This paper proposes an emotion judgment system by using an electroencephalogram(EEG)feature concept base with premise of noises included.This method references the word concept association system,which associates one ...This paper proposes an emotion judgment system by using an electroencephalogram(EEG)feature concept base with premise of noises included.This method references the word concept association system,which associates one word with other plural words and decides the relationship between several words.In this proposed emotion judgment system,the source EEG is input and 42 EEG features are constructed by EEG data;the data are then calculated by spectrum analysis and normalization.All 2945 EEG data of 4 emotions in the EEG data emotion knowledge base are calculated by the degree of association for getting the nearest EEG data from the EEG feature concept base constructed by 2844 concepts.From the experiment,the accuracy of the proposed system was 55.9%,which was higher than the support vector machine(SVM)method.As this result,the chain structured feature of the EEG feature concept base and the efficiency by the calculation of degree of association for EEG data help reduce the influence of the noise.展开更多
A novel hole-transport material(HTM)based on an anthradithiophene central bridge named BTPA-7 is developed.In comparison to spiro-OMeTAD(2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9’-spirobifluorene),the sy...A novel hole-transport material(HTM)based on an anthradithiophene central bridge named BTPA-7 is developed.In comparison to spiro-OMeTAD(2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9’-spirobifluorene),the synthetic steps of BTPA-7 are greatly reduced from 6 to 3 and the synthetic cost of BTPA-7 is nearly a half that of spiro-OMeTAD.Moreover,BTPA-7 exhibits a relatively lower conductivity but higher hole mobility and higher glass transition temperature(Tg)than spiro-OMeTAD.Compared with the photovolatic performance for spiro-OMeTAD,FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 and MAPbI3 PSC devices based on BTPA-7 exhibit slightly lower PCEs with the values of 17.58%(18.88%for spiro-OMeTAD)and 11.90%(13.25%for spiro-OMeTAD),respectively.Nevertheless,a dramatically higher JSC of PSC based on BTPA-7is achieved,which arises from the higher hole mobility of BTPA-7.In addition,the relatively hydrophobic character of BTPA-7 eventually enhances the PSC device stability.Lower cost,higher hole mobility,higher Tg,satisfactory photovoltaic performance,and superior device stability of BTPA-7 can be utilized as a substitute for spiro-OMeTAD in PSCs.展开更多
Self-injection and acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators are first investigated in the highly relativistic regime, using 100 TW class, 27 fs laser pulses. Quasi-monoenergetic m...Self-injection and acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators are first investigated in the highly relativistic regime, using 100 TW class, 27 fs laser pulses. Quasi-monoenergetic multi- bunched beams with energies as high as multi-hundredMeV are observed with simultaneous measurements of side-scattering emissions that indicate the formation of self-channelfing and self-injection of electrons into a plasma wake, referred to as a ＇bubble＇. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirmed multiple self-injection of electron bunches into the bubble and their beam acceleration with gradient of 1.5 GeV/cm.展开更多
PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of electrolysis as a treatment of corneal opac ities in a young patient with the superficial variant of granular corneal dystro phy. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: An 11-y...PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of electrolysis as a treatment of corneal opac ities in a young patient with the superficial variant of granular corneal dystro phy. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: An 11-year-old boy presented with subepithelial opacities in both eyes. His visual acuity was 0.2 in the lef t eye; he received corneal electrolysis under topical anesthesia. RESULTS: The e lectrolysis, which required only 5 minutes, resulted in the disappearance of the subepithelial opacities. His visual acuity improved to 0.4 on the next day and was 1.0 eight months later. The corneal curvature and thickness were not altered by the electrolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal electrolysis proved to be an effectiv e treatment for subepithelial opacities, and we recommend electrolysis as an eff ective and simple treatment for young patients with SGCD.展开更多
