BACKGROUND Intermediate coronary lesions(ICLs)are highly prevalent but ported mixed prognosis.Radial strain has been associated with plaque vulnerability,yet its role in predicting lesion progression is largely unknow...BACKGROUND Intermediate coronary lesions(ICLs)are highly prevalent but ported mixed prognosis.Radial strain has been associated with plaque vulnerability,yet its role in predicting lesion progression is largely unknown.The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of angiography-derived radial wall strain(RWS)for progression of untreated non-culprit ICLs.METHODS Post-hoc analysis was conducted in a study cohort including 603 consecutive patients with 808 ICLs identified at index procedure with angiographic follow-up of up to two years.RWS analysis was performed on selected angiographic frames with minimal foreshortening and vessel overlap.Lesion progression was defined as≥20%increase in percent diameter stenosis.RESULTS Lesion progression occurred in 49 ICLs(6.1%)with a median follow-up period of 16.8 months.Maximal RWS(RWSmax),frequently located at the proximal and throat plaque regions,distinguished progressive ICLs from silent ones.The largest area under the curve value of 0.75(95%CI:0.67–0.82,P<0.001)was reached at the optimal RWSmax cutoff value of>12.6%.According to this threshold,178 ICLs were classified as having a high strain pattern.Exposure to a high strain amplitude with RWS_(max)>12.6%was independently associated with an increased risk of lesion progression(adjusted HR=6.82,95%CI:3.67–12.66,P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS Assessment of RWS from coronary angiography is feasible and provides independent prognostic value in patients with untreated ICLs.展开更多
In this study, specific growth rate(SGR), ingestion rate(IR), food conversion ratio(FCR), apparent digestion ratio(ADR) and ammonium-nitrogen excretion were determined for sea cucumber(Stichopus monotuberculatus) rear...In this study, specific growth rate(SGR), ingestion rate(IR), food conversion ratio(FCR), apparent digestion ratio(ADR) and ammonium-nitrogen excretion were determined for sea cucumber(Stichopus monotuberculatus) reared in plastic containers(70 L; 4 containers each diet treatment). Sea cucumbers were fed with five diets containing different amounts of farming waste from shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)(100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0) and a formulated compound(20% sea mud and 80% powdered algae). Sea cucumbers grew faster when they were fed with diet D(25% shrimp waste and 75% formulated compound) than those fed with other diets. Although IR value of sea cucumber fed with diet A(shrimp waste) was higher than those fed with other diets, both the lowest SGR and the highest FCR occurred in this diet group. The highest and the lowest ADR occurred in diet E(formulated compound) and diet A group, respectively, and the same to ammonium-nitrogen excretion. The contents of crude protein, crude lipid and total organic matter(TOM) in feces decreased in comparison with corresponding diets. In the feces from different diet treatments, the contents of crude protein and TOM increased gradually as the contents of crude protein and TOM in diets increased, while crude lipid content decreased gradually as the crude lipid content in diets increased.展开更多
In the present study, the applicability of the wet waste collected from shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) to the culture of sea cucumber(Stichopus monotuberculatus) was determined. The effects of dietary wet shrimp waste o...In the present study, the applicability of the wet waste collected from shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) to the culture of sea cucumber(Stichopus monotuberculatus) was determined. The effects of dietary wet shrimp waste on the survival, specific growth rate(SGR), fecal production rate(FPR), ammonia- and nitrite-nitrogen productions of sea cucumber were studied. The total organic matter(TOM) level in the feces of sea cucumber was compared with that in corresponding feeds. Diet C(50% wet shrimp waste and 50% sea mud mash) made sea cucumber grow faster than other diets. Sea cucumber fed with either diet D(25% wet shrimp waste and 75% sea mud mash) or sole sea mud exhibited negative growth. The average lowest total FPR of sea cucumber occurred in diet A(wet shrimp waste), and there was no significant difference in total FPR between diet C and diet E(sea mud mash)(P > 0.05). The average ammonia-nitrogen production of sea cucumber in different diet treatments decreased gradually with the decrease of crude protein content in different diets. The average highest nitrite-nitrogen production occurred in diet E treatment, and there was no significant difference in nitrite-nitrogen production among diet A, diet B(75% wet shrimp waste and 25% sea mud mash) and diet C treatments(P > 0.05). In each diet treatment, the total organic matter(TOM) level in feces decreased to different extent compared with that in corresponding feeds.展开更多
The seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum is widely distributed throughout the coastal waters of Asia and has high commercial value. In recent years, its natural biomass has declined due to over-exploitation and environmental...The seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum is widely distributed throughout the coastal waters of Asia and has high commercial value. In recent years, its natural biomass has declined due to over-exploitation and environmental pollution. To seek for a feasible way to culture this seaweed efficiently, we designed a simple long-line system in a shrimp pond for the culture during winter, and the growth and nutritional composition of the seaweed were examined. Results show that the cul^re system was durable and flexible allowing S. hemiphyllum to grow vertically offthe muddy bottom of the pond. Although the length of pond- cultured S. hemiphyllum was inhibited by water depth, the weight-specific growth rate （（1.65±0.17）%/d） was nearly three times higher than that of wild plants （（0.62±0.19）%/d）. The crude protein （6.92%±0.88%） and ash content （21.52%±0.07%） of the pond-cultured seaweed were significantly lower than those of the wild plants （9.38%±-0.43% and 26.93%±0.07%, respectively）; however, crude fat （1.01%±0.04%） was significantly higher than that of the wild plants （0.87%±0.02%）. In addition, the nutritional composition of both pond-cultured and wild S. hemiphyllum was comparable to or even higher than those of other common seaweeds being used as food and/or aquaculture fodder. Future studies shall be focused on the impact of environmental parameters on its growth and nutritional composition.展开更多
