Conductive materials(CM)can improve methane production(MP)efficiency in many methanogenic systems.However,several types of CM exist,and there are uncertainties regarding whether they all improve MP efficiency to the s...Conductive materials(CM)can improve methane production(MP)efficiency in many methanogenic systems.However,several types of CM exist,and there are uncertainties regarding whether they all improve MP efficiency to the same extent and modulate microbial communities in a similar way.To investigate that,different microbial enrichments with and without activated carbon(AC),magnetite(Mag),and zeolites(Zeo)(at 0.5 g/L)were developed.MP profiles and microbial composition changes were compared among enrichments.The behavior of all enrichments was different,although the initial inoculum sludge was the same.Lag phase duration was lower in AC enrichment,while the complete conversion of butyrate to methane was faster in Mag enrichment.Syntrophomonas was the most abundant bacterial genus in all enrichments,but changes in the methanogenic community were evident.Acetoclastic methanogens were more diverse in Mag enrichment,with microorganisms assigned to Methanosarcina and Methanothrix gener1,but Methanothrix was the only acetoclastic methanogen in the other enrichments.On the other hand,different species of hydrogenotrophic methanogens prevailed in distinct enrichments.The metatranscriptomics results revealed that the dominant mechanism of interspecies electron transfer in the AC enrichment utilized hydrogen as the electron carrier,and no evidences of direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)could be found.These results showed how different CM modulate microbial communities and affect MP efficiency through mechanisms that do not necessarily involve DIET or mediation via CM.展开更多
The growing environmental awareness,the search for alternatives to fossil resources,and the goal of achieving a circular economy have all contributed to the increasing valorization of biowaste to produce bio-based pol...The growing environmental awareness,the search for alternatives to fossil resources,and the goal of achieving a circular economy have all contributed to the increasing valorization of biowaste to produce bio-based polymers and other high-value products.Among the various biowaste materials,lignin has gained significant attention due to its high aromatic carbon content,low cost,and abundance.Lignin is predominantly sourced as a byproduct from the paper industry,available in large quantities from hardwood and softwood,with variations in chemical structure and susceptibility to hydrolysis.This study focuses on softwood lignin obtained through the LignoForce^(TM) technology,comparing the thermal and chemical characteristics,and stability,of a recently produced batch with that of a batch that has been stored for four years.Additionally,the development of lignin-based thermoplastic polymer mixtures using Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol(PET-G)and a blend of Polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(PC/ABS)with high lignin content(50–60 wt%)is explored,as well as the production of filaments for carbon fiber production.For this purpose,following melt mixing,the lignin-based mixtures were spun into filaments,which were subsequently subjected to thermal stabilization in an oxidative atmosphere.The lignin phase was well distributed in the PET-Gmatrix and the twomaterials presented a good interface,which further improved after thermal treatment under an oxidative atmosphere.After thermal treatment an increase in tensile modulus,tensile strength,and elongation at break of approximately 160%,200%,and 100%,respectively,was observed,confirming the good interface established,and consistent with structural changes such as cross-linking.Conversely,the PC/ABS blend did not form a good interface with the lignin domains after melt mixing.Although the interactions improved after thermal treatment,the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased by approximately 30%,while themodulus increased by approximately 20%.Overall,the good processability of the lignin/polymer mixtures into filaments,and their physical,chemical,and mechanical characterization before and after thermal oxidation are good indicators of the potential as precursors for carbon fiber production.展开更多
Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic impact.The use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network functioning.U...Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic impact.The use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network functioning.Ultimately,neuroscientists are trying to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches to treating neurological disorders.The implementation of neural probes with multifunctionalities(electrical,optical,and fluidic interactions)has been increasing in the last few years,leading to the creation of devices with high temporal and spatial resolution.Increasing the applicability of,and elements integrated into,neural probes has also led to the necessity to create flexible interfaces,reducing neural tissue damage during probe implantation and increasing the quality of neural acquisition data.In this paper,we review the fabrication,characterization,and validation of several types of flexible neural probes,exploring the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices.Finally,future developments and applications are covered.Overall,this review aims to present the currently available flexible devices and future appropriate avenues for development as possible guidance for future engineered devices.展开更多
