The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4A...The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4AGE project of the Joint Programming InitiativeA Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life',focuses on the rational design of functional foods for older adults.A co-extruded cereal prototype,fortified with two bioactive moieties,maca root powder and olive leaf extract,aims to address nutritional gaps identified in older adults,with a particular emphasis on high-quality and highly digestible proteins.Analytical determinations reveal the cereals have rich macronutrient profile exceeding 12%(m/m)protein,20%(m/m)fat,and low sugar(<5%,m/m),surpassing commercially available products with texture analyses supporting improved hardness,reduced oral friction and oral comfort.An untrained consumer panel(n=21,age 73±5)confirmed high palatability in various metrics and overall acceptability that were also affirmed through a trained sensory panel.Lastly,the product digestion was explored through an age-tailored in vitro digestion model which consistently demonstrated high protein digestibility,surpassing 80%,across all product formulations.Further,calculation of the in vitro digestible indispensable amino acid score of the product affirms its high nutritional quality.Thus,this study underscores the potential of designing palatable foods that could help promote a balanced and sustainable diet towards healthy aging.展开更多
Appropriate materials for injection pipelines and tubing for carbon dioxide geologic storage is fundamental to ensure asset integrity and save cost.This paper evaluates the corrosion behaviour of X65,1Cr,3Cr and 5Cr,w...Appropriate materials for injection pipelines and tubing for carbon dioxide geologic storage is fundamental to ensure asset integrity and save cost.This paper evaluates the corrosion behaviour of X65,1Cr,3Cr and 5Cr,which have the potential to be injection pipeline/tubing materials.The influence of steel Cr content on the general and localised corrosion behaviour was investigated at time periods from 6 to 192 h at 60℃and 100 bar.The evolution,morphology and chemistry of corrosion products on the surface of each material were evaluated using a combination of scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction and related to their overall corrosion protection.Results indicate that prior to the formation of protective films on the steel surfaces,the resistance of the materials to corrosion increase with increasing Cr content(Corrosion resistance:X65<1Cr<3Cr<5Cr).However,as corrosion products evolve,the protection afforded to the different steels significantly varies and decreases with increasing Cr content.×65 becomes the material with the lowest general corrosion rate by the end of the 192 h experiments and 5Cr exhibits the highest corrosion rate(ranking of corrosion resistance:X65>1Cr>3Cr>5Cr).In terms of the corrosion products on X65,both inner amorphous and outer crystalline corrosion layers consist of FeCO3.For the Cr-containing steels,the outer layer also comprises FeCO3,but the inner layer is enriched with Cr,and is predominantly amorphous Cr(OH)3.The extent of localised corrosion(determined using surface profilometry)is noticeably less for X65 compared to the Cr-containing steels.The paper raises questions about the benefits that low Cr steels offer towards extending component design life compared to carbon steel under the test conditions considered here.展开更多
This paper is prepared in honour of Professor E.T.Brown for his outstanding contributions to rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering and also for his personal influence on the first author’s research career in ge...This paper is prepared in honour of Professor E.T.Brown for his outstanding contributions to rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering and also for his personal influence on the first author’s research career in geomechanics and geotechnical engineering.As a result,we have picked a topic that reflects two key research areas in which Professor E.T.Brown has made seminal contributions over a long and distinguished career.These two areas are concerned with the application of the critical state concept to modelling geomaterials and the analysis of underground excavation or tunnelling in geomaterials.Partially due to Professor Brown’s influence,the first author has also been conducting research in these two areas over many years.In particular,this paper aims to describe briefly the development of a unified critical state model for geomaterials together with an application to cavity contraction problems and tunnelling in soils.展开更多
AIM: To compare seven commercially available bone graft substitutes(BGS) in terms of these properties and without using any additional biological growth factors.METHODS: Porcine osteoprogenitor cells were loaded on se...AIM: To compare seven commercially available bone graft substitutes(BGS) in terms of these properties and without using any additional biological growth factors.METHODS: Porcine osteoprogenitor cells were loaded on seven commercially available BGS and allowed to proliferate for one week followed by osteogenic induction. Staining for live/dead cells as well as scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was carried out to determine viability and cellular binding. Further outcome measures included alkaline phosphatase(ALP) assays with normalisation for DNA content to quantify osteogenic potential. Negative and positive control experiments were carried out in parallel to validate the results.RESULTS: Live/dead and SEM imaging showed higher viability and attachment with β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP) than with other BGS(P < 0.05). The average ALP activity in nmol/mL(normalised value for DNA content in nmol/μg DNA) per sample was 657.58(132.03) for β-TCP, 36.22(unable to normalise) for calcium sulphate, 19.93(11.39) for the Hydroxyapatite/Tricalcium Phosphate composite, 14.79(18.53) for polygraft, 13.98(8.15) for the highly porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate, 5.56(10.0) for polymers, and 3.82(3.8) for Hydroxyapatite.CONCLUSION: Under the above experimental conditions, β-TCP was able to maintain better the viability of osteoprogenitor cells and allow proliferation and differentiation(P < 0.05).展开更多
