Background: The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (FA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing and they often occur together and constitute a high risk of thrombosis. Rivaroxaban is a Factor Xa inhibitor with a ...Background: The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (FA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing and they often occur together and constitute a high risk of thrombosis. Rivaroxaban is a Factor Xa inhibitor with a rapid onset and disappearance of action after oral administration;it acts by inhibiting the active form of the coagulation factor. In order to reflect the effect of the action of Rivaroxaban, we used the prothrombin time (PT);however, it′s not the most accurate, but it is the one available in our community. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, analyst-blinded, parallel group clinical study to verify the efficacy of Rivaroxaban Leti 20 mg (RL) (12 volunteers vs Rivaroxaban Bayer 20 mg (RB) (13 volunteers). The variables were determination of PT and Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) at baseline and at 24, 48 and 72 hours after administering a daily dose of 20 mg for three days. The determination was carried out with the IDG method (Integrated Diagnostics Group Sanzay Corporation) with an International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.17 PT and aPTT were taken before the first dose, and then, every day during the next 3 days, three hours after the ingestion of their daily dose at 7 am. Results: The 25 healthy volunteers were similar in age, BMI, and SBP/DBP level with a greater number of men in the Bayer group. The efficacy of rivaroxaban was similar in both groups with prolongation of PTT to the 2nd day of treatment with PT, and percentage changes from baseline (14.46 ± 0.97 for RB vs 14.17 ± 0.94 RL p: 0.45), PTT results and percentage changes from the base (RB: 34 ± 4.53 RL: 33.46 ± 2.82). The safety of rivaroxaban was good in both groups with no serious adverse events. The equivalence in the logarithmically transformed PT result (ln) on day two, Mean and CI (90%) 99.2 (94.4-104) and 100 (99.5-100.8);neither the means nor the 90% confidence intervals of the PT variable transformed logarithmically to ensure its normality, were far from the 80%-125% allowed for declaration of similarity. Conclusion: The test formulation Rivaroxaban Asarap<sup>?</sup> 20 mg, manufactured by Leti Laboratories, is interchangeable or bioequivalent in clinical and laboratory response to the reference formulation Xarelto<sup>?</sup> manufactured by Bayer Laboratories.展开更多
Postoperative pain is an acute pain that appears due to the surgical act, reaching its maximum intensity in the first 24 - 48 hours after surgery. Postoperative pain control reduces possible postoperative complication...Postoperative pain is an acute pain that appears due to the surgical act, reaching its maximum intensity in the first 24 - 48 hours after surgery. Postoperative pain control reduces possible postoperative complications, as well as the patient’s stay in the medical institution. Objective: This study compared the effectiveness and side effects of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) with IV morphine in the control of postoperative pain. Methods: Seventy-three patients (Fentanyl group: 27, morphine group: 46) were included. Changes in pain were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Pain Relief Scale, Pain Intensity Differences (PID), Sum of Pain Intensity Differences (SPID), and Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR). At time zero, 15, 30, 45 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h. Results: The decrease in pain intensity measured by VAS was similar in both groups with no significant differences at any of the measurement points. Both products produced a significant increase in the Pain Relief scale, with no differences between groups at any of the measurement times. There were no differences between groups when comparing PID. Comparing SPID between groups, there were no differences at 15, 30 minutes, then there were significant differences in favor of the Fentanyl group up to 6 hours. Both products produced a significant increase in the TOPAR scale, with no differences between groups at any of the measurement times. The appearance of adverse effects was similar in both groups. Conclusions: Both products produced a significant reduction in the measures of pain intensity (VAS), increase of SPID, as well as a significant increase in the Pain Relief scale, a significant increase in the TOPAR scale, with no differences between the groups. The number of adverse effects was similar. The convenience of OTFC administration allows its administration without the special conditions needed for the administration of IV morphine.展开更多
Understanding the mechanisms of gas transport and the resulting preferential pathways formation through bentonite-based barriers is essential for their performance evaluation.In this experimental study,gas migration w...Understanding the mechanisms of gas transport and the resulting preferential pathways formation through bentonite-based barriers is essential for their performance evaluation.In this experimental study,gas migration within a heterogenous mixture of MX80 bentonite pellets and powder with a ratio of 80/20 in dry mass was investigated.A novel X-ray transparent constant volume cell has been developed to assess the effect of gas pressure,material heterogeneities,and water vapor gas saturation on breakthrough pressure and gas pathways.The new cell allows to perform high-resolution X-ray computed micro-tomography(X-ray μCT)scans to track microstructural changes during different phases of saturation and gas injection.Experimental results showed that the gas breakthrough occurred when the pressure was raised to 3 MPa.This is slightly higher than the expected swelling pressure(2.9 MPa)of the bentonite sample.Each gas injection was followed by a long resaturation phase restoring material homogeneity at μCT resolution scale(16 mm).However,the elapsed time needed for gas to breakthrough at 3 MPa diminished at each subsequent injection test.X-ray μCT results also revealed the opening of the specimen/cell wall interface during gas passage.This opening expanded as the injection pressure increased.The gas flow along the interface was associated with the development of dilatant pathways inside the sample,although they did not reach the outlet surface.It was observed that the water vapor gas saturation had no effect on the breakthrough pressure.These findings enhance the understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying microstructural evolution and gas pathway development within the highly heterogeneous mixture.The experimental outcomes highlight the effectiveness of X-ray μCT to improve quality protocols for engineering design and safety assessments of engineered barriers.展开更多
In this paper,the stability of the results of ultrasonic wood surface modification after long-term storage,including macroscopic properties and microstructure of specimens,was investigated.Specimens of aspen wood(Popu...In this paper,the stability of the results of ultrasonic wood surface modification after long-term storage,including macroscopic properties and microstructure of specimens,was investigated.Specimens of aspen wood(Populus tremula)were processed by the developed ultrasonic method of wood surface modification in three different treatment modes and the surface hardness of the specimens was evaluated after processing and after storing the specimens for more than 5 years since long-term stability is an important factor for the use of ultrasonically modified sawn timber as construction and finishing materials.The obtained results of surface hardness measurements by the Leeb method showed that the decrease in hardness after long-term storage is approximately 6.6%for the lowest degree of treatment and approximately 3.4%and 2.4%for medium and high degrees of treatment,taking into account the fact of the average increase in surface hardness approximately 2–4 times,this decrease is insignificant.The internal structure of the specimens after storage was studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM),and deformations of the wood surface layer without damage or rupture were analyzed.The derived stable results confirm the potential of the ultrasonic method for wood surface modification.展开更多