Cordia africana fruit contains a mucilaginous pulp rich in hydrocolloid,providing a natural source of bioactive polyphenols with potential prebiotic and antioxidant properties,whose bioaccessibility and impact on huma...Cordia africana fruit contains a mucilaginous pulp rich in hydrocolloid,providing a natural source of bioactive polyphenols with potential prebiotic and antioxidant properties,whose bioaccessibility and impact on human intestinal microbiota remain unexplored.This study assessed the prebiotic potential,antioxidant activity,and bioaccessibility of C.africana hydrocolloid during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion,including subsequent gut microbiota fermentation.Following upper gastrointestinal digestion,total phenolic content of the hydrocolloid decreased from 61.1±2.4 to 26.8±0.4 mg GAE/g.The phenolic profile also changed,possibly due to digestive biotransformation,leading to the formation of simpler phenolic acids with better bioaccessibility(43.90%).The C.africana hydrocolloid was efficiently fermented by probiotic bacteria belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium,Akkermansia,and Lactobacillus.During gut microbiota fermentation,the hydrocolloid increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and stimulated the production of short-chain fatty acids,mainly acetic and n-butyric acid.Additionally,fermentation led to the release of a high content of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity,resulting in a significant enhancement of free radical scavenging activity.Overall,these findings demonstrate that the C.africana hydrocolloid has prebiotic potential and may contribute to gut microbiota modulation and improved antioxidant functionality,highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient for supporting human health and preventing microbiota-related disorders.展开更多
Rolling contact bearings are critical components in mechanical systems,widely used for their efficiency in reducing friction and supporting loads.Accurately modelling these elements is essential for predicting their p...Rolling contact bearings are critical components in mechanical systems,widely used for their efficiency in reducing friction and supporting loads.Accurately modelling these elements is essential for predicting their performance,durability,and failure mechanisms.Despite significant advancements,there remains a need for a unified framework to evaluate and compare the various existing modelling approaches.This paper aims to critically analyze and compare the most significant rolling-contact bearing models,emphasizing their methodologies,characteristics,and trends.It addresses both static and dynamic modelling approaches,focusing on their assumptions,computational cost,validation processes,and the treatment of contact and friction phenomena.The study encompasses a chronological review of more than 50 relevant models,presented through comprehensive summaries and comparative tables.A detailed analysis of those models makes it possible to identify key trends and advancements in this domain.The main findings reveal significant variability in the approaches used and highlight the lack of a standardized methodology for modelling these complex systems.This work provides a valuable resource for researchers and engineers,guiding future developments toward more robust and comprehensive modelling frameworks.展开更多
The widespread and indiscriminate use of biocides poses significant threats to global health,socioeconomic development,and environmental sustainability by accelerating antibiotic resistance.Bacterial resistance develo...The widespread and indiscriminate use of biocides poses significant threats to global health,socioeconomic development,and environmental sustainability by accelerating antibiotic resistance.Bacterial resistance development is highly complex and influenced significantly by environmental factors.Increased biocide usage in households,agriculture,livestock farming,industrial settings,and hospitals produces persistent chemical residues that pollute soil and aquatic environments.Such contaminants contribute to the selection and proliferation of resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs),facilitating their dissemination among humans,animals,and ecosystems.In this review,we conduct a critical assessment of four significant issues pertaining to this topic.Specifically,(i)the role of biocides in exerting selective pressure within the environmental resistome,thereby promoting the proliferation of resistant microbial populations and contributing to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs);(ii)the role of biocides in triggering transient phenotypic adaptations in bacteria,including efflux pump overexpression,membrane alterations,and reduced porin expression,which often result in cross-resistance to multiple antibiotics;(iii)the capacity of biocides to disrupt bacteria and make the genetic content accessible,releasing DNA into the environment that remains intact under certain conditions,facilitating horizontal gene transfer and the spread of resistance determinants;(iv)the capacity of biocides to disrupt bacterial cells,releasing intact DNA into the environment and enhancing horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants;and(iv)the selective interactions between biocides and bacterial biofilms in the environment,strengthening biofilm cohesion,inducing resistance mechanisms,and creating reservoirs for resistant microorganisms and ARG dissemination.Collectively,this review highlights the critical environmental and public health implications of biocide use,emphasizing an urgent need for strategic interventions to mitigate their role in antibiotic resistance proliferation.展开更多
