The mechanical properties of minerals in planetary materials are not only interesting from a fundamental point of view but also critical to the development of future space missions.Here we present nanoindentation expe...The mechanical properties of minerals in planetary materials are not only interesting from a fundamental point of view but also critical to the development of future space missions.Here we present nanoindentation experiments to evaluate the hardness and reduced elastic modulus of olivine,(Mg,Fe)_(2)SiO_(4),in meteorite NWA 12008,a lunar basalt.Our experiments suggest that the olivine grains in this lunaite are softer and more elastic than their terrestrial counterparts.Also,we have performed synchrotron-based high-pressure X-ray diffraction(HP-XRD)measurements to probe the compressibility properties of olivine in this meteorite and,for comparison purposes,of three ordinary chondrites.The HP-XRD results suggest that the axial compressibility of the orthorhombic b lattice parameter of olivine relative to terrestrial olivine is higher in NWA 12008 and also in the highly-shocked Chelyabinsk meteorite.The origin of the observed differences is discussed.A simple model combining the results of both our nanoindentation and HP-XRD measurements allows us to describe the contribution of macroscopic and chemical-bond related effects,both of which are necessary to reproduce the observed elastic modulus softening.Such joint analysis of the mechanical and elastic properties of meteorites and returned samples opens up a new avenue for characterizing these highly interesting materials.展开更多
In this paper, a robust model-free controller for a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is designed. The system consists of a PV generator connected to a three-phase grid by a DC/AC converter. The control objectiv...In this paper, a robust model-free controller for a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is designed. The system consists of a PV generator connected to a three-phase grid by a DC/AC converter. The control objectives of the overall system are to extract maximum power from the PV source, to control reactive power exchange and to improve the quality of the current injected into the grid. The model-free control technique is based on the use of an ultra-local model instead of the dynamic model of the overall system. The local model is continuously updated based on a numerical differentiator using only the input–output behavior of the controlled system. The model-free controller consists of a classical feedback controller and a compensator for the effects of internal parameter changes and external disturbances. Simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the controller for grid-connected PV systems.展开更多
DüzlerçamıWildlife Reserve Area(WRA)is the last natural habitat of fallow deer(Dama dama)in the world.Fallow deer is native to Turkey,however,its geographical range is currently confined to Düzlerç...DüzlerçamıWildlife Reserve Area(WRA)is the last natural habitat of fallow deer(Dama dama)in the world.Fallow deer is native to Turkey,however,its geographical range is currently confined to DüzlerçamıWRA,Antalya.To date,a detailed habitat investigation of fallow deer dis-tribution has not been conducted.This study is vital for the last surviving populations of fallow deer in Turkey.There-fore,we studied the habitat suitability and utilization of fal-low deer in the DüzlerçamıWRA.Vegetation and wildlife inventory was surveyed across a total of 304 sample areas between 2015 and 2017.Plant species were recorded accord-ing to the Braun-Blanquet method and wildlife surveys were based on footprints,feces,and other signs of fallow deer.Classification and regression tree techniques,as well as MAXENT,were used to model vegetation and fallow deer habitat.Topographic position index,terrain ruggedness index,roughness index,elevation,and bedrock formation were also calculated and included in the models.Based on our results,we drafted a habitat protection map for fallow deer.To ensure sustainability of habitats where populations of fallow deer are found in Turkey,we developed recommen-dations such as closuring human access of the 1st-degree Protection Area and reintroduction of the species to other potential habitats.展开更多
Infertility affects about 15%of the world's population.In 40%-50%of infertile couples,a male factor underlies the problem,but in about 50%of these cases,the etiology of male infertility remains unexplained.Some cl...Infertility affects about 15%of the world's population.In 40%-50%of infertile couples,a male factor underlies the problem,but in about 50%of these cases,the etiology of male infertility remains unexplained.Some clinical data show that lifestyle interventions may contribute to male reproductive health.Cessation of unhealthy habits is suggested for preserving male fertility;there is growing evidence that most preexisting comorbidities,such as obesity and metabolic syndrome,are highly likely to have an impact on male fertility.The analysis of genetic polymorphisms implicated in metabolic activity represents one of the most exciting areas in the study of genetic causes of male infertility.Although these polymorphisms are not directly connected with male infertility,they may have a role in specific conditions associated with it,that is,metabolic disorders and oxidative stress pathway genes that are potentially associated with an increased risk of male infertility due to DNA and cell membrane damage.Some studies have examined the impact of individual genetic differences and gene-diet interactions on male infertility,but their results have not been synthesized.We review the current research to identify genetic variants that could be tested to improve the chances of conceiving spontaneously through personalized diet and/or oral vitamin and mineral supplementation,by examining the science of genetic modifiers of dietary factors that affect nutritional status and male fertility.展开更多