In Switzerland,the Opalinus Clay has been selected as a potential host rock for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste due to its low hydraulic conductivity and favorable swelling properties.During the oper...In Switzerland,the Opalinus Clay has been selected as a potential host rock for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste due to its low hydraulic conductivity and favorable swelling properties.During the operational phase of the repository,the host rock will be exposed to pH values as high as 13.5 due to concrete degradation,which will certainly affect its hydraulic properties.This study investigates the effect of pH increase on the water retention properties of Opalinus Clay.A series of samples from the lower sandy facies of the Mont Terri site in Switzerland,at initial dry state,were exposed to a hyperalkaline solution of pH=13.5 and to the synthetic water of pH=7.5 at different water contents.After equilibrium,the total suction was measured with a dew point potentiometer and microstructural analyses were conducted via mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)and nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique.It was found that the total suction decreased with hydration and pH increase.Since the two investigated solutions have the same osmotic suction,the decrease in total suction was attributed to the decrease in matric suction.Indeed,the total porosity increased with saturation and pH increase.This was confirmed by MIP data that evidenced an increase in the proportion of macropores,and by Barret eJoynereHalenda(BJH)data that showed mesopore generation.The specific surface area(SSA)also increased.The previous results were due to mineral hydration and,exclusively in the case of alkaline solution,to(1)the dissolution of quartz and calcite and(2)the acid-base reactions,which were concentrated at the edges of the clay particles,leading to an increase in negatively charged groups and thus to a face-to-face association of the clay particles(dispersion),causing an increase in the repulsive forces between the clay particles.In addition,the weakening of covalent bonds led to the primary dissolution of clay minerals,i.e.silicon and aluminum detachment.展开更多
Modern trends in beam-driven radiation sources include the interaction of Cherenkov wakefields in open-ended circular waveguides with complicated dielectric linings, with a three-layer dielectric capillary recently pr...Modern trends in beam-driven radiation sources include the interaction of Cherenkov wakefields in open-ended circular waveguides with complicated dielectric linings, with a three-layer dielectric capillary recently proposed to reduce radiation divergence being a representative example [Opt. Lett. 45 5416(2020)]. We present a rigorous approach that allows for an analytical description of the electromagnetic processes that occur when the structure is excited by a single waveguide TM mode. In other words, the corresponding canonical waveguide diffraction problem is solved in a rigorous formulation. This is a continuation of our previous papers which considered simpler cases with a homogeneous or two-layer dielectric filling. Here we use the same analytical approach based on the Wiener–Hopf–Fock technique and deal with the more complicated case of a three-layer dielectric lining. Using the obtained rigorous solution, we discuss the possibility of manipulating the far-field radiation pattern using a third layer made of a low permittivity material.展开更多
This work presents an analysis of the research conducted in many countries in recent years on the so-called Gatchina discharge.The findings indicate that the Gatchina discharge exhibits the majority of the characteris...This work presents an analysis of the research conducted in many countries in recent years on the so-called Gatchina discharge.The findings indicate that the Gatchina discharge exhibits the majority of the characteristics of natural ball lightning,making it the most effective method for reproducing and studying this phenomenon.To a large extent,our new results are based on experiments performed for the first time to visualize dust particles arising in an erosive emission,as well as the formation of vortex flows.These experiments make it possible to explain the ability of the Gatchina discharge to maintain its shape for a long time in the afterglow.展开更多
Background: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) describes a condition that affects the venous system of the lower extremities due to venous hypertension (VH. The prevalence is between 5% - 30%. CVI is associated with o...Background: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) describes a condition that affects the venous system of the lower extremities due to venous hypertension (VH. The prevalence is between 5% - 30%. CVI is associated with older age, smoking, lower extremity trauma, presence of an arteriovenous shunt, and elevated estrogen levels. All patients should be initially treated with conservative management. Venoactive drugs like calcium dobesilate are useful. Objectives: The primary objective compared the clinical improvement in patients with CVI, grades 0 - 3 of the CEAP classification of chronic venous disease, produced by two formulations of calcium dobesilate: calcium dobesilate LP 1 g OD vs calcium dobesilate 500 mg BID, immediate release. The secondary objective assessed the side effects of both formulations. Method: All patients took one tablet and one capsule at 7 am, and one capsule at 7 pm, for 8 weeks. One group received dobesilate 1 g OD and the other group received dobesilate 500 md BID. They were evaluated after 15, 30 and 60 days of treatment, using the symptom evaluation scale. Results: In both groups, there was a significant decrease in the symptom score after 15 days. Four patients in the Dobesilate OD group: had adverse effects, which did not require suspension of treatment. In the BID dobesilate group, there was one therapeutic failure, and one case of gastric discomfort. Conclusions: Prolonged-release Calcium dobesilate 1 g OD is as effective as calcium dobesilate 500 mg BID for the treatment of patients with chronic venous insufficiency.展开更多
Herpes simplex virus type I is a cutaneous infection treated with acyclovir. The topical treatment has therapeutic challenges due to the deficient delivery of the drug through epithelial barriers. This results in an i...Herpes simplex virus type I is a cutaneous infection treated with acyclovir. The topical treatment has therapeutic challenges due to the deficient delivery of the drug through epithelial barriers. This results in an inadequate drug-virus interaction in the basal epidermis (virus replication site). For this reason, it is essential to generate drug carrier systems that overcome these limitations. In this study, we evaluated the permeation (through in vitro test Franz cells) and penetration (by ex vivo test Tape Stripping) of a topical formulation of acyclovir loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles and a conventional formulation (Aciclor®). The acyclovir solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using hot homogenization and sonication methods. The results yielded a particle size of 85 ± 2 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.24 ± 0.01, a zeta potential of −16 ± 2 mV, and 94% ± 3% of encapsulated drug. The in vitro test revealed that the permeability of acyclovir solid lipid nanoparticles formulation was superior compared to reference formulation, with values of 1473.74 ± 30.14 µg/cm2 for the solid lipid nanoparticles and 893.36 ± 38.09 µg/cm2 for the reference formulation. The ex vivo test demonstrated that acyclovir solid lipid nanoparticles exhibited superior penetrability through the stratum corneum compared to the reference formulation, with total amounts of 3767 µg for the solid lipid nanoparticles and 2162 µg for the reference formulation. These findings seem promising in advancing new effective therapies against herpes generated by herpes simplex virus type I.展开更多