The radial surface coating layer of compression piston rings is used to improve their wear resistance during the internal combustion engine operation.However,at top dead centers,the friction coefficient of the piston ...The radial surface coating layer of compression piston rings is used to improve their wear resistance during the internal combustion engine operation.However,at top dead centers,the friction coefficient of the piston ring–cylinder liner pair is detrimental to the engine’s tribological performance.In this work,dimples with different texture dimensions and densities were tested in a home-developed tribometer.The friction coefficient was measured for all samples,and for those with the best results,their wear resistance was assessed.The texture with an aspect ratio of 0.25 and a density area of 15%reported the best tribological results.展开更多
Consumer awareness of the impact of synthetic food packaging on the environment has forced the food industry to look for alternatives.Edible films and coatings are increasingly being used as an alternative to conventi...Consumer awareness of the impact of synthetic food packaging on the environment has forced the food industry to look for alternatives.Edible films and coatings are increasingly being used as an alternative to conventional food packaging.They consist of thin layers of biodegradable biomaterials that protect fresh and processed food products from microbial spoilage and improve the safety,quality and functionality of the food without altering its organoleptic and nutritional properties.Recent advances in this area have included the incorporation of probiotic and bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria(LAB)into these matrices.These probiotic LAB,such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains,offer numerous health benefits to consumers,including improving gut health and boosting the immune system.Additionally,the bacteriocins produced by some LAB strains have shown potent anti-microbial activity against a wide range of pathogens,making them an attractive alternative to synthetic preservatives.This review presents recent advances in the use of LAB and their antimicrobial metabolites in edible films and coatings.展开更多
Cocoa bean shell(CBS),a by-product of the chocolate industry,was employed as substrate for the sustainable recovery of bioactive compounds using ohmic heating(OH).Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the...Cocoa bean shell(CBS),a by-product of the chocolate industry,was employed as substrate for the sustainable recovery of bioactive compounds using ohmic heating(OH).Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the treated CBS were optimized by experimental design.Maximum extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds(23 mg GAE/g CBS)was obtained at 67℃,50 min and 44%ethanol(v/v).The antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained under of the central point conditions was 284.5μM Fe^(2+)/g extract(FRAP)and 36.4μM TE/g extract(DPPH).The use of OH increased the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds when compared to the conventional process(CH)(approximately 40%).An increased on the chemical antioxidant activity was also observed,ranging from 4 to 20%.The metabolic activity of the extracts obtained by the two methods(OH and CH)was evaluated in non-tumoral(HEK293T and L929)and tumoral cell lines(Caco-2,HT-29,and HeLa).The CBS extracts presented low toxicity in non-tumoral cells and ROS preventive effects.These characteristics make them ideal to be used in food processing and formulation,as well as nutraceutical products due to their antioxidant protection.The use of OH results in an extract with higher phenolic content and higher antioxidant activity and low environmental impact.展开更多
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and by the CM4Methane project(Ref:PTDC/BTA-BTA/2249/2021,DOI 10.54499/PTDC/BTABTA/2249/2021)FCT and European Union(EU),through the Portuguese State Budget and the European Social Fund under the scope of Norte2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte,also funded the SFRH/BD/132003/2017 and COVID/BD/152431/2022 grants held by Cátia S.N.Braga.,and the SFRH/BD/147271/2019 grant held by João C.Sequeira.M.SaloméDuarte acknowledges FCT for the Junior Research contract obtained under the scope of the Scientific Stimulus Employment 2022(ref:2022.06569.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0004,doi:https://doi.org/10.54499/2022.06569.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0004)PhD M.Fernando R.Pereira and PhD O.SaloméG.Soares from the Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials,Faculty of Engineering(University of Porto),for providing the AC used in this study.
