Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common cause of significant morbidity, affecting millions of women worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 75%of women of childbearing age will have at least one e...Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common cause of significant morbidity, affecting millions of women worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 75%of women of childbearing age will have at least one episode of candidiasis in their lifetime. In the last decades, resistance to azoles has become a public health problem. Although studies on vulvovaginitis have been done, there is lack of VVC studies in our area. The aim of this study was to describe the etiological and resistance profiles of vulvovaginal candidiasis to standard antifungus at the Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso. Methods: We conducted a prospective study from January 2018 to December 2022. From vulvovaginal swabs, Candida species were identified using the ChromID® Candida Agar medium and the API® Candida gallery. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer agar disk diffusion. Results: A total of 4789 women were sampled. The average age of sexually active women was 27.80+/−6.77 years, with extremes ranging from 15 to 64 years. Vaginal Candida infections accounted for 74.16% of the cases. The 20 - 29 age group was the most affected by vulvovaginal candidiasis. Pregnant women accounted for 28.76% of our study population. Women in the second (2nd) trimester of pregnancy had more Candida infections. Candida albicans was the most isolated species (55.12%), followed by Candida glabrata (27.64%), Candida tropicalis (6.91%), Candida famata (6.67%), Candida krusei (2.56%). All the Candida species isolated showed very high of resistance to Fluconazole (45.2%), Miconazole (23.7%) and Clotrimazole (45.7%). Conclusion: Species-specific antifungal results should always be considered to avoid antifungal resistance associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Identifying the causative species using vaginal fungal cultures can help guide therapy and improve outcomes for these patients.展开更多
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 6.8% of new cancer cases and 8.1% of cancer-related deaths. About 85% of these deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of...Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 6.8% of new cancer cases and 8.1% of cancer-related deaths. About 85% of these deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and distribution of the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in women showing cytological abnormalities of the cervix at the Sourô SANOU University Hospital (CHUSS) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. This is a descriptive study of women recruited at the CHUSS. The cervico-uterine smear examination was carried out at the CHUSS Anatomy and Pathology Department for cervical cancer screening. The data were collected from women with atypical cells on their cervico-uterine smear. Cervicovaginal samples were taken from consenting women and HPV genotyping was performed using the HPV Direct FLOW CHIP kit at CERBA. We obtained approval from the ethics committee. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 26 software. The results of the study showed that 67.79% of the participants were aged between 50 and 65, a group that is particularly vulnerable to persistent infection with high-risk oncogenic HPV genotypes. Of the women screened, 40.7% were HPV positive and 29.2% had multiple infections. The most common genotypes were HPV 35, followed by HPV 18, 52, 58 and 66. These data highlight the need for increased surveillance and targeted prevention strategies among this female population.展开更多
Background: In recent years, Burkina Faso has faced increasing insecurity and terrorist attacks. The police, gendarmerie, and justice services are very often in demand to carry out criminal investigations, which are s...Background: In recent years, Burkina Faso has faced increasing insecurity and terrorist attacks. The police, gendarmerie, and justice services are very often in demand to carry out criminal investigations, which are slowed down or incomplete due to the absence of DNA analysis on biological samples from crime scenes and on apprehended suspects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of DNA analysis to the resolution of criminal cases in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This study was carried out from June 2019 to July 2020. Three (03) crimes were investigated, and DNA analysis was performed on biological samples from the crime scene, suspects, and victims using the AmpFlSTR® identifiler® Direct kit on the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer. Results: In the explosion case, the alleles found in the victim were the same as those identified in the blood trace from the crime scene. In the armed robbery case, there was a perfect match between the DNA profile of the blood trail and that of suspect 2 for all 15 STRs analyzed. In the murder case, the DNA profile of the murdered man’s son and the DNA profile of the biological trace were identical. Conclusion: The DNA analyses carried out in criminal cases have identified the perpetrators of the crimes. Their guilt or innocence will be confirmed by the investigators during the interrogations and hearings.展开更多
DNA testing for biological relationships is becoming increasingly common in Burkina Faso. STR analysis remains the most reliable technique for resolving disputes or claims in court regarding biological relationships. ...DNA testing for biological relationships is becoming increasingly common in Burkina Faso. STR analysis remains the most reliable technique for resolving disputes or claims in court regarding biological relationships. This study aimed to establish the links of biological relationships between subjects by analyzing 21 STR loci. The participants were 14 individuals referred to CERBA by the Justice in 2022. Oral or blood samples were taken for each subject. DNA was extracted, and the analysis of DNA polymorphism by PowerPlex® 21 Kit (Part No. DC8902) was performed by capillary electrophoresis on the ABI PRISM 3130 sequencer. DNA profiles were compiled using the GeneMapper IDX software version 1.2. Of the fourteen subjects examined, twelve of these samples had complete genetic profiles, while the other two had partial and absent profiles. The results confirmed the inclusion of three cases of Paternity, one case of maternity, one case of a relationship of brotherhood, and the exclusion of one case of maternity and one case of a relationship of brotherhood. DNA tests improve the resolution of filiations, but they require ethical and cultural awareness and a strengthened legal framework to prevent and protect society.展开更多
Introduction: Arbovirus diseases such as dengue and chikungunya threaten public health worldwide. Early and rapid diagnosis and surveillance of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections are essentia...Introduction: Arbovirus diseases such as dengue and chikungunya threaten public health worldwide. Early and rapid diagnosis and surveillance of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections are essential to the control of these diseases. In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic performance of our new in-house multiplex RT-qPCR method for detecting DENV serotypes and CHIKV in an external laboratory. Methodology: The evaluation study was conducted on 200 clinical samples of suspected patients for arbovirus disease infection, collected in Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Our new multiplex RT-qPCR was compared to the commercial kit, the Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya (ZDC) Real-Time PCR Assays kit (Bio-Rad, California, USA). Results and Conclusions: Among 200 samples, 21.5% (43/200) were DENV-positive by multiplex RT-qPCR, and 21.5% (43/200) were also DENV-positive by reference real-time RT-PCR. 157 (78.5%) samples tested negative for DENV by both tests (new mRT-qPCR and reference test). The sensitivity and specificity of mRT-qPCR were 100%. The DENV serotypes detected were DENV-1 60.5% (26/43) and DENV-3 39.5% (17/43). CHIKV was not detected in this study. Our new mRT-qPCR is sensitive, cost-effective, simple, and can be used in developing country laboratories.