In this paper, a brief survey of smart citiy projects in Europe is presented. This survey shows the extent of transport and logistics in smart cities. We concentrate on a smart city project we have been working on tha...In this paper, a brief survey of smart citiy projects in Europe is presented. This survey shows the extent of transport and logistics in smart cities. We concentrate on a smart city project we have been working on that is related to A Logistic Mobile Application （ALMA）. The application is based on Internet of Things and combines a communication infrastructure and a High Performance Computing infrastructure in order to deliver mobile logistic services with high quality of service and adaptation to the dynamic nature of logistic operations.展开更多
Understanding the mechanisms underlying cell-surface interaction is of fundamental importance for the rational design of scaffolds aiming at tissue engineering,tissue repair and neural regeneration applications.Here,w...Understanding the mechanisms underlying cell-surface interaction is of fundamental importance for the rational design of scaffolds aiming at tissue engineering,tissue repair and neural regeneration applications.Here,we examined patterns of neuroblastoma cells cultured in three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds obtained by two-photon lithography.Because of the intrinsic resolution of the technique,the micrometric cylinders composing the scaffold have a lateral step size of^200 nm,a surface roughness of around 20 nm,and large values of fractal dimension approaching 2.7.We found that cells in the scaffold assemble into separate groups with many elements per group.After cell wiring,we found that resulting networks exhibit high clustering,small path lengths,and small-world characteristics.These values of the topological characteristics of the network can potentially enhance the quality,quantity and density of information transported in the network compared to equivalent random graphs of the same size.This is one of the first direct observations of cells developing into 3D small-world networks in an artificial matrix.展开更多
In this paper a bi-directional system based on linear channel estimation and data detection using turbo detection algorithm is proposed. By combining channel estimation with an iterative chip-by-chip detection process...In this paper a bi-directional system based on linear channel estimation and data detection using turbo detection algorithm is proposed. By combining channel estimation with an iterative chip-by-chip detection process (inner loop) in an iterative way (outer loop), communications performance can be further increased. We present results on blind reception in case of Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) system when the channel coefficients are unknown. We develop a low-complexity iterative joint channel/code estimation method. The philosophy of the turbo processing is the iterative exchange of related information which yields a substantial improvement of the overall system performance. We analyze the achievable performance of the iterative system proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.展开更多
Monitoring behaviour of the elderly and the disabled living alone has become a major public health problem in our modern societies. Among the various scientific aspects involved in the home monitoring field, we are in...Monitoring behaviour of the elderly and the disabled living alone has become a major public health problem in our modern societies. Among the various scientific aspects involved in the home monitoring field, we are interested in the study and the proposal of a solution allowing distributed sensor nodes to communicate with each other in an optimal way adapted to the specific application constraints. More precisely, we want to build a wireless network that consists of several short range sensor nodes exchanging data between them according to a communication protocol at MAC (Medium Access Control) level. This protocol must be able to optimize energy consumption, transmission time and loss of information. To achieve this objective, we have analyzed the advantages and the limitations of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technologies and communication protocols currently used in relation to the requirements of our application. Then we proposed a deterministic, adaptive and energy saving medium access method based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and a mesh topology. It ensures the message delivery time with strongly limited collision risk due to the spatial reuse of medium in the two-hop neighbourhood. This proposal was characterized by modelling and simulation using OPNET network simulator. Finally we implemented the proposed mechanisms on hardware devices and deployed a sensors network in real situation to verify the accuracy of the model and evaluate the proposal according to different test configurations.展开更多
Automatic speech recognition, often incorrectly called voice recognition, is a computer based software technique that analyzes audio signals captured by a microphone and translates them into machine interpreted text. ...Automatic speech recognition, often incorrectly called voice recognition, is a computer based software technique that analyzes audio signals captured by a microphone and translates them into machine interpreted text. Speech processing is based on techniques that need local CPU or cloud computing with an Internet link. An activation word starts the uplink;“OK google”, “Alexa”, … and voice analysis is not usually suitable for autonomous limited CPU system (16 bits microcontroller) with low energy. To achieve this realization, this paper presents specific techniques and details an efficiency voice command method compatible with an embedded IOT low-power device.展开更多