Comprehensive studies of the effects of various physical and chemical variables(including heavymetals),antibiotics,and microorganisms in the environment on antibiotic resistance genes are rare.We collected sediment sa...Comprehensive studies of the effects of various physical and chemical variables(including heavymetals),antibiotics,and microorganisms in the environment on antibiotic resistance genes are rare.We collected sediment samples from the Shatian Lake aquaculture area and surrounding lakes and rivers located in Shanghai,China.The spatial distribution of sediment ARGs was assessed by metagenomic analysis that revealed 26 ARG types(510 subtypes),dominated by Multidrug,β-lactam,Aminoglycoside,Glycopeptides,Fluoroquinolone,and Tetracyline.Redundancy discriminant analysis indicated that antibiotics(SAs and MLs)in the aqueous environment and sediment along with water TN and TP were the key variables affecting the abundance distribution of total ARGs.However,the main environmental drivers and key influences differed among the different ARGs.For total ARGs,the environmental subtypes affecting their structural composition and distribution characteristics were mainly antibiotic residues.Procrustes analysis showed a significant correlation between ARGs and microbial communities in the sediment in the survey area.Network analysis revealed that most of the target ARGs were significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms,and a small number of ARGs(e.g.,rpoB,mdtC,and efpA)were highly significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms(e.g.,Knoellia,Tetrasphaera,and Gem-matirosa).Potential hosts for the major ARGs included Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Gemmatimonadetes.Our study provides new insight and a comprehensive assessment of the distribution and abundance of ARGs and the drivers of ARG occurrence and transmission.展开更多
This article addresses the concern of export performance among Moroccan SMEs through the paradigmatic lens of the resource based view （RBV） and international relationship marketing. Limited research exists on relati...This article addresses the concern of export performance among Moroccan SMEs through the paradigmatic lens of the resource based view （RBV） and international relationship marketing. Limited research exists on relational determinants of export performance, especially in developing countries. Furthermore, literature has been dominated during the last decade by the economic perspective. Yet, an increased attention has turned to the RBV as well as the relational perspective. Highlighting this gap, the study aims two objectives： First, to understand the scope and the nature of relational determinants, deemed as key resources, of export performance. Second, to examine which other internal and market factors are intervening as significant antecedents of the relational factors Drawing from a literature review outcomes and an in-depth interview endeavor conducted among 20 exporting firms＇ managers, a conceptual framework has been proposed. It＇s argued that exporting finns would reach great export performance by fostering successful cross-border inter-firm relationships. More specifically, the study highlight three main relational constructs, namely contractual governance, relational governance, and relationship performance. Linguistic abilities, attitude toward risk and export experience are suggested as managerial antecedents. While competitive intensity and market uncertainty are supposed to intervene as external antecedents Several hypotheses are suggested. The unit of analysis is a selected export venture. A further inquiry of the overall study is to offer hypotheses test throughout quantitative survey展开更多
A novel engineering thermoplastic, phenolphthalein poly(ether ether sulfone)(PES C) was blended with a commercial thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP), Vectra A950, up to 30 weight percent of TLCP. A rheom...A novel engineering thermoplastic, phenolphthalein poly(ether ether sulfone)(PES C) was blended with a commercial thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP), Vectra A950, up to 30 weight percent of TLCP. A rheometrics dynamic spectrometer (RDS Ⅱ) and a CEAST capillary rheometer, a rheoscope 1000 were employed to investigate the melt rheology and extrusion behaviour at both the low and high shearing rates. The morphologies of the blends under different shearing were observed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and correlated to the observed rheology. The principal normal stress differences measured with cone and plate geometry give a temperature independent correlation for both blend and PES C when they are plotted against shear stress. But the extrudate swell of the blends showed a strong temperature dependence at each shear stress. The concentration dependence of extrudate swell shows a contrary behaviour to that of the inorganic filled system. A reasonable hypothesis based on the relaxation and disorientation of TLCP during flowing in the capillary and exiting was given to explain it. The melt fracture was checked after extrusion from capillary and was discussed.展开更多
