The paper presents a one-dimensional simulation study of chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)solar cells,where the effects of the variation of CIGS,CdS,and ZnO layers are presented.Additionlly the influence of the variatio...The paper presents a one-dimensional simulation study of chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)solar cells,where the effects of the variation of CIGS,CdS,and ZnO layers are presented.Additionlly the influence of the variation of doping and the defects density of shallow uniform donors and acceptors types are also presented.The analyse of the simulation results shows that recombination inside the space charge region(SCR)decrease more our CIGS solar cell model performance.We also found that the electrical parameters increase with increasing CIGS absorber doping density exception of JSC values that reach their maximum at 1016cm-3 and decrease due to recombination of charge carriers in the p-n junction particularly the recombination inside the SCR.We also stressed the fact that the effects of shallow uniforme donor density is very low on the performance of our CIGS solar cell model is important because it will allow to control the width of space charge region from shallow uniform acceptors defect density that has a strong influence on the different electrical parameters.Yet,good optimization of performance of the CIGS-based solar cell necessarily passes though a good control of the space charge region width and will constitute a boosting perspective for the preparation of our next paper.We contact that the results obtained of the numerical simulation with SCAPS-1D show a good agreement comparatively of the literature results.The simulation of our CIGS solar cell presents best performances if the values of the absorber layer thickness is in the range of 0.02 to 0.03μm,the buffer layer thickness is in the range of 0.02 to 0.06μm and the defects density of shallow uniform acceptors types is in the range of 1015 to 1017cm-3.展开更多
In this study, the authors investigated the performance of different buffer layers through the electrical parameters such as J<sub>sc</sub>, V<sub>oc</sub>, QE and η of the quaternary system C...In this study, the authors investigated the performance of different buffer layers through the electrical parameters such as J<sub>sc</sub>, V<sub>oc</sub>, QE and η of the quaternary system Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> solar cells. The performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub>solar cells has been modeled and numerically simulated by using the SCAPS- 1D device simulation tool. The cells with a ZnSe, Zn(O,S) and (Zn,Mg)O buffer layers were compared with the reference CdS buffer layer. The investigation of ZnSe, Zn(O, S) and (Zn,Mg)O-based cells to substitute the traditional CdS in the future shows that the ZnSe-buffer layer is a potential material to replace CdS, which revealed the best efficiency of 20.76%, the other electrical parameters are: J<sub>SC</sub> = 34.6 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, V<sub>OC</sub> = 0.76 V and FF = 79.6%. The losses as a function of the temperature are estimated at 0.1%/K, among all kinds of buffer layers studied. We have also shown that the use of a high band-gap buffer layer is necessary to obtain a better short-circuit current density J<sub>SC</sub>. From our results, we note that the chalcogenide solar cells with Zn-based alternative buffer layer have almost the same stability thatthe traditional CdS buffer layer solar cells have.展开更多
This paper presents a numerical characterization of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide thin film solar cells using one dimensional simulation program （SCAPS-1D）. We have performedan optimization of the performances of...This paper presents a numerical characterization of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide thin film solar cells using one dimensional simulation program （SCAPS-1D）. We have performedan optimization of the performances of the standard Mo/Cu（In, Ga）Se2/CdS/ZnO solar cells using current-voltage and quantum efficiency methods. With a CuIn..7Ga0.3Se2 absorber, we have investigated the buffer layer thickness, temperature, series and shunt resistances effects on the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency. The simulated results show good performances when the thickness of the buffer layer is in the range of 10-40 um due to the reduction of absorption in the short wavelenghts （380-500 nm）. High performances of the model is obtained when the series and shunt resistances is in the range of 0.1-1 Ω·cm^2 and 1,000 Ω·cm^2, respectively. Under these conditions, the cell can theoretically operate under an ambiant temperature of 370 K without any loss of its performances.展开更多
This paper deals with a new hardware/software embedded system design methodology based on design pattern approach by development of a new design tool called smartcell. Three main constraints of embedded systems design...This paper deals with a new hardware/software embedded system design methodology based on design pattern approach by development of a new design tool called smartcell. Three main constraints of embedded systems design process are investigated: the complexity, the partitioning between hardware and software aspects and the reusability. Two intermediate models are carried out in order to solve the complexity problem. The partitioning problem deals with the proposed hardware/software partitioning algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimisation. The reusability problem is resolved by synthesis of intellectual property blocks. Specification and integration of an intelligent controller on heterogeneous platform are considered to illustrate the proposed approach.展开更多