The synthesis of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline-b-tetrahydrofurane-b-2-methyl-2-oxazoline) triblock copolymer of low molar mass has been carried out. Characterization of the purified polymer by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopie...The synthesis of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline-b-tetrahydrofurane-b-2-methyl-2-oxazoline) triblock copolymer of low molar mass has been carried out. Characterization of the purified polymer by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies is described. These block copolymers did not give DNA containing polyplexes. The in vivo transfection properties were investigated by injection of tibialis muscles and intratracheal administration of female Swiss mice. These triblock copolymers with a molar ratio [2-methyl-2-oxazoline units]/[tetrahydrofurane units] in the 3 - 5 range gave a higher transfection efficiency than that of Lutrol or of PE6400 which are the gold standards of this transfection technique. Hydrolysis increased the performances of muscle transfection, showing the beneficial effect of the presence of positive charges, but was clearly detrimental to the transfection efficiency of pulmonary epithelium.展开更多
Spatial pattern and interdependence of different soil and plant parameters were examined in green bean field experiment carried out at the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari （MAIB）, Italy. The study aimed to ...Spatial pattern and interdependence of different soil and plant parameters were examined in green bean field experiment carried out at the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari （MAIB）, Italy. The study aimed to identify the spatial distribution of soil and plant parameters and their relationship at transects scale. The experiment consisted of three transects of 30 m length and 4.2 m width, irrigated with three different salinity levels （1 dSm＂1, 3 dSm1, 6 dSml）. Soil measurements （electrical conductivity and soil water content） were monitored along each transect in 24 sites, using TDR probe installed vertically at soil surface. Water storage was measured by using Diviner sensor for calculating directly the evapotranspiration fluxes along the whole soil profile under the different salinity levels imposed during the experiment. In the same 24 sites, crop monitoring involved measurements of Leaf Area Index （LAI）, Osmotic Potential （OP）, Root length Density （RID） and Evapotranspiration fluxes （ET）. Soil and plant properties were analyzed using both classical and geostatistical methods which included descriptive statistics, semivariograms and cross-semivariograms. Results indicated that moderate to large spatial variability existed across the field for soil and plant parameters, especially under the 6 dSm1 salinity treatment. A relatively satisfactory fit of the experimental cross-semivariogram was obtained for the 6 dS1, thus indicating similar spatial structures of the pairs of compared variables. By contrast, the experimental cross-semivariograms observed under the 3 dS~ treatment indicated no significant correlation structure between the compared variables. Overall, the results observed in the 3 dSm-1 were not significantly different from those obtained in the 1 dSm-1 transect and suggested a general insensitivity of the crop response to those levels of salinity.展开更多
AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met ...AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met the following criteria：Reported an analysis of provider-patient interaction inthe context of an oncology interview; the study hadto measure at least two of the variables of interest tothe model （provider activity, provider patient-centeredcommunication, provider facilitative communication,patient activity, patient involvement, and patient satis-faction or reduced anxiety）; and the information had tobe reported in a manner that permitted the calculationof a zero-order correlation between at least two of thevariables under consideration. Data were transformedinto correlation coefficients and compiled to producethe correlation matrix used for data analysis. The test of the causal model is a comparison of the expected correlation matrix generated using an Ordinary Least Squares method of estimation. The expected matrix iscompared to the actual matrix of zero order correlation coeffcients. A model is considered a possible ft if the level of deviation is less than expected due to random sampling error as measured by a chi-square statistic. The signifcance of the path coeffcients was tested us-ing a z test. Lastly, the Sobel test provides a test of the level of mediation provided by a variable and provides an estimate of the level of mediation for each connec-tion. Such a test is warranted in models with multiple paths.RESULTS： A test of the original model indicated a lack of ft with the summary data. The largest discrepancy in the model was between the patient satisfaction and the provider patient-centered utterances. The observed correlation was far larger than expected given a medi-ated relationship. The test of a modifed model was un-dertaken to determine possible ft. The corrected model provides a fit to within tolerance as evaluated by the test statistic, χ2 （8, average n = 342） = 10.22. Each of the path coefficients for the model reveals that each one can be considered signifcant, P 〈 0.05. The Sobel test examining the impact of the mediating variables demonstrated that patient involvement is a signifcantmediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 3.56, P 〈 0.05. Patient active was also demonstrated to be a signifcant mediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 4.21, P 〈 0.05. The statistics indicate that patient behavior mediates the relationship between provider behavior and patient satisfaction with the interaction.CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate empirical support for the importance of patient-centered care and satisfy the need for empirical casual support of provider-patient behaviors on health outcomes.展开更多
San Giorgio酒店位于希腊米科诺斯（Mykonos）岛，带着人们久寻的希腊气息，遥望着天地之间的爱琴海。这座奢华的岛上酒店共有34间客房，每间都独特迷人。有5种房型供游客选择，房间大小在25～55m。之间，沿海的壮观泳池和岩壁边的甲板...San Giorgio酒店位于希腊米科诺斯（Mykonos）岛，带着人们久寻的希腊气息，遥望着天地之间的爱琴海。这座奢华的岛上酒店共有34间客房，每间都独特迷人。有5种房型供游客选择，房间大小在25～55m。之间，沿海的壮观泳池和岩壁边的甲板都散发着基克拉迪（Cyclades）风情。展开更多
Bone cells contribute to tumour metastasis by producing biochemical factors that stimulate tumour cell homing and proliferation,but also by resorbing bone matrix(osteolysis)that releases further stimulatory factors fo...Bone cells contribute to tumour metastasis by producing biochemical factors that stimulate tumour cell homing and proliferation,but also by resorbing bone matrix(osteolysis)that releases further stimulatory factors for tumour growth in a vicious cycle.Changes in the local mechanical environment of bone tissue occur during early metastasis,which might activate mechanobiological responses by resident bone cells(osteocytes)to activate resorption(osteoclasts)and thereby contribute to tumour invasion.The objective of this study is to investigate whether bone osteolysis is driven by early changes in the bone mechanical environment during metastasis by(a)implementing subject-specific FE models of metastatic femora to predict the mechanical environment within bone tissue during early metastasis(3-weeks after tumour inoculation)and then(b)applying mechanoregulation theory to predict bone tissue remodelling as a function of the evolving mechanical environment within bone tissue during breast cancer-bone metastasis.We implemented a global resorption rate derived from an experimental model,but the mechanoregulation algorithm predicted localised bone loss in the greater trochanter region,the same region where osteolysis was prevalent after three weeks of metastasis development in the animal model.Moreover,the mechanical environment evolved in a similar manner to that reported in separate subject-specific finite element models of these same animals by 6 weeks.Thus,we propose that early changes in the physical environment of bone tissue during metastasis may elicit mechanobiological cues for bone cells and activate later osteolytic bone destruction.展开更多