Objective: To develop a quantitative method of assessing cognitive anosognosia in six cognitive and two noncognitive domains.Methods: Control (n =32) and prob able Alzheimer disease(pAD) (n = 14) subjects self-estimat...Objective: To develop a quantitative method of assessing cognitive anosognosia in six cognitive and two noncognitive domains.Methods: Control (n =32) and prob able Alzheimer disease(pAD) (n = 14) subjects self-estimated memory, attention, generative behavior, naming, visuospatial skill, limb praxis, mood,and uncorrec ted vision, both before and after these abilities were assessed. Based on this e stimate and their performance the authors calculated an anosognosia ratio (AR) b y dividing the difference between estimated and actual performance by an estimat ed and actual performance sum. With perfect awareness,AR = 0. Overestimating abi lities would yield a positive AR (≤1); underestimation would yield a negative A R (≥-1). Results: Relative to controls, pAD subjects demonstrated anosognosia. Pre-testing (off-line), pAD subjects overestimated their visuospatial skill; p ost-testing (on-line), pAD subjects overestimated their memory. Control subjec ts also made selfrating errors, underestimating their attention pre-testing and overestimating limb praxis and vision post-testing. Conclusions:This anosognos ia assessment method may allow more detailed examination of distorted self-awar eness. These results suggest that screening for anosognosia in probable Alzheime r disease (pAD) should include self-estimates of visuospatial function, and tha t, in pAD, it may be useful to assess anosognosia for amnesia both before and af ter memory testing.展开更多
Rapid industrialization and urbanization along with a growing population are contributing significantly to air pollution in China.Evaluation of long-term aerosol optical depth(AOD)data from models and reanalysis,can g...Rapid industrialization and urbanization along with a growing population are contributing significantly to air pollution in China.Evaluation of long-term aerosol optical depth(AOD)data from models and reanalysis,can greatly promote understanding of spatiotemporal variations in air pollution in China.To do this,AOD(550 nm)values from 2000 to 2014 were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CIMP6),the second version of Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research,and Applications(MERRA-2),and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS;flying on the Terra satellite)combined Dark Target and Deep Blue(DTB)aerosol product.We used the TerraMODIS DTB AOD(hereafter MODIS DTB AOD)as a standard to evaluate CMIP6 Ensemble AOD(hereafter CMIP6 AOD)and MERRA-2 reanalysis AOD(hereafter MERRA-2 AOD).Results show better correlations and smaller errors between MERRA-2 and MODIS DTB AOD,than between CMIP6 and MODIS DTB AOD,in most regions of China,at both annual and seasonal scales.However,significant under-and over-estimations in the MERRA-2 and CMIP6 AOD were also observed relative to MODIS DTB AOD.The long-term(2000-2014)MODIS DTB AOD distributions show the highest AOD over the North China Plain(0.71)followed by Central China(0.69),Yangtse River Delta(0.67),Sichuan Basin(0.64),and Pearl River Delta(0.54)regions.The lowest AOD values were recorded over the Tibetan Plateau(0.13±0.01)followed by Qinghai(0.19±0.03)and the Gobi Desert(0.21±0.03).Large amounts of sand and dust particles emitted from natural sources(the Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts)may result in higher AOD in spring compared to summer,autumn,and winter.Trends were also calculated for 2000-2005,for2006-2010(when China introduced strict air pollution control policies during the 11 th Five Year Plan or FYP),and for 2011-2014(during the 12 th FYP).An increasing trend in MODIS DTB AOD was observed throughout the country during 2000-2014.The uncontrolled industrialization,urbanization,and rapid economic development that mostly occurred from 2000 to 2005 probably contributed to the overall increase in AOD.Finally,China’s air pollution control policies helped to reduce AOD in most regions of the country;this was more evident during the 12 th FYP period(2011-2014)than during the 11 th FYP period(2006-2010).Therefore this study strongly advises the authority to retain or extend these policies in the future for improving air quality.展开更多
Aim:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death.The Sonic Hedgehog(SHH)signaling pathway participates in the initiation,progression,migration,and recurrence of HCC cancer stem ...Aim:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death.The Sonic Hedgehog(SHH)signaling pathway participates in the initiation,progression,migration,and recurrence of HCC cancer stem cells.Furthermore,SHH regulates various cellular behaviors such as proliferation,differentiation,survival,self-renewal,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),and SHH autoregulation.Glioma-associated oncogene(GLI)family zinc finger are key transcription factors in the development of many organs and are deregulated in cancer.In this study,Huh-7 cells were treated with GLI-specific decoy oligodeoxynucleotide(ODN)to evaluate its anticancer impact.Methods:The transfection efficiency of GLI-specific decoy ODN was measured using fluorescent microscopy.Then,the effects of GLI-specific decoy ODN on apoptosis,viability,proliferation rate,colony formation,and migration capacities of Huh-7 cells were assessed.Furthermore,the expression of genes associated with the alteration of SHH was assessed.Results:Treatment of Huh-7 cells with GLI-specific decoy ODN decreased cell viability(56.36%±3%).Expression of certain genes such as c-MYC,SNAI2,ZEB1,and PROM1 decreased dramatically,while the expression of CDH1 increased significantly.Furthermore,the treated cells’proliferation,colony formation,and migration capacity decreased considerably.This treatment induced apoptosis in the Huh-7 cells.Conclusion:Inhibition of the SHH signaling pathway using GLI-specific decoy ODN led to a decline in the growth rate of HCC cells,decreased migration,and attenuated EMT progression.展开更多