In this paper, we present hands-on experience related to on-going implementation in aircraft of power supply for a wireless sensor network deployed for aerodynamic flight tests. This autonomous battery-free power supp...In this paper, we present hands-on experience related to on-going implementation in aircraft of power supply for a wireless sensor network deployed for aerodynamic flight tests. This autonomous battery-free power supply is capturing, managing and storing primary energy from the environment, using solar light and PV （photovoltaic） cells. For practical purposes, it is also equipped with an auxiliary power input. The specifications are detailed, the general architecture is presented and justified, and test results are discussed.展开更多
The design, manufacture and deployment of embedded systems become increasingly complex and multidisciplinary process. Before the steps of manufacturing and deployment, a simulation and validation phase is necessary. G...The design, manufacture and deployment of embedded systems become increasingly complex and multidisciplinary process. Before the steps of manufacturing and deployment, a simulation and validation phase is necessary. Given the increasing complexity of systems such as telecommunications systems, control systems and others, a specific simulation and validation process must take place. This simulation ideally made in a single development environment should cover different areas and all components of the system. In this paper, the authors briefly describe the behavioral models of the elements of a large scale WSN （wireless sensors network） used to create simulator, focusing specifically on the model of the transmission channel, and how it can retrieve results from the behavioral simulator. In side to legacy network simulator, for the testing and modeling of communication protocols, this simulator should not omit WSN specific aspect, in accuracy it covers the modeling of node platforms, protocols, and real world phenomena.展开更多
Monitoring systems for elderly require a compromise between reduced size and operational autonomy. The latter to get a system as independent as possible and to fit with our application needs for daily use. Our patch i...Monitoring systems for elderly require a compromise between reduced size and operational autonomy. The latter to get a system as independent as possible and to fit with our application needs for daily use. Our patch is developed as a surveillance system for old people;we chose to equip it with a wireless charging system for greater ease of use, imperceptible in the everyday life and waterproofing. This paper presents the development of a printed receiver coil to be integrated in a wireless charger to be used in an elderly tracking patch. The proposed design is validated using simulation that presents a good agreement with measurement results: Simulation (@150 KHz: L = 10.74 μH;R = 3 Ω) and Measurement (@150 KHz: L = 10.8 μH;R = 3.16 Ω). The receiver coil is elaborated on a polyimide substrate in the cleanroom of our laboratory LAAS-CNRS (Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems-National Center for Scientific Research) and a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) charger prototype is fabricated to test its performances before the integration of the wireless charging property in the tracking patch. The proposed coil presents a good compromise between small size and efficiency. For a charging current of 7.5 mA, this coil can ensure the recharging of the patch up to a distance of 4.8 mm between the Qi transmitter and receiver which is more than enough for our application.展开更多
The design process for integrated inductors generally requires a geometry optimization step. During this step, many geometries must be simulated and fast and accurate formulae are therefore required for the computatio...The design process for integrated inductors generally requires a geometry optimization step. During this step, many geometries must be simulated and fast and accurate formulae are therefore required for the computation of self and mutual inductances of turns. This paper especially deals with numerical evaluation of the mutual inductance of two coaxial circular wire loops. Several computation methods are presented and compared. Finally, an expression is built-up and proven to be very few computing time consuming and 1% accurate for any kind of geometry. The application of this expression to integrated inductive components modelization is recalled to mind, however, this work gives a general and fast computable solution to the electromagnetic problem.展开更多
A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or l...A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or livelocks.The proposed method takes an uncontrolled and bounded PN model(UPNM)of the FMS.Firstly,the reduced PNM(RPNM)is obtained from the UPNM by using PN reduction rules to reduce the computation burden.Then,the set of strict minimal siphons(SMSs)of the RPNM is computed.Next,the complementary set of SMSs is computed from the set of SMSs.By the union of these two sets,the superset of SMSs is computed.Finally,the set of subnets of the RPNM is obtained by applying the PN reduction rules to the superset of SMSs.All these subnets suffer from deadlocks.These subnets are then ordered from the smallest one to the largest one based on a criterion.To enforce liveness on these subnets,a set of control places(CPs)is computed starting from the smallest subnet to the largest one.Once all subnets are live,this process provides the LES,consisting of a set of CPs to be used for the UPNM.The live controlled PN model(CPNM)is constructed by merging the LES with the UPNM.The SbDaC policy is applicable to all classes of PNs related to FMS prone to deadlocks or livelocks.Several FMS examples are considered from the literature to highlight the applicability of the SbDaC policy.In particular,three examples are utilized to emphasize the importance,applicability and effectiveness of the SbDaC policy to realistic FMS with very large state spaces.展开更多