This study aims to examine spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton species composition,density and biomass distribution and community structure, based on the data obtained from three separate cruises carried ou...This study aims to examine spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton species composition,density and biomass distribution and community structure, based on the data obtained from three separate cruises carried out in November 1997, April and July 1999. Results show that 244 species of zooplankton and 8 groups of planktonic larvae were identified, which were dominated by copepods, followed by amphipods, ostracods and medusae. The total species were 201 and 198 for the cruises of November 1997 and July 1999, respectively, and no obvious seasonal variation of species richness was observed. The distribution of zooplankton species richness decreased from pelagic to coastal waters. Average richness of species in each station was higher in the cruises of November 1997(62) and April 1999(61) than in the cruise in July 1999 (56), which was mainly a result from the pelagic or coastal water mass movement made by the monsoon. Zooplankton in the upper waters (0―100 m) around Nansha Islands belonged to the typical tropic pelagic fauna, most of them were pelagic warm-water species, followed by coastal warm-water species and euryhaline warm-water species. The number of dominant species ranged from 5 to 7 in each cruise. No obvious seasonal succession of dominant species was observed. Sagitta enflata, Cypridina nami, Cosmocalanus darwinii, Pleuromamma gracilis and Echinopluteus larva were the main dominant species. The average of zooplankton biomass and density in three cruises were 31, 32, 28 mg·m 3 and 31, 39, 35 ind·m 3, respectively. Copepods were the most abundant, followed by chaetognaths. Zooplankton high biomass distributed mainly in the northwestern waters around Nansha Islands, and generally occurred in the areas of oceanic front and upwelling. The main reason for zooplankton quantity without obvious seasonal variation was the relative steady temperature dynamics in the waters around Nansha Islands.展开更多
Presently,proteins are identified by cleaving them with proteases,measuring the mass to charge ratio of the fragments with a mass spectrometer,and matching the fragments to segments within known proteins in databases....Presently,proteins are identified by cleaving them with proteases,measuring the mass to charge ratio of the fragments with a mass spectrometer,and matching the fragments to segments within known proteins in databases.We earlier demonstrated that a nanometer-scale pore formed by aerolysin(AeL)can discriminate between,and therefore identify,three similar size proteins from their trypsin-cleaved polypeptide fragments.With this nanopore-protease method,the protein’s identity is instead determined from characteristic ionic current blockade patterns caused by the polypeptide fragments that enter the nanopore.The results also suggested that not all of the theoretically expected cleavage products partition into the pore.To better understand the mechanism by which polypeptide fragments are captured,and how different polypeptides reduce the pore’s ionic current,we studied the effects of 11 identical length polypeptides with different net charges and charge distributions.We show that under certain experimental conditions,negative,positive,and neutral polypeptides are driven into the AeL pore by the same applied voltage polarity.The capture rate and dwell time of polypeptides in the pore depend strongly on the ionic strength,the magnitude of the applied voltage,and the net charge and charge distribution of the polypeptides.The dwell time distribution depends nonmonotonically on the applied voltage(regardless of the polymer’s net charge),and its maximum value depends on the polypeptide net charge and charge distribution.The maximum dwell time for different polypeptides does not occur at the same applied voltage amplitude,which conceivably might complicate the detection and discrimination of some polypeptide fragments.Although additional experiments,computer simulations,and artificial intelligence research are needed to better understand how to optimize the partitioning of enzymatically cleaved fragments into the AeL nanopore,the method is still capable of accurately identifying proteins.展开更多
L-arginine serves as a substrate for the production of nitric oxide(NO)in animals,and it can also impact muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality in these animals.The present study was designed to explore the eff...L-arginine serves as a substrate for the production of nitric oxide(NO)in animals,and it can also impact muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality in these animals.The present study was designed to explore the effects of adding 1%L-arginine to a basal diet regimen on the muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality of Mongolian sheep.Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduced shear force in the longissimus thoracis(LT)and increased a*in biceps femoris(BF)muscles(p<0.05).L-arginine supplementation also increased the proportion of type IIA muscle fiber in the LT(p<0.05)and type I muscle fiber in the BF(p<0.05)while reducing both the diameter and CSA of type IIB muscle fiber in both the LT and BF(CSA in LT,p<0.01;all others,p<0.05).L-arginine treatment was also associated with the upregulation of MyHC IIa(LT),MyHC I(BF),nNOS(LT&BF),AMPKα1(BF),PGC-1α(LT&BF)(PGC-1αin BF,p<0.01;all others,p<0.05),together with an increase in nNOS content(LT,p<0.01;BF,p<0.05).Dietary L-arginine supplementation was associated with a significant increase in the post-slaughter tenderness of lamb meat,which is related to transitions in muscle fiber types.The gene expression and nNOS analysis results generated herein further indicate that this effect is mediated by the NO/AMPK/PGC-1αpathway.Further studies are thus warranted to provide further insight into the role that NO signaling plays in controlling the associations between L-arginine,muscle fiber characteristics,and meat quality.展开更多