Background We investigated outcomes in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)according to prior anticoagulation treatment with Vitamin K antagonists(VKAs),direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)or no anticoagulation.M...Background We investigated outcomes in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)according to prior anticoagulation treatment with Vitamin K antagonists(VKAs),direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)or no anticoagulation.Methods This is an individual patient data study combining two prospective national stroke registries from Switzerland and Norway(2013–2019).We included all consecutive patients with ICH from both registries.The main outcomes were favourable functional outcome(modified Rankin Scale 0–2)and mortality at 3 months.Results Among 11349 patients with ICH(mean age 73.6 years;47.6%women),1491(13.1%)were taking VKAs and 1205(10.6%)DOACs(95.2%factor Xa inhibitors).The median percentage of patients on prior anticoagulation was 23.7(IQR 22.6–25.1)with VKAs decreasing(from 18.3%to 7.6%)and DOACs increasing(from 3.0%to 18.0%)over time.Prior VKA therapy(n=209(22.3%);adjusted ORs(aOR),0.64;95%CI,0.49 to 0.84)and prior DOAC therapy(n=184(25.7%);aOR,0.64;95%CI,0.47 to 0.87)were independently associated with lower odds of favourable outcome compared with patients without anticoagulation(n=2037(38.8%)).Prior VKA therapy(n=720(49.4%);aOR,1.71;95%CI,1.41 to 2.08)and prior DOAC therapy(n=460(39.7%);aOR,1.28;95%CI,1.02 to 1.60)were independently associated with higher odds of mortality compared with patients without anticoagulation(n=2512(30.2%)).Conclusions The spectrum of anticoagulation-associated ICH changed over time.Compared with patients without prior anticoagulation,prior VKA treatment and prior DOAC treatment were independently associated with lower odds of favourable outcome and higher odds of mortality at 3.展开更多
A self-powered skin patch for the measurement of sweat conductivity is presented.The key component of the patch consists of a paper battery that is activated upon absorption of sweat.This body fluid acts as the batter...A self-powered skin patch for the measurement of sweat conductivity is presented.The key component of the patch consists of a paper battery that is activated upon absorption of sweat.This body fluid acts as the battery electrolyte,the conductivity of which has a direct impact on the battery-generated output power and voltage.This particular behaviour enables the operation of a very simple and robust conductivity sensor in direct current mode without needing an external power source.The device presented in this paper takes advantage of this new measurement method to develop a sweat patch for screening cystic fibrosis that operates with an extremely simple electronic circuit that minimizes its cost and environmental impact.The patch provides an unambiguous digital result that can be read in an electrochromic display and yields 95%sensitivity and 100%specificity when tested with artificial eccrine perspiration samples.展开更多
This work focuses on the fabrication and characterization of Chemical Field-Effect Transistor(ChemFET)gas nanosensor arrays based on single nanowire(SNW).The fabrication processes include micro and nanofabrication tec...This work focuses on the fabrication and characterization of Chemical Field-Effect Transistor(ChemFET)gas nanosensor arrays based on single nanowire(SNW).The fabrication processes include micro and nanofabrication techniques enabled by a combination of ultraviolet(UV)and e-beam lithography to build the ChemFET structure.Results show the integration and connection of SNWs across the multiple pairs of nanoelectrodes in the ChemFET by dielectrophoresis process(DEP)thanks to the incorporation of alignment windows(200-300 nm)adapted to the diameter of the NWs.Measurements of the SNW ChemFET array's output and transfer characteristics prove the influence of gate bias on the drain current regulation.Tests upon hydrogen(H_(2))and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))as analyte models of reducing and oxidizing gases show the ChemFET sensing functionality.Moreover,results demonstrate better response characteristics to H_(2)when the ChemFET operates in the subthreshold regime.The design concepts and methods proposed for fabricating the SNW-based ChemFET arrays are versatile,reproducible,and most likely adaptable to other systems where SNW arrays are required.展开更多
基金Financial support from the project PID2021-128062NB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades MCIU(doi:10.13039/501100011033)is acknowledged,as well as the Spanish program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M.The ALBA-CELLS synchrotron is acknowledged for granting beamtime at the MSPD beamline under projects 2021095390 and 2022025734.PG-T acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish MCIU through the FPI predoctoral fellowship PRE2022-104624.JS acknowledges the financial support from projects 2021-SGR-00651 and PID2020-116844RB-C21.EP-A acknowledges financial support from the LUMIO project funded by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana(2024-6-HH.0).DE thanks the financial support from Spanish MCIU under projects PID2022-138076NB-C41 and RED2022-134388-T from Generalitat Valenciana(GVA)through grants CIPROM/2021/075 and MFA/2022/007,which are part of the Advanced Materials program and is supported with funding from the European Union Next Generation EU(PRTR-C17.I1).RT and DE(PB and DE)thank GVA for the Postdoctoral Fellowship CIAPOS/2021/20(CIAPOS/2023/406).JS-M thanks the Spanish MCIU for the PRE2020-092198 fellowship.NWA 12008 has been studied within the framework of an international European consortium led by IFP.Special acknowledge to I.Weber for providing the NWA 12008 meteorite thin section.This work is part of the doctoral thesis of PG-T(Doctoral Program in Physics at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona).