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate efficiency of HAART in the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission.Methods:A longitudinal study was conducted on 1 300 women attending the antenatal service at Saint Camille Medical Centre...Objective:To evaluate efficiency of HAART in the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission.Methods:A longitudinal study was conducted on 1 300 women attending the antenatal service at Saint Camille Medical Centre from September 2010 to July 2011.The HIV status of mothers was determined by rapid tests and EUSA.Discordant results were confirmed by real-time PCR.PCR was used to determine HIV status of children born from HIV-positive mothers.Results:Among 1 300 pregnant women tested for HIV,378 were seropositive.Mothers were predominantly housewives(69.7%),and their mean age was(28.32±0.15) years.The overall prevalence of HIV transmission from mother to child was 4.8%(18/378).This prevalence differed significantly from 0.0%(0/114) to 6.8%(18/264) in children born from mothers under HAART and those with mothers under New Prophylactic Protocol(ACT + 3TC + NVP),respectively(P【 0.01).Children’s mortality rate during the medical follow up was 1.3%(5/378).Among 16 women with HIV dubious status by ELISA,the Real Time PCR confirmed 2/16(12.5%) as HIV positive. Conclusions:The protocol of prevention of mother to children HIV transmission(PMTCT) is effective.The rate of HIV vertical transmission is significantly reduced.Early diagnosis determined by PCR of children born from HIV- positive mother is necessary and recommended in the context of PMTCT in Burkina Faso.We also found that PCR is an effective tool to confirm HIV status in pregnant women.展开更多
Objective:To assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria over the last three years in the northern Togo.Methods:From January 2007 to January 2010,533 cereb...Objective:To assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria over the last three years in the northern Togo.Methods:From January 2007 to January 2010,533 cerebrospinal fluids(CSF) samples were collected from patients suspected of meningitis in the Regional Hospital of Dapaong(northern Togo).After microscopic examination,samples were cultured for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility. Results:The study included 533 patients(306 male and 227 female) aged from 1 day to 55 years [average age(13.00±2.07) years].Bacterial isolation and identification were attempted for 254/533 (47.65%) samples.The bacteria]species identified were:Neisseria meningitidis A(N.meningitidis A)(58.27%),Neisseria meningitidis W135(N,meningitidis W135)(7.09%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)(26.77%),Haemophilus influenza B(H.influenza B)(6.30%) and Enterobacteriaceae(1.57%).The results indicated that bacterial meningitis occur from November to May with a peak in February for H.influenzae and S.pneumoniae and March for Neisseriaceae. The distribution of positive CSF with regards to the age showed that subjects between 6 and 12 years followed by subjects of 0 to 5 years were most affected with respective frequencies of 67.82%and 56.52%(P【0.001).Susceptibility tests revealed that bacteria have developed resistance to several antibiotics including aminosides(resistance rate】20%for both bacterial strains),macrolides(resistance rate】30%for H.influenzae) quinolones(resistance rate】15% for H.influenzae and N.meningitidis W135).Over three years,the prevalence of S.pneumoniae significantly increased from 8.48%to 73.33%(P【0.001),while the changes in the prevalence of H.influenzae B were not statistically significant:4.24%,vs.8.89%,(P= 0.233).Conclusions: Our results indicate that data in African countries differ depending on geographical location in relation to the African meningitis belt.This underlines the importance of epidemiological surveillance of bacterial meningitis.展开更多
The severity of hepatic pathology and the response to treatment depend on the hepatitis virus genotype in the infected host. The objective of this review was to determine the distribution of hepatitis virus genotypes ...The severity of hepatic pathology and the response to treatment depend on the hepatitis virus genotype in the infected host. The objective of this review was to determine the distribution of hepatitis virus genotypes in West African countries. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct was performed to identify 52 relevant articles reporting hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses genotypes.Hepatitis B virus(HBV) genotype E with a prevalence of 90.6%(95%CI: 0.891-0.920) found in this review, is characterized by low genetic diversity. Hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes 1 and 2 represented 96.4% of HCV infections in West African countries, while hepatitis delta virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis G virus genotypes 1 and HEV genotype 3 were reported in some studies in Ghana and Nigeria. HBV genotype E is characterized by high prevalence, low genetic diversity and wide geographical distribution. Further studies on the clinical implications of HBV genotype E and HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are needed for the development of an effective treatment against this viral hepatitis in West African countries. Surveillance of the distribution of different genotypes is also needed to reduce recombination rates and prevent the emergence of more virulent viral strains.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three plants.Phytochemical analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also ...Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three plants.Phytochemical analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried out.Methods:The 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl（DPPH） free radical scavenging,NCCLS broth microdilution and Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase（pLDH） assays were used to determine antioxidant,antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities,respectively.Haemolysis assay was conducted on A<sup>+</sup> human red blood cells and acute toxicity on male Swiss albino mice.Phenolics were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric methods.Results:The DPPH assay yielded interesting antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Parinari curatellifolia（P.curatellifolia） and Entada africana （E.africana）(IC<sub>50</sub> were 0.20±0.01μg/mL and 0.47±0.01μg/mL,respectively).This activity was highly correlated with phenolic contents of extracts.The antimicrobial tests displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations（MICs） values ranging from 0.90 to 1.80 mg/mL for Serratia marcescens （5.marcescens） the most susceptible bacterial strain.MIC value was 1.20 mg/mL for susceptible fungal strains including Mucor rouxi（M.rouxi）,Fusarium oxyporum（F.oxyporum） and Rhizopus nigricans（R.nigricans）.pLDH assay showed moderate antiplasmodial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca（B.aegyptiaca）(IC<sub>50</sub>= 24.56±3.45μg/mL),however this extract was highly haemolytic and toxic in mice(LD<sub>50</sub>= 625±128mg/kg).Conclusions:Our results support in part the use of the selected plants in the treatment of microbial infections.In addition the plant showed interesting antioxidant activity that could be useful in the management of oxidative stress.展开更多
The spread of resistance to antimalarials is a major public health problem worldwide and especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the highest morbidity and mortality rates are found with a critical scarcity of data on r...The spread of resistance to antimalarials is a major public health problem worldwide and especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the highest morbidity and mortality rates are found with a critical scarcity of data on resistance. The objective of this review is to describe the mutations in the pfdhfr, pfdhps and k13 genes associated with resistance to artemisinin and Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine reported in West Africa during the decade 2007 to 2017 followed by a meta-analysis of their prevalence. A bibliographic search on the MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Sciences Direct databases made it possible to find 405 scientific papers relating to resistance to artemisinin and to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine during the period 2007-2017. The analysis has concerned 217 scientific articles after the elimination of duplicates with 57 articles included in this review after the examination of titles and abstracts. The results of the present review show that the dhfr and dhps mutants are widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Although, Kelch 13 mutants from Southeast Asia associated with artemisinin resistance are still absent in West Africa, studies have reported the presence of synonymous or non-K13 mutations correlated with a delay in parasite clearance in Burkina Faso (2.26%), Senegal (5.5%) and Togo (1.8%). The increased prevalence of dhfr and dhps mutants in West Africa could jeopardize its use for intermittent preventive treatment in the near future. Despite the absence of strains resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapy in the West African region, increased surveillance is necessary to prevent the rapid occurrence of possible resistance, especially in the context of synonymous or non-K13 mutations correlated with a delay in parasitic clearance.展开更多