A betamethasone dipropionate (BD) liposomal cream was developed to treat rheumatological, inflammatory, allergic diseases and psoriasis. BD is a corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressant. However, adver...A betamethasone dipropionate (BD) liposomal cream was developed to treat rheumatological, inflammatory, allergic diseases and psoriasis. BD is a corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressant. However, adverse effects are associated with prolonged topical use. For this reason, liposomes were loaded with BD because they offer excellent biocompatibility, bio adhesiveness, and penetrability that improve the effects caused by the conventional drug. Liposomal dispersions were prepared by emulsification using phospholipid 90 (lipid) and Tween 80 (surfactant). The particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential were measured using a particle analyzer. The betamethasone (BM) percentage of encapsulated active (EA) ingredient was also determined through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The Franz cell and tape stripping characterized these in vitro and ex vivo. Then the final formulation reached a particle size of 70.80 ± 3.31 nm, a PDI of 0.242 ± 0.038, a zeta potential of −11.68 ± 0.77 mv and encapsulate active of 83.1% ± 2.4, complying with the parameters of a nanotechnological formulation. In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed significantly efficacy of the cream over the commercial product, through the greater penetration into the pig ear skin, resulting in an improved drug. Finally, the liposomal cream demonstrated significant potential for enhanced percutaneous absorption, attributed to its nanometric size. This innovative nanotechnology approach aims to reduce the frequency of topical applications, thereby minimizing the side effects associated with psoriasis treatment.展开更多
Background: This study evaluated the bioequivalence of empagliflozin 12.5 mg/metformin 1000 mg tablets compared to Synjardy® (Empagliflozin 12.5 mg/metformin 1000 mg) tablets in healthy male subjects under fastin...Background: This study evaluated the bioequivalence of empagliflozin 12.5 mg/metformin 1000 mg tablets compared to Synjardy® (Empagliflozin 12.5 mg/metformin 1000 mg) tablets in healthy male subjects under fasting conditions. Methods: This was a phase I, randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence, crossover study to evaluate the bioequivalence (BE) profiles of two fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of empagliflozin/metformin. Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ from test and reference formulations were evaluated to access BE. The plasma concentrations were measured using a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Of the 24 subjects enrolled, 23 completed both periods of the study. The two formulations test and reference were considered bioequivalent if 90% confidence interval (CI) fell within 80.00% - 125.00% for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞. Tolerability and safety were assessed throughout the study. Results: The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were similar between the test product (T) and reference product (R) Synjardy®. The 90% CI of the test/reference ratios of log-transformed PK parameters point estimates was Cmax: 89.87% (85.68% - 94.27%), AUC0-t: 87.91% (83.65% - 92.39%) and AUC0-∞: 87.16% (82.80% - 91.75%) to empagliflozin and Cmax: 92.19% (87.95% - 96.65%), AUC0-t: 91.38% (84.42% - 98.91%) and AUC0-∞: 93.78% (83.82% - 104.93%) to metformin respectively (90% CI for all PK parameters fell within 80.00% - 125.00%). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated BE between the test and reference formulations of oral tablets of empagliflozin 12.5 mg/metformin 1000 mg (FDC) in healthy male subjects under fasting conditions.展开更多
The act of transmitting photos via the Internet has become a routine and significant activity.Enhancing the security measures to safeguard these images from counterfeiting and modifications is a critical domain that c...The act of transmitting photos via the Internet has become a routine and significant activity.Enhancing the security measures to safeguard these images from counterfeiting and modifications is a critical domain that can still be further enhanced.This study presents a system that employs a range of approaches and algorithms to ensure the security of transmitted venous images.The main goal of this work is to create a very effective system for compressing individual biometrics in order to improve the overall accuracy and security of digital photographs by means of image compression.This paper introduces a content-based image authentication mechanism that is suitable for usage across an untrusted network and resistant to data loss during transmission.By employing scale attributes and a key-dependent parametric Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),it is feasible to improve the resilience of digital signatures against image deterioration and strengthen their security against malicious actions.Furthermore,the successful implementation of transmitting biometric data in a compressed format over a wireless network has been accomplished.For applications involving the transmission and sharing of images across a network.The suggested technique utilizes the scalability of a structural digital signature to attain a satisfactory equilibrium between security and picture transfer.An effective adaptive compression strategy was created to lengthen the overall lifetime of the network by sharing the processing of responsibilities.This scheme ensures a large reduction in computational and energy requirements while minimizing image quality loss.This approach employs multi-scale characteristics to improve the resistance of signatures against image deterioration.The proposed system attained a Gaussian noise value of 98%and a rotation accuracy surpassing 99%.展开更多
To avoid carbonate precipitation for CO_(2) electrolysis,developing CO_(2) conversion in an acid electrolyte is viewed as an ultimately challenging technology.In Nature,Xia et al.recently explored a proton-exchange me...To avoid carbonate precipitation for CO_(2) electrolysis,developing CO_(2) conversion in an acid electrolyte is viewed as an ultimately challenging technology.In Nature,Xia et al.recently explored a proton-exchange membrane system for reducing CO_(2) to formic acid with a Pb±Pb SO_(4) composite catalyst derived from waste lead-acid batteries based on the lattice carbon activation mechanism.Up to 93%Faradaic efficiency was realized when formic acid was produced by this technology.展开更多