Deep learning in the context of nano-photonics is mostly discussed in terms of its potential for inverse design of photonic devices or nano-structures. Many of the recent works on machine-learning inverse design are h...Deep learning in the context of nano-photonics is mostly discussed in terms of its potential for inverse design of photonic devices or nano-structures. Many of the recent works on machine-learning inverse design are highly specific, and the drawbacks of the respective approaches are often not immediately clear. In this review we want therefore to provide a critical review on the capabilities of deep learning for inverse design and the progress which has been made so far. We classify the different deep-learning-based inverse design approaches at a higher level as well as by the context of their respective applications and critically discuss their strengths and weaknesses. While a significant part of the community’s attention lies on nano-photonic inverse design, deep learning has evolved as a tool for a large variety of applications. The second part of the review will focus therefore on machine learning research in nano-photonics "beyond inverse design." This spans from physics-informed neural networks for tremendous acceleration of photonics simulations, over sparse data reconstruction, imaging and "knowledge discovery" to experimental applications.展开更多
For more than 7 years,our research work is focussed upon the electrical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composites.Effectively carbon/polymeric matrix laminates can be considered as an electri-cally conductive net...For more than 7 years,our research work is focussed upon the electrical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composites.Effectively carbon/polymeric matrix laminates can be considered as an electri-cally conductive network(i.e.carbon fibers)embedded in an insulat-ing medium(i.e.the polymeric matrix).Consequently,from an electrical point of view laminated composites have been modelled owing to combinations of electrical resistances(i.e.fibers themselves and the contact points between the fibers)and capacitances(i.e.polymeric matrix).During their manufacturing,composite material such as thermoset matrix composites for instance,undergo various changes in their physical(including electrical and mechanical)prop-erties and in their geometrical characteristics.In fact,in the case of manufacturing processes such as oven curing(vacuum bag),auto-clave curing or heating plate press,beside the chemo-rheologi-cal changes,the laminated parts are the place of a compaction phenomenon inducing changes in fiber volume fraction and thick-nesses.The idea developed in this paper is that since the carbon/polymeric matrix laminate can be considered as an electrical network,it can then be view and used as a sensor for following the material state during the manufacturing process enabling thus defects to be detected and this without any additional sensing material or device.展开更多
Ultraviolet Nanosecond Laser Annealing(LA)is a powerful tool for both fundamental investigations of ultrafast,nonequilibrium phase-change phenomena and technological applications(e.g.,the processing of 3D sequentially...Ultraviolet Nanosecond Laser Annealing(LA)is a powerful tool for both fundamental investigations of ultrafast,nonequilibrium phase-change phenomena and technological applications(e.g.,the processing of 3D sequentially integrated nano-electronic devices)where strongly confined heating and melting is desirable.Optimizing the LA process along with the experimental design is challenging,especially when involving complex 3D-nanostructured systems with various shapes and phases.To this purpose,it is essential to model critical nanoscale physical LA-induced phenomena,such as shape changes or formation and evolution of point and extended defects.To date,LA simulators are based on continuum models,which cannot fully capture the microscopic kinetics of a solid–liquid interface.In this work a fully atomistic LA simulation methodology is presented,based on the parallel coupling of a continuum,finite elements,μm-scale electromagnetic-thermal solver with a super-lattice Kinetic Monte Carlo atomistic model for melting.Benchmarks against phase-field models and experimental data validate the approach.LA of a Si(001)surface is studied varying laser fluence and pulse shape,assuming both homogeneous and inhomogeneous nucleation,revealing how liquid Si nuclei generate,deform and coalesce during irradiation.The proposed methodology is applicable to any system where the atom kinetics is determined by a strongly space-and time-dependent field,such as temperature or strain.展开更多
Liquid biopsy,in particular circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)analysis,has paved the way for a new noninvasive approach to cancer diagnosis,treatment selection and follow-up.As a crucial step in the analysis,the extraction ...Liquid biopsy,in particular circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)analysis,has paved the way for a new noninvasive approach to cancer diagnosis,treatment selection and follow-up.As a crucial step in the analysis,the extraction of the genetic material from a complex matrix needs to meet specific requirements such as high specificity and low loss of target.Here,we developed a new generation of microfluidic fluidized beds(FBs)that enable the efficient extraction and preconcentration of specific ctDNA sequences from human serum with flow rates up to 15µL/min.We first demonstrated that implementation of a vibration system inducing flow rate fluctuations combined with a mixture of different bead sizes significantly enhanced bead homogeneity,thereby increasing capture efficiency.Taking advantage of this new generation of high-throughput magnetic FBs,we then developed a new method to selectively capture a double-stranded(dsDNA)BRAF mutated DNA sequence in complex matrices such as patient serum.Finally,as proof of concept,ligation chain reaction(LCR)assays were performed to specifically amplify a mutated BRAF sequence,allowing the detection of concentrations as low as 6×104 copies/µL of the mutated DNA sequence in serum.展开更多
文摘In this paper, a brief survey of smart citiy projects in Europe is presented. This survey shows the extent of transport and logistics in smart cities. We concentrate on a smart city project we have been working on that is related to A Logistic Mobile Application （ALMA）. The application is based on Internet of Things and combines a communication infrastructure and a High Performance Computing infrastructure in order to deliver mobile logistic services with high quality of service and adaptation to the dynamic nature of logistic operations.
