Flow fractional reserve(FFR) allows to evaluate the functional significance of coronary artery lesions, through the ratio of the mean coronary artery pressure after the stenosis to the mean aortic pressure duringmaxim...Flow fractional reserve(FFR) allows to evaluate the functional significance of coronary artery lesions, through the ratio of the mean coronary artery pressure after the stenosis to the mean aortic pressure duringmaximum hyperemia. The actual widely accepted cutoff value is 0.80. Below this value a coronary lesion is considered significant and therefore it requires invasive revascularization. Several studies [in particular Fractional Flow Reserve vs Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation 1(FAME-1) and FAME-2] have shown the relationship between FFR measurement and hard end-points(death, myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization). Consequently, FFR evaluation represents the cornerstone in the decision-making in intermediate coronary lesions. Recent studies paved the way for further applications of FFR evaluation in complex and tricky clinical settings. In this paper, we perform an overview of the data regarding contemporary application of FFR. In particular, we review the use of FFR in: left main intermediate stenoses, serial stenoses, evaluation after stenting, guidance in coronary artery bypass surgery, and acute coronary syndrome. All the data presented in our overview confirm the essential role of FFR assessment in the daily clinical practice. The shift from "operator-dependent" to "FFR-dependent" evaluation in intermediate coronary artery stenosis is of paramount importance in order to improve the prognosis of our patients, through the discrimination of the functional role of every single coronary stenosis.展开更多
Gliomas represent a disparate group of tumours for which there are to date no cure. Thus,there is a recognized need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on increased understanding of their molecular nat...Gliomas represent a disparate group of tumours for which there are to date no cure. Thus,there is a recognized need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on increased understanding of their molecular nature. We performed the comparison of the microRNA( miRNA) profile of 8 WHO grade II gliomas and 24 higher grade tumours( 2 WHO grade III and 22 glioblastomas) by using the Affymetrix Gene Chip miRNA Array v. 1. 0. A relative quantification method( RT-q PCR) with standard curve was used to confirm the 22 miRNA signature resulted by array analysis. The prognostic performances of the confirmed miRNAs were estimated on the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas( TCGA) datasets. We identified 22 miRNAs distinguishing grade II gliomas from higher grade tumours.RT-q PCR confirmed the differential expression in the two patients' groups for 13 out of the 22 miRNAs. The analysis of the Glioblastoma Multiforme( GBM) and Lower Grade Glioma( LGG) datasets from TCGA demonstrated the association with prognosis for 6 of those miRNAs. Moreover,in the GBM dataset miR-21 and miR-210 were predictors of worse prognosis in both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses( HR 1. 19,P = 0. 04,and HR 1. 18,P = 0. 029 respectively). Our results support a direct contribution of miRNAs to glioma cancerogenesis and suggest that miR-21 and miR-210 may play a role in the aggressive clinical behaviour of glioblastomas.展开更多
Sex-related cardiovascular arrest is a rare event occurring typically among middle-aged men with cardiovascular risk.[1,2]The main etiologies of sex-related sudden cardiovascular arrest are acute coronary syndrome and...Sex-related cardiovascular arrest is a rare event occurring typically among middle-aged men with cardiovascular risk.[1,2]The main etiologies of sex-related sudden cardiovascular arrest are acute coronary syndrome and subarachnoid hemorrhage and,to a lesser extent,chronic coronary artery disease and structural non-ischemic heart disease.[3]Coital angina that occurs during the minutes or hours after sexual activity represents<5%of all anginal attacks and it is rare in patients who do not have angina during strenous physical exertion.[4]Moreover,sexual activity is the cause of<1%of all acute myocardial infarctions.[5]Sudden death during sexual intercourse is reported with an incidence of 0.6%–1.7%.[6–8]The investigation of sudden death related to sexual activity may be difficult as it may be regarded as shameful or disgraceful to the family members and,especially to the remaining partner.Because of rarity of epidemiological data,considerable bias in the investigation of sudden death related to sexual activity has to be expected.[9–11]Extramarital sexual activity with younger partner and unfamiliar setting seems to represent risk factor as well as excessive food and alcohol consumption.[7]展开更多
