Objectives: This study evaluated the association between weight loss and change in depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Weight change from 2008 to 2009 among respondents (with and w...Objectives: This study evaluated the association between weight loss and change in depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Weight change from 2008 to 2009 among respondents (with and without T2DM) in the Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes (SHIELD) was calculated. Change in depression was calculated as change from 2008 to 2009 in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. Respondents with weight loss (>1%, >3%, >5%) were compared with respondents with weight gain (≥1%). Multivariate regression adjusted for baseline characteristics. Results: Among those with T2DM, more respondents with weight loss (n = 779) improved their depression scores, compared with respondents with weight gain (n = 731): 32.9%, 36.9%, 39.8% for >1%, >3%, and >5% weight loss, respectively, vs. 28.7% for weight gain (p<0.05). More respondents with weight loss improved the severity level of depression compared with respondents with weight gain (p < 0.05). After adjustment, T2DM respondents with weight loss had significantly greater improvement in depression scores (p < 0.05) and had 2 - 3 times higher odds of improving depression severity than T2DM respondents with weight gain (OR: 2.22 for >1%, 2.96 for >3%, and 3.31 for >5% weight loss, p < 0.01). Similar improvement in depression scores and severity of depression related to weight loss was observed among all SHIELD respondents (with and without T2DM). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate an association between weight loss and improvement in depression over a 1-year period in adults with T2DM, and suggest the need for further investigation with respect to causality.展开更多
The FAST radio telescope has significantly better sensitivity than any other current radio telescope.Consequently,FAST has discovered over a thousand new pulsars in sky regions already searched for 50 yr.The Galactic ...The FAST radio telescope has significantly better sensitivity than any other current radio telescope.Consequently,FAST has discovered over a thousand new pulsars in sky regions already searched for 50 yr.The Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey found three-quarters of these new pulsars.The article by Han et al.(2025)details the latest batch of 473 discoveries,bringing the total to 751.展开更多
Joint health is critical for musculoskeletal(MSK)conditions that are affecting approximately one-third of the global population.Monitoring of joint torque can offer an important pathway for the evaluation of joint hea...Joint health is critical for musculoskeletal(MSK)conditions that are affecting approximately one-third of the global population.Monitoring of joint torque can offer an important pathway for the evaluation of joint health and guided intervention.However,there is no technology that can provide the precision,effectiveness,low-resource setting,and longterm wearability to simultaneously achieve both rapid and accurate joint torque measurement to enable risk assessment of joint injury and long-term monitoring of joint rehabilitation in wider environments.Herein,we propose a piezoelectric boron nitride nanotubes(BNNTs)-based,AI-enabled wearable device for regular monitoring of joint torque.We first adopted an iterative inverse design to fabricate the wearable materials with a Poisson's ratio precisely matched to knee biomechanics.A highly sensitive piezoelectric film was constructed based on BNNTs and polydimethylsiloxane and applied to precisely capture the knee motion,while concurrently realizing self-sufficient energy harvesting.With the help of a lightweight on-device artificial neural network,the proposed wearable device was capable of accurately extracting targeted signals from the complex piezoelectric outputs and then effectively mapping these signals to their corresponding physical characteristics,including torque,angle,and loading.A real-time platform was constructed to demonstrate the capability of fine real-time torque estimation.This work offers a relatively low-cost wearable solution for effective,regular joint torque monitoring that can be made accessible to diverse populations in countries and regions with heterogeneous development levels,potentially producing wide-reaching global implications for joint health,MSK conditions,ageing,rehabilitation,personal health,and beyond.展开更多
The bioinert nature of polyether ether ketone(PEEK)material limits the widespread clinical application of PEEK implants.Although the porous structure is considered to improve osseointegration of PEEK implants,it is ha...The bioinert nature of polyether ether ketone(PEEK)material limits the widespread clinical application of PEEK implants.Although the porous structure is considered to improve osseointegration of PEEK implants,it is hardly used due to its mechanical properties.This study investigated the combined influence of the porous structure and in vivo mechanical stimulation on implantation safety and bone growth based on finite element analysis of the biomechanical behavior of the implantation system.The combined control of pore size and screw preloads allows the porous PEEK implant to achieve good osseointegration while maintaining a relatively high safety level.A pore size of 600μm and a preload of 0.05 N·m are the optimal combination for the long-term stability of the implant,with which the safety factor of the implant is>2,and the predicted percentage of effective bone growth area of the bone-implant interface reaches 97%.For further clinical application,PEEK implants were fabricated with fused filament fabrication(FFF)three-dimensional(3D)printing,and clinical outcomes demonstrated better bone repair efficacy and long-term stability of porous PEEK implants compared to solid PEEK implants.Moreover,good osteointegration performance of 3D-printed porous PEEK implants was observed,with an average bone volume fraction>40%three months after implantation.In conclusion,3D-printed porous PEEK implants have great potential for clinical application,with validated implantation safety and good osseointegration.展开更多