This study investigated whether liposomes could enhance the permeation and penetration of diclofenac diethylammonium. For this, a 1.16% diclofenac diethylammonium liposome gel formulation was developed (Grupo Leti, S....This study investigated whether liposomes could enhance the permeation and penetration of diclofenac diethylammonium. For this, a 1.16% diclofenac diethylammonium liposome gel formulation was developed (Grupo Leti, S.A.V.). In vitro and ex vivo tests were conducted to analyze the diffusion and penetration profiles of the formulation. The profiles obtained were compared with a commercially available product, DiAnalper gel (Pharmetique Labs). The in vitro test was assessed in a Franz diffusion cell system using a dialysis membrane. The cumulative amount of drug permeated after 24 h demonstrated a significantly (p 2, whereas the commercial formulation yielded values of 371.00 ± 3.54 μg/cm2. These findings were further supported by consistent results in the percentage of drug release, flux, and permeability coefficient, all indicating a notable improvement in diffusion associated with the liposomal gel formulation. The tape stripping assay performed on pig ear skin demonstrates a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the penetration transport of the diclofenac from liposome gel formulation (1413.95 ± 250.51 μg) and the conventional product (202.36 ± 18.07 μg) the liposomal formulation was able to cross de stratum corneum and deliver a high amount of drug to the skin. These findings demonstrated that incorporating diclofenac into a liposomal system significantly improved the drug delivery, which could confer an advantage for clinical uses.展开更多
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence of the two formulations of metformin 1000 mg XR tablets in healthy male volunteers under fasting conditions. Methods: This was a randomized, single-dose, ope...Background: This study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence of the two formulations of metformin 1000 mg XR tablets in healthy male volunteers under fasting conditions. Methods: This was a randomized, single-dose, open-label, two-period, two-sequence, crossover and single-dose study to compare the bioequivalence (BE) profile of Metformin (metformin hydrochloride) 1000 mg XR tablet of Laboratorios Leti S.A.V., with Glucophage® (metformin hydrochloride) 1000 mg XR tablet of Merck Serono GmbH in 26 adult healthy subjects. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters Cmax, AUC0−tand AUC0→∞were calculated based on the plasma drug concentration-time profile measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The safety was assessed throughout the study. The two formulations test (T) and reference (R) were considered bioequivalent if 90% confidence interval (CI) were within BE acceptance range of 80.00% - 125.00% for Cmax, AUC0−tand AUC0→∞. Results: A total of 25 subjects completed both study periods 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the test/reference ratios were Cmax: 92.30% (89.08% - 96.97%), AUC0−t: 91.83% (87.11% - 94.11%) and AUC0→∞: 91.83% (87.23% - 94.85%) to metformin 1000 mg extended release. PK parameters were within the accepted bioequivalence criteria. The results show that no significant differences were observed between the pharmacokinetic profiles of the T and R formulations. No serious adverse events were reported in this study. Conclusion: The two formulations of metformin hydrochloride 1000 mg XR were bioequivalent in healthy subjects under fasting conditions.展开更多
A new theoretical method to study super-multiperiod superlattices has been developed.The method combines the precision of the 8-band kp-method with the flexibility of the shooting method and the Monte Carlo approach.T...A new theoretical method to study super-multiperiod superlattices has been developed.The method combines the precision of the 8-band kp-method with the flexibility of the shooting method and the Monte Carlo approach.This method was applied to examine the finest quality samples of super-multiperiod Al_(0.3)Ga_(0.7)As/GaAs superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy.The express photoreflectance spectroscopy method was utilized to validate the proposed theoretical method.For the first time,the accurate theoretical analysis of the energy band diagram of super-multiperiod superlattices with experimental verification has been conducted.The proposed approach highly accurately determines transition peak positions and enables the calculation of the energy band diagram,transition energies,relaxation rates,and gain estimation.It has achieved a remarkably low 5%error compared to the commonly used method,which typically results in a 25%error,and allowed to recover the superlattice parameters.The retrieved intrinsic parameters of the samples aligned with XRD data and growth parameters.The proposed method also accurately predicted the escape of the second energy level for quantum well thicknesses less than 5 nm,as was observed in photoreflectance experiments.The new designs of THz light-emitting devices operating at room temperature were suggested by the developed method.展开更多
Real-world evidence (RWE) is clinical evidence on a medical product’s safety and efficacy that is generated using real-world data (RWD) resulting from routine healthcare delivery. This study evaluates the clinical ef...Real-world evidence (RWE) is clinical evidence on a medical product’s safety and efficacy that is generated using real-world data (RWD) resulting from routine healthcare delivery. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid in children with pharyngitis, acute otitis, or acute rhinosinusitis with suspected bacterial origin under normal office and home conditions. Methods: This was a real-life, prospective, observational, pharmacovigilance study. It included children of both sexes between 2 and 12 years old, with a diagnosis of Rhinopharyngitis (tonsillitis), Acute Otitis Media and Rhinosinusitis. The main effectiveness variable evaluated was reduction and time to resolution of symptoms. All patients received Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid suspension 600 mg/42.9 mg/5 mL at a dose of 90 mg/Kg/day in two doses, every 12 hours for 7 days. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning, at 72 hours (3rd day) and at 7 days. All patients underwent culture and antibiogram. Results: The majority of cultures were negative for pathogenic germs, suspecting unidentifiable germs, or viral etiology despite the rigorous selection of subjects following validated scores. The most frequently isolated germ was Staphylococcus aureus;growth of gram-negative bacteria was reported in 33.33% of the cultures. There was a significant improvement in symptoms in children with tonsillitis and rhinosinusitis from the first 72 hours of treatment, persisting until the 7 days. In the otitis media group, returning to normal by the tenth day. During the conduction of this investigation, no adverse effects associated with the prescribed therapy were reported.展开更多
Cellulose, the most abundant organic polymer on Earth, is a sustainable source of carbon to use as a negative electrode for sodium ion batteries. Here, hard carbons(HC) prepared by cellulose pyrolysis were investigate...Cellulose, the most abundant organic polymer on Earth, is a sustainable source of carbon to use as a negative electrode for sodium ion batteries. Here, hard carbons(HC) prepared by cellulose pyrolysis were investigated with varying pyrolysis temperature from 700 °C to 1600 °C. Characterisation methods such as Small Angle X-ray Scattering(SAXS) measurements and N2adsorption were performed to analyse porosity differences between the samples. The graphene sheet arrangements were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM): an ordering of the graphene sheets is observed at temperatures above 1150 °C and small crystalline domains appear over 1400 °C. As the graphene sheets start to align, the BET surface area decreases and the micropore size increases. To correlate hard carbon structures and electrochemical performances, different tests in Na//HC cells with 1 M NaPF6ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate(EC/DMC) were performed. Samples pyrolysed from 1300 °C to 1600 °C showed a 300 m Ah/g reversible capacity at C/10 rate(where C = 372 mA/g) with an excellent stability in cycling and a very good initial Coulombic efficiency of up to 84%. Furthermore, hard carbons showed an excellent rate capability where sodium extraction rate varies from C/10 to 5C. At 5C more than 80% of reversible capacity remains stable for hard carbons synthesized from 1000 °C to 1600 °C.展开更多
