Digital technologies are becoming present and essential in all sectors of our lives.In education,the intensive usage of digital learning devices contributes to generating a large amount of trace data from digital lear...Digital technologies are becoming present and essential in all sectors of our lives.In education,the intensive usage of digital learning devices contributes to generating a large amount of trace data from digital learning activities.Intelligent exploitation of these traces represents a valuable asset for both device producers(to improve the design of the devices)and consumers(learners and teachers).In this paper,we first share our vision for better exploitation by teachers,of traces from middle schoolers’digital activities generated by their use of tools and digital learning services during different classes.This vision is a part of the AT41 project funded by the French Ministry of Education.This exploitation has to meet the requirements of the different teachers.Conducting such a project is not an easy task,because it has to consider the following issues:①the lack of comprehensive and clear methodology to design and exploit these traces;①heterogeneity of teacher requirements that complicates their elicitation and analysis;①the diversity of trace sources.Secondly,we propose a requirement-driven architecture for Learning Analytics composed of a well-identified life cycle.This architecture is augmented by learner traces.It offers a repository storing both teacher requirements and traces to facilitate the Learning Analytics in generating relevant and valuable indicators.展开更多
Objective: The use of animal models of aortic stenosis(AS) remains essential to further elucidate its pathophysiology and to evaluate new therapeutic strategies. The waved-2 mouse AS model has been proposed;data have ...Objective: The use of animal models of aortic stenosis(AS) remains essential to further elucidate its pathophysiology and to evaluate new therapeutic strategies. The waved-2 mouse AS model has been proposed;data have indicated that while aortic regurgitation(AR) is effectively induced, development of AS is rare.We aimed to evaluate the effect of high-fat diet(HFD) and vitamin D_3 supplementation in this model.Methods: HFD and subcutaneous vitamin D_3 injections were initiated at the age of 6 weeks until the age of 6(n = 16, 6-month treatment group) and 9(n = 11, 9-month treatment group) months. Twelve waved-2 mice without supplementation were used as control. Echocardiography was performed at 3, 6 and 9 months. Blood serum analysis(calcium, 1,25(OH)_2D_3 and cholesterol), histology and immunohistochemistry(CD-31, CD-68 and osteopontin) were evaluated at the end of the experiment(6 or 9 months).Results: Total cholesterol and 1,25(OH)_2D_3 were significantly increased relative to the control group. HFD and vitamin D_3 supplementation did result in improvements to the model, since AS was only detected in 6(15.3%) mice(2 in the 3 groups) and AR was developed in the remaining animals. Echocardiographic parameters, fibrosis, thickness, inflammation and valvular calcification, were not significantly different between the 6-month treatment and control groups. Similar results were also observed in the 9-month treatment group.Conclusion: These results suggest that HFD and vitamin D_3 supplementation have no effect in the waved-2 mouse model. This model essentially mimics AR and rarely AS. Further studies are needed to find a reliable animal model of AS.展开更多
文摘Digital technologies are becoming present and essential in all sectors of our lives.In education,the intensive usage of digital learning devices contributes to generating a large amount of trace data from digital learning activities.Intelligent exploitation of these traces represents a valuable asset for both device producers(to improve the design of the devices)and consumers(learners and teachers).In this paper,we first share our vision for better exploitation by teachers,of traces from middle schoolers’digital activities generated by their use of tools and digital learning services during different classes.This vision is a part of the AT41 project funded by the French Ministry of Education.This exploitation has to meet the requirements of the different teachers.Conducting such a project is not an easy task,because it has to consider the following issues:①the lack of comprehensive and clear methodology to design and exploit these traces;①heterogeneity of teacher requirements that complicates their elicitation and analysis;①the diversity of trace sources.Secondly,we propose a requirement-driven architecture for Learning Analytics composed of a well-identified life cycle.This architecture is augmented by learner traces.It offers a repository storing both teacher requirements and traces to facilitate the Learning Analytics in generating relevant and valuable indicators.
基金supported by the French Government,managed by the National Research Agency(ANR)under the program‘‘Investissements d’avenir" with the reference ANR-16-RHUS-0003(RHU project ‘‘Search Treatment and Improve Outcome of Patients with Aortic Stenosis"(STOP-AS)-Hélène Eltchaninoff)Bérénice Colleville’s doctoral program was funded by the Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire ‘‘Early markers of cardiovascular REMODeling in Valvulopathy and Heart Failure"(REMOD-VHF)and the Rouen Normandy University
文摘Objective: The use of animal models of aortic stenosis(AS) remains essential to further elucidate its pathophysiology and to evaluate new therapeutic strategies. The waved-2 mouse AS model has been proposed;data have indicated that while aortic regurgitation(AR) is effectively induced, development of AS is rare.We aimed to evaluate the effect of high-fat diet(HFD) and vitamin D_3 supplementation in this model.Methods: HFD and subcutaneous vitamin D_3 injections were initiated at the age of 6 weeks until the age of 6(n = 16, 6-month treatment group) and 9(n = 11, 9-month treatment group) months. Twelve waved-2 mice without supplementation were used as control. Echocardiography was performed at 3, 6 and 9 months. Blood serum analysis(calcium, 1,25(OH)_2D_3 and cholesterol), histology and immunohistochemistry(CD-31, CD-68 and osteopontin) were evaluated at the end of the experiment(6 or 9 months).Results: Total cholesterol and 1,25(OH)_2D_3 were significantly increased relative to the control group. HFD and vitamin D_3 supplementation did result in improvements to the model, since AS was only detected in 6(15.3%) mice(2 in the 3 groups) and AR was developed in the remaining animals. Echocardiographic parameters, fibrosis, thickness, inflammation and valvular calcification, were not significantly different between the 6-month treatment and control groups. Similar results were also observed in the 9-month treatment group.Conclusion: These results suggest that HFD and vitamin D_3 supplementation have no effect in the waved-2 mouse model. This model essentially mimics AR and rarely AS. Further studies are needed to find a reliable animal model of AS.