A multi-technique approach to prove the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/cucurbit[7]uril)pseudorotaxanes(PEDOT∙CB7-PPs)is reported.Molecular docking simulation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ioniza...A multi-technique approach to prove the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/cucurbit[7]uril)pseudorotaxanes(PEDOT∙CB7-PPs)is reported.Molecular docking simulation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry(MALDI MS)validate the complexation ability of the CB7 molecule towards 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT),which leads to the EDOT∙CB7 inclusion complex.Oxidative polymerization of EDOT∙CB7 enabled the synthesis of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs.The water-soluble part of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs was selected,freeze-dried,and chemically characterized.Furthermore,dynamic light scattering(DLS)has been used to study the particle size and z-potential(ZP-ζ)of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs.The ZP-ζvalue(35 mV)evidenced that the PEDOT∙CB7-PPs formed stable water dispersion.By combining the emerging nanopore resistive pulse sensing technique(Np-RPS)and computational modeling,we identified strong interactions of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs with the aerolysin(Ael)nanopore.PEDOT∙CB7-PPs behave as positive charged species,and thus trans negative bias promotes its interactions with the Ael nanopore.The computational modeling results are fully consistent with the Np-RPS detection,which also reveals strong interactions between PEDOT∙CB7-PPs and the Ael nanopore.With this study,we hope to provide new insights and a better understanding of the interactions between supramolecular complexes based on CB7 and biological entities,which is instrumental for future applications in the field of nanobiotechnology.展开更多
With an increasing global population that is rapidly ageing,our society faces challenges that impact health,environment,and energy demand.With this ageing comes an accumulation of cellular changes that lead to the dev...With an increasing global population that is rapidly ageing,our society faces challenges that impact health,environment,and energy demand.With this ageing comes an accumulation of cellular changes that lead to the development of diseases and susceptibility to infections.This impacts not only the health system,but also the global economy.As the population increases,so does the demand for energy and the emission of pollutants,leading to a progressive degradation of our environment.This in turn impacts health through reduced access to arable land,clean water,and breathable air.New monitoring approaches to assist in environmental control and minimize the impact on health are urgently needed,leading to the development of new sensor technologies that are highly sensitive,rapid,and low-cost.Nanopore sensing is a new technology that helps to meet this purpose,with the potential to provide rapid point-of-care medical diagnosis,real-time on-site pollutant monitoring systems to manage environmental health,as well as integrated sensors to increase the efficiency and storage capacity of renewable energy sources.In this review we discuss how the powerful approach of nanopore based single-molecule,or particle,electrical promises to overcome existing and emerging societal challenges,providing new opportunities and tools for personalized medicine,localized environmental monitoring,and improved energy production and storage systems.展开更多
Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ and energy supplier.Its physiological effect on the regulation of the energy balance is considered an important factor underlying the evolution of mammals.To test whether...Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ and energy supplier.Its physiological effect on the regulation of the energy balance is considered an important factor underlying the evolution of mammals.To test whether the genes controlling lipid metabolism have undergone adaptive molecular change in the evolution of mammals,in this study,we used the orthologous gene sequences of 12 important lipid metabolism proteins (leptin,OB-RL,RXRA,RXRB,RXRG,PPARA,PPARB/D,PPARG,PNLIP,ADIPOQ,LPL and UCP1) from NCBI's databases.We found evidence that 4 of the corresponding genes (leptin,ADIPOQ,PNLIP and PPARA) have undergone positive selection in their evolutionary history and that most adaptive changes occurred during the evolution of the super-clades Laurasiatheria (placentals) and suborders within Euarchontoglires (primates and rodents).Comparisons across sets of genes showed that in a third of cases,bursts of positive selection,more than would be expected by chance,occurred on corresponding branches.We propose that the positive selection drives adaptive changes in some lipid metabolism genes in or within Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires clades.Along with evidence from earlier studies,our results show that co-evolution among interacting lipid metabolism proteins has taken place.展开更多
For those California residents who lost their homes in recent wildfires, there could be more trouble on the way as U.S. President Donald Trump continues to wage a trade war on several fronts. Trump＇s tariffs are driv...For those California residents who lost their homes in recent wildfires, there could be more trouble on the way as U.S. President Donald Trump continues to wage a trade war on several fronts. Trump＇s tariffs are driving up the price of imported timber, drywall, nails and other key con- struction materials needed to rebuild homes, resulting in the costs of building a standard new house in the state rising by up to $20,000.展开更多
This paper presents research that analyses the relative importance of carbon markets to sustainable waste management projects in Australia.It identifies that a large proportion of carbon credits issued have been gener...This paper presents research that analyses the relative importance of carbon markets to sustainable waste management projects in Australia.It identifies that a large proportion of carbon credits issued have been generated by landfill to electricity projects,which effectively rely on the continuation of landfilling practices.More ambition is needed to realise the potential of circular solutions that reduce,recover and utilise waste before disposal.The research also shows that,through modelling the financial performance of two theoretical waste to energy projects that would result in diversion of waste from landfill,simultaneous use of revenue support mechanisms(carbon markets and renewable energy certificate programs),cost of capital support programs(like concessional finance)and avoided landfilling levies in the deployment of waste management projects can be justified.The paper illustrates the significant contribution carbon revenues can make to project additionality at the investment-decision stage,adding between 2-10%to ex-ante estimates of pre-tax equity returns.This shows that a project’s additionality is not invalidated in cases where it accesses more than one support mechanism.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82020108015&No.81871460&No.82170333)。