. Transforming growth factor β (TGF- β ) is a multifunctional cytokine that strongly inhibits epithelial cell growth. Disabling of TGF- β signaling is thought to be involved in development of a variety of tumors in.... Transforming growth factor β (TGF- β ) is a multifunctional cytokine that strongly inhibits epithelial cell growth. Disabling of TGF- β signaling is thought to be involved in development of a variety of tumors in which abnormal expression or function of TGF- β receptor plays critical roles. In the present study, we examined aberrant expression and mutation of the gene TGF- β receptor type II (Tβ RII) in endometrial cancers of endometrioid subtype. Methods and results. Real-time PCR analysis using surgical tissue specimens of 27 endometrial cancers and 24 normal endometria revealed that endometrial cancers had significantly decreased levels of Tβ RII mRNA expression (mean level 2.44 ± 2.65), compared to normal endometria (mean level 7.23 ± 6.07) (P < 0.001). Methylation status of Tβ RII promoter containing 30 CpGs was examined by bisulfite sequencing analysis, and 98% (51/52) of the patients were found to have unmethylated Tβ RII promoter, indicating that promoter hypermethylation is not the major cause of decreased expression of Tβ RII in endometrial cancers. Mutational analysis revealed that 15.1% (8/53) of endometrial cancers had frameshift mutations at polyadenine repeats in exon 3 of the Tβ RII gene. Notably, these mutations were preferentially accumulated in patients with MSI- H phenotype (7/19:37% ) (P < 0.001) or with those with methylated MLH1 promoters (6/16:38% ) (P < 0.01). Thus, it appears that the Tβ RII gene is a target of mismatch repair deficiency. Conclusion. Taken together, we found that the decreased expression of Tβ RII as well as frameshift mutation of Tβ RII via mismatch repair deficiency frequently occurs in this tumor type, possibly causing loss of receptor function and unresponsiveness of TGF- β signaling that may lead to endometrial carcinogenesis.展开更多
Daily 20-mg and once-weekly 56.5-mg teriparatide（parathyroid hormone 1–34） treatment regimens increase bone mineral density（BMD） and prevent fractures, but changes in bone turnover markers differ between the two ...Daily 20-mg and once-weekly 56.5-mg teriparatide（parathyroid hormone 1–34） treatment regimens increase bone mineral density（BMD） and prevent fractures, but changes in bone turnover markers differ between the two regimens. The aim of the present study was to explain changes in bone turnover markers using once-weekly teriparatide with a simulation model. Temporary increases in bone formation markers and subsequent decreases were observed during once-weekly teriparatide treatment for 72 weeks. These observations support the hypothesis that repeated weekly teriparatide administration stimulates bone remodeling, replacing old bone with new bone and leading to a reduction in the active remodeling surface. A simulation model was developed based on the iterative remodeling cycle that occurs on residual old bone. An increase in bone formation and a subsequent decrease were observed in the preliminary simulation. For each fitted time point, the predicted value was compared to the absolute values of the bone formation and resorption markers and lumbar BMD. The simulation model strongly matched actual changes in bone turnover markers and BMD. This simulation model indicates increased bone formation marker levels in the early stage and a subsequent decrease. It is therefore concluded that remodeling-based bone formation persisted during the entire treatment period with once-weekly teriparatide.展开更多
Photosynthetic rate at the present atmospheric condition is limited by the CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco)because of its extremely low catalytic rate(kcat)and poor affinity f...Photosynthetic rate at the present atmospheric condition is limited by the CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco)because of its extremely low catalytic rate(kcat)and poor affinity for C02(Kc)and specificity for CO2(Sc/O).Rubisco in C4 plants generally shows higher k cat than that in C3 plants.Rubisco consists of eight large subunits and eight small subunits(RbcS).Previously,the chimeric incorporation of sorghum C4-type RbcS significantly increased the k cat of Rubisco in a C3 plant,rice.In this study,we knocked out rice RbcS multigene family using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and completely replaced rice RbcS with sorghum RbcS in rice Rubisco.Obtained hybrid Rubisco showed almost C4 plant-like catalytic properties,i.e.,higher kcai,higher Kc,and lower Sc/O.Transgenic lines expressing the hybrid Rubisco accumulated reduced levels of Rubisco,whereas they showed slightly but significantly higher photosynthetic capacity and similar biomass production under high C 02 condition compared with wild-type rice.High-resolution crystal structural analysis of the wild-type Rubisco and hybrid Rubisco revealed the structural differences around the central pore of Rubisco and the pC-pD hairpin in RbcS.We propose that such differences,particularly in the pC-pD hairpin,may impact the flexibility of Rubisco catalytic site and change its catalytic properties.展开更多