文摘Understanding the mechanisms underlying cell-surface interaction is of fundamental importance for the rational design of scaffolds aiming at tissue engineering,tissue repair and neural regeneration applications.Here,we examined patterns of neuroblastoma cells cultured in three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds obtained by two-photon lithography.Because of the intrinsic resolution of the technique,the micrometric cylinders composing the scaffold have a lateral step size of^200 nm,a surface roughness of around 20 nm,and large values of fractal dimension approaching 2.7.We found that cells in the scaffold assemble into separate groups with many elements per group.After cell wiring,we found that resulting networks exhibit high clustering,small path lengths,and small-world characteristics.These values of the topological characteristics of the network can potentially enhance the quality,quantity and density of information transported in the network compared to equivalent random graphs of the same size.This is one of the first direct observations of cells developing into 3D small-world networks in an artificial matrix.
文摘In this paper a bi-directional system based on linear channel estimation and data detection using turbo detection algorithm is proposed. By combining channel estimation with an iterative chip-by-chip detection process (inner loop) in an iterative way (outer loop), communications performance can be further increased. We present results on blind reception in case of Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) system when the channel coefficients are unknown. We develop a low-complexity iterative joint channel/code estimation method. The philosophy of the turbo processing is the iterative exchange of related information which yields a substantial improvement of the overall system performance. We analyze the achievable performance of the iterative system proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
文摘Monitoring behaviour of the elderly and the disabled living alone has become a major public health problem in our modern societies. Among the various scientific aspects involved in the home monitoring field, we are interested in the study and the proposal of a solution allowing distributed sensor nodes to communicate with each other in an optimal way adapted to the specific application constraints. More precisely, we want to build a wireless network that consists of several short range sensor nodes exchanging data between them according to a communication protocol at MAC (Medium Access Control) level. This protocol must be able to optimize energy consumption, transmission time and loss of information. To achieve this objective, we have analyzed the advantages and the limitations of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technologies and communication protocols currently used in relation to the requirements of our application. Then we proposed a deterministic, adaptive and energy saving medium access method based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and a mesh topology. It ensures the message delivery time with strongly limited collision risk due to the spatial reuse of medium in the two-hop neighbourhood. This proposal was characterized by modelling and simulation using OPNET network simulator. Finally we implemented the proposed mechanisms on hardware devices and deployed a sensors network in real situation to verify the accuracy of the model and evaluate the proposal according to different test configurations.
文摘Automatic speech recognition, often incorrectly called voice recognition, is a computer based software technique that analyzes audio signals captured by a microphone and translates them into machine interpreted text. Speech processing is based on techniques that need local CPU or cloud computing with an Internet link. An activation word starts the uplink;“OK google”, “Alexa”, … and voice analysis is not usually suitable for autonomous limited CPU system (16 bits microcontroller) with low energy. To achieve this realization, this paper presents specific techniques and details an efficiency voice command method compatible with an embedded IOT low-power device.