Objective:To investigate 4 combinations of mutations responsible for glucose-6—phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency in a rural community of Burkina Faso,a malaria endemic country.Methods:Two hundred individuals i...Objective:To investigate 4 combinations of mutations responsible for glucose-6—phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency in a rural community of Burkina Faso,a malaria endemic country.Methods:Two hundred individuals in a rural community were genotyped for the mutations A376 G.G202A,A542 T,G680T and T968 C using TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism assays and polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:The prevalence of the G6 PD deficiency was 9.5%,in the study population.It was significantly higher in men compared to women(14.23%vs 6.0%,P=0.049).The 202A/376 G G6PD Awas the only deficient variant detected.Plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic parasitemia was significantly higher among the C6PD-non—deficient persons compared to the G6PD-deficient(P<0.001).The asymptomatic parasitemia was also significantly higher among G(SPI) nondeficient compared to C6PD—heterozygous females(P<0.001).Conclusions:This study showed that the G6 PD A- variant associated with protection against asymptomatic malaria in Burkina Faso is probably the most common deficient variant.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella among pregnant women at Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso.Methods:All patient sera were tested for rubella and toxoplasmosis anti-IgG using commercial ELISA ...Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella among pregnant women at Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso.Methods:All patient sera were tested for rubella and toxoplasmosis anti-IgG using commercial ELISA kits(Platelia<sup>TM</sup>Rubella IgG and Platelia? Toxo IgG).The presence of anti-rubella and anti-toxoplasmosis tgM in serum samples was tested using commercial ELISA kits Platelia Rubella TgM and Platelia Toxo IgM.Results:Among all the pregnant women tested for toxoplasmosis and rubella,their prevalence were 20.3% and 77.0%,respectively.Pregnant women in the age group of 18-25 years showed the highest frequency of anti-toxoplasmosis（34.5%） and anti-rubella IgG（84.6%）.The prevalence of anti-toxoplasma and anti-rubella IgG decreased between 2006 and 2008 from 32.7%to 12.1%and 84.6% to 65.0%,respectively.There was no significant association between age and the mean titer of anti-toxoplasmosis IgG among pregnant women.Conclusions:The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and rubella is necessary in pregnant women in Burkina Faso because of the low immunization coverage rate of rubella and the high level of exposure to these two infections which can be harmful to the newborn if contracted by women before the third trimester of pregnancy.展开更多
Objective::To identify Candida species in asymptomatic subjects in Bobo-Dioulasso(Burkina Faso) by the matrix—assisted laser desortption ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry.Methods:A cross-sectional study wa...Objective::To identify Candida species in asymptomatic subjects in Bobo-Dioulasso(Burkina Faso) by the matrix—assisted laser desortption ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2013 in BohoDioulasso to coiled fecal and urine specimens from voluntary donors.Fungal strains were isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and analyzed using matrix—assisted laser desorption ionisation—time-of—flight mass spectrometry.Results:A total of 135 samples including stools(78.5%,106/135) and urine(21.5%,29/135) were analyzed.The results revealed that fecal specimens contained mainly Candida krusei(C.krusei)(42.5%) followed by Candida albicans(29.3%),Candida glabrata(18.0%) and Candida tropicalis(C.tropicalis)(4.7%).C.krusei(34.6%) was also found to be the most frequently identified in urine samples followed by Candida albicans(27.0%).C.tropicalis(15.4%) and Candida parapsilosis,However,uncommon species such as Candida nivariensis.Candida kefyr.Candida norvegensis,Candida parapsilosis.Candida lusitaniae and Candida robusta were also identified from fecal and urines samples.Conclusions:This study noted the emergence of species such as C.krusei,Candida glabrata,Candida parapsiolosis,C.tropicalis,Candida nivariensis,Candida norvegensis,and others.It is an imperative to take into account the existence of these species in the therapeutic management of patients in Bobo—Dioulasso.展开更多
Background: Despite efforts to fight, HIV/AIDS mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT), as well as abortion and infant mortality, remains a problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Indeed, a low level of CD4 and a high vir...Background: Despite efforts to fight, HIV/AIDS mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT), as well as abortion and infant mortality, remains a problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Indeed, a low level of CD4 and a high viral load can be associated with these situations. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of MTCT, spontaneous abortion and infant mortality in HIV-1 infected women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. This was a prospective study conducted from May 2014 to September 2017 and involved 423 HIV-1 infected women followed at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Sociodemographic data were collected through a questionnaire. The CD4 count and HIV-1 viral load were determined using respectively BD FACSCount and Abbott m2000rt instruments. Bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed for associations with a significance threshold for p Results: The average age of women was 38.75 ± 7.98 years. Rates of MTCT, abortion and infant mortality were 16.31%, 30.49% and 34.75%, respectively. The number of pregnancies was associated with the number of infant deaths (p = 0.002). A correlation between the number of pregnancies and infant mortality was observed (p = 0.002) with a relatively high rate (28.6%) among women who had three pregnancies. In addition, marital status was associated with HIV-1 infection in infants (p = 0.042) and spontaneous abortion (p = 0.033). HIV-1 infected women with low CD4 counts (less than 350 cells/μL) and those with viral load more than 1000 copies/mL were about twice as likely to have an spontaneous abortion [OR (IC 95%): 2.50 (1.085 - 5.760);p = 0.03] and [OR (95% CI): 2.16 (1.043 - 4.505);p = 0.04]. Conclusions: The results of this study show the need to improve the treatment of HIV-1 infected women in order to restore CD4 levels and make viral load of HIV-1 undetectable.展开更多
Taro is a perennial herbaceous plant whose large leaves are mainly used as vegetables in human food in several tropical countries. However, young taro leaves are not eaten very much in Burkina Faso unlike other countr...Taro is a perennial herbaceous plant whose large leaves are mainly used as vegetables in human food in several tropical countries. However, young taro leaves are not eaten very much in Burkina Faso unlike other countries which have made them a staple diet. In the present work, we collected leaves of taro varieties cultivated in the provinces of Comoe and Kenedougou. Our study aimed to determine the biochemical composition of these leaves in order to detect their nutritional quality. For this purpose, we first determined the total sugars in our different samples;then quantify the proteins and finally assay the lipids contained in the leaves of the different varieties of taro harvested. Analysis of the organic constituents gave the following results: proteins (186.29 to 265.23 μg EQ/100mg fresh leaves), fats (0.28% to 1.90%), carbohydrates (183.03 to 238.57 μg EG/100mg fresh leaves). The highest energy value was obtained with the variety BF/CO/06 (1728.71 kcal/kg) and the lowest with BF/CO/04 (272.15 kcal/kg). This study allowed us to conclude that the taro leaves (Colocasia esculenta) studied are of nutritional interest with regard to their biochemical composition.展开更多
Chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) remains a major public health problem in Burkina Faso. Since access to diagnostic tests and treatments is limited because of their high cost, the majority of the population turn to trad...Chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) remains a major public health problem in Burkina Faso. Since access to diagnostic tests and treatments is limited because of their high cost, the majority of the population turn to traditional herbal treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a plant recipe called Hepatib tiben. It consisted of comparing certain biochemical and molecular parameters of patients infected with HBV that were supported by the recipe. The patients were recruited in Ouagadougou by the traditional health practitioner according to the requirements of the study. Thus 44 patients aged 20 to 61 years and carrier of HBsAg for at least 06 months were treated with Hepatib tiben. The tests were performed in the laboratory before and three months after the treatment. ELISA tests were used to confirm the presence of HBsAg and search for anti-HCV antibodies;transaminases, creatinine were quantified by the “Chem 400” automaton and the viral load of HBV by Real-time PCR. The analysis of the results reveals an improvement of the biochemical and molecular parameters of the patients with the following means (ASAT: 21.02 ± 9.97;ALAT: 21.11 ± 13.27;DNA: 1571.82 ± 3990.97 with p = 0.01 for each). As for HBsAg, its disappearance was observed in 4.55% of patients after treatment. The evaluation of the creatinine parameter explained that the recipe of plants has a tolerated effect on the kidneys of treated patients. These results, while encouraging, need to be complemented by further research for the development of effective phytomedicine to treat and eliminate this viral hepatitis B virus.展开更多
The highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has allowed people living with HIV to live longer with a better quality of life. However, toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance arise from HAART use. Therefor...The highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has allowed people living with HIV to live longer with a better quality of life. However, toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance arise from HAART use. Therefore, new antiretroviral therapy is needed since no cure or vaccine is available against HIV. Virus-host interaction has been proven to be important in the last decade. Host factors such as the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), a receptor used by HIV to penetrate host cells, have led to the discovery of the Maraviroc, which is an antiretroviral medication used in the United States. In contrast, other factors like C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) and the Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), a potent host defense factor against HIV, is under investigation. APOBEC3G antiviral activity remains a possible therapeutic target against HIV. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the role of APOBEC3G polymorphisms and their expression on HIV infection disease progression in Africa. We used Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar and searched for relevant publications in French or English reporting on APOBEC3G polymorphisms association with HIV infection in African populations from January 2009 to May 2023. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes) was used to process for reporting systematic review. Fifteen studies were included, of which seven were on APOBEC3G polymorphisms and eight were on APOBEC3G expression. Among the APOBEC3G polymorphisms, the most studied was H186R or rs8177832. The average of the minor allele frequency of H186R of APOBEC3G available for the studies included in this study was 0.29 with a 95% CI (0.172;0.401) and varied from 0.108 reported in Uganda to 0.47 recorded from Burkina Faso. The polymorphism H186R was not associated with HIV status in Southern Africa. However, the referent allele of H186R was protective against HIV infection in Western Central Africa, while in West Africa, it was the minor allele (G) of H186R which was protective against HIV. This review warrants a need to increase research on APOBEC3G, from its variants to its hypermutations on the continent with an essential variety of HIV-1 subtypes, to impact the research on A3G-based anti-HIV strategies.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the polymorphisms of the DC-SIGN (-336 A/G, rs4804803) gene and their association with the immunopathogenicity of dengue fever in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of ...Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the polymorphisms of the DC-SIGN (-336 A/G, rs4804803) gene and their association with the immunopathogenicity of dengue fever in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of three hundred forty-one subjects, patients of all ages have been included in the study: 208 persons presenting clinical signs of dengue fever which were confirmed by diagnostic and 133 Healthy Controls. Genotyping for the CD209 variant (-336 A/G, rs4804803) was carried out using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Haplotype frequencies were inferred and compared between the study groups. Results: The percentage of men was 61.88% (211/341) and 38.12% (130/341) for women. The highest frequency of dengue fever (77.42%) was noted in patients with age between 20 to 40 years. Around 1.52% of the study population was positive for HIV, 40.55% were carriers of HBV and 3.83% of HCV. Genotype distribution of the CD209 variant (-336 A/G, rs4804803) was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both patients and controls. The frequency of allele A was higher than allele G;however, statistical analyses showed that there is no significant difference in genotypes GG, AG and AA in patients and controls. Conclusion: This related no significant association with dengue for the variant of ?336 A/G in the DC-SIGN gene in an Ouagadougou population. However, our results offered the SNP frequencies in a West African population, which might be useful for the study of ethnic groups.展开更多
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV-HR genotypes in the population of sexually active women in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Methods: This study took place at Souro Sanou Teaching Hospit...The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV-HR genotypes in the population of sexually active women in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Methods: This study took place at Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso from September to June 2017. A total of 234 women in the gynecological period and also sexually active were enrolled after they gave an individual consent. Swabbing of the endocervical canal was done. From the sample stored at -20°C, the viral DNA was extracted using the “DNA-Sorb-A” kit from SACACE biotechnologies®. Amplification of the PCR of the extracted DNA was made, using the “HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant” V67-100 FRT kit. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 17.0 and Epi Info 6. Chi-square and Fisher’s tests were used to compare proportions and averages;a link was significant when p 0.05. Results: The mean age was 30.7 ± 7.3 years (median: 30 years);84.5% of them were married, 43.5% had a socio-professional activity and 61% were schooled. A total of 20.6% of women were positive for at least one of the following HPV-HR genotypes: HPV 18, 31, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68. Genotypes the most frequently found were HPV 52 with 11 cases (17.2%) and 66 with 10 cases (15.6%). Conclusion: Our results show a predominance of HPV-HR genotypes not covered by available vaccines. Mapping genotypes are needed to fully understand viral ecology at the national level. But for instance, the nonavalent vaccine, which has a better coverage of the predominant genotypes, is to be promoted.展开更多