A multi-dimensional conductive heterojunction structure,composited by TiO2,SnO2,and Ti3C2TX MXene,is facilely designed and applied as electron transport layer in efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells.Base...A multi-dimensional conductive heterojunction structure,composited by TiO2,SnO2,and Ti3C2TX MXene,is facilely designed and applied as electron transport layer in efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells.Based on an oxygen vacancy scramble effect,the zero-dimensional anatase TiO2 quantum dots,surrounding on two-dimensional conductive Ti3C2TX sheets,are in situ rooted on three-dimensional SnO2 nanoparticles,constructing nanoscale TiO2/SnO2 heterojunctions.The fabrication is implemented in a controlled lowtemperature anneal method in air and then in N2 atmospheres.With the optimal MXene content,the optical property,the crystallinity of perovskite layer,and internal interfaces are all facilitated,contributing more amount of carrier with effective and rapid transferring in device.The champion power conversion efficiency of resultant perovskite solar cells achieves 19.14%,yet that of counterpart is just 16.83%.In addition,it can also maintain almost 85%of its initial performance for more than 45 days in 30–40%humidity air;comparatively,the counterpart declines to just below 75%of its initial performance.展开更多
In this paper, the contents and various forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments of the Xiangjiang River have been investigated. The presentation of this paper focuses on the various forms and characteristics of th...In this paper, the contents and various forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments of the Xiangjiang River have been investigated. The presentation of this paper focuses on the various forms and characteristics of the heavy metals in the column sediments at Xiawan Port of Zhuzhou, which has been severely polluted by a metallurgical plant.The forms of the heavy metals discussed in this paper are: The concentration of the exchangeable forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, in the forms of carbonates and Fe/ Mn oxide in water, the combination of Cu with organic matter and form, and the proportion of the residue form at each section have been studied.展开更多
基金support of the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology Grant#3-16518 and the Research Council of Norway(321860),under the umbrella of the European Joint Programming Initiative"A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life(JPI HDHL)and of the ERA-NETCofund ERA-HDHL(GA No.696295 of the EU Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme)"as well as the support of the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute(Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel).Ms.L.Mashiah would also like to thank the partial support of her PhD by the Israel Scholarship Education Foundation(ISEF),Special thanks are also extended to the staff of the Smoler Proteomics Center at the Technion for their support and collaboration+1 种基金Authors P.Varela and J.Skaret also wish to thank the Norwegian Fund for Research Fees for Agricultural Products(FFL)for support,through the project"Food ForFuture(314318,2021-2024)A.Sarkar andA.Araiza Calahorra acknowledge the EAT4AGE project fundings received from[Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC),UK:BB/V018914/1]under the umbrella of the European Joint Programming Initiative"A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life"(JPI HDHL)and of theERA-NET Cofund ERA-HDHL(GANo.696295 of the EU Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme).
文摘The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4AGE project of the Joint Programming InitiativeA Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life',focuses on the rational design of functional foods for older adults.A co-extruded cereal prototype,fortified with two bioactive moieties,maca root powder and olive leaf extract,aims to address nutritional gaps identified in older adults,with a particular emphasis on high-quality and highly digestible proteins.Analytical determinations reveal the cereals have rich macronutrient profile exceeding 12%(m/m)protein,20%(m/m)fat,and low sugar(<5%,m/m),surpassing commercially available products with texture analyses supporting improved hardness,reduced oral friction and oral comfort.An untrained consumer panel(n=21,age 73±5)confirmed high palatability in various metrics and overall acceptability that were also affirmed through a trained sensory panel.Lastly,the product digestion was explored through an age-tailored in vitro digestion model which consistently demonstrated high protein digestibility,surpassing 80%,across all product formulations.Further,calculation of the in vitro digestible indispensable amino acid score of the product affirms its high nutritional quality.Thus,this study underscores the potential of designing palatable foods that could help promote a balanced and sustainable diet towards healthy aging.