In the current settings of osteosarcoma research and drug screening,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)models,which overcome the limitations of traditional models,are favored.In in vitro 3D models,tumor microenvironment si...In the current settings of osteosarcoma research and drug screening,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)models,which overcome the limitations of traditional models,are favored.In in vitro 3D models,tumor microenvironment simulation,particularly of the mechanical microenvironment,is crucial for estimating the biological effects of a tumor.However,current in vitro osteosarcoma model construction is often limited to a single mechanical signal,which fails to simulate the diversity of osteosarcoma mechanical stimuli.In this study,we utilized embedded bioprinting technology and the multiple response properties of calcium ions in soft and hard stiffness systems with osteosarcoma cell biological functions to construct an integrated gradient biomechanical signal-tailored osteosarcoma model(IGBSTOM).We achieved this by printing a fibrinogen bioink containing calcium ions and osteosarcoma tumor spheroids within an extracellular matrix composed of methacryloylated alginate,methacryloylated gelatin,thrombin,and transglutaminase,which is rich in polysaccharides and proteins and exhibits self-healing properties.Our in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the IGBSTOM enhanced tumor stemness,proliferation,and migration,and successfully reproduced the nest-like structure of tumors,providing an in vitro research platform that is more similar to the natural tumor than the existing models.This study proposes a novel IGBSTOM construction and provides a new strategy for the clinical understanding of tumor development,drug screening,and exploration of drug resistance and metastasis mechanisms.展开更多
Aromatic-aliphatic polyols were obtained previously from the thiol-ene reactions of propoxylated cardanol with hydroxyalkyl mercaptans;these aromatic-aliphatic polyols were then utilized in the preparation of rigid po...Aromatic-aliphatic polyols were obtained previously from the thiol-ene reactions of propoxylated cardanol with hydroxyalkyl mercaptans;these aromatic-aliphatic polyols were then utilized in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with excellent properties.The current work describes a variant of cardanol polyol synthesis by thiol-ene reactions in three steps.The first step is propoxylation of cardanol by reacting cardanol with propylene oxide;the second step is mercaptanization of propoxylated cardanol by reacting double bonds with hydrogen sulfide;and the third step involves the addition of the thiol groups of mercaptanized propoxylated cardanol to the double bonds of allyl alcohol,glycerol-1-allyl ether,and trimethylolpropane allyl ether.Thus,obtained polyols were characterized by standard analytical methods.Rigid polyurethane foams prepared from these polyols show promising physical-mechanical properties.The rigid polyurethane foams can be used for various applications such as thermo-insulation of freezers,storage tanks and pipes for food and chemical industries,wood substitutes and flotation materials.展开更多
文摘Objectives: This study evaluated the association between weight loss and change in depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Weight change from 2008 to 2009 among respondents (with and without T2DM) in the Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes (SHIELD) was calculated. Change in depression was calculated as change from 2008 to 2009 in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. Respondents with weight loss (>1%, >3%, >5%) were compared with respondents with weight gain (≥1%). Multivariate regression adjusted for baseline characteristics. Results: Among those with T2DM, more respondents with weight loss (n = 779) improved their depression scores, compared with respondents with weight gain (n = 731): 32.9%, 36.9%, 39.8% for >1%, >3%, and >5% weight loss, respectively, vs. 28.7% for weight gain (p<0.05). More respondents with weight loss improved the severity level of depression compared with respondents with weight gain (p < 0.05). After adjustment, T2DM respondents with weight loss had significantly greater improvement in depression scores (p < 0.05) and had 2 - 3 times higher odds of improving depression severity than T2DM respondents with weight gain (OR: 2.22 for >1%, 2.96 for >3%, and 3.31 for >5% weight loss, p < 0.01). Similar improvement in depression scores and severity of depression related to weight loss was observed among all SHIELD respondents (with and without T2DM). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate an association between weight loss and improvement in depression over a 1-year period in adults with T2DM, and suggest the need for further investigation with respect to causality.