文摘BACKGROUND Intermediate coronary lesions(ICLs)are highly prevalent but ported mixed prognosis.Radial strain has been associated with plaque vulnerability,yet its role in predicting lesion progression is largely unknown.The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of angiography-derived radial wall strain(RWS)for progression of untreated non-culprit ICLs.METHODS Post-hoc analysis was conducted in a study cohort including 603 consecutive patients with 808 ICLs identified at index procedure with angiographic follow-up of up to two years.RWS analysis was performed on selected angiographic frames with minimal foreshortening and vessel overlap.Lesion progression was defined as≥20%increase in percent diameter stenosis.RESULTS Lesion progression occurred in 49 ICLs(6.1%)with a median follow-up period of 16.8 months.Maximal RWS(RWSmax),frequently located at the proximal and throat plaque regions,distinguished progressive ICLs from silent ones.The largest area under the curve value of 0.75(95%CI:0.67–0.82,P<0.001)was reached at the optimal RWSmax cutoff value of>12.6%.According to this threshold,178 ICLs were classified as having a high strain pattern.Exposure to a high strain amplitude with RWS_(max)>12.6%was independently associated with an increased risk of lesion progression(adjusted HR=6.82,95%CI:3.67–12.66,P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS Assessment of RWS from coronary angiography is feasible and provides independent prognostic value in patients with untreated ICLs.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Science & Technology Pillar Program in 12th Five-year Plan (2011BAD13B02, 2012BAD18B03)the Science & Technology Promoting Project for Oceanic & Fishery in Guangdong Province (A201100D01, A201101 D02)+3 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-Q212)the comprehensive strategic cooperation project of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (2012B09 1100269)the Cooperation Program of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (2012B0911 00272)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong, China (2014KQNCX183)
文摘In this study, specific growth rate(SGR), ingestion rate(IR), food conversion ratio(FCR), apparent digestion ratio(ADR) and ammonium-nitrogen excretion were determined for sea cucumber(Stichopus monotuberculatus) reared in plastic containers(70 L; 4 containers each diet treatment). Sea cucumbers were fed with five diets containing different amounts of farming waste from shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)(100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0) and a formulated compound(20% sea mud and 80% powdered algae). Sea cucumbers grew faster when they were fed with diet D(25% shrimp waste and 75% formulated compound) than those fed with other diets. Although IR value of sea cucumber fed with diet A(shrimp waste) was higher than those fed with other diets, both the lowest SGR and the highest FCR occurred in this diet group. The highest and the lowest ADR occurred in diet E(formulated compound) and diet A group, respectively, and the same to ammonium-nitrogen excretion. The contents of crude protein, crude lipid and total organic matter(TOM) in feces decreased in comparison with corresponding diets. In the feces from different diet treatments, the contents of crude protein and TOM increased gradually as the contents of crude protein and TOM in diets increased, while crude lipid content decreased gradually as the crude lipid content in diets increased.
基金supported by the Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period (2011BAD13B02, 2012BAD 18B03)the Science & Technology Promoting Projects for Oceanic & Fishery in Guangdong Province (A2011 00D01, A201101D02)Cooperation Program of Guangdong Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (2012B091100272)
文摘In the present study, the applicability of the wet waste collected from shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) to the culture of sea cucumber(Stichopus monotuberculatus) was determined. The effects of dietary wet shrimp waste on the survival, specific growth rate(SGR), fecal production rate(FPR), ammonia- and nitrite-nitrogen productions of sea cucumber were studied. The total organic matter(TOM) level in the feces of sea cucumber was compared with that in corresponding feeds. Diet C(50% wet shrimp waste and 50% sea mud mash) made sea cucumber grow faster than other diets. Sea cucumber fed with either diet D(25% wet shrimp waste and 75% sea mud mash) or sole sea mud exhibited negative growth. The average lowest total FPR of sea cucumber occurred in diet A(wet shrimp waste), and there was no significant difference in total FPR between diet C and diet E(sea mud mash)(P > 0.05). The average ammonia-nitrogen production of sea cucumber in different diet treatments decreased gradually with the decrease of crude protein content in different diets. The average highest nitrite-nitrogen production occurred in diet E treatment, and there was no significant difference in nitrite-nitrogen production among diet A, diet B(75% wet shrimp waste and 25% sea mud mash) and diet C treatments(P > 0.05). In each diet treatment, the total organic matter(TOM) level in feces decreased to different extent compared with that in corresponding feeds.
基金Supported by the Key Projects of the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period(Nos.2011BAD13B02,2012BAD18B03)the Science and Technology Promoting Projects for Oceanic and Fishery in Guangdong Province(Nos. A201100D01,A201101D02)
文摘The seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum is widely distributed throughout the coastal waters of Asia and has high commercial value. In recent years, its natural biomass has declined due to over-exploitation and environmental pollution. To seek for a feasible way to culture this seaweed efficiently, we designed a simple long-line system in a shrimp pond for the culture during winter, and the growth and nutritional composition of the seaweed were examined. Results show that the cul^re system was durable and flexible allowing S. hemiphyllum to grow vertically offthe muddy bottom of the pond. Although the length of pond- cultured S. hemiphyllum was inhibited by water depth, the weight-specific growth rate （（1.65±0.17）%/d） was nearly three times higher than that of wild plants （（0.62±0.19）%/d）. The crude protein （6.92%±0.88%） and ash content （21.52%±0.07%） of the pond-cultured seaweed were significantly lower than those of the wild plants （9.38%±-0.43% and 26.93%±0.07%, respectively）; however, crude fat （1.01%±0.04%） was significantly higher than that of the wild plants （0.87%±0.02%）. In addition, the nutritional composition of both pond-cultured and wild S. hemiphyllum was comparable to or even higher than those of other common seaweeds being used as food and/or aquaculture fodder. Future studies shall be focused on the impact of environmental parameters on its growth and nutritional composition.