文摘Conductive materials(CM)can improve methane production(MP)efficiency in many methanogenic systems.However,several types of CM exist,and there are uncertainties regarding whether they all improve MP efficiency to the same extent and modulate microbial communities in a similar way.To investigate that,different microbial enrichments with and without activated carbon(AC),magnetite(Mag),and zeolites(Zeo)(at 0.5 g/L)were developed.MP profiles and microbial composition changes were compared among enrichments.The behavior of all enrichments was different,although the initial inoculum sludge was the same.Lag phase duration was lower in AC enrichment,while the complete conversion of butyrate to methane was faster in Mag enrichment.Syntrophomonas was the most abundant bacterial genus in all enrichments,but changes in the methanogenic community were evident.Acetoclastic methanogens were more diverse in Mag enrichment,with microorganisms assigned to Methanosarcina and Methanothrix gener1,but Methanothrix was the only acetoclastic methanogen in the other enrichments.On the other hand,different species of hydrogenotrophic methanogens prevailed in distinct enrichments.The metatranscriptomics results revealed that the dominant mechanism of interspecies electron transfer in the AC enrichment utilized hydrogen as the electron carrier,and no evidences of direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)could be found.These results showed how different CM modulate microbial communities and affect MP efficiency through mechanisms that do not necessarily involve DIET or mediation via CM.
基金funded by Project Better Plastics—Plastics in a Circular Economy—PPS4(Circularity by Alternative Feedstocks)Grant agreement ID:POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046091RR was funded by FCT through the PhD grant with reference UI/BD/154446/2022.
文摘The growing environmental awareness,the search for alternatives to fossil resources,and the goal of achieving a circular economy have all contributed to the increasing valorization of biowaste to produce bio-based polymers and other high-value products.Among the various biowaste materials,lignin has gained significant attention due to its high aromatic carbon content,low cost,and abundance.Lignin is predominantly sourced as a byproduct from the paper industry,available in large quantities from hardwood and softwood,with variations in chemical structure and susceptibility to hydrolysis.This study focuses on softwood lignin obtained through the LignoForce^(TM) technology,comparing the thermal and chemical characteristics,and stability,of a recently produced batch with that of a batch that has been stored for four years.Additionally,the development of lignin-based thermoplastic polymer mixtures using Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol(PET-G)and a blend of Polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(PC/ABS)with high lignin content(50–60 wt%)is explored,as well as the production of filaments for carbon fiber production.For this purpose,following melt mixing,the lignin-based mixtures were spun into filaments,which were subsequently subjected to thermal stabilization in an oxidative atmosphere.The lignin phase was well distributed in the PET-Gmatrix and the twomaterials presented a good interface,which further improved after thermal treatment under an oxidative atmosphere.After thermal treatment an increase in tensile modulus,tensile strength,and elongation at break of approximately 160%,200%,and 100%,respectively,was observed,confirming the good interface established,and consistent with structural changes such as cross-linking.Conversely,the PC/ABS blend did not form a good interface with the lignin domains after melt mixing.Although the interactions improved after thermal treatment,the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased by approximately 30%,while themodulus increased by approximately 20%.Overall,the good processability of the lignin/polymer mixtures into filaments,and their physical,chemical,and mechanical characterization before and after thermal oxidation are good indicators of the potential as precursors for carbon fiber production.
基金This work was supported by the CMEMS-UMinho Strategic Project(Nos.UIDB/04436/2020 and UIDP/04436/2020)and the MPhotonBiopsy(No.PTDC/FIS-OTI/1259/2020https://doi.org/10.54499/PTDC/FIS-OTI/1259/2020)+2 种基金João R.FREITAS thanks Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(FCT)for the Ph.D.grant(No.2020.07708.BD)Sara PIMENTA thanks FCT for the grant(No.2022.00101.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0008https://doi.org/10.54499/2022.00101.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0008).
文摘Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic impact.The use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network functioning.Ultimately,neuroscientists are trying to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches to treating neurological disorders.The implementation of neural probes with multifunctionalities(electrical,optical,and fluidic interactions)has been increasing in the last few years,leading to the creation of devices with high temporal and spatial resolution.Increasing the applicability of,and elements integrated into,neural probes has also led to the necessity to create flexible interfaces,reducing neural tissue damage during probe implantation and increasing the quality of neural acquisition data.In this paper,we review the fabrication,characterization,and validation of several types of flexible neural probes,exploring the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices.Finally,future developments and applications are covered.Overall,this review aims to present the currently available flexible devices and future appropriate avenues for development as possible guidance for future engineered devices.