Background With increasing numbers of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and with affirmation of applied behavior analysis(ABA)as an evidence-based standard of care for ASD,there has been a prolif...Background With increasing numbers of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and with affirmation of applied behavior analysis(ABA)as an evidence-based standard of care for ASD,there has been a proliferation of agencies offering ABA services over the last several decades.Disagreement exists among ABA providers and health plans that reimburse those providers on the optimal number of hours of ABA services that should be reimbursed.This study aims to understand whether children who receive more hours of ABA therapy achieve better outcomes and to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19-induced shift to telehealth clinical supervision on outcomes.Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using data from the Vineland 3 Comprehensive Interview Form to assess function throughout ABA treatment.Paired sample t tests,independent sample t tests,Cohen’s D,and Pearson correlations were used to determine relationships between Vineland scores and input variables including hours of service and modality of supervision(in-person vs.telehealth).Results While statistically and clinically significant improvements in function were observed,children appear to have improved outcomes independent of the number of hours of service received.There were also no significant associations between modality of supervision and Vineland standard scores.Conclusions These findings challenge prior research that demonstrated a linear dose–response relationship.By tailoring treatment dosage to the individual client’s needs,providers may be able to better maximize functional progress of the client,to preserve family time,and to utilize health plan dollars more efficiently.展开更多
Fundamental knowledge of structure-activity correlations for heterogeneous single-atom catalysts(SACs)is essential in guiding catalytic design.While linear scaling relations are powerful for predicting the performance...Fundamental knowledge of structure-activity correlations for heterogeneous single-atom catalysts(SACs)is essential in guiding catalytic design.While linear scaling relations are powerful for predicting the performance of traditionalmetal catalysts,they appear to fail with the involvement of SACs.Comparing the catalytic CO oxidation activity of different atomically dispersed metals(3d,4d,and 5d)in conjunction with computational modeling enabled us to establish multiple scaling relations between the activity and simply calculated descriptors.展开更多
基金supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,16K00311).
文摘This paper proposes an emotion judgment system by using an electroencephalogram(EEG)feature concept base with premise of noises included.This method references the word concept association system,which associates one word with other plural words and decides the relationship between several words.In this proposed emotion judgment system,the source EEG is input and 42 EEG features are constructed by EEG data;the data are then calculated by spectrum analysis and normalization.All 2945 EEG data of 4 emotions in the EEG data emotion knowledge base are calculated by the degree of association for getting the nearest EEG data from the EEG feature concept base constructed by 2844 concepts.From the experiment,the accuracy of the proposed system was 55.9%,which was higher than the support vector machine(SVM)method.As this result,the chain structured feature of the EEG feature concept base and the efficiency by the calculation of degree of association for EEG data help reduce the influence of the noise.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0202403)the National University Research Fund(GK261001009)+7 种基金the Changjiang Scholar and Innovative Research Team(IRT_14R33)the Overseas Talent Recruitment Project(B14041)the Chinese National 1000talent plan program(Grant No.111001034)the JSPS Kakenhi grants(No.26288113 and 15K05486)support from the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities(Nihon University and the MEXT,Japan)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2019JQ-423)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK201903053)Key Lab of photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.PECL2019KF019)。
文摘A novel hole-transport material(HTM)based on an anthradithiophene central bridge named BTPA-7 is developed.In comparison to spiro-OMeTAD(2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9’-spirobifluorene),the synthetic steps of BTPA-7 are greatly reduced from 6 to 3 and the synthetic cost of BTPA-7 is nearly a half that of spiro-OMeTAD.Moreover,BTPA-7 exhibits a relatively lower conductivity but higher hole mobility and higher glass transition temperature(Tg)than spiro-OMeTAD.Compared with the photovolatic performance for spiro-OMeTAD,FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 and MAPbI3 PSC devices based on BTPA-7 exhibit slightly lower PCEs with the values of 17.58%(18.88%for spiro-OMeTAD)and 11.90%(13.25%for spiro-OMeTAD),respectively.Nevertheless,a dramatically higher JSC of PSC based on BTPA-7is achieved,which arises from the higher hole mobility of BTPA-7.In addition,the relatively hydrophobic character of BTPA-7 eventually enhances the PSC device stability.Lower cost,higher hole mobility,higher Tg,satisfactory photovoltaic performance,and superior device stability of BTPA-7 can be utilized as a substitute for spiro-OMeTAD in PSCs.