文摘In this paper, we present hands-on experience related to on-going implementation in aircraft of power supply for a wireless sensor network deployed for aerodynamic flight tests. This autonomous battery-free power supply is capturing, managing and storing primary energy from the environment, using solar light and PV （photovoltaic） cells. For practical purposes, it is also equipped with an auxiliary power input. The specifications are detailed, the general architecture is presented and justified, and test results are discussed.
文摘The design, manufacture and deployment of embedded systems become increasingly complex and multidisciplinary process. Before the steps of manufacturing and deployment, a simulation and validation phase is necessary. Given the increasing complexity of systems such as telecommunications systems, control systems and others, a specific simulation and validation process must take place. This simulation ideally made in a single development environment should cover different areas and all components of the system. In this paper, the authors briefly describe the behavioral models of the elements of a large scale WSN （wireless sensors network） used to create simulator, focusing specifically on the model of the transmission channel, and how it can retrieve results from the behavioral simulator. In side to legacy network simulator, for the testing and modeling of communication protocols, this simulator should not omit WSN specific aspect, in accuracy it covers the modeling of node platforms, protocols, and real world phenomena.
文摘Monitoring systems for elderly require a compromise between reduced size and operational autonomy. The latter to get a system as independent as possible and to fit with our application needs for daily use. Our patch is developed as a surveillance system for old people;we chose to equip it with a wireless charging system for greater ease of use, imperceptible in the everyday life and waterproofing. This paper presents the development of a printed receiver coil to be integrated in a wireless charger to be used in an elderly tracking patch. The proposed design is validated using simulation that presents a good agreement with measurement results: Simulation (@150 KHz: L = 10.74 μH;R = 3 Ω) and Measurement (@150 KHz: L = 10.8 μH;R = 3.16 Ω). The receiver coil is elaborated on a polyimide substrate in the cleanroom of our laboratory LAAS-CNRS (Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems-National Center for Scientific Research) and a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) charger prototype is fabricated to test its performances before the integration of the wireless charging property in the tracking patch. The proposed coil presents a good compromise between small size and efficiency. For a charging current of 7.5 mA, this coil can ensure the recharging of the patch up to a distance of 4.8 mm between the Qi transmitter and receiver which is more than enough for our application.
文摘The design process for integrated inductors generally requires a geometry optimization step. During this step, many geometries must be simulated and fast and accurate formulae are therefore required for the computation of self and mutual inductances of turns. This paper especially deals with numerical evaluation of the mutual inductance of two coaxial circular wire loops. Several computation methods are presented and compared. Finally, an expression is built-up and proven to be very few computing time consuming and 1% accurate for any kind of geometry. The application of this expression to integrated inductive components modelization is recalled to mind, however, this work gives a general and fast computable solution to the electromagnetic problem.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to King Saud University,Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-704),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or livelocks.The proposed method takes an uncontrolled and bounded PN model(UPNM)of the FMS.Firstly,the reduced PNM(RPNM)is obtained from the UPNM by using PN reduction rules to reduce the computation burden.Then,the set of strict minimal siphons(SMSs)of the RPNM is computed.Next,the complementary set of SMSs is computed from the set of SMSs.By the union of these two sets,the superset of SMSs is computed.Finally,the set of subnets of the RPNM is obtained by applying the PN reduction rules to the superset of SMSs.All these subnets suffer from deadlocks.These subnets are then ordered from the smallest one to the largest one based on a criterion.To enforce liveness on these subnets,a set of control places(CPs)is computed starting from the smallest subnet to the largest one.Once all subnets are live,this process provides the LES,consisting of a set of CPs to be used for the UPNM.The live controlled PN model(CPNM)is constructed by merging the LES with the UPNM.The SbDaC policy is applicable to all classes of PNs related to FMS prone to deadlocks or livelocks.Several FMS examples are considered from the literature to highlight the applicability of the SbDaC policy.In particular,three examples are utilized to emphasize the importance,applicability and effectiveness of the SbDaC policy to realistic FMS with very large state spaces.
基金CALMIP Toulouse(p20010)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EP/M009122/1)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(WI 5261/1-1)。
文摘Deep learning in the context of nano-photonics is mostly discussed in terms of its potential for inverse design of photonic devices or nano-structures. Many of the recent works on machine-learning inverse design are highly specific, and the drawbacks of the respective approaches are often not immediately clear. In this review we want therefore to provide a critical review on the capabilities of deep learning for inverse design and the progress which has been made so far. We classify the different deep-learning-based inverse design approaches at a higher level as well as by the context of their respective applications and critically discuss their strengths and weaknesses. While a significant part of the community’s attention lies on nano-photonic inverse design, deep learning has evolved as a tool for a large variety of applications. The second part of the review will focus therefore on machine learning research in nano-photonics "beyond inverse design." This spans from physics-informed neural networks for tremendous acceleration of photonics simulations, over sparse data reconstruction, imaging and "knowledge discovery" to experimental applications.