<strong>Introduction: </strong>In Burkina Faso, screening for hepatitis C virus in blood donations is made using sensitive ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) type kits. However, no confirmation of ...<strong>Introduction: </strong>In Burkina Faso, screening for hepatitis C virus in blood donations is made using sensitive ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) type kits. However, no confirmation of the positive results obtained with these kits is made before their notification to the blood donors due to the high costs of the confirmation kits of immunoblots type. <strong>Objective:</strong> Evaluate two rapid kits against one immunoblot kit in order to determine the most efficiency which will be proposed as an alternative for the confirmation of ELISA tests in the socio-economic context of Burkina Faso. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>The study was carried out using a panel of 72 sera, of which 22 were positive for anti-HCV antibodies and 50 were negative. The sera were tested using the Monolisa<span style="white-space:nowrap;">®</span> HCV Ag-Ab ULTRA kit and confirmed with the DECISCAN HCV Plus kit. The panel was then tested with the SD BIOLINE HCV kit and the HCV TRI-DOT kit and the results obtained were evaluated against those of the DECISCAN HCV Plus kit used as “gold standard”. <strong>Results:</strong> Compared to the DECISCAN HCV Plus kit, the HCV TRI-DOT kit exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and the SD BIOLINE HCV kit a sensitivity of 86.36% and a specificity of 100%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the results recorded by the HCV TRI-DOT kit, it would be best suited to the sero-epidemiological context of blood donors from the National Blood Transfusion Center and could be proposed as an alternative for confirmation of ELISA tests.展开更多
文摘Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common cause of significant morbidity, affecting millions of women worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 75%of women of childbearing age will have at least one episode of candidiasis in their lifetime. In the last decades, resistance to azoles has become a public health problem. Although studies on vulvovaginitis have been done, there is lack of VVC studies in our area. The aim of this study was to describe the etiological and resistance profiles of vulvovaginal candidiasis to standard antifungus at the Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso. Methods: We conducted a prospective study from January 2018 to December 2022. From vulvovaginal swabs, Candida species were identified using the ChromID® Candida Agar medium and the API® Candida gallery. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer agar disk diffusion. Results: A total of 4789 women were sampled. The average age of sexually active women was 27.80+/−6.77 years, with extremes ranging from 15 to 64 years. Vaginal Candida infections accounted for 74.16% of the cases. The 20 - 29 age group was the most affected by vulvovaginal candidiasis. Pregnant women accounted for 28.76% of our study population. Women in the second (2nd) trimester of pregnancy had more Candida infections. Candida albicans was the most isolated species (55.12%), followed by Candida glabrata (27.64%), Candida tropicalis (6.91%), Candida famata (6.67%), Candida krusei (2.56%). All the Candida species isolated showed very high of resistance to Fluconazole (45.2%), Miconazole (23.7%) and Clotrimazole (45.7%). Conclusion: Species-specific antifungal results should always be considered to avoid antifungal resistance associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Identifying the causative species using vaginal fungal cultures can help guide therapy and improve outcomes for these patients.
文摘Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 6.8% of new cancer cases and 8.1% of cancer-related deaths. About 85% of these deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and distribution of the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in women showing cytological abnormalities of the cervix at the Sourô SANOU University Hospital (CHUSS) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. This is a descriptive study of women recruited at the CHUSS. The cervico-uterine smear examination was carried out at the CHUSS Anatomy and Pathology Department for cervical cancer screening. The data were collected from women with atypical cells on their cervico-uterine smear. Cervicovaginal samples were taken from consenting women and HPV genotyping was performed using the HPV Direct FLOW CHIP kit at CERBA. We obtained approval from the ethics committee. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 26 software. The results of the study showed that 67.79% of the participants were aged between 50 and 65, a group that is particularly vulnerable to persistent infection with high-risk oncogenic HPV genotypes. Of the women screened, 40.7% were HPV positive and 29.2% had multiple infections. The most common genotypes were HPV 35, followed by HPV 18, 52, 58 and 66. These data highlight the need for increased surveillance and targeted prevention strategies among this female population.
文摘Background: In recent years, Burkina Faso has faced increasing insecurity and terrorist attacks. The police, gendarmerie, and justice services are very often in demand to carry out criminal investigations, which are slowed down or incomplete due to the absence of DNA analysis on biological samples from crime scenes and on apprehended suspects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of DNA analysis to the resolution of criminal cases in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This study was carried out from June 2019 to July 2020. Three (03) crimes were investigated, and DNA analysis was performed on biological samples from the crime scene, suspects, and victims using the AmpFlSTR® identifiler® Direct kit on the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer. Results: In the explosion case, the alleles found in the victim were the same as those identified in the blood trace from the crime scene. In the armed robbery case, there was a perfect match between the DNA profile of the blood trail and that of suspect 2 for all 15 STRs analyzed. In the murder case, the DNA profile of the murdered man’s son and the DNA profile of the biological trace were identical. Conclusion: The DNA analyses carried out in criminal cases have identified the perpetrators of the crimes. Their guilt or innocence will be confirmed by the investigators during the interrogations and hearings.
文摘DNA testing for biological relationships is becoming increasingly common in Burkina Faso. STR analysis remains the most reliable technique for resolving disputes or claims in court regarding biological relationships. This study aimed to establish the links of biological relationships between subjects by analyzing 21 STR loci. The participants were 14 individuals referred to CERBA by the Justice in 2022. Oral or blood samples were taken for each subject. DNA was extracted, and the analysis of DNA polymorphism by PowerPlex® 21 Kit (Part No. DC8902) was performed by capillary electrophoresis on the ABI PRISM 3130 sequencer. DNA profiles were compiled using the GeneMapper IDX software version 1.2. Of the fourteen subjects examined, twelve of these samples had complete genetic profiles, while the other two had partial and absent profiles. The results confirmed the inclusion of three cases of Paternity, one case of maternity, one case of a relationship of brotherhood, and the exclusion of one case of maternity and one case of a relationship of brotherhood. DNA tests improve the resolution of filiations, but they require ethical and cultural awareness and a strengthened legal framework to prevent and protect society.
文摘Introduction: Arbovirus diseases such as dengue and chikungunya threaten public health worldwide. Early and rapid diagnosis and surveillance of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections are essential to the control of these diseases. In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic performance of our new in-house multiplex RT-qPCR method for detecting DENV serotypes and CHIKV in an external laboratory. Methodology: The evaluation study was conducted on 200 clinical samples of suspected patients for arbovirus disease infection, collected in Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Our new multiplex RT-qPCR was compared to the commercial kit, the Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya (ZDC) Real-Time PCR Assays kit (Bio-Rad, California, USA). Results and Conclusions: Among 200 samples, 21.5% (43/200) were DENV-positive by multiplex RT-qPCR, and 21.5% (43/200) were also DENV-positive by reference real-time RT-PCR. 157 (78.5%) samples tested negative for DENV by both tests (new mRT-qPCR and reference test). The sensitivity and specificity of mRT-qPCR were 100%. The DENV serotypes detected were DENV-1 60.5% (26/43) and DENV-3 39.5% (17/43). CHIKV was not detected in this study. Our new mRT-qPCR is sensitive, cost-effective, simple, and can be used in developing country laboratories.