1 Introduction Inflammation is one of the main mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,and the interest to the evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers in coronary artery disease(CAD)has been increasing over th...1 Introduction Inflammation is one of the main mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,and the interest to the evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers in coronary artery disease(CAD)has been increasing over the last decade.[1,2]Destabilization of chronic artery plaques,which leads to acute coronary syndromes,has been associated with inflammatory status.[1,3]。展开更多
文摘Background: The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (FA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing and they often occur together and constitute a high risk of thrombosis. Rivaroxaban is a Factor Xa inhibitor with a rapid onset and disappearance of action after oral administration;it acts by inhibiting the active form of the coagulation factor. In order to reflect the effect of the action of Rivaroxaban, we used the prothrombin time (PT);however, it′s not the most accurate, but it is the one available in our community. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, analyst-blinded, parallel group clinical study to verify the efficacy of Rivaroxaban Leti 20 mg (RL) (12 volunteers vs Rivaroxaban Bayer 20 mg (RB) (13 volunteers). The variables were determination of PT and Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) at baseline and at 24, 48 and 72 hours after administering a daily dose of 20 mg for three days. The determination was carried out with the IDG method (Integrated Diagnostics Group Sanzay Corporation) with an International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.17 PT and aPTT were taken before the first dose, and then, every day during the next 3 days, three hours after the ingestion of their daily dose at 7 am. Results: The 25 healthy volunteers were similar in age, BMI, and SBP/DBP level with a greater number of men in the Bayer group. The efficacy of rivaroxaban was similar in both groups with prolongation of PTT to the 2nd day of treatment with PT, and percentage changes from baseline (14.46 ± 0.97 for RB vs 14.17 ± 0.94 RL p: 0.45), PTT results and percentage changes from the base (RB: 34 ± 4.53 RL: 33.46 ± 2.82). The safety of rivaroxaban was good in both groups with no serious adverse events. The equivalence in the logarithmically transformed PT result (ln) on day two, Mean and CI (90%) 99.2 (94.4-104) and 100 (99.5-100.8);neither the means nor the 90% confidence intervals of the PT variable transformed logarithmically to ensure its normality, were far from the 80%-125% allowed for declaration of similarity. Conclusion: The test formulation Rivaroxaban Asarap<sup>?</sup> 20 mg, manufactured by Leti Laboratories, is interchangeable or bioequivalent in clinical and laboratory response to the reference formulation Xarelto<sup>?</sup> manufactured by Bayer Laboratories.
文摘Postoperative pain is an acute pain that appears due to the surgical act, reaching its maximum intensity in the first 24 - 48 hours after surgery. Postoperative pain control reduces possible postoperative complications, as well as the patient’s stay in the medical institution. Objective: This study compared the effectiveness and side effects of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) with IV morphine in the control of postoperative pain. Methods: Seventy-three patients (Fentanyl group: 27, morphine group: 46) were included. Changes in pain were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Pain Relief Scale, Pain Intensity Differences (PID), Sum of Pain Intensity Differences (SPID), and Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR). At time zero, 15, 30, 45 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h. Results: The decrease in pain intensity measured by VAS was similar in both groups with no significant differences at any of the measurement points. Both products produced a significant increase in the Pain Relief scale, with no differences between groups at any of the measurement times. There were no differences between groups when comparing PID. Comparing SPID between groups, there were no differences at 15, 30 minutes, then there were significant differences in favor of the Fentanyl group up to 6 hours. Both products produced a significant increase in the TOPAR scale, with no differences between groups at any of the measurement times. The appearance of adverse effects was similar in both groups. Conclusions: Both products produced a significant reduction in the measures of pain intensity (VAS), increase of SPID, as well as a significant increase in the Pain Relief scale, a significant increase in the TOPAR scale, with no differences between the groups. The number of adverse effects was similar. The convenience of OTFC administration allows its administration without the special conditions needed for the administration of IV morphine.
基金funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program European Joint Program on RadioactiveWaste Management(EURAD)(2019e2024)WP-Gas‘Mechanistic understanding of gas transport in clay materials’under Grant agreement No.847593.
文摘Understanding the mechanisms of gas transport and the resulting preferential pathways formation through bentonite-based barriers is essential for their performance evaluation.In this experimental study,gas migration within a heterogenous mixture of MX80 bentonite pellets and powder with a ratio of 80/20 in dry mass was investigated.A novel X-ray transparent constant volume cell has been developed to assess the effect of gas pressure,material heterogeneities,and water vapor gas saturation on breakthrough pressure and gas pathways.The new cell allows to perform high-resolution X-ray computed micro-tomography(X-ray μCT)scans to track microstructural changes during different phases of saturation and gas injection.Experimental results showed that the gas breakthrough occurred when the pressure was raised to 3 MPa.This is slightly higher than the expected swelling pressure(2.9 MPa)of the bentonite sample.Each gas injection was followed by a long resaturation phase restoring material homogeneity at μCT resolution scale(16 mm).However,the elapsed time needed for gas to breakthrough at 3 MPa diminished at each subsequent injection test.X-ray μCT results also revealed the opening of the specimen/cell wall interface during gas passage.This opening expanded as the injection pressure increased.The gas flow along the interface was associated with the development of dilatant pathways inside the sample,although they did not reach the outlet surface.It was observed that the water vapor gas saturation had no effect on the breakthrough pressure.These findings enhance the understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying microstructural evolution and gas pathway development within the highly heterogeneous mixture.The experimental outcomes highlight the effectiveness of X-ray μCT to improve quality protocols for engineering design and safety assessments of engineered barriers.