文摘For more than 7 years,our research work is focussed upon the electrical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composites.Effectively carbon/polymeric matrix laminates can be considered as an electri-cally conductive network(i.e.carbon fibers)embedded in an insulat-ing medium(i.e.the polymeric matrix).Consequently,from an electrical point of view laminated composites have been modelled owing to combinations of electrical resistances(i.e.fibers themselves and the contact points between the fibers)and capacitances(i.e.polymeric matrix).During their manufacturing,composite material such as thermoset matrix composites for instance,undergo various changes in their physical(including electrical and mechanical)prop-erties and in their geometrical characteristics.In fact,in the case of manufacturing processes such as oven curing(vacuum bag),auto-clave curing or heating plate press,beside the chemo-rheologi-cal changes,the laminated parts are the place of a compaction phenomenon inducing changes in fiber volume fraction and thick-nesses.The idea developed in this paper is that since the carbon/polymeric matrix laminate can be considered as an electrical network,it can then be view and used as a sensor for following the material state during the manufacturing process enabling thus defects to be detected and this without any additional sensing material or device.
基金We gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under grant agreement No.871813 MUNDFAB.
文摘Ultraviolet Nanosecond Laser Annealing(LA)is a powerful tool for both fundamental investigations of ultrafast,nonequilibrium phase-change phenomena and technological applications(e.g.,the processing of 3D sequentially integrated nano-electronic devices)where strongly confined heating and melting is desirable.Optimizing the LA process along with the experimental design is challenging,especially when involving complex 3D-nanostructured systems with various shapes and phases.To this purpose,it is essential to model critical nanoscale physical LA-induced phenomena,such as shape changes or formation and evolution of point and extended defects.To date,LA simulators are based on continuum models,which cannot fully capture the microscopic kinetics of a solid–liquid interface.In this work a fully atomistic LA simulation methodology is presented,based on the parallel coupling of a continuum,finite elements,μm-scale electromagnetic-thermal solver with a super-lattice Kinetic Monte Carlo atomistic model for melting.Benchmarks against phase-field models and experimental data validate the approach.LA of a Si(001)surface is studied varying laser fluence and pulse shape,assuming both homogeneous and inhomogeneous nucleation,revealing how liquid Si nuclei generate,deform and coalesce during irradiation.The proposed methodology is applicable to any system where the atom kinetics is determined by a strongly space-and time-dependent field,such as temperature or strain.
基金supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 under Grant 737212:CATCH-U-DNA,Capturing Non-Amplified Tumor Circulating DNA with Ultrasound Hydrodynamicssupported by a PhD grant from ENS Paris-Saclay(L.Alexandre)+1 种基金We would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the CNRS,the Institute Curiereceived the support of“Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes”(laboratoire d’excellence,“Investissements d’avenir”program ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL,ANR-10-EQPX-34 and ANR-10-LABX-31).
文摘Liquid biopsy,in particular circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)analysis,has paved the way for a new noninvasive approach to cancer diagnosis,treatment selection and follow-up.As a crucial step in the analysis,the extraction of the genetic material from a complex matrix needs to meet specific requirements such as high specificity and low loss of target.Here,we developed a new generation of microfluidic fluidized beds(FBs)that enable the efficient extraction and preconcentration of specific ctDNA sequences from human serum with flow rates up to 15µL/min.We first demonstrated that implementation of a vibration system inducing flow rate fluctuations combined with a mixture of different bead sizes significantly enhanced bead homogeneity,thereby increasing capture efficiency.Taking advantage of this new generation of high-throughput magnetic FBs,we then developed a new method to selectively capture a double-stranded(dsDNA)BRAF mutated DNA sequence in complex matrices such as patient serum.Finally,as proof of concept,ligation chain reaction(LCR)assays were performed to specifically amplify a mutated BRAF sequence,allowing the detection of concentrations as low as 6×104 copies/µL of the mutated DNA sequence in serum.