文摘The mechanical properties of minerals in planetary materials are not only interesting from a fundamental point of view but also critical to the development of future space missions.Here we present nanoindentation experiments to evaluate the hardness and reduced elastic modulus of olivine,(Mg,Fe)_(2)SiO_(4),in meteorite NWA 12008,a lunar basalt.Our experiments suggest that the olivine grains in this lunaite are softer and more elastic than their terrestrial counterparts.Also,we have performed synchrotron-based high-pressure X-ray diffraction(HP-XRD)measurements to probe the compressibility properties of olivine in this meteorite and,for comparison purposes,of three ordinary chondrites.The HP-XRD results suggest that the axial compressibility of the orthorhombic b lattice parameter of olivine relative to terrestrial olivine is higher in NWA 12008 and also in the highly-shocked Chelyabinsk meteorite.The origin of the observed differences is discussed.A simple model combining the results of both our nanoindentation and HP-XRD measurements allows us to describe the contribution of macroscopic and chemical-bond related effects,both of which are necessary to reproduce the observed elastic modulus softening.Such joint analysis of the mechanical and elastic properties of meteorites and returned samples opens up a new avenue for characterizing these highly interesting materials.
文摘In this paper, a robust model-free controller for a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is designed. The system consists of a PV generator connected to a three-phase grid by a DC/AC converter. The control objectives of the overall system are to extract maximum power from the PV source, to control reactive power exchange and to improve the quality of the current injected into the grid. The model-free control technique is based on the use of an ultra-local model instead of the dynamic model of the overall system. The local model is continuously updated based on a numerical differentiator using only the input–output behavior of the controlled system. The model-free controller consists of a classical feedback controller and a compensator for the effects of internal parameter changes and external disturbances. Simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the controller for grid-connected PV systems.
基金This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TÜBİTAK)with a Grant Number of 214O248.
文摘DüzlerçamıWildlife Reserve Area(WRA)is the last natural habitat of fallow deer(Dama dama)in the world.Fallow deer is native to Turkey,however,its geographical range is currently confined to DüzlerçamıWRA,Antalya.To date,a detailed habitat investigation of fallow deer dis-tribution has not been conducted.This study is vital for the last surviving populations of fallow deer in Turkey.There-fore,we studied the habitat suitability and utilization of fal-low deer in the DüzlerçamıWRA.Vegetation and wildlife inventory was surveyed across a total of 304 sample areas between 2015 and 2017.Plant species were recorded accord-ing to the Braun-Blanquet method and wildlife surveys were based on footprints,feces,and other signs of fallow deer.Classification and regression tree techniques,as well as MAXENT,were used to model vegetation and fallow deer habitat.Topographic position index,terrain ruggedness index,roughness index,elevation,and bedrock formation were also calculated and included in the models.Based on our results,we drafted a habitat protection map for fallow deer.To ensure sustainability of habitats where populations of fallow deer are found in Turkey,we developed recommen-dations such as closuring human access of the 1st-degree Protection Area and reintroduction of the species to other potential habitats.