文摘Self-injection and acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators are first investigated in the highly relativistic regime, using 100 TW class, 27 fs laser pulses. Quasi-monoenergetic multi- bunched beams with energies as high as multi-hundredMeV are observed with simultaneous measurements of side-scattering emissions that indicate the formation of self-channelfing and self-injection of electrons into a plasma wake, referred to as a ＇bubble＇. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirmed multiple self-injection of electron bunches into the bubble and their beam acceleration with gradient of 1.5 GeV/cm.
文摘PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of electrolysis as a treatment of corneal opac ities in a young patient with the superficial variant of granular corneal dystro phy. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: An 11-year-old boy presented with subepithelial opacities in both eyes. His visual acuity was 0.2 in the lef t eye; he received corneal electrolysis under topical anesthesia. RESULTS: The e lectrolysis, which required only 5 minutes, resulted in the disappearance of the subepithelial opacities. His visual acuity improved to 0.4 on the next day and was 1.0 eight months later. The corneal curvature and thickness were not altered by the electrolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal electrolysis proved to be an effectiv e treatment for subepithelial opacities, and we recommend electrolysis as an eff ective and simple treatment for young patients with SGCD.
文摘. Transforming growth factor β (TGF- β ) is a multifunctional cytokine that strongly inhibits epithelial cell growth. Disabling of TGF- β signaling is thought to be involved in development of a variety of tumors in which abnormal expression or function of TGF- β receptor plays critical roles. In the present study, we examined aberrant expression and mutation of the gene TGF- β receptor type II (Tβ RII) in endometrial cancers of endometrioid subtype. Methods and results. Real-time PCR analysis using surgical tissue specimens of 27 endometrial cancers and 24 normal endometria revealed that endometrial cancers had significantly decreased levels of Tβ RII mRNA expression (mean level 2.44 ± 2.65), compared to normal endometria (mean level 7.23 ± 6.07) (P < 0.001). Methylation status of Tβ RII promoter containing 30 CpGs was examined by bisulfite sequencing analysis, and 98% (51/52) of the patients were found to have unmethylated Tβ RII promoter, indicating that promoter hypermethylation is not the major cause of decreased expression of Tβ RII in endometrial cancers. Mutational analysis revealed that 15.1% (8/53) of endometrial cancers had frameshift mutations at polyadenine repeats in exon 3 of the Tβ RII gene. Notably, these mutations were preferentially accumulated in patients with MSI- H phenotype (7/19:37% ) (P < 0.001) or with those with methylated MLH1 promoters (6/16:38% ) (P < 0.01). Thus, it appears that the Tβ RII gene is a target of mismatch repair deficiency. Conclusion. Taken together, we found that the decreased expression of Tβ RII as well as frameshift mutation of Tβ RII via mismatch repair deficiency frequently occurs in this tumor type, possibly causing loss of receptor function and unresponsiveness of TGF- β signaling that may lead to endometrial carcinogenesis.
文摘Daily 20-mg and once-weekly 56.5-mg teriparatide（parathyroid hormone 1–34） treatment regimens increase bone mineral density（BMD） and prevent fractures, but changes in bone turnover markers differ between the two regimens. The aim of the present study was to explain changes in bone turnover markers using once-weekly teriparatide with a simulation model. Temporary increases in bone formation markers and subsequent decreases were observed during once-weekly teriparatide treatment for 72 weeks. These observations support the hypothesis that repeated weekly teriparatide administration stimulates bone remodeling, replacing old bone with new bone and leading to a reduction in the active remodeling surface. A simulation model was developed based on the iterative remodeling cycle that occurs on residual old bone. An increase in bone formation and a subsequent decrease were observed in the preliminary simulation. For each fitted time point, the predicted value was compared to the absolute values of the bone formation and resorption markers and lumbar BMD. The simulation model strongly matched actual changes in bone turnover markers and BMD. This simulation model indicates increased bone formation marker levels in the early stage and a subsequent decrease. It is therefore concluded that remodeling-based bone formation persisted during the entire treatment period with once-weekly teriparatide.