文摘The FAST radio telescope has significantly better sensitivity than any other current radio telescope.Consequently,FAST has discovered over a thousand new pulsars in sky regions already searched for 50 yr.The Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey found three-quarters of these new pulsars.The article by Han et al.(2025)details the latest batch of 473 discoveries,bringing the total to 751.
基金support from the EPSRC REMIN project(EP/W009412/1)the UCL Fellowship Incubator Award+6 种基金the EPSRC award(TEGMOF EP/Z534146/1)for fundingfinancial support from the China Scholarship Councilfinancial support from UCL Research Excellence Scholarshipthe Wellcome Trust and EPSRC through the WEISS Centre(grant:203145Z/16/Z)at UCLsupport from the Royal Society Research Grant(RGSR2222333)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Grant(13171178 R00287)European Innovative Council(EIC)under the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program(Grant agreement No.101099093)。
文摘Joint health is critical for musculoskeletal(MSK)conditions that are affecting approximately one-third of the global population.Monitoring of joint torque can offer an important pathway for the evaluation of joint health and guided intervention.However,there is no technology that can provide the precision,effectiveness,low-resource setting,and longterm wearability to simultaneously achieve both rapid and accurate joint torque measurement to enable risk assessment of joint injury and long-term monitoring of joint rehabilitation in wider environments.Herein,we propose a piezoelectric boron nitride nanotubes(BNNTs)-based,AI-enabled wearable device for regular monitoring of joint torque.We first adopted an iterative inverse design to fabricate the wearable materials with a Poisson's ratio precisely matched to knee biomechanics.A highly sensitive piezoelectric film was constructed based on BNNTs and polydimethylsiloxane and applied to precisely capture the knee motion,while concurrently realizing self-sufficient energy harvesting.With the help of a lightweight on-device artificial neural network,the proposed wearable device was capable of accurately extracting targeted signals from the complex piezoelectric outputs and then effectively mapping these signals to their corresponding physical characteristics,including torque,angle,and loading.A real-time platform was constructed to demonstrate the capability of fine real-time torque estimation.This work offers a relatively low-cost wearable solution for effective,regular joint torque monitoring that can be made accessible to diverse populations in countries and regions with heterogeneous development levels,potentially producing wide-reaching global implications for joint health,MSK conditions,ageing,rehabilitation,personal health,and beyond.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB4603500)the Program for Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-CX-TD-17)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Shaanxi Province Qinchuangyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Construction Project(No.2022KXJ-106).