文摘Infertility affects about 15%of the world's population.In 40%-50%of infertile couples,a male factor underlies the problem,but in about 50%of these cases,the etiology of male infertility remains unexplained.Some clinical data show that lifestyle interventions may contribute to male reproductive health.Cessation of unhealthy habits is suggested for preserving male fertility;there is growing evidence that most preexisting comorbidities,such as obesity and metabolic syndrome,are highly likely to have an impact on male fertility.The analysis of genetic polymorphisms implicated in metabolic activity represents one of the most exciting areas in the study of genetic causes of male infertility.Although these polymorphisms are not directly connected with male infertility,they may have a role in specific conditions associated with it,that is,metabolic disorders and oxidative stress pathway genes that are potentially associated with an increased risk of male infertility due to DNA and cell membrane damage.Some studies have examined the impact of individual genetic differences and gene-diet interactions on male infertility,but their results have not been synthesized.We review the current research to identify genetic variants that could be tested to improve the chances of conceiving spontaneously through personalized diet and/or oral vitamin and mineral supplementation,by examining the science of genetic modifiers of dietary factors that affect nutritional status and male fertility.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2017ZX07207002-03)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.19050501900 and 19DZ1204504)EJ was supported by TüBITAK program BIDEB2232(No.118C250).We would also like to express our deep thanks to Anne Mette Poulsen from Aarhus University for her English assistance.
文摘Comprehensive studies of the effects of various physical and chemical variables(including heavymetals),antibiotics,and microorganisms in the environment on antibiotic resistance genes are rare.We collected sediment samples from the Shatian Lake aquaculture area and surrounding lakes and rivers located in Shanghai,China.The spatial distribution of sediment ARGs was assessed by metagenomic analysis that revealed 26 ARG types(510 subtypes),dominated by Multidrug,β-lactam,Aminoglycoside,Glycopeptides,Fluoroquinolone,and Tetracyline.Redundancy discriminant analysis indicated that antibiotics(SAs and MLs)in the aqueous environment and sediment along with water TN and TP were the key variables affecting the abundance distribution of total ARGs.However,the main environmental drivers and key influences differed among the different ARGs.For total ARGs,the environmental subtypes affecting their structural composition and distribution characteristics were mainly antibiotic residues.Procrustes analysis showed a significant correlation between ARGs and microbial communities in the sediment in the survey area.Network analysis revealed that most of the target ARGs were significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms,and a small number of ARGs(e.g.,rpoB,mdtC,and efpA)were highly significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms(e.g.,Knoellia,Tetrasphaera,and Gem-matirosa).Potential hosts for the major ARGs included Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Gemmatimonadetes.Our study provides new insight and a comprehensive assessment of the distribution and abundance of ARGs and the drivers of ARG occurrence and transmission.
文摘This article addresses the concern of export performance among Moroccan SMEs through the paradigmatic lens of the resource based view （RBV） and international relationship marketing. Limited research exists on relational determinants of export performance, especially in developing countries. Furthermore, literature has been dominated during the last decade by the economic perspective. Yet, an increased attention has turned to the RBV as well as the relational perspective. Highlighting this gap, the study aims two objectives： First, to understand the scope and the nature of relational determinants, deemed as key resources, of export performance. Second, to examine which other internal and market factors are intervening as significant antecedents of the relational factors Drawing from a literature review outcomes and an in-depth interview endeavor conducted among 20 exporting firms＇ managers, a conceptual framework has been proposed. It＇s argued that exporting finns would reach great export performance by fostering successful cross-border inter-firm relationships. More specifically, the study highlight three main relational constructs, namely contractual governance, relational governance, and relationship performance. Linguistic abilities, attitude toward risk and export experience are suggested as managerial antecedents. While competitive intensity and market uncertainty are supposed to intervene as external antecedents Several hypotheses are suggested. The unit of analysis is a selected export venture. A further inquiry of the overall study is to offer hypotheses test throughout quantitative survey
文摘A novel engineering thermoplastic, phenolphthalein poly(ether ether sulfone)(PES C) was blended with a commercial thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP), Vectra A950, up to 30 weight percent of TLCP. A rheometrics dynamic spectrometer (RDS Ⅱ) and a CEAST capillary rheometer, a rheoscope 1000 were employed to investigate the melt rheology and extrusion behaviour at both the low and high shearing rates. The morphologies of the blends under different shearing were observed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and correlated to the observed rheology. The principal normal stress differences measured with cone and plate geometry give a temperature independent correlation for both blend and PES C when they are plotted against shear stress. But the extrudate swell of the blends showed a strong temperature dependence at each shear stress. The concentration dependence of extrudate swell shows a contrary behaviour to that of the inorganic filled system. A reasonable hypothesis based on the relaxation and disorientation of TLCP during flowing in the capillary and exiting was given to explain it. The melt fracture was checked after extrusion from capillary and was discussed.