文摘Appropriate materials for injection pipelines and tubing for carbon dioxide geologic storage is fundamental to ensure asset integrity and save cost.This paper evaluates the corrosion behaviour of X65,1Cr,3Cr and 5Cr,which have the potential to be injection pipeline/tubing materials.The influence of steel Cr content on the general and localised corrosion behaviour was investigated at time periods from 6 to 192 h at 60℃and 100 bar.The evolution,morphology and chemistry of corrosion products on the surface of each material were evaluated using a combination of scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction and related to their overall corrosion protection.Results indicate that prior to the formation of protective films on the steel surfaces,the resistance of the materials to corrosion increase with increasing Cr content(Corrosion resistance:X65<1Cr<3Cr<5Cr).However,as corrosion products evolve,the protection afforded to the different steels significantly varies and decreases with increasing Cr content.×65 becomes the material with the lowest general corrosion rate by the end of the 192 h experiments and 5Cr exhibits the highest corrosion rate(ranking of corrosion resistance:X65>1Cr>3Cr>5Cr).In terms of the corrosion products on X65,both inner amorphous and outer crystalline corrosion layers consist of FeCO3.For the Cr-containing steels,the outer layer also comprises FeCO3,but the inner layer is enriched with Cr,and is predominantly amorphous Cr(OH)3.The extent of localised corrosion(determined using surface profilometry)is noticeably less for X65 compared to the Cr-containing steels.The paper raises questions about the benefits that low Cr steels offer towards extending component design life compared to carbon steel under the test conditions considered here.
文摘This paper is prepared in honour of Professor E.T.Brown for his outstanding contributions to rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering and also for his personal influence on the first author’s research career in geomechanics and geotechnical engineering.As a result,we have picked a topic that reflects two key research areas in which Professor E.T.Brown has made seminal contributions over a long and distinguished career.These two areas are concerned with the application of the critical state concept to modelling geomaterials and the analysis of underground excavation or tunnelling in geomaterials.Partially due to Professor Brown’s influence,the first author has also been conducting research in these two areas over many years.In particular,this paper aims to describe briefly the development of a unified critical state model for geomaterials together with an application to cavity contraction problems and tunnelling in soils.
基金Supported by Educational grant by Smith and Nephew
文摘AIM: To compare seven commercially available bone graft substitutes(BGS) in terms of these properties and without using any additional biological growth factors.METHODS: Porcine osteoprogenitor cells were loaded on seven commercially available BGS and allowed to proliferate for one week followed by osteogenic induction. Staining for live/dead cells as well as scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was carried out to determine viability and cellular binding. Further outcome measures included alkaline phosphatase(ALP) assays with normalisation for DNA content to quantify osteogenic potential. Negative and positive control experiments were carried out in parallel to validate the results.RESULTS: Live/dead and SEM imaging showed higher viability and attachment with β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP) than with other BGS(P < 0.05). The average ALP activity in nmol/mL(normalised value for DNA content in nmol/μg DNA) per sample was 657.58(132.03) for β-TCP, 36.22(unable to normalise) for calcium sulphate, 19.93(11.39) for the Hydroxyapatite/Tricalcium Phosphate composite, 14.79(18.53) for polygraft, 13.98(8.15) for the highly porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate, 5.56(10.0) for polymers, and 3.82(3.8) for Hydroxyapatite.CONCLUSION: Under the above experimental conditions, β-TCP was able to maintain better the viability of osteoprogenitor cells and allow proliferation and differentiation(P < 0.05).
基金supported by the Science & Technology Project of Anhui Province (16030701091)the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Provincial Education Department (KJ2019A0030)+2 种基金the Support Project of Outstanding Young Talents in Anhui Provincial Universities (gxyqZD2018006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11704002, 31701323)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1908085QF251,1808085MF185)
文摘A multi-dimensional conductive heterojunction structure,composited by TiO2,SnO2,and Ti3C2TX MXene,is facilely designed and applied as electron transport layer in efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells.Based on an oxygen vacancy scramble effect,the zero-dimensional anatase TiO2 quantum dots,surrounding on two-dimensional conductive Ti3C2TX sheets,are in situ rooted on three-dimensional SnO2 nanoparticles,constructing nanoscale TiO2/SnO2 heterojunctions.The fabrication is implemented in a controlled lowtemperature anneal method in air and then in N2 atmospheres.With the optimal MXene content,the optical property,the crystallinity of perovskite layer,and internal interfaces are all facilitated,contributing more amount of carrier with effective and rapid transferring in device.The champion power conversion efficiency of resultant perovskite solar cells achieves 19.14%,yet that of counterpart is just 16.83%.In addition,it can also maintain almost 85%of its initial performance for more than 45 days in 30–40%humidity air;comparatively,the counterpart declines to just below 75%of its initial performance.
文摘In this paper, the contents and various forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments of the Xiangjiang River have been investigated. The presentation of this paper focuses on the various forms and characteristics of the heavy metals in the column sediments at Xiawan Port of Zhuzhou, which has been severely polluted by a metallurgical plant.The forms of the heavy metals discussed in this paper are: The concentration of the exchangeable forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, in the forms of carbonates and Fe/ Mn oxide in water, the combination of Cu with organic matter and form, and the proportion of the residue form at each section have been studied.