基金the Episcopal Italian Conference in Roma,Italy,for the financial support
文摘Objective:To evaluate efficiency of HAART in the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission.Methods:A longitudinal study was conducted on 1 300 women attending the antenatal service at Saint Camille Medical Centre from September 2010 to July 2011.The HIV status of mothers was determined by rapid tests and EUSA.Discordant results were confirmed by real-time PCR.PCR was used to determine HIV status of children born from HIV-positive mothers.Results:Among 1 300 pregnant women tested for HIV,378 were seropositive.Mothers were predominantly housewives(69.7%),and their mean age was(28.32±0.15) years.The overall prevalence of HIV transmission from mother to child was 4.8%(18/378).This prevalence differed significantly from 0.0%(0/114) to 6.8%(18/264) in children born from mothers under HAART and those with mothers under New Prophylactic Protocol(ACT + 3TC + NVP),respectively(P【 0.01).Children’s mortality rate during the medical follow up was 1.3%(5/378).Among 16 women with HIV dubious status by ELISA,the Real Time PCR confirmed 2/16(12.5%) as HIV positive. Conclusions:The protocol of prevention of mother to children HIV transmission(PMTCT) is effective.The rate of HIV vertical transmission is significantly reduced.Early diagnosis determined by PCR of children born from HIV- positive mother is necessary and recommended in the context of PMTCT in Burkina Faso.We also found that PCR is an effective tool to confirm HIV status in pregnant women.
文摘Objective:To assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria over the last three years in the northern Togo.Methods:From January 2007 to January 2010,533 cerebrospinal fluids(CSF) samples were collected from patients suspected of meningitis in the Regional Hospital of Dapaong(northern Togo).After microscopic examination,samples were cultured for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility. Results:The study included 533 patients(306 male and 227 female) aged from 1 day to 55 years [average age(13.00±2.07) years].Bacterial isolation and identification were attempted for 254/533 (47.65%) samples.The bacteria]species identified were:Neisseria meningitidis A(N.meningitidis A)(58.27%),Neisseria meningitidis W135(N,meningitidis W135)(7.09%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)(26.77%),Haemophilus influenza B(H.influenza B)(6.30%) and Enterobacteriaceae(1.57%).The results indicated that bacterial meningitis occur from November to May with a peak in February for H.influenzae and S.pneumoniae and March for Neisseriaceae. The distribution of positive CSF with regards to the age showed that subjects between 6 and 12 years followed by subjects of 0 to 5 years were most affected with respective frequencies of 67.82%and 56.52%(P【0.001).Susceptibility tests revealed that bacteria have developed resistance to several antibiotics including aminosides(resistance rate】20%for both bacterial strains),macrolides(resistance rate】30%for H.influenzae) quinolones(resistance rate】15% for H.influenzae and N.meningitidis W135).Over three years,the prevalence of S.pneumoniae significantly increased from 8.48%to 73.33%(P【0.001),while the changes in the prevalence of H.influenzae B were not statistically significant:4.24%,vs.8.89%,(P= 0.233).Conclusions: Our results indicate that data in African countries differ depending on geographical location in relation to the African meningitis belt.This underlines the importance of epidemiological surveillance of bacterial meningitis.
文摘The severity of hepatic pathology and the response to treatment depend on the hepatitis virus genotype in the infected host. The objective of this review was to determine the distribution of hepatitis virus genotypes in West African countries. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct was performed to identify 52 relevant articles reporting hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses genotypes.Hepatitis B virus(HBV) genotype E with a prevalence of 90.6%(95%CI: 0.891-0.920) found in this review, is characterized by low genetic diversity. Hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes 1 and 2 represented 96.4% of HCV infections in West African countries, while hepatitis delta virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis G virus genotypes 1 and HEV genotype 3 were reported in some studies in Ghana and Nigeria. HBV genotype E is characterized by high prevalence, low genetic diversity and wide geographical distribution. Further studies on the clinical implications of HBV genotype E and HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are needed for the development of an effective treatment against this viral hepatitis in West African countries. Surveillance of the distribution of different genotypes is also needed to reduce recombination rates and prevent the emergence of more virulent viral strains.
文摘Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three plants.Phytochemical analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried out.Methods:The 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl（DPPH） free radical scavenging,NCCLS broth microdilution and Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase（pLDH） assays were used to determine antioxidant,antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities,respectively.Haemolysis assay was conducted on A<sup>+</sup> human red blood cells and acute toxicity on male Swiss albino mice.Phenolics were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric methods.Results:The DPPH assay yielded interesting antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Parinari curatellifolia（P.curatellifolia） and Entada africana （E.africana）(IC<sub>50</sub> were 0.20±0.01μg/mL and 0.47±0.01μg/mL,respectively).This activity was highly correlated with phenolic contents of extracts.The antimicrobial tests displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations（MICs） values ranging from 0.90 to 1.80 mg/mL for Serratia marcescens （5.marcescens） the most susceptible bacterial strain.MIC value was 1.20 mg/mL for susceptible fungal strains including Mucor rouxi（M.rouxi）,Fusarium oxyporum（F.oxyporum） and Rhizopus nigricans（R.nigricans）.pLDH assay showed moderate antiplasmodial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca（B.aegyptiaca）(IC<sub>50</sub>= 24.56±3.45μg/mL),however this extract was highly haemolytic and toxic in mice(LD<sub>50</sub>= 625±128mg/kg).Conclusions:Our results support in part the use of the selected plants in the treatment of microbial infections.In addition the plant showed interesting antioxidant activity that could be useful in the management of oxidative stress.
文摘The spread of resistance to antimalarials is a major public health problem worldwide and especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the highest morbidity and mortality rates are found with a critical scarcity of data on resistance. The objective of this review is to describe the mutations in the pfdhfr, pfdhps and k13 genes associated with resistance to artemisinin and Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine reported in West Africa during the decade 2007 to 2017 followed by a meta-analysis of their prevalence. A bibliographic search on the MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Sciences Direct databases made it possible to find 405 scientific papers relating to resistance to artemisinin and to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine during the period 2007-2017. The analysis has concerned 217 scientific articles after the elimination of duplicates with 57 articles included in this review after the examination of titles and abstracts. The results of the present review show that the dhfr and dhps mutants are widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Although, Kelch 13 mutants from Southeast Asia associated with artemisinin resistance are still absent in West Africa, studies have reported the presence of synonymous or non-K13 mutations correlated with a delay in parasite clearance in Burkina Faso (2.26%), Senegal (5.5%) and Togo (1.8%). The increased prevalence of dhfr and dhps mutants in West Africa could jeopardize its use for intermittent preventive treatment in the near future. Despite the absence of strains resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapy in the West African region, increased surveillance is necessary to prevent the rapid occurrence of possible resistance, especially in the context of synonymous or non-K13 mutations correlated with a delay in parasitic clearance.