文摘In this paper,the stability of the results of ultrasonic wood surface modification after long-term storage,including macroscopic properties and microstructure of specimens,was investigated.Specimens of aspen wood(Populus tremula)were processed by the developed ultrasonic method of wood surface modification in three different treatment modes and the surface hardness of the specimens was evaluated after processing and after storing the specimens for more than 5 years since long-term stability is an important factor for the use of ultrasonically modified sawn timber as construction and finishing materials.The obtained results of surface hardness measurements by the Leeb method showed that the decrease in hardness after long-term storage is approximately 6.6%for the lowest degree of treatment and approximately 3.4%and 2.4%for medium and high degrees of treatment,taking into account the fact of the average increase in surface hardness approximately 2–4 times,this decrease is insignificant.The internal structure of the specimens after storage was studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM),and deformations of the wood surface layer without damage or rupture were analyzed.The derived stable results confirm the potential of the ultrasonic method for wood surface modification.
文摘In Switzerland,the Opalinus Clay has been selected as a potential host rock for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste due to its low hydraulic conductivity and favorable swelling properties.During the operational phase of the repository,the host rock will be exposed to pH values as high as 13.5 due to concrete degradation,which will certainly affect its hydraulic properties.This study investigates the effect of pH increase on the water retention properties of Opalinus Clay.A series of samples from the lower sandy facies of the Mont Terri site in Switzerland,at initial dry state,were exposed to a hyperalkaline solution of pH=13.5 and to the synthetic water of pH=7.5 at different water contents.After equilibrium,the total suction was measured with a dew point potentiometer and microstructural analyses were conducted via mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)and nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique.It was found that the total suction decreased with hydration and pH increase.Since the two investigated solutions have the same osmotic suction,the decrease in total suction was attributed to the decrease in matric suction.Indeed,the total porosity increased with saturation and pH increase.This was confirmed by MIP data that evidenced an increase in the proportion of macropores,and by Barret eJoynereHalenda(BJH)data that showed mesopore generation.The specific surface area(SSA)also increased.The previous results were due to mineral hydration and,exclusively in the case of alkaline solution,to(1)the dissolution of quartz and calcite and(2)the acid-base reactions,which were concentrated at the edges of the clay particles,leading to an increase in negatively charged groups and thus to a face-to-face association of the clay particles(dispersion),causing an increase in the repulsive forces between the clay particles.In addition,the weakening of covalent bonds led to the primary dissolution of clay minerals,i.e.silicon and aluminum detachment.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(Grant No.18-72-10137)。
文摘Modern trends in beam-driven radiation sources include the interaction of Cherenkov wakefields in open-ended circular waveguides with complicated dielectric linings, with a three-layer dielectric capillary recently proposed to reduce radiation divergence being a representative example [Opt. Lett. 45 5416(2020)]. We present a rigorous approach that allows for an analytical description of the electromagnetic processes that occur when the structure is excited by a single waveguide TM mode. In other words, the corresponding canonical waveguide diffraction problem is solved in a rigorous formulation. This is a continuation of our previous papers which considered simpler cases with a homogeneous or two-layer dielectric filling. Here we use the same analytical approach based on the Wiener–Hopf–Fock technique and deal with the more complicated case of a three-layer dielectric lining. Using the obtained rigorous solution, we discuss the possibility of manipulating the far-field radiation pattern using a third layer made of a low permittivity material.
基金supported by Province Key R&D Program of Heilongjiang(No.JD22A005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12175050 and 12205067)。
文摘This work presents an analysis of the research conducted in many countries in recent years on the so-called Gatchina discharge.The findings indicate that the Gatchina discharge exhibits the majority of the characteristics of natural ball lightning,making it the most effective method for reproducing and studying this phenomenon.To a large extent,our new results are based on experiments performed for the first time to visualize dust particles arising in an erosive emission,as well as the formation of vortex flows.These experiments make it possible to explain the ability of the Gatchina discharge to maintain its shape for a long time in the afterglow.
文摘Background: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) describes a condition that affects the venous system of the lower extremities due to venous hypertension (VH. The prevalence is between 5% - 30%. CVI is associated with older age, smoking, lower extremity trauma, presence of an arteriovenous shunt, and elevated estrogen levels. All patients should be initially treated with conservative management. Venoactive drugs like calcium dobesilate are useful. Objectives: The primary objective compared the clinical improvement in patients with CVI, grades 0 - 3 of the CEAP classification of chronic venous disease, produced by two formulations of calcium dobesilate: calcium dobesilate LP 1 g OD vs calcium dobesilate 500 mg BID, immediate release. The secondary objective assessed the side effects of both formulations. Method: All patients took one tablet and one capsule at 7 am, and one capsule at 7 pm, for 8 weeks. One group received dobesilate 1 g OD and the other group received dobesilate 500 md BID. They were evaluated after 15, 30 and 60 days of treatment, using the symptom evaluation scale. Results: In both groups, there was a significant decrease in the symptom score after 15 days. Four patients in the Dobesilate OD group: had adverse effects, which did not require suspension of treatment. In the BID dobesilate group, there was one therapeutic failure, and one case of gastric discomfort. Conclusions: Prolonged-release Calcium dobesilate 1 g OD is as effective as calcium dobesilate 500 mg BID for the treatment of patients with chronic venous insufficiency.