文摘The synthesis of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline-b-tetrahydrofurane-b-2-methyl-2-oxazoline) triblock copolymer of low molar mass has been carried out. Characterization of the purified polymer by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies is described. These block copolymers did not give DNA containing polyplexes. The in vivo transfection properties were investigated by injection of tibialis muscles and intratracheal administration of female Swiss mice. These triblock copolymers with a molar ratio [2-methyl-2-oxazoline units]/[tetrahydrofurane units] in the 3 - 5 range gave a higher transfection efficiency than that of Lutrol or of PE6400 which are the gold standards of this transfection technique. Hydrolysis increased the performances of muscle transfection, showing the beneficial effect of the presence of positive charges, but was clearly detrimental to the transfection efficiency of pulmonary epithelium.
文摘Spatial pattern and interdependence of different soil and plant parameters were examined in green bean field experiment carried out at the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari （MAIB）, Italy. The study aimed to identify the spatial distribution of soil and plant parameters and their relationship at transects scale. The experiment consisted of three transects of 30 m length and 4.2 m width, irrigated with three different salinity levels （1 dSm＂1, 3 dSm1, 6 dSml）. Soil measurements （electrical conductivity and soil water content） were monitored along each transect in 24 sites, using TDR probe installed vertically at soil surface. Water storage was measured by using Diviner sensor for calculating directly the evapotranspiration fluxes along the whole soil profile under the different salinity levels imposed during the experiment. In the same 24 sites, crop monitoring involved measurements of Leaf Area Index （LAI）, Osmotic Potential （OP）, Root length Density （RID） and Evapotranspiration fluxes （ET）. Soil and plant properties were analyzed using both classical and geostatistical methods which included descriptive statistics, semivariograms and cross-semivariograms. Results indicated that moderate to large spatial variability existed across the field for soil and plant parameters, especially under the 6 dSm1 salinity treatment. A relatively satisfactory fit of the experimental cross-semivariogram was obtained for the 6 dS1, thus indicating similar spatial structures of the pairs of compared variables. By contrast, the experimental cross-semivariograms observed under the 3 dS~ treatment indicated no significant correlation structure between the compared variables. Overall, the results observed in the 3 dSm-1 were not significantly different from those obtained in the 1 dSm-1 transect and suggested a general insensitivity of the crop response to those levels of salinity.
文摘AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met the following criteria：Reported an analysis of provider-patient interaction inthe context of an oncology interview; the study hadto measure at least two of the variables of interest tothe model （provider activity, provider patient-centeredcommunication, provider facilitative communication,patient activity, patient involvement, and patient satis-faction or reduced anxiety）; and the information had tobe reported in a manner that permitted the calculationof a zero-order correlation between at least two of thevariables under consideration. Data were transformedinto correlation coefficients and compiled to producethe correlation matrix used for data analysis. The test of the causal model is a comparison of the expected correlation matrix generated using an Ordinary Least Squares method of estimation. The expected matrix iscompared to the actual matrix of zero order correlation coeffcients. A model is considered a possible ft if the level of deviation is less than expected due to random sampling error as measured by a chi-square statistic. The signifcance of the path coeffcients was tested us-ing a z test. Lastly, the Sobel test provides a test of the level of mediation provided by a variable and provides an estimate of the level of mediation for each connec-tion. Such a test is warranted in models with multiple paths.RESULTS： A test of the original model indicated a lack of ft with the summary data. The largest discrepancy in the model was between the patient satisfaction and the provider patient-centered utterances. The observed correlation was far larger than expected given a medi-ated relationship. The test of a modifed model was un-dertaken to determine possible ft. The corrected model provides a fit to within tolerance as evaluated by the test statistic, χ2 （8, average n = 342） = 10.22. Each of the path coefficients for the model reveals that each one can be considered signifcant, P 〈 0.05. The Sobel test examining the impact of the mediating variables demonstrated that patient involvement is a signifcantmediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 3.56, P 〈 0.05. Patient active was also demonstrated to be a signifcant mediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 4.21, P 〈 0.05. The statistics indicate that patient behavior mediates the relationship between provider behavior and patient satisfaction with the interaction.CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate empirical support for the importance of patient-centered care and satisfy the need for empirical casual support of provider-patient behaviors on health outcomes.
基金support of the Irish Research Council Laureate Award Programme 2017/18(MEMETic,IRCLA/2017/217)the Hardiman Postgraduate Research Scholarship,provided by the University of Galway(UG)in Ireland,and Science Foundation Ireland under Grant number(18/SPP/3522)as part of Precision Oncology Ireland,with co-funding from the National Breast Cancer Research Institute.