基金Supported by West African Economic and Monetary Union(WAEMU)through the Programme d'appui et de developpement des centres d'excellence regionaux.Grant No.PACERⅡ
文摘Objective:To investigate 4 combinations of mutations responsible for glucose-6—phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency in a rural community of Burkina Faso,a malaria endemic country.Methods:Two hundred individuals in a rural community were genotyped for the mutations A376 G.G202A,A542 T,G680T and T968 C using TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism assays and polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:The prevalence of the G6 PD deficiency was 9.5%,in the study population.It was significantly higher in men compared to women(14.23%vs 6.0%,P=0.049).The 202A/376 G G6PD Awas the only deficient variant detected.Plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic parasitemia was significantly higher among the C6PD-non—deficient persons compared to the G6PD-deficient(P<0.001).The asymptomatic parasitemia was also significantly higher among G(SPI) nondeficient compared to C6PD—heterozygous females(P<0.001).Conclusions:This study showed that the G6 PD A- variant associated with protection against asymptomatic malaria in Burkina Faso is probably the most common deficient variant.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella among pregnant women at Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso.Methods:All patient sera were tested for rubella and toxoplasmosis anti-IgG using commercial ELISA kits(Platelia<sup>TM</sup>Rubella IgG and Platelia? Toxo IgG).The presence of anti-rubella and anti-toxoplasmosis tgM in serum samples was tested using commercial ELISA kits Platelia Rubella TgM and Platelia Toxo IgM.Results:Among all the pregnant women tested for toxoplasmosis and rubella,their prevalence were 20.3% and 77.0%,respectively.Pregnant women in the age group of 18-25 years showed the highest frequency of anti-toxoplasmosis（34.5%） and anti-rubella IgG（84.6%）.The prevalence of anti-toxoplasma and anti-rubella IgG decreased between 2006 and 2008 from 32.7%to 12.1%and 84.6% to 65.0%,respectively.There was no significant association between age and the mean titer of anti-toxoplasmosis IgG among pregnant women.Conclusions:The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and rubella is necessary in pregnant women in Burkina Faso because of the low immunization coverage rate of rubella and the high level of exposure to these two infections which can be harmful to the newborn if contracted by women before the third trimester of pregnancy.
文摘Objective::To identify Candida species in asymptomatic subjects in Bobo-Dioulasso(Burkina Faso) by the matrix—assisted laser desortption ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2013 in BohoDioulasso to coiled fecal and urine specimens from voluntary donors.Fungal strains were isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and analyzed using matrix—assisted laser desorption ionisation—time-of—flight mass spectrometry.Results:A total of 135 samples including stools(78.5%,106/135) and urine(21.5%,29/135) were analyzed.The results revealed that fecal specimens contained mainly Candida krusei(C.krusei)(42.5%) followed by Candida albicans(29.3%),Candida glabrata(18.0%) and Candida tropicalis(C.tropicalis)(4.7%).C.krusei(34.6%) was also found to be the most frequently identified in urine samples followed by Candida albicans(27.0%).C.tropicalis(15.4%) and Candida parapsilosis,However,uncommon species such as Candida nivariensis.Candida kefyr.Candida norvegensis,Candida parapsilosis.Candida lusitaniae and Candida robusta were also identified from fecal and urines samples.Conclusions:This study noted the emergence of species such as C.krusei,Candida glabrata,Candida parapsiolosis,C.tropicalis,Candida nivariensis,Candida norvegensis,and others.It is an imperative to take into account the existence of these species in the therapeutic management of patients in Bobo—Dioulasso.
文摘Background: Despite efforts to fight, HIV/AIDS mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT), as well as abortion and infant mortality, remains a problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Indeed, a low level of CD4 and a high viral load can be associated with these situations. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of MTCT, spontaneous abortion and infant mortality in HIV-1 infected women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. This was a prospective study conducted from May 2014 to September 2017 and involved 423 HIV-1 infected women followed at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Sociodemographic data were collected through a questionnaire. The CD4 count and HIV-1 viral load were determined using respectively BD FACSCount and Abbott m2000rt instruments. Bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed for associations with a significance threshold for p Results: The average age of women was 38.75 ± 7.98 years. Rates of MTCT, abortion and infant mortality were 16.31%, 30.49% and 34.75%, respectively. The number of pregnancies was associated with the number of infant deaths (p = 0.002). A correlation between the number of pregnancies and infant mortality was observed (p = 0.002) with a relatively high rate (28.6%) among women who had three pregnancies. In addition, marital status was associated with HIV-1 infection in infants (p = 0.042) and spontaneous abortion (p = 0.033). HIV-1 infected women with low CD4 counts (less than 350 cells/μL) and those with viral load more than 1000 copies/mL were about twice as likely to have an spontaneous abortion [OR (IC 95%): 2.50 (1.085 - 5.760);p = 0.03] and [OR (95% CI): 2.16 (1.043 - 4.505);p = 0.04]. Conclusions: The results of this study show the need to improve the treatment of HIV-1 infected women in order to restore CD4 levels and make viral load of HIV-1 undetectable.
文摘Taro is a perennial herbaceous plant whose large leaves are mainly used as vegetables in human food in several tropical countries. However, young taro leaves are not eaten very much in Burkina Faso unlike other countries which have made them a staple diet. In the present work, we collected leaves of taro varieties cultivated in the provinces of Comoe and Kenedougou. Our study aimed to determine the biochemical composition of these leaves in order to detect their nutritional quality. For this purpose, we first determined the total sugars in our different samples;then quantify the proteins and finally assay the lipids contained in the leaves of the different varieties of taro harvested. Analysis of the organic constituents gave the following results: proteins (186.29 to 265.23 μg EQ/100mg fresh leaves), fats (0.28% to 1.90%), carbohydrates (183.03 to 238.57 μg EG/100mg fresh leaves). The highest energy value was obtained with the variety BF/CO/06 (1728.71 kcal/kg) and the lowest with BF/CO/04 (272.15 kcal/kg). This study allowed us to conclude that the taro leaves (Colocasia esculenta) studied are of nutritional interest with regard to their biochemical composition.