基金the Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPESFinance Code 001)+2 种基金by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico-Brasil(CNPQ)(Grant numbers:400585/2022-7)supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/04469/2025 research unit,https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04469/2025 and by LABBELS-Asso-ciate Laboratory in Biotechnology,Bioengineering and Micro-electromechanical Systems,LA/P/0029/2020,https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0029/2020.P.Ferreira-Santos would like to express his gratitude to the Consellería de Educacion,Ciencia,Universidades e Formacon Profesional of Xunta de Galicia and the University of Vigo for the postdoctoral contract(reference 0623-137919)under the agreement for the development of strategic actions at the Campus Auga-Ourense(2024-2027)Abigail Gonzalez acknowledge FCT for the Ph.D.grant(2021.06268.BD).
文摘Cordia africana fruit contains a mucilaginous pulp rich in hydrocolloid,providing a natural source of bioactive polyphenols with potential prebiotic and antioxidant properties,whose bioaccessibility and impact on human intestinal microbiota remain unexplored.This study assessed the prebiotic potential,antioxidant activity,and bioaccessibility of C.africana hydrocolloid during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion,including subsequent gut microbiota fermentation.Following upper gastrointestinal digestion,total phenolic content of the hydrocolloid decreased from 61.1±2.4 to 26.8±0.4 mg GAE/g.The phenolic profile also changed,possibly due to digestive biotransformation,leading to the formation of simpler phenolic acids with better bioaccessibility(43.90%).The C.africana hydrocolloid was efficiently fermented by probiotic bacteria belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium,Akkermansia,and Lactobacillus.During gut microbiota fermentation,the hydrocolloid increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and stimulated the production of short-chain fatty acids,mainly acetic and n-butyric acid.Additionally,fermentation led to the release of a high content of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity,resulting in a significant enhancement of free radical scavenging activity.Overall,these findings demonstrate that the C.africana hydrocolloid has prebiotic potential and may contribute to gut microbiota modulation and improved antioxidant functionality,highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient for supporting human health and preventing microbiota-related disorders.
基金support from the European Union through its program NextGenerationEU/PRTR,as part of the projects TED2021-131372A-I00 and PID2020-116984RB-C22the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)+1 种基金the project MEMRIAAP-CM-UC3M,managed by the Regional Government of the Community of Madridsupported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the national support to R&D units grant,with the reference projects UIDB/04436/2020 and UIDP/04436/2020.
文摘Rolling contact bearings are critical components in mechanical systems,widely used for their efficiency in reducing friction and supporting loads.Accurately modelling these elements is essential for predicting their performance,durability,and failure mechanisms.Despite significant advancements,there remains a need for a unified framework to evaluate and compare the various existing modelling approaches.This paper aims to critically analyze and compare the most significant rolling-contact bearing models,emphasizing their methodologies,characteristics,and trends.It addresses both static and dynamic modelling approaches,focusing on their assumptions,computational cost,validation processes,and the treatment of contact and friction phenomena.The study encompasses a chronological review of more than 50 relevant models,presented through comprehensive summaries and comparative tables.A detailed analysis of those models makes it possible to identify key trends and advancements in this domain.The main findings reveal significant variability in the approaches used and highlight the lack of a standardized methodology for modelling these complex systems.This work provides a valuable resource for researchers and engineers,guiding future developments toward more robust and comprehensive modelling frameworks.
基金supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC):LEPABE,UIDB/00511/2020(DOI:10.54499/UIDB/00511/2020)UIDP/00511/2020(DOI:10.54499/UIDP/00511/2020)+2 种基金ALiCE,LA/P/0045/2020(DOI:10.54499/LA/P/0045/2020)by Project Innov Anti Biofilm(ref.101157363)financed by European Commission(Horizon-Widera 2023-Acess-02/Horizon-CSA)Mariana Sousa's PhD scholarship(2023.00337.BD)is provided by The Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT).
