BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of H...BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of HPB diseases over the past decade.Thus,due to increased demand,ERCP is performed at more centers.Currently,it is performed by general surgeons,gastroenterology and invasive radiology specialists in the United States and Europe as recommended by the British Society of Gastroenterology(BSG).AIM To present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers in Türkiye.METHODS Fourteen surgical centers performing ERCP were included in the present study.The age,gender,ERCP indication,success status,post-ERCP complications,ERCP reports and the files of 66993 patients who underwent ERCP were collected from the participating centers.The results are discussed according to the targets declared by the BSG,which are volume load per annum,proportion of successful cannulation(>85%),bile duct clearance rate(>75%),stenting rate for strictures(>80%)and complications(<6%).RESULTS A total of 66993 ERCP procedures were performed in the centers included in the study up to August 2024.29250(43.6%)of the procedures were performed urgently,especially for suppurative cholangitis,biliary tract injuries,etc.The remaining 37743(56.4%)cases were performed electively.50.2%of the patients were female and 49.8%were male.The average ages were 56.5 years for women and 55.9 years for men.General anesthesia was used in 84.1%of the patients while sedation was used in 15.9%.The indications were bile duct stone(78.7%),pancreatic tumor(3.9%),papillary tumor(3.3%),cholangiocarcinoma(2.6%),Oddi sphincter dysfunction(2.4%),bile leakage after cholecystectomy(2%),bile leakage after hydatid cyst surgery(1.9%),biliary stricture(1.7%),and other diseases(3.1%).Hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis were the most common complications as observed in 8.1%of the patients.They were usually self-limited and responded to supportive measures.The frequency of the other complications was also consistent with the literature.CONCLUSION There is a huge shortage of ERCP endoscopists worldwide due to insufficient ERCP training and centers especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.As patients requiring ERCP usually present to surgical practitioners,the incorporation of surgeons into this training program is an effective and reliable solution.The BSG recommends the incorporation of surgeons and radiologists in addition to gastroenterology specialists.This study is the first to present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers throughout Türkiye.The results suggest that the surgical centers included were able to achieve the targets set by the BSG.This study demonstrated that the surgical ERCP units in the present work have reached satisfactory results and provided a reliable and successful ERCP service.There are currently no issues regarding the validity and appropriateness of the surgeons performing ERCP.Therefore,ERCP training should be encouraged in surgeons and more surgical ERCP centers should be provided.展开更多
BACKGROUND This research demonstrates that nurses feel pain because the pandemic process has separated them from their family and children.AIM To examine the family relationship situation of nurses in the coronavirus ...BACKGROUND This research demonstrates that nurses feel pain because the pandemic process has separated them from their family and children.AIM To examine the family relationship situation of nurses in the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.METHODS The research adopted a descriptive qualitative design.Participants were selected by the snowball method.An individual in-depth interview technique was used while the participants were away.In-depth interviews were made with a total of 27 nurses.Nine of these nurses were excluded from the study due to communication problems and device problems during the interview.RESULTS This research showed that nurses suffered from family relationship breakdown and insufficiency in intrafamilial coping.The nurses stayed away from their families due to overtime and fear of COVID-19.They cannot meet the needs of their children and spouses for whom they are responsible,and they cannot spare time for them.They were living a tiring life with great responsibility and faced with mental problems such as burnout syndrome and depression.This study was conducted in three cities with a high number of COVID-19 cases in Turkey.We investigated three themes:Breakdown in continuity of intrafamilial relationship,ineffectiveness in role performance,and ineffective individual coping.CONCLUSION The nurses suffer from conditions such as change in parent-infant/child relation and insufficiency in intrafamilial process coping.展开更多