文摘Chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) remains a major public health problem in Burkina Faso. Since access to diagnostic tests and treatments is limited because of their high cost, the majority of the population turn to traditional herbal treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a plant recipe called Hepatib tiben. It consisted of comparing certain biochemical and molecular parameters of patients infected with HBV that were supported by the recipe. The patients were recruited in Ouagadougou by the traditional health practitioner according to the requirements of the study. Thus 44 patients aged 20 to 61 years and carrier of HBsAg for at least 06 months were treated with Hepatib tiben. The tests were performed in the laboratory before and three months after the treatment. ELISA tests were used to confirm the presence of HBsAg and search for anti-HCV antibodies;transaminases, creatinine were quantified by the “Chem 400” automaton and the viral load of HBV by Real-time PCR. The analysis of the results reveals an improvement of the biochemical and molecular parameters of the patients with the following means (ASAT: 21.02 ± 9.97;ALAT: 21.11 ± 13.27;DNA: 1571.82 ± 3990.97 with p = 0.01 for each). As for HBsAg, its disappearance was observed in 4.55% of patients after treatment. The evaluation of the creatinine parameter explained that the recipe of plants has a tolerated effect on the kidneys of treated patients. These results, while encouraging, need to be complemented by further research for the development of effective phytomedicine to treat and eliminate this viral hepatitis B virus.
文摘The highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has allowed people living with HIV to live longer with a better quality of life. However, toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance arise from HAART use. Therefore, new antiretroviral therapy is needed since no cure or vaccine is available against HIV. Virus-host interaction has been proven to be important in the last decade. Host factors such as the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), a receptor used by HIV to penetrate host cells, have led to the discovery of the Maraviroc, which is an antiretroviral medication used in the United States. In contrast, other factors like C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) and the Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), a potent host defense factor against HIV, is under investigation. APOBEC3G antiviral activity remains a possible therapeutic target against HIV. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the role of APOBEC3G polymorphisms and their expression on HIV infection disease progression in Africa. We used Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar and searched for relevant publications in French or English reporting on APOBEC3G polymorphisms association with HIV infection in African populations from January 2009 to May 2023. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes) was used to process for reporting systematic review. Fifteen studies were included, of which seven were on APOBEC3G polymorphisms and eight were on APOBEC3G expression. Among the APOBEC3G polymorphisms, the most studied was H186R or rs8177832. The average of the minor allele frequency of H186R of APOBEC3G available for the studies included in this study was 0.29 with a 95% CI (0.172;0.401) and varied from 0.108 reported in Uganda to 0.47 recorded from Burkina Faso. The polymorphism H186R was not associated with HIV status in Southern Africa. However, the referent allele of H186R was protective against HIV infection in Western Central Africa, while in West Africa, it was the minor allele (G) of H186R which was protective against HIV. This review warrants a need to increase research on APOBEC3G, from its variants to its hypermutations on the continent with an essential variety of HIV-1 subtypes, to impact the research on A3G-based anti-HIV strategies.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the polymorphisms of the DC-SIGN (-336 A/G, rs4804803) gene and their association with the immunopathogenicity of dengue fever in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of three hundred forty-one subjects, patients of all ages have been included in the study: 208 persons presenting clinical signs of dengue fever which were confirmed by diagnostic and 133 Healthy Controls. Genotyping for the CD209 variant (-336 A/G, rs4804803) was carried out using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Haplotype frequencies were inferred and compared between the study groups. Results: The percentage of men was 61.88% (211/341) and 38.12% (130/341) for women. The highest frequency of dengue fever (77.42%) was noted in patients with age between 20 to 40 years. Around 1.52% of the study population was positive for HIV, 40.55% were carriers of HBV and 3.83% of HCV. Genotype distribution of the CD209 variant (-336 A/G, rs4804803) was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both patients and controls. The frequency of allele A was higher than allele G;however, statistical analyses showed that there is no significant difference in genotypes GG, AG and AA in patients and controls. Conclusion: This related no significant association with dengue for the variant of ?336 A/G in the DC-SIGN gene in an Ouagadougou population. However, our results offered the SNP frequencies in a West African population, which might be useful for the study of ethnic groups.
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV-HR genotypes in the population of sexually active women in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Methods: This study took place at Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso from September to June 2017. A total of 234 women in the gynecological period and also sexually active were enrolled after they gave an individual consent. Swabbing of the endocervical canal was done. From the sample stored at -20°C, the viral DNA was extracted using the “DNA-Sorb-A” kit from SACACE biotechnologies®. Amplification of the PCR of the extracted DNA was made, using the “HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant” V67-100 FRT kit. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 17.0 and Epi Info 6. Chi-square and Fisher’s tests were used to compare proportions and averages;a link was significant when p 0.05. Results: The mean age was 30.7 ± 7.3 years (median: 30 years);84.5% of them were married, 43.5% had a socio-professional activity and 61% were schooled. A total of 20.6% of women were positive for at least one of the following HPV-HR genotypes: HPV 18, 31, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68. Genotypes the most frequently found were HPV 52 with 11 cases (17.2%) and 66 with 10 cases (15.6%). Conclusion: Our results show a predominance of HPV-HR genotypes not covered by available vaccines. Mapping genotypes are needed to fully understand viral ecology at the national level. But for instance, the nonavalent vaccine, which has a better coverage of the predominant genotypes, is to be promoted.
文摘<strong>Introduction: </strong>In Burkina Faso, screening for hepatitis C virus in blood donations is made using sensitive ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) type kits. However, no confirmation of the positive results obtained with these kits is made before their notification to the blood donors due to the high costs of the confirmation kits of immunoblots type. <strong>Objective:</strong> Evaluate two rapid kits against one immunoblot kit in order to determine the most efficiency which will be proposed as an alternative for the confirmation of ELISA tests in the socio-economic context of Burkina Faso. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>The study was carried out using a panel of 72 sera, of which 22 were positive for anti-HCV antibodies and 50 were negative. The sera were tested using the Monolisa<span style="white-space:nowrap;">®</span> HCV Ag-Ab ULTRA kit and confirmed with the DECISCAN HCV Plus kit. The panel was then tested with the SD BIOLINE HCV kit and the HCV TRI-DOT kit and the results obtained were evaluated against those of the DECISCAN HCV Plus kit used as “gold standard”. <strong>Results:</strong> Compared to the DECISCAN HCV Plus kit, the HCV TRI-DOT kit exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and the SD BIOLINE HCV kit a sensitivity of 86.36% and a specificity of 100%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the results recorded by the HCV TRI-DOT kit, it would be best suited to the sero-epidemiological context of blood donors from the National Blood Transfusion Center and could be proposed as an alternative for confirmation of ELISA tests.