文摘Objective: To develop a quantitative method of assessing cognitive anosognosia in six cognitive and two noncognitive domains.Methods: Control (n =32) and prob able Alzheimer disease(pAD) (n = 14) subjects self-estimated memory, attention, generative behavior, naming, visuospatial skill, limb praxis, mood,and uncorrec ted vision, both before and after these abilities were assessed. Based on this e stimate and their performance the authors calculated an anosognosia ratio (AR) b y dividing the difference between estimated and actual performance by an estimat ed and actual performance sum. With perfect awareness,AR = 0. Overestimating abi lities would yield a positive AR (≤1); underestimation would yield a negative A R (≥-1). Results: Relative to controls, pAD subjects demonstrated anosognosia. Pre-testing (off-line), pAD subjects overestimated their visuospatial skill; p ost-testing (on-line), pAD subjects overestimated their memory. Control subjec ts also made selfrating errors, underestimating their attention pre-testing and overestimating limb praxis and vision post-testing. Conclusions:This anosognos ia assessment method may allow more detailed examination of distorted self-awar eness. These results suggest that screening for anosognosia in probable Alzheime r disease (pAD) should include self-estimates of visuospatial function, and tha t, in pAD, it may be useful to assess anosognosia for amnesia both before and af ter memory testing.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1400901)Jiangsu Technology Project of Nature Resources(KJXM2019042)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education for the Special Project of Jiangsu Distinguished Professor(R2018T22)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41976165)the Startup Foundation for Introduction Talent of NUIST(2017r107)。
文摘Rapid industrialization and urbanization along with a growing population are contributing significantly to air pollution in China.Evaluation of long-term aerosol optical depth(AOD)data from models and reanalysis,can greatly promote understanding of spatiotemporal variations in air pollution in China.To do this,AOD(550 nm)values from 2000 to 2014 were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CIMP6),the second version of Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research,and Applications(MERRA-2),and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS;flying on the Terra satellite)combined Dark Target and Deep Blue(DTB)aerosol product.We used the TerraMODIS DTB AOD(hereafter MODIS DTB AOD)as a standard to evaluate CMIP6 Ensemble AOD(hereafter CMIP6 AOD)and MERRA-2 reanalysis AOD(hereafter MERRA-2 AOD).Results show better correlations and smaller errors between MERRA-2 and MODIS DTB AOD,than between CMIP6 and MODIS DTB AOD,in most regions of China,at both annual and seasonal scales.However,significant under-and over-estimations in the MERRA-2 and CMIP6 AOD were also observed relative to MODIS DTB AOD.The long-term(2000-2014)MODIS DTB AOD distributions show the highest AOD over the North China Plain(0.71)followed by Central China(0.69),Yangtse River Delta(0.67),Sichuan Basin(0.64),and Pearl River Delta(0.54)regions.The lowest AOD values were recorded over the Tibetan Plateau(0.13±0.01)followed by Qinghai(0.19±0.03)and the Gobi Desert(0.21±0.03).Large amounts of sand and dust particles emitted from natural sources(the Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts)may result in higher AOD in spring compared to summer,autumn,and winter.Trends were also calculated for 2000-2005,for2006-2010(when China introduced strict air pollution control policies during the 11 th Five Year Plan or FYP),and for 2011-2014(during the 12 th FYP).An increasing trend in MODIS DTB AOD was observed throughout the country during 2000-2014.The uncontrolled industrialization,urbanization,and rapid economic development that mostly occurred from 2000 to 2005 probably contributed to the overall increase in AOD.Finally,China’s air pollution control policies helped to reduce AOD in most regions of the country;this was more evident during the 12 th FYP period(2011-2014)than during the 11 th FYP period(2006-2010).Therefore this study strongly advises the authority to retain or extend these policies in the future for improving air quality.
基金supported by grants from the Royan Institute(97000205)Bahar Tashkhis Teb Co.(BTT,9703,9809,and 9903).