文摘Bone cells contribute to tumour metastasis by producing biochemical factors that stimulate tumour cell homing and proliferation,but also by resorbing bone matrix(osteolysis)that releases further stimulatory factors for tumour growth in a vicious cycle.Changes in the local mechanical environment of bone tissue occur during early metastasis,which might activate mechanobiological responses by resident bone cells(osteocytes)to activate resorption(osteoclasts)and thereby contribute to tumour invasion.The objective of this study is to investigate whether bone osteolysis is driven by early changes in the bone mechanical environment during metastasis by(a)implementing subject-specific FE models of metastatic femora to predict the mechanical environment within bone tissue during early metastasis(3-weeks after tumour inoculation)and then(b)applying mechanoregulation theory to predict bone tissue remodelling as a function of the evolving mechanical environment within bone tissue during breast cancer-bone metastasis.We implemented a global resorption rate derived from an experimental model,but the mechanoregulation algorithm predicted localised bone loss in the greater trochanter region,the same region where osteolysis was prevalent after three weeks of metastasis development in the animal model.Moreover,the mechanical environment evolved in a similar manner to that reported in separate subject-specific finite element models of these same animals by 6 weeks.Thus,we propose that early changes in the physical environment of bone tissue during metastasis may elicit mechanobiological cues for bone cells and activate later osteolytic bone destruction.
文摘This study aims to examine spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton species composition,density and biomass distribution and community structure, based on the data obtained from three separate cruises carried out in November 1997, April and July 1999. Results show that 244 species of zooplankton and 8 groups of planktonic larvae were identified, which were dominated by copepods, followed by amphipods, ostracods and medusae. The total species were 201 and 198 for the cruises of November 1997 and July 1999, respectively, and no obvious seasonal variation of species richness was observed. The distribution of zooplankton species richness decreased from pelagic to coastal waters. Average richness of species in each station was higher in the cruises of November 1997(62) and April 1999(61) than in the cruise in July 1999 (56), which was mainly a result from the pelagic or coastal water mass movement made by the monsoon. Zooplankton in the upper waters (0―100 m) around Nansha Islands belonged to the typical tropic pelagic fauna, most of them were pelagic warm-water species, followed by coastal warm-water species and euryhaline warm-water species. The number of dominant species ranged from 5 to 7 in each cruise. No obvious seasonal succession of dominant species was observed. Sagitta enflata, Cypridina nami, Cosmocalanus darwinii, Pleuromamma gracilis and Echinopluteus larva were the main dominant species. The average of zooplankton biomass and density in three cruises were 31, 32, 28 mg·m 3 and 31, 39, 35 ind·m 3, respectively. Copepods were the most abundant, followed by chaetognaths. Zooplankton high biomass distributed mainly in the northwestern waters around Nansha Islands, and generally occurred in the areas of oceanic front and upwelling. The main reason for zooplankton quantity without obvious seasonal variation was the relative steady temperature dynamics in the waters around Nansha Islands.
基金supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR(ANR-17-CE09-0032-01 to A.O.,M.P.-G.,and F.P.)NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards,and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie/Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies Senior Fellowship(both to J.J.K.)We thank F.Gisou van der Goot(Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne,Switzerland)for providing the pET22b-proAL plasmid containing the proaerolysin sequence.
文摘Presently,proteins are identified by cleaving them with proteases,measuring the mass to charge ratio of the fragments with a mass spectrometer,and matching the fragments to segments within known proteins in databases.We earlier demonstrated that a nanometer-scale pore formed by aerolysin(AeL)can discriminate between,and therefore identify,three similar size proteins from their trypsin-cleaved polypeptide fragments.With this nanopore-protease method,the protein’s identity is instead determined from characteristic ionic current blockade patterns caused by the polypeptide fragments that enter the nanopore.The results also suggested that not all of the theoretically expected cleavage products partition into the pore.To better understand the mechanism by which polypeptide fragments are captured,and how different polypeptides reduce the pore’s ionic current,we studied the effects of 11 identical length polypeptides with different net charges and charge distributions.We show that under certain experimental conditions,negative,positive,and neutral polypeptides are driven into the AeL pore by the same applied voltage polarity.The capture rate and dwell time of polypeptides in the pore depend strongly on the ionic strength,the magnitude of the applied voltage,and the net charge and charge distribution of the polypeptides.The dwell time distribution depends nonmonotonically on the applied voltage(regardless of the polymer’s net charge),and its maximum value depends on the polypeptide net charge and charge distribution.The maximum dwell time for different polypeptides does not occur at the same applied voltage amplitude,which conceivably might complicate the detection and discrimination of some polypeptide fragments.Although additional experiments,computer simulations,and artificial intelligence research are needed to better understand how to optimize the partitioning of enzymatically cleaved fragments into the AeL nanopore,the method is still capable of accurately identifying proteins.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060519)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2021MS03010)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160589)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2020ZD11)Scientific and Technological Innovation Guidance Award Fund Project of Inner Mongolia.
文摘L-arginine serves as a substrate for the production of nitric oxide(NO)in animals,and it can also impact muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality in these animals.The present study was designed to explore the effects of adding 1%L-arginine to a basal diet regimen on the muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality of Mongolian sheep.Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduced shear force in the longissimus thoracis(LT)and increased a*in biceps femoris(BF)muscles(p<0.05).L-arginine supplementation also increased the proportion of type IIA muscle fiber in the LT(p<0.05)and type I muscle fiber in the BF(p<0.05)while reducing both the diameter and CSA of type IIB muscle fiber in both the LT and BF(CSA in LT,p<0.01;all others,p<0.05).L-arginine treatment was also associated with the upregulation of MyHC IIa(LT),MyHC I(BF),nNOS(LT&BF),AMPKα1(BF),PGC-1α(LT&BF)(PGC-1αin BF,p<0.01;all others,p<0.05),together with an increase in nNOS content(LT,p<0.01;BF,p<0.05).Dietary L-arginine supplementation was associated with a significant increase in the post-slaughter tenderness of lamb meat,which is related to transitions in muscle fiber types.The gene expression and nNOS analysis results generated herein further indicate that this effect is mediated by the NO/AMPK/PGC-1αpathway.Further studies are thus warranted to provide further insight into the role that NO signaling plays in controlling the associations between L-arginine,muscle fiber characteristics,and meat quality.