文摘Herpes simplex virus type I is a cutaneous infection treated with acyclovir. The topical treatment has therapeutic challenges due to the deficient delivery of the drug through epithelial barriers. This results in an inadequate drug-virus interaction in the basal epidermis (virus replication site). For this reason, it is essential to generate drug carrier systems that overcome these limitations. In this study, we evaluated the permeation (through in vitro test Franz cells) and penetration (by ex vivo test Tape Stripping) of a topical formulation of acyclovir loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles and a conventional formulation (Aciclor®). The acyclovir solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using hot homogenization and sonication methods. The results yielded a particle size of 85 ± 2 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.24 ± 0.01, a zeta potential of −16 ± 2 mV, and 94% ± 3% of encapsulated drug. The in vitro test revealed that the permeability of acyclovir solid lipid nanoparticles formulation was superior compared to reference formulation, with values of 1473.74 ± 30.14 µg/cm2 for the solid lipid nanoparticles and 893.36 ± 38.09 µg/cm2 for the reference formulation. The ex vivo test demonstrated that acyclovir solid lipid nanoparticles exhibited superior penetrability through the stratum corneum compared to the reference formulation, with total amounts of 3767 µg for the solid lipid nanoparticles and 2162 µg for the reference formulation. These findings seem promising in advancing new effective therapies against herpes generated by herpes simplex virus type I.
文摘A betamethasone dipropionate (BD) liposomal cream was developed to treat rheumatological, inflammatory, allergic diseases and psoriasis. BD is a corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressant. However, adverse effects are associated with prolonged topical use. For this reason, liposomes were loaded with BD because they offer excellent biocompatibility, bio adhesiveness, and penetrability that improve the effects caused by the conventional drug. Liposomal dispersions were prepared by emulsification using phospholipid 90 (lipid) and Tween 80 (surfactant). The particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential were measured using a particle analyzer. The betamethasone (BM) percentage of encapsulated active (EA) ingredient was also determined through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The Franz cell and tape stripping characterized these in vitro and ex vivo. Then the final formulation reached a particle size of 70.80 ± 3.31 nm, a PDI of 0.242 ± 0.038, a zeta potential of −11.68 ± 0.77 mv and encapsulate active of 83.1% ± 2.4, complying with the parameters of a nanotechnological formulation. In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed significantly efficacy of the cream over the commercial product, through the greater penetration into the pig ear skin, resulting in an improved drug. Finally, the liposomal cream demonstrated significant potential for enhanced percutaneous absorption, attributed to its nanometric size. This innovative nanotechnology approach aims to reduce the frequency of topical applications, thereby minimizing the side effects associated with psoriasis treatment.
文摘Background: This study evaluated the bioequivalence of empagliflozin 12.5 mg/metformin 1000 mg tablets compared to Synjardy® (Empagliflozin 12.5 mg/metformin 1000 mg) tablets in healthy male subjects under fasting conditions. Methods: This was a phase I, randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence, crossover study to evaluate the bioequivalence (BE) profiles of two fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of empagliflozin/metformin. Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ from test and reference formulations were evaluated to access BE. The plasma concentrations were measured using a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Of the 24 subjects enrolled, 23 completed both periods of the study. The two formulations test and reference were considered bioequivalent if 90% confidence interval (CI) fell within 80.00% - 125.00% for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞. Tolerability and safety were assessed throughout the study. Results: The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were similar between the test product (T) and reference product (R) Synjardy®. The 90% CI of the test/reference ratios of log-transformed PK parameters point estimates was Cmax: 89.87% (85.68% - 94.27%), AUC0-t: 87.91% (83.65% - 92.39%) and AUC0-∞: 87.16% (82.80% - 91.75%) to empagliflozin and Cmax: 92.19% (87.95% - 96.65%), AUC0-t: 91.38% (84.42% - 98.91%) and AUC0-∞: 93.78% (83.82% - 104.93%) to metformin respectively (90% CI for all PK parameters fell within 80.00% - 125.00%). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated BE between the test and reference formulations of oral tablets of empagliflozin 12.5 mg/metformin 1000 mg (FDC) in healthy male subjects under fasting conditions.
文摘The act of transmitting photos via the Internet has become a routine and significant activity.Enhancing the security measures to safeguard these images from counterfeiting and modifications is a critical domain that can still be further enhanced.This study presents a system that employs a range of approaches and algorithms to ensure the security of transmitted venous images.The main goal of this work is to create a very effective system for compressing individual biometrics in order to improve the overall accuracy and security of digital photographs by means of image compression.This paper introduces a content-based image authentication mechanism that is suitable for usage across an untrusted network and resistant to data loss during transmission.By employing scale attributes and a key-dependent parametric Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),it is feasible to improve the resilience of digital signatures against image deterioration and strengthen their security against malicious actions.Furthermore,the successful implementation of transmitting biometric data in a compressed format over a wireless network has been accomplished.For applications involving the transmission and sharing of images across a network.The suggested technique utilizes the scalability of a structural digital signature to attain a satisfactory equilibrium between security and picture transfer.An effective adaptive compression strategy was created to lengthen the overall lifetime of the network by sharing the processing of responsibilities.This scheme ensures a large reduction in computational and energy requirements while minimizing image quality loss.This approach employs multi-scale characteristics to improve the resistance of signatures against image deterioration.The proposed system attained a Gaussian noise value of 98%and a rotation accuracy surpassing 99%.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22268003)。
文摘To avoid carbonate precipitation for CO_(2) electrolysis,developing CO_(2) conversion in an acid electrolyte is viewed as an ultimately challenging technology.In Nature,Xia et al.recently explored a proton-exchange membrane system for reducing CO_(2) to formic acid with a Pb±Pb SO_(4) composite catalyst derived from waste lead-acid batteries based on the lattice carbon activation mechanism.Up to 93%Faradaic efficiency was realized when formic acid was produced by this technology.
文摘This study investigated whether liposomes could enhance the permeation and penetration of diclofenac diethylammonium. For this, a 1.16% diclofenac diethylammonium liposome gel formulation was developed (Grupo Leti, S.A.V.). In vitro and ex vivo tests were conducted to analyze the diffusion and penetration profiles of the formulation. The profiles obtained were compared with a commercially available product, DiAnalper gel (Pharmetique Labs). The in vitro test was assessed in a Franz diffusion cell system using a dialysis membrane. The cumulative amount of drug permeated after 24 h demonstrated a significantly (p 2, whereas the commercial formulation yielded values of 371.00 ± 3.54 μg/cm2. These findings were further supported by consistent results in the percentage of drug release, flux, and permeability coefficient, all indicating a notable improvement in diffusion associated with the liposomal gel formulation. The tape stripping assay performed on pig ear skin demonstrates a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the penetration transport of the diclofenac from liposome gel formulation (1413.95 ± 250.51 μg) and the conventional product (202.36 ± 18.07 μg) the liposomal formulation was able to cross de stratum corneum and deliver a high amount of drug to the skin. These findings demonstrated that incorporating diclofenac into a liposomal system significantly improved the drug delivery, which could confer an advantage for clinical uses.