The motion＇s generation consists in finding an analytic expression of a motion according to time. A Map road type planner or Cell decomposition provide to the motion generator some possible free crossing points of co...The motion＇s generation consists in finding an analytic expression of a motion according to time. A Map road type planner or Cell decomposition provide to the motion generator some possible free crossing points of collision. The global trajectory＇s interpolation by a polynomial is generally not possible, because the degree of the polynomial increases with the number of crossing points which can generate vibrations or loops of the. trajectory. The solution consists in using polynomials in an inferior degree and to build the motion in pieces. The theoretical developments concern the motion＇s generation, the modeling of the vehicle, then the management of its redundancy steam-power. All these methods contribute to improve the robot precision （accuracy）. The authors are presenting the motion＇s generator which constructs into lines a continuous trajectory C2 while enabling the transformation of the crossing points into lines. The generator presented here as part of omnidirectional robot is adaptable to any kind of vehicle.展开更多
In this paper, we have shown that Africa has an enormous wealth of renewable energy resources among the most important in the world such as the strong sunshine, Congo and Nile Rivers respectively among the most powerf...In this paper, we have shown that Africa has an enormous wealth of renewable energy resources among the most important in the world such as the strong sunshine, Congo and Nile Rivers respectively among the most powerful and the longest in the world. We have underlined the presence of important forests, rich subsoil in mineral elements, and strong winds. In addition to a rapidly growing human capital, Africa, therefore, has at its disposal all the factors enabling it to initiate sustainable and inclusive socio-economic development. We have shown that the transformation of these renewable energies is an opportunity for Africa to reach its socio-economic challenges. The development of renewable energies in Africa will be a source of many financial benefits and advantages both in terms of improving living conditions and carrying out activities. The electrical supply of rural areas of Africa represents a considerable issue, which can be a propellant factor in long-term socio-economic development if the conditions of use of clean fuel and cooking technologies, especially sanitary are taken into account. The provision of modern energy services can contribute to the creation of jobs for young people upstream. Among other things, we can note the development of local skills, the creation of income-generating activities, and the improvement of hygiene and health measures which are necessary conditions for family and social well-being. This requires a policy focused, on research in general and in particular on semiconductors that participate in the transformation of photovoltaic solar energy. We have stressed that Africa which is currently experiencing a period of economic growth and sustained transformation must be very looking at in its energy policy and give pride of place to renewable energies to initiate sustainable socio-economic development, equitable and inclusive different social strata both in rural areas and urban areas.展开更多
This paper presents a new methodological approach for the synthesis ofa neuro-fuzzy controller, using an on-line learning procedure. A simple algebraic formulation of a Sugeno fuzzy inference system that ensures a coh...This paper presents a new methodological approach for the synthesis ofa neuro-fuzzy controller, using an on-line learning procedure. A simple algebraic formulation of a Sugeno fuzzy inference system that ensures a coherent universe of discourse, making easy its interpretation by a human being, is proposed and implemented in the case of the control of a bioreactor, which is considered as a complex non linear process.展开更多
文摘The paper presents a one-dimensional simulation study of chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)solar cells,where the effects of the variation of CIGS,CdS,and ZnO layers are presented.Additionlly the influence of the variation of doping and the defects density of shallow uniform donors and acceptors types are also presented.The analyse of the simulation results shows that recombination inside the space charge region(SCR)decrease more our CIGS solar cell model performance.We also found that the electrical parameters increase with increasing CIGS absorber doping density exception of JSC values that reach their maximum at 1016cm-3 and decrease due to recombination of charge carriers in the p-n junction particularly the recombination inside the SCR.We also stressed the fact that the effects of shallow uniforme donor density is very low on the performance of our CIGS solar cell model is important because it will allow to control the width of space charge region from shallow uniform acceptors defect density that has a strong influence on the different electrical parameters.Yet,good optimization of performance of the CIGS-based solar cell necessarily passes though a good control of the space charge region width and will constitute a boosting perspective for the preparation of our next paper.We contact that the results obtained of the numerical simulation with SCAPS-1D show a good agreement comparatively of the literature results.The simulation of our CIGS solar cell presents best performances if the values of the absorber layer thickness is in the range of 0.02 to 0.03μm,the buffer layer thickness is in the range of 0.02 to 0.06μm and the defects density of shallow uniform acceptors types is in the range of 1015 to 1017cm-3.