基金Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(17H05732,18K06094,19H04735,and 19K07582 to H.M.,24580021 and 15H04443 to H.F.)the Program for the Third-Phase R-GIRO。
文摘Photosynthetic rate at the present atmospheric condition is limited by the CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco)because of its extremely low catalytic rate(kcat)and poor affinity for C02(Kc)and specificity for CO2(Sc/O).Rubisco in C4 plants generally shows higher k cat than that in C3 plants.Rubisco consists of eight large subunits and eight small subunits(RbcS).Previously,the chimeric incorporation of sorghum C4-type RbcS significantly increased the k cat of Rubisco in a C3 plant,rice.In this study,we knocked out rice RbcS multigene family using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and completely replaced rice RbcS with sorghum RbcS in rice Rubisco.Obtained hybrid Rubisco showed almost C4 plant-like catalytic properties,i.e.,higher kcai,higher Kc,and lower Sc/O.Transgenic lines expressing the hybrid Rubisco accumulated reduced levels of Rubisco,whereas they showed slightly but significantly higher photosynthetic capacity and similar biomass production under high C 02 condition compared with wild-type rice.High-resolution crystal structural analysis of the wild-type Rubisco and hybrid Rubisco revealed the structural differences around the central pore of Rubisco and the pC-pD hairpin in RbcS.We propose that such differences,particularly in the pC-pD hairpin,may impact the flexibility of Rubisco catalytic site and change its catalytic properties.
基金The authors would like to sincerely thank the Kyo Scientific Advisory Board members Dr.Catherine Lord,Dr.Janet Twyman,and Dr.Fred Volkmar for their contributions to this paper.
文摘Background With increasing numbers of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and with affirmation of applied behavior analysis(ABA)as an evidence-based standard of care for ASD,there has been a proliferation of agencies offering ABA services over the last several decades.Disagreement exists among ABA providers and health plans that reimburse those providers on the optimal number of hours of ABA services that should be reimbursed.This study aims to understand whether children who receive more hours of ABA therapy achieve better outcomes and to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19-induced shift to telehealth clinical supervision on outcomes.Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using data from the Vineland 3 Comprehensive Interview Form to assess function throughout ABA treatment.Paired sample t tests,independent sample t tests,Cohen’s D,and Pearson correlations were used to determine relationships between Vineland scores and input variables including hours of service and modality of supervision(in-person vs.telehealth).Results While statistically and clinically significant improvements in function were observed,children appear to have improved outcomes independent of the number of hours of service received.There were also no significant associations between modality of supervision and Vineland standard scores.Conclusions These findings challenge prior research that demonstrated a linear dose–response relationship.By tailoring treatment dosage to the individual client’s needs,providers may be able to better maximize functional progress of the client,to preserve family time,and to utilize health plan dollars more efficiently.
基金the National University of Singapore(NUS)Flagship Green Energy Program(grant nos.R-279-000-553-646 and R-279-000-553-731)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.92061109,22033005,and 22038002)for their financial support.N.Y.and J.L.thank the Asian Universities Alliance(AUA)Scholars Award for the sponsorship.Q.Y.acknowledges the hospitality of NUS and Tsinghua University during her sabbatical visit.This work was partially sponsored by the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis(grant no.2020B121201002)and the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2021JCW-20 and S2020-JC-WT-0001).
文摘Fundamental knowledge of structure-activity correlations for heterogeneous single-atom catalysts(SACs)is essential in guiding catalytic design.While linear scaling relations are powerful for predicting the performance of traditionalmetal catalysts,they appear to fail with the involvement of SACs.Comparing the catalytic CO oxidation activity of different atomically dispersed metals(3d,4d,and 5d)in conjunction with computational modeling enabled us to establish multiple scaling relations between the activity and simply calculated descriptors.