文摘Background: This study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence of the two formulations of metformin 1000 mg XR tablets in healthy male volunteers under fasting conditions. Methods: This was a randomized, single-dose, open-label, two-period, two-sequence, crossover and single-dose study to compare the bioequivalence (BE) profile of Metformin (metformin hydrochloride) 1000 mg XR tablet of Laboratorios Leti S.A.V., with Glucophage® (metformin hydrochloride) 1000 mg XR tablet of Merck Serono GmbH in 26 adult healthy subjects. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters Cmax, AUC0−tand AUC0→∞were calculated based on the plasma drug concentration-time profile measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The safety was assessed throughout the study. The two formulations test (T) and reference (R) were considered bioequivalent if 90% confidence interval (CI) were within BE acceptance range of 80.00% - 125.00% for Cmax, AUC0−tand AUC0→∞. Results: A total of 25 subjects completed both study periods 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the test/reference ratios were Cmax: 92.30% (89.08% - 96.97%), AUC0−t: 91.83% (87.11% - 94.11%) and AUC0→∞: 91.83% (87.23% - 94.85%) to metformin 1000 mg extended release. PK parameters were within the accepted bioequivalence criteria. The results show that no significant differences were observed between the pharmacokinetic profiles of the T and R formulations. No serious adverse events were reported in this study. Conclusion: The two formulations of metformin hydrochloride 1000 mg XR were bioequivalent in healthy subjects under fasting conditions.
基金The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of experimental research(Nos.075-01438-22-06 and FSEE-2022-0018)the Russian Science Foundation in theoretical research(No.RSF 23-29-00216).
文摘A new theoretical method to study super-multiperiod superlattices has been developed.The method combines the precision of the 8-band kp-method with the flexibility of the shooting method and the Monte Carlo approach.This method was applied to examine the finest quality samples of super-multiperiod Al_(0.3)Ga_(0.7)As/GaAs superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy.The express photoreflectance spectroscopy method was utilized to validate the proposed theoretical method.For the first time,the accurate theoretical analysis of the energy band diagram of super-multiperiod superlattices with experimental verification has been conducted.The proposed approach highly accurately determines transition peak positions and enables the calculation of the energy band diagram,transition energies,relaxation rates,and gain estimation.It has achieved a remarkably low 5%error compared to the commonly used method,which typically results in a 25%error,and allowed to recover the superlattice parameters.The retrieved intrinsic parameters of the samples aligned with XRD data and growth parameters.The proposed method also accurately predicted the escape of the second energy level for quantum well thicknesses less than 5 nm,as was observed in photoreflectance experiments.The new designs of THz light-emitting devices operating at room temperature were suggested by the developed method.
文摘Real-world evidence (RWE) is clinical evidence on a medical product’s safety and efficacy that is generated using real-world data (RWD) resulting from routine healthcare delivery. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid in children with pharyngitis, acute otitis, or acute rhinosinusitis with suspected bacterial origin under normal office and home conditions. Methods: This was a real-life, prospective, observational, pharmacovigilance study. It included children of both sexes between 2 and 12 years old, with a diagnosis of Rhinopharyngitis (tonsillitis), Acute Otitis Media and Rhinosinusitis. The main effectiveness variable evaluated was reduction and time to resolution of symptoms. All patients received Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid suspension 600 mg/42.9 mg/5 mL at a dose of 90 mg/Kg/day in two doses, every 12 hours for 7 days. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning, at 72 hours (3rd day) and at 7 days. All patients underwent culture and antibiogram. Results: The majority of cultures were negative for pathogenic germs, suspecting unidentifiable germs, or viral etiology despite the rigorous selection of subjects following validated scores. The most frequently isolated germ was Staphylococcus aureus;growth of gram-negative bacteria was reported in 33.33% of the cultures. There was a significant improvement in symptoms in children with tonsillitis and rhinosinusitis from the first 72 hours of treatment, persisting until the 7 days. In the otitis media group, returning to normal by the tenth day. During the conduction of this investigation, no adverse effects associated with the prescribed therapy were reported.
基金supported by Direction Générale de l’Armement(DGA)
文摘Cellulose, the most abundant organic polymer on Earth, is a sustainable source of carbon to use as a negative electrode for sodium ion batteries. Here, hard carbons(HC) prepared by cellulose pyrolysis were investigated with varying pyrolysis temperature from 700 °C to 1600 °C. Characterisation methods such as Small Angle X-ray Scattering(SAXS) measurements and N2adsorption were performed to analyse porosity differences between the samples. The graphene sheet arrangements were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM): an ordering of the graphene sheets is observed at temperatures above 1150 °C and small crystalline domains appear over 1400 °C. As the graphene sheets start to align, the BET surface area decreases and the micropore size increases. To correlate hard carbon structures and electrochemical performances, different tests in Na//HC cells with 1 M NaPF6ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate(EC/DMC) were performed. Samples pyrolysed from 1300 °C to 1600 °C showed a 300 m Ah/g reversible capacity at C/10 rate(where C = 372 mA/g) with an excellent stability in cycling and a very good initial Coulombic efficiency of up to 84%. Furthermore, hard carbons showed an excellent rate capability where sodium extraction rate varies from C/10 to 5C. At 5C more than 80% of reversible capacity remains stable for hard carbons synthesized from 1000 °C to 1600 °C.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant(#MD-2314.2020.7).The authors declare no conflict of interest.
文摘1 Introduction Inflammation is one of the main mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,and the interest to the evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers in coronary artery disease(CAD)has been increasing over the last decade.[1,2]Destabilization of chronic artery plaques,which leads to acute coronary syndromes,has been associated with inflammatory status.[1,3]。