文摘Aim:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death.The Sonic Hedgehog(SHH)signaling pathway participates in the initiation,progression,migration,and recurrence of HCC cancer stem cells.Furthermore,SHH regulates various cellular behaviors such as proliferation,differentiation,survival,self-renewal,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),and SHH autoregulation.Glioma-associated oncogene(GLI)family zinc finger are key transcription factors in the development of many organs and are deregulated in cancer.In this study,Huh-7 cells were treated with GLI-specific decoy oligodeoxynucleotide(ODN)to evaluate its anticancer impact.Methods:The transfection efficiency of GLI-specific decoy ODN was measured using fluorescent microscopy.Then,the effects of GLI-specific decoy ODN on apoptosis,viability,proliferation rate,colony formation,and migration capacities of Huh-7 cells were assessed.Furthermore,the expression of genes associated with the alteration of SHH was assessed.Results:Treatment of Huh-7 cells with GLI-specific decoy ODN decreased cell viability(56.36%±3%).Expression of certain genes such as c-MYC,SNAI2,ZEB1,and PROM1 decreased dramatically,while the expression of CDH1 increased significantly.Furthermore,the treated cells’proliferation,colony formation,and migration capacity decreased considerably.This treatment induced apoptosis in the Huh-7 cells.Conclusion:Inhibition of the SHH signaling pathway using GLI-specific decoy ODN led to a decline in the growth rate of HCC cells,decreased migration,and attenuated EMT progression.
文摘Background We investigated outcomes in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)according to prior anticoagulation treatment with Vitamin K antagonists(VKAs),direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)or no anticoagulation.Methods This is an individual patient data study combining two prospective national stroke registries from Switzerland and Norway(2013–2019).We included all consecutive patients with ICH from both registries.The main outcomes were favourable functional outcome(modified Rankin Scale 0–2)and mortality at 3 months.Results Among 11349 patients with ICH(mean age 73.6 years;47.6%women),1491(13.1%)were taking VKAs and 1205(10.6%)DOACs(95.2%factor Xa inhibitors).The median percentage of patients on prior anticoagulation was 23.7(IQR 22.6–25.1)with VKAs decreasing(from 18.3%to 7.6%)and DOACs increasing(from 3.0%to 18.0%)over time.Prior VKA therapy(n=209(22.3%);adjusted ORs(aOR),0.64;95%CI,0.49 to 0.84)and prior DOAC therapy(n=184(25.7%);aOR,0.64;95%CI,0.47 to 0.87)were independently associated with lower odds of favourable outcome compared with patients without anticoagulation(n=2037(38.8%)).Prior VKA therapy(n=720(49.4%);aOR,1.71;95%CI,1.41 to 2.08)and prior DOAC therapy(n=460(39.7%);aOR,1.28;95%CI,1.02 to 1.60)were independently associated with higher odds of mortality compared with patients without anticoagulation(n=2512(30.2%)).Conclusions The spectrum of anticoagulation-associated ICH changed over time.Compared with patients without prior anticoagulation,prior VKA treatment and prior DOAC treatment were independently associated with lower odds of favourable outcome and higher odds of mortality at 3.
基金the financial support received from the ERC Consolidator Grant(SUPERCELL-GA.648518).
文摘A self-powered skin patch for the measurement of sweat conductivity is presented.The key component of the patch consists of a paper battery that is activated upon absorption of sweat.This body fluid acts as the battery electrolyte,the conductivity of which has a direct impact on the battery-generated output power and voltage.This particular behaviour enables the operation of a very simple and robust conductivity sensor in direct current mode without needing an external power source.The device presented in this paper takes advantage of this new measurement method to develop a sweat patch for screening cystic fibrosis that operates with an extremely simple electronic circuit that minimizes its cost and environmental impact.The patch provides an unambiguous digital result that can be read in an electrochromic display and yields 95%sensitivity and 100%specificity when tested with artificial eccrine perspiration samples.
基金This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation(GAČR,No.22-14886S)the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033(No.PID2019-107697RBC42(ERDF A way of making Europe)).
文摘This work focuses on the fabrication and characterization of Chemical Field-Effect Transistor(ChemFET)gas nanosensor arrays based on single nanowire(SNW).The fabrication processes include micro and nanofabrication techniques enabled by a combination of ultraviolet(UV)and e-beam lithography to build the ChemFET structure.Results show the integration and connection of SNWs across the multiple pairs of nanoelectrodes in the ChemFET by dielectrophoresis process(DEP)thanks to the incorporation of alignment windows(200-300 nm)adapted to the diameter of the NWs.Measurements of the SNW ChemFET array's output and transfer characteristics prove the influence of gate bias on the drain current regulation.Tests upon hydrogen(H_(2))and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))as analyte models of reducing and oxidizing gases show the ChemFET sensing functionality.Moreover,results demonstrate better response characteristics to H_(2)when the ChemFET operates in the subthreshold regime.The design concepts and methods proposed for fabricating the SNW-based ChemFET arrays are versatile,reproducible,and most likely adaptable to other systems where SNW arrays are required.