The increasing incidence of bone diseases has driven research towards Bone Tissue Engineering(BTE),an innovative discipline that uses biomaterials to develop three-dimensional(3D)scafolds capable of mimicking the natu...The increasing incidence of bone diseases has driven research towards Bone Tissue Engineering(BTE),an innovative discipline that uses biomaterials to develop three-dimensional(3D)scafolds capable of mimicking the natural environment of bone tissue.Traditional approaches relying on two-dimensional(2D)models have exhibited signifcant limitations in simulating cellular interactions and the complexity of the bone microenvironment.In response to these challenges,3D models such as organoids and cellular spheroids have emerged as efective tools for studying bone regeneration.Adult mesenchymal stem cells have proven crucial in this context,as they can diferentiate into osteoblasts and contribute to bone tissue repair.Furthermore,the integration of composite biomaterials has shown substantial potential in enhancing bone healing.Advanced technologies like microfuidics ofer additional opportunities to create controlled environments for cell culture,facilitating more detailed studies on bone regeneration.These advancements represent a fundamental step forward in the treatment of bone pathologies and the promotion of skeletal health.In this review,we report on the evolution of in vitro culture models applied to the study of bone healing/regrowth,starting from 2 to 3D cultures and microfuids.The diferent methodologies of in vitro model generation,cells and biomaterials are presented and discussed.展开更多
Over the last decades,various tissue-clearing techniques have broken the ground for the optical imaging of whole organs and whole-organisms,providing complete representative data sets of three-dimensional biological s...Over the last decades,various tissue-clearing techniques have broken the ground for the optical imaging of whole organs and whole-organisms,providing complete representative data sets of three-dimensional biological structures.Along with advancements in this field,the development of fluorescent markers for staining vessels and capillaries has offered insights into the complexity of vascular networks and their impact on disease progression.Here we describe the use of a modified water-soluble chitosan linked to cyanine dyes in combination with ethyl cinnamate-based optical tissue clearing for the 3D visualization of tissue vasculature in depth.The water-soluble fluorescent Chitosans have proven to be an optimal candidate for labeling both vessels and capillaries ex vivo thanks to their increased water solubility,high photostability,and optical properties in the near-infrared window.In addition,the nontoxicity of these markers broadens their applicability to in vitro and in vivo biological applications.Despite the availability of other fluorescent molecules for vascular staining,the present study,for the first time,demonstrates the potential of fluorescent chitosans to depict vessels at the capillary level and opens avenues for advancing the diagnostic field by reducing the complexity and costs of the currently available procedures.展开更多
文摘Flow fractional reserve(FFR) allows to evaluate the functional significance of coronary artery lesions, through the ratio of the mean coronary artery pressure after the stenosis to the mean aortic pressure duringmaximum hyperemia. The actual widely accepted cutoff value is 0.80. Below this value a coronary lesion is considered significant and therefore it requires invasive revascularization. Several studies [in particular Fractional Flow Reserve vs Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation 1(FAME-1) and FAME-2] have shown the relationship between FFR measurement and hard end-points(death, myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization). Consequently, FFR evaluation represents the cornerstone in the decision-making in intermediate coronary lesions. Recent studies paved the way for further applications of FFR evaluation in complex and tricky clinical settings. In this paper, we perform an overview of the data regarding contemporary application of FFR. In particular, we review the use of FFR in: left main intermediate stenoses, serial stenoses, evaluation after stenting, guidance in coronary artery bypass surgery, and acute coronary syndrome. All the data presented in our overview confirm the essential role of FFR assessment in the daily clinical practice. The shift from "operator-dependent" to "FFR-dependent" evaluation in intermediate coronary artery stenosis is of paramount importance in order to improve the prognosis of our patients, through the discrimination of the functional role of every single coronary stenosis.
文摘Gliomas represent a disparate group of tumours for which there are to date no cure. Thus,there is a recognized need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on increased understanding of their molecular nature. We performed the comparison of the microRNA( miRNA) profile of 8 WHO grade II gliomas and 24 higher grade tumours( 2 WHO grade III and 22 glioblastomas) by using the Affymetrix Gene Chip miRNA Array v. 1. 0. A relative quantification method( RT-q PCR) with standard curve was used to confirm the 22 miRNA signature resulted by array analysis. The prognostic performances of the confirmed miRNAs were estimated on the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas( TCGA) datasets. We identified 22 miRNAs distinguishing grade II gliomas from higher grade tumours.RT-q PCR confirmed the differential expression in the two patients' groups for 13 out of the 22 miRNAs. The analysis of the Glioblastoma Multiforme( GBM) and Lower Grade Glioma( LGG) datasets from TCGA demonstrated the association with prognosis for 6 of those miRNAs. Moreover,in the GBM dataset miR-21 and miR-210 were predictors of worse prognosis in both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses( HR 1. 19,P = 0. 04,and HR 1. 18,P = 0. 029 respectively). Our results support a direct contribution of miRNAs to glioma cancerogenesis and suggest that miR-21 and miR-210 may play a role in the aggressive clinical behaviour of glioblastomas.