文摘In this study, the authors investigated the performance of different buffer layers through the electrical parameters such as J<sub>sc</sub>, V<sub>oc</sub>, QE and η of the quaternary system Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> solar cells. The performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub>solar cells has been modeled and numerically simulated by using the SCAPS- 1D device simulation tool. The cells with a ZnSe, Zn(O,S) and (Zn,Mg)O buffer layers were compared with the reference CdS buffer layer. The investigation of ZnSe, Zn(O, S) and (Zn,Mg)O-based cells to substitute the traditional CdS in the future shows that the ZnSe-buffer layer is a potential material to replace CdS, which revealed the best efficiency of 20.76%, the other electrical parameters are: J<sub>SC</sub> = 34.6 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, V<sub>OC</sub> = 0.76 V and FF = 79.6%. The losses as a function of the temperature are estimated at 0.1%/K, among all kinds of buffer layers studied. We have also shown that the use of a high band-gap buffer layer is necessary to obtain a better short-circuit current density J<sub>SC</sub>. From our results, we note that the chalcogenide solar cells with Zn-based alternative buffer layer have almost the same stability thatthe traditional CdS buffer layer solar cells have.
文摘This paper presents a numerical characterization of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide thin film solar cells using one dimensional simulation program （SCAPS-1D）. We have performedan optimization of the performances of the standard Mo/Cu（In, Ga）Se2/CdS/ZnO solar cells using current-voltage and quantum efficiency methods. With a CuIn..7Ga0.3Se2 absorber, we have investigated the buffer layer thickness, temperature, series and shunt resistances effects on the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency. The simulated results show good performances when the thickness of the buffer layer is in the range of 10-40 um due to the reduction of absorption in the short wavelenghts （380-500 nm）. High performances of the model is obtained when the series and shunt resistances is in the range of 0.1-1 Ω·cm^2 and 1,000 Ω·cm^2, respectively. Under these conditions, the cell can theoretically operate under an ambiant temperature of 370 K without any loss of its performances.
文摘This paper deals with a new hardware/software embedded system design methodology based on design pattern approach by development of a new design tool called smartcell. Three main constraints of embedded systems design process are investigated: the complexity, the partitioning between hardware and software aspects and the reusability. Two intermediate models are carried out in order to solve the complexity problem. The partitioning problem deals with the proposed hardware/software partitioning algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimisation. The reusability problem is resolved by synthesis of intellectual property blocks. Specification and integration of an intelligent controller on heterogeneous platform are considered to illustrate the proposed approach.
文摘The motion＇s generation consists in finding an analytic expression of a motion according to time. A Map road type planner or Cell decomposition provide to the motion generator some possible free crossing points of collision. The global trajectory＇s interpolation by a polynomial is generally not possible, because the degree of the polynomial increases with the number of crossing points which can generate vibrations or loops of the. trajectory. The solution consists in using polynomials in an inferior degree and to build the motion in pieces. The theoretical developments concern the motion＇s generation, the modeling of the vehicle, then the management of its redundancy steam-power. All these methods contribute to improve the robot precision （accuracy）. The authors are presenting the motion＇s generator which constructs into lines a continuous trajectory C2 while enabling the transformation of the crossing points into lines. The generator presented here as part of omnidirectional robot is adaptable to any kind of vehicle.
文摘In this paper, we have shown that Africa has an enormous wealth of renewable energy resources among the most important in the world such as the strong sunshine, Congo and Nile Rivers respectively among the most powerful and the longest in the world. We have underlined the presence of important forests, rich subsoil in mineral elements, and strong winds. In addition to a rapidly growing human capital, Africa, therefore, has at its disposal all the factors enabling it to initiate sustainable and inclusive socio-economic development. We have shown that the transformation of these renewable energies is an opportunity for Africa to reach its socio-economic challenges. The development of renewable energies in Africa will be a source of many financial benefits and advantages both in terms of improving living conditions and carrying out activities. The electrical supply of rural areas of Africa represents a considerable issue, which can be a propellant factor in long-term socio-economic development if the conditions of use of clean fuel and cooking technologies, especially sanitary are taken into account. The provision of modern energy services can contribute to the creation of jobs for young people upstream. Among other things, we can note the development of local skills, the creation of income-generating activities, and the improvement of hygiene and health measures which are necessary conditions for family and social well-being. This requires a policy focused, on research in general and in particular on semiconductors that participate in the transformation of photovoltaic solar energy. We have stressed that Africa which is currently experiencing a period of economic growth and sustained transformation must be very looking at in its energy policy and give pride of place to renewable energies to initiate sustainable socio-economic development, equitable and inclusive different social strata both in rural areas and urban areas.
文摘This paper presents a new methodological approach for the synthesis ofa neuro-fuzzy controller, using an on-line learning procedure. A simple algebraic formulation of a Sugeno fuzzy inference system that ensures a coherent universe of discourse, making easy its interpretation by a human being, is proposed and implemented in the case of the control of a bioreactor, which is considered as a complex non linear process.