文摘The bioinert nature of polyether ether ketone(PEEK)material limits the widespread clinical application of PEEK implants.Although the porous structure is considered to improve osseointegration of PEEK implants,it is hardly used due to its mechanical properties.This study investigated the combined influence of the porous structure and in vivo mechanical stimulation on implantation safety and bone growth based on finite element analysis of the biomechanical behavior of the implantation system.The combined control of pore size and screw preloads allows the porous PEEK implant to achieve good osseointegration while maintaining a relatively high safety level.A pore size of 600μm and a preload of 0.05 N·m are the optimal combination for the long-term stability of the implant,with which the safety factor of the implant is>2,and the predicted percentage of effective bone growth area of the bone-implant interface reaches 97%.For further clinical application,PEEK implants were fabricated with fused filament fabrication(FFF)three-dimensional(3D)printing,and clinical outcomes demonstrated better bone repair efficacy and long-term stability of porous PEEK implants compared to solid PEEK implants.Moreover,good osteointegration performance of 3D-printed porous PEEK implants was observed,with an average bone volume fraction>40%three months after implantation.In conclusion,3D-printed porous PEEK implants have great potential for clinical application,with validated implantation safety and good osseointegration.
基金appreciate financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1104600)2022 Lingang Laboratory“Seeking Outstanding Youth Program”Open Project(No.LGQS-202206-04)+3 种基金Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital–Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine–Shanghai University of Science and Technology Cross-funded Collaborative Program(No.JYJC202233)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82372377)Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute Cooperative Research Project by Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.2022LHBO8),Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants,Department of Orthopaedics by Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital–Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.KFKT202206),the Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province Social Development Project(No.BE2022708)the Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.22015820100).
文摘In the current settings of osteosarcoma research and drug screening,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)models,which overcome the limitations of traditional models,are favored.In in vitro 3D models,tumor microenvironment simulation,particularly of the mechanical microenvironment,is crucial for estimating the biological effects of a tumor.However,current in vitro osteosarcoma model construction is often limited to a single mechanical signal,which fails to simulate the diversity of osteosarcoma mechanical stimuli.In this study,we utilized embedded bioprinting technology and the multiple response properties of calcium ions in soft and hard stiffness systems with osteosarcoma cell biological functions to construct an integrated gradient biomechanical signal-tailored osteosarcoma model(IGBSTOM).We achieved this by printing a fibrinogen bioink containing calcium ions and osteosarcoma tumor spheroids within an extracellular matrix composed of methacryloylated alginate,methacryloylated gelatin,thrombin,and transglutaminase,which is rich in polysaccharides and proteins and exhibits self-healing properties.Our in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the IGBSTOM enhanced tumor stemness,proliferation,and migration,and successfully reproduced the nest-like structure of tumors,providing an in vitro research platform that is more similar to the natural tumor than the existing models.This study proposes a novel IGBSTOM construction and provides a new strategy for the clinical understanding of tumor development,drug screening,and exploration of drug resistance and metastasis mechanisms.
文摘Aromatic-aliphatic polyols were obtained previously from the thiol-ene reactions of propoxylated cardanol with hydroxyalkyl mercaptans;these aromatic-aliphatic polyols were then utilized in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with excellent properties.The current work describes a variant of cardanol polyol synthesis by thiol-ene reactions in three steps.The first step is propoxylation of cardanol by reacting cardanol with propylene oxide;the second step is mercaptanization of propoxylated cardanol by reacting double bonds with hydrogen sulfide;and the third step involves the addition of the thiol groups of mercaptanized propoxylated cardanol to the double bonds of allyl alcohol,glycerol-1-allyl ether,and trimethylolpropane allyl ether.Thus,obtained polyols were characterized by standard analytical methods.Rigid polyurethane foams prepared from these polyols show promising physical-mechanical properties.The rigid polyurethane foams can be used for various applications such as thermo-insulation of freezers,storage tanks and pipes for food and chemical industries,wood substitutes and flotation materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51922004,51874037)State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing,China(Nos.2019Z-14,2020Z-04,2021Z-03)+7 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.FRF-TP-19005C1Z,06500236)Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB,China(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,FRF-IDRY-20-023)Postdoctor Research Foundation of Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing,China(No.2022BH001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M700377)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2212035)the support from the European Commission via the H2020 MSCA RISE BAMOS program(No.734156)Innovate UK via Newton Fund(No.102872)Engineering and Physical Science Research Council(EPSRC)via DTP case programme(No.EP/T517793/1)。