文摘Sex-related cardiovascular arrest is a rare event occurring typically among middle-aged men with cardiovascular risk.[1,2]The main etiologies of sex-related sudden cardiovascular arrest are acute coronary syndrome and subarachnoid hemorrhage and,to a lesser extent,chronic coronary artery disease and structural non-ischemic heart disease.[3]Coital angina that occurs during the minutes or hours after sexual activity represents<5%of all anginal attacks and it is rare in patients who do not have angina during strenous physical exertion.[4]Moreover,sexual activity is the cause of<1%of all acute myocardial infarctions.[5]Sudden death during sexual intercourse is reported with an incidence of 0.6%–1.7%.[6–8]The investigation of sudden death related to sexual activity may be difficult as it may be regarded as shameful or disgraceful to the family members and,especially to the remaining partner.Because of rarity of epidemiological data,considerable bias in the investigation of sudden death related to sexual activity has to be expected.[9–11]Extramarital sexual activity with younger partner and unfamiliar setting seems to represent risk factor as well as excessive food and alcohol consumption.[7]
基金supported,in part,by grants from University of Ferrara,Fondo di Ateneo per la Ricerca(FAR 2023 and FAR 2024)to EM and FMFondo per l’Incentivazione alla Ricerca Dipartimentale(FIRD)grant to EM 2023+1 种基金Ministero dell’Universitàe Ricerca(MUR)PRIN 2017,project code C8RYSS to FMFoundation Cariverona and Foundation Caritro,Bando Ricerca e Sviluppo,2020 code number 50457 to ADA and LT.
文摘The increasing incidence of bone diseases has driven research towards Bone Tissue Engineering(BTE),an innovative discipline that uses biomaterials to develop three-dimensional(3D)scafolds capable of mimicking the natural environment of bone tissue.Traditional approaches relying on two-dimensional(2D)models have exhibited signifcant limitations in simulating cellular interactions and the complexity of the bone microenvironment.In response to these challenges,3D models such as organoids and cellular spheroids have emerged as efective tools for studying bone regeneration.Adult mesenchymal stem cells have proven crucial in this context,as they can diferentiate into osteoblasts and contribute to bone tissue repair.Furthermore,the integration of composite biomaterials has shown substantial potential in enhancing bone healing.Advanced technologies like microfuidics ofer additional opportunities to create controlled environments for cell culture,facilitating more detailed studies on bone regeneration.These advancements represent a fundamental step forward in the treatment of bone pathologies and the promotion of skeletal health.In this review,we report on the evolution of in vitro culture models applied to the study of bone healing/regrowth,starting from 2 to 3D cultures and microfuids.The diferent methodologies of in vitro model generation,cells and biomaterials are presented and discussed.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,Research and the Arts Baden-Württemberg and the German Research Foundation through Grants INST 35/1314-1 FUGG and INST 35/1503-1 FUGG and the support of the LIMa Live Cell Imaging at Microscopy Core Facility Platform Mannheimsupporting Stellaris 8 imaging sessions onsite.This study has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant agreement no.813839(RenalToolBox).E.Vsupported through a grant from Regione Emilia-Romagna within the call“Bando Alte Competenze per la Ricerca ed il Trasferimento Tecnologico POR FSE 2014/2020”(to S.B.and L.R.).
文摘Over the last decades,various tissue-clearing techniques have broken the ground for the optical imaging of whole organs and whole-organisms,providing complete representative data sets of three-dimensional biological structures.Along with advancements in this field,the development of fluorescent markers for staining vessels and capillaries has offered insights into the complexity of vascular networks and their impact on disease progression.Here we describe the use of a modified water-soluble chitosan linked to cyanine dyes in combination with ethyl cinnamate-based optical tissue clearing for the 3D visualization of tissue vasculature in depth.The water-soluble fluorescent Chitosans have proven to be an optimal candidate for labeling both vessels and capillaries ex vivo thanks to their increased water solubility,high photostability,and optical properties in the near-infrared window.In addition,the nontoxicity of these markers broadens their applicability to in vitro and in vivo biological applications.Despite the availability of other fluorescent molecules for vascular staining,the present study,for the first time,demonstrates the potential of fluorescent chitosans to depict vessels at the capillary level and opens avenues for advancing the diagnostic field by reducing the complexity and costs of the currently available procedures.