文摘The widespread and indiscriminate use of biocides poses significant threats to global health,socioeconomic development,and environmental sustainability by accelerating antibiotic resistance.Bacterial resistance development is highly complex and influenced significantly by environmental factors.Increased biocide usage in households,agriculture,livestock farming,industrial settings,and hospitals produces persistent chemical residues that pollute soil and aquatic environments.Such contaminants contribute to the selection and proliferation of resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs),facilitating their dissemination among humans,animals,and ecosystems.In this review,we conduct a critical assessment of four significant issues pertaining to this topic.Specifically,(i)the role of biocides in exerting selective pressure within the environmental resistome,thereby promoting the proliferation of resistant microbial populations and contributing to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs);(ii)the role of biocides in triggering transient phenotypic adaptations in bacteria,including efflux pump overexpression,membrane alterations,and reduced porin expression,which often result in cross-resistance to multiple antibiotics;(iii)the capacity of biocides to disrupt bacteria and make the genetic content accessible,releasing DNA into the environment that remains intact under certain conditions,facilitating horizontal gene transfer and the spread of resistance determinants;(iv)the capacity of biocides to disrupt bacterial cells,releasing intact DNA into the environment and enhancing horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants;and(iv)the selective interactions between biocides and bacterial biofilms in the environment,strengthening biofilm cohesion,inducing resistance mechanisms,and creating reservoirs for resistant microorganisms and ARG dissemination.Collectively,this review highlights the critical environmental and public health implications of biocide use,emphasizing an urgent need for strategic interventions to mitigate their role in antibiotic resistance proliferation.
基金supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia(FCT)and MAHLE,Componentes de Motores,S.A.through the grant SFRH/BDE/110654/2015by the project Add-Additive with the reference POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024533.
文摘The radial surface coating layer of compression piston rings is used to improve their wear resistance during the internal combustion engine operation.However,at top dead centers,the friction coefficient of the piston ring–cylinder liner pair is detrimental to the engine’s tribological performance.In this work,dimples with different texture dimensions and densities were tested in a home-developed tribometer.The friction coefficient was measured for all samples,and for those with the best results,their wear resistance was assessed.The texture with an aspect ratio of 0.25 and a density area of 15%reported the best tribological results.
基金financed by Fundo Regional para a Ciência e Tecnologia,project M1.1.a/008/Funcionamento/2020(ITTAA),Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT),under the scope of the project UID/CVT/00153/2019strategic funding of UIDB/00153/2020 and UIDB/04469/2020 unit+1 种基金by LABBELS-Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology,Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems,LA/P/0029/2020Sofia PM Silva acknowledges the financial support through grant SFRH/BD/139525/2018 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT).
文摘Consumer awareness of the impact of synthetic food packaging on the environment has forced the food industry to look for alternatives.Edible films and coatings are increasingly being used as an alternative to conventional food packaging.They consist of thin layers of biodegradable biomaterials that protect fresh and processed food products from microbial spoilage and improve the safety,quality and functionality of the food without altering its organoleptic and nutritional properties.Recent advances in this area have included the incorporation of probiotic and bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria(LAB)into these matrices.These probiotic LAB,such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains,offer numerous health benefits to consumers,including improving gut health and boosting the immune system.Additionally,the bacteriocins produced by some LAB strains have shown potent anti-microbial activity against a wide range of pathogens,making them an attractive alternative to synthetic preservatives.This review presents recent advances in the use of LAB and their antimicrobial metabolites in edible films and coatings.
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the scope of both the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and LA/P/0029/2020(LABBELS-Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology,Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems)by the Project SV-PA-21-AYUD/2021/51041 from the Economy and Employment Office of Principality of Asturias(Spain)J.S.G.-D.acknowledges the PhD scholarship 2021.06136.BD provided by FCT.Pedro Ferreira-Santos would like to express gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities for financial support(FJC2021-046978-I).
文摘Cocoa bean shell(CBS),a by-product of the chocolate industry,was employed as substrate for the sustainable recovery of bioactive compounds using ohmic heating(OH).Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the treated CBS were optimized by experimental design.Maximum extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds(23 mg GAE/g CBS)was obtained at 67℃,50 min and 44%ethanol(v/v).The antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained under of the central point conditions was 284.5μM Fe^(2+)/g extract(FRAP)and 36.4μM TE/g extract(DPPH).The use of OH increased the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds when compared to the conventional process(CH)(approximately 40%).An increased on the chemical antioxidant activity was also observed,ranging from 4 to 20%.The metabolic activity of the extracts obtained by the two methods(OH and CH)was evaluated in non-tumoral(HEK293T and L929)and tumoral cell lines(Caco-2,HT-29,and HeLa).The CBS extracts presented low toxicity in non-tumoral cells and ROS preventive effects.These characteristics make them ideal to be used in food processing and formulation,as well as nutraceutical products due to their antioxidant protection.The use of OH results in an extract with higher phenolic content and higher antioxidant activity and low environmental impact.