基金supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization,CNCS–UEFISCDI,project number PN-III-P4-PCE-2021-0906within PNCDI III and the Institute desÉtudes Avancées(IEA)of Cergy-Pontoise University(Project INEX“Pi-ROT”#73).
文摘A multi-technique approach to prove the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/cucurbit[7]uril)pseudorotaxanes(PEDOT∙CB7-PPs)is reported.Molecular docking simulation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry(MALDI MS)validate the complexation ability of the CB7 molecule towards 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT),which leads to the EDOT∙CB7 inclusion complex.Oxidative polymerization of EDOT∙CB7 enabled the synthesis of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs.The water-soluble part of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs was selected,freeze-dried,and chemically characterized.Furthermore,dynamic light scattering(DLS)has been used to study the particle size and z-potential(ZP-ζ)of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs.The ZP-ζvalue(35 mV)evidenced that the PEDOT∙CB7-PPs formed stable water dispersion.By combining the emerging nanopore resistive pulse sensing technique(Np-RPS)and computational modeling,we identified strong interactions of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs with the aerolysin(Ael)nanopore.PEDOT∙CB7-PPs behave as positive charged species,and thus trans negative bias promotes its interactions with the Ael nanopore.The computational modeling results are fully consistent with the Np-RPS detection,which also reveals strong interactions between PEDOT∙CB7-PPs and the Ael nanopore.With this study,we hope to provide new insights and a better understanding of the interactions between supramolecular complexes based on CB7 and biological entities,which is instrumental for future applications in the field of nanobiotechnology.
基金financial support from DIM Respore,Region Ile de France(PhD grants),ANR Epsilomics(No.17-CE09-0044-02)CY Initiative of Excellence(“Investissements d’Avenir”No.ANR16-IDEX-0008)Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie(RS2E).
文摘With an increasing global population that is rapidly ageing,our society faces challenges that impact health,environment,and energy demand.With this ageing comes an accumulation of cellular changes that lead to the development of diseases and susceptibility to infections.This impacts not only the health system,but also the global economy.As the population increases,so does the demand for energy and the emission of pollutants,leading to a progressive degradation of our environment.This in turn impacts health through reduced access to arable land,clean water,and breathable air.New monitoring approaches to assist in environmental control and minimize the impact on health are urgently needed,leading to the development of new sensor technologies that are highly sensitive,rapid,and low-cost.Nanopore sensing is a new technology that helps to meet this purpose,with the potential to provide rapid point-of-care medical diagnosis,real-time on-site pollutant monitoring systems to manage environmental health,as well as integrated sensors to increase the efficiency and storage capacity of renewable energy sources.In this review we discuss how the powerful approach of nanopore based single-molecule,or particle,electrical promises to overcome existing and emerging societal challenges,providing new opportunities and tools for personalized medicine,localized environmental monitoring,and improved energy production and storage systems.
基金supported by Scientific Research Fundation of Guangdong Academy of Sciences (qnjj20091)the Natural Science Fundation of Guangdong Province (10451026001004389)+1 种基金the Science Fundation of Guangdong Province (2010B060200034)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20100480788)
文摘Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ and energy supplier.Its physiological effect on the regulation of the energy balance is considered an important factor underlying the evolution of mammals.To test whether the genes controlling lipid metabolism have undergone adaptive molecular change in the evolution of mammals,in this study,we used the orthologous gene sequences of 12 important lipid metabolism proteins (leptin,OB-RL,RXRA,RXRB,RXRG,PPARA,PPARB/D,PPARG,PNLIP,ADIPOQ,LPL and UCP1) from NCBI's databases.We found evidence that 4 of the corresponding genes (leptin,ADIPOQ,PNLIP and PPARA) have undergone positive selection in their evolutionary history and that most adaptive changes occurred during the evolution of the super-clades Laurasiatheria (placentals) and suborders within Euarchontoglires (primates and rodents).Comparisons across sets of genes showed that in a third of cases,bursts of positive selection,more than would be expected by chance,occurred on corresponding branches.We propose that the positive selection drives adaptive changes in some lipid metabolism genes in or within Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires clades.Along with evidence from earlier studies,our results show that co-evolution among interacting lipid metabolism proteins has taken place.
文摘For those California residents who lost their homes in recent wildfires, there could be more trouble on the way as U.S. President Donald Trump continues to wage a trade war on several fronts. Trump＇s tariffs are driving up the price of imported timber, drywall, nails and other key con- struction materials needed to rebuild homes, resulting in the costs of building a standard new house in the state rising by up to $20,000.
文摘This paper presents research that analyses the relative importance of carbon markets to sustainable waste management projects in Australia.It identifies that a large proportion of carbon credits issued have been generated by landfill to electricity projects,which effectively rely on the continuation of landfilling practices.More ambition is needed to realise the potential of circular solutions that reduce,recover and utilise waste before disposal.The research also shows that,through modelling the financial performance of two theoretical waste to energy projects that would result in diversion of waste from landfill,simultaneous use of revenue support mechanisms(carbon markets and renewable energy certificate programs),cost of capital support programs(like concessional finance)and avoided landfilling levies in the deployment of waste management projects can be justified.The paper illustrates the significant contribution carbon revenues can make to project additionality at the investment-decision stage,adding between 2-10%to ex-ante estimates of pre-tax equity returns.This shows that a project’s additionality is not invalidated in cases where it accesses more than one support mechanism.