Background:Bongardia chrysogonum(L.)Spach,also known as“Uruf-el-Deek”,has been used by rural communities for the treatment of various diseases and disorders,owing to its wide array of secondary metabolite compositio...Background:Bongardia chrysogonum(L.)Spach,also known as“Uruf-el-Deek”,has been used by rural communities for the treatment of various diseases and disorders,owing to its wide array of secondary metabolite compositions.Methods:The current study was conducted to determine the total polyphenolic content of Bongardia chrysogonum(L.)Spach as well as its potential free radical scavenging and metal-chelating antioxidant capacities.Its leaves,stems,and tubers were separately extracted using ethanol,water,and chloroform;their antioxidant activities were analyzed using in vitro models,including DPPH,ABTS,FRAP,and CUPRAC assays.The total polyphenolic content of the extracts was spectrophotometrically measured.Results:The richest polyphenolic content of the extracts was yielded by tuber chloroform and leaf ethanol extraction(215.09±0.53 mg/g extract as gallic acid equivalent and 240.74±1.12 mg/g extract as quercetin equivalent,respectively).Almost all of the tested extracts exhibited remarkable antioxidant activities,with the highest antioxidant capacity observed in the leaf extracts.On the other hand,the tuber ethanol extract demonstrated the weakest DPPH radical scavenging activity(%inhibition=49.75±0.38,P<0.01),while the tuber chloroform extract showed the weakest ABTS radical scavenging activity(%inhibition=62.61±0.06,P<0.05).These were closely followed by the tuber water extract(%inhibition=63.28±0.65,P<0.01).In terms of their FRAP and CUPRAC assays,the leaf ethanol extract was determined as the best one,with absorbance values of 3.64±0.01 and 2.22±0.01(P<0.01),respectively.Conclusion:Bongardia chrysogonum(L.)Spach possesses rich polyphenolic content and strong antioxidant activities.Thus,it could be a valuable source for the pharmaceutical industry in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.展开更多
Interest in preconcentration techniques for the determination of metals at ultratrace levels still continues increasingly because of some disadvantages of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry as well as the high c...Interest in preconcentration techniques for the determination of metals at ultratrace levels still continues increasingly because of some disadvantages of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry as well as the high costs of other sensitive methods in compared to flame atomic absorption spectrometry.In this study,thiol-containing sulfonamide resin was synthesized,characterized and applied as a new sorption material for solid phase extraction of nickel in drinking water samples.After preconcentration procedure,flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for determinations.Optimum parameters were found to be pH=3.2,contact time=20 min and eluate volume=3 mL.The limit of detection was found to be 0.75 ng·mL-1.The synthesized resin exhibits the superiority in compared to the other adsorption reagents because of the fact that there is no necessity of any complexing reagent,high sorption capacity as well as the relatively fast extraction rate.The Ni concentrations in the studied 21 kind of water samples were found to be in the range of BDL-4.0 ng·mL-1.展开更多
Recently,fuzzy multi-sets have come to the forefront of scientists’interest and have been used in algebraic structures such asmulti-groups,multirings,anti-fuzzy multigroup and(α,γ)-anti-fuzzy subgroups.In this pape...Recently,fuzzy multi-sets have come to the forefront of scientists’interest and have been used in algebraic structures such asmulti-groups,multirings,anti-fuzzy multigroup and(α,γ)-anti-fuzzy subgroups.In this paper,we first summarize the knowledge about the algebraic structure of fuzzy multi-sets such as(α,γ)-anti-multi-fuzzy subgroups.In a way,the notion of anti-fuzzy multigroup is an application of anti-fuzzy multi sets to the theory of group.The concept of anti-fuzzy multigroup is a complement of an algebraic structure of a fuzzy multi set that generalizes both the theories of classical group and fuzzy group.The aim of this paper is to highlight the connection between fuzzy multi-sets and algebraic structures from an anti-fuzzification point of view.Therefore,in this paper,we define(α,γ)-antimulti-fuzzy subgroups,(α,γ)-anti-multi-fuzzy normal subgroups,(α,γ)-antimulti-fuzzy homomorphism on(α,γ)-anti-multi-fuzzy subgroups and these been explicated some algebraic structures.Then,we introduce the concept(α,γ)-anti-multi-fuzzy subgroups and(α,γ)-anti-multi-fuzzy normal subgroups and of their properties.This new concept of homomorphism as a bridge among set theory,fuzzy set theory,anti-fuzzy multi sets theory and group theory and also shows the effect of anti-fuzzy multi sets on a group structure.Certain results that discuss the(α,γ)cuts of anti-fuzzy multigroup are explored.展开更多
Achilles tendon ruptures and malleol fractures are commonly seen injuries in orthopaedic and traumatology practice, but what is rare is their concomitant. In this report, we aimed to present a rare case of a patient w...Achilles tendon ruptures and malleol fractures are commonly seen injuries in orthopaedic and traumatology practice, but what is rare is their concomitant. In this report, we aimed to present a rare case of a patient who has isolated medial malleolar fracture and achilles tendon rupture in ipsilateral ankle after an ankle sprain due to a fall from stairs and mechanism of injury.展开更多
Corruption which means the use of public power for private interests is one of the most important problems either in less developed and developing countries or developed countries. Especially in less developed and dev...Corruption which means the use of public power for private interests is one of the most important problems either in less developed and developing countries or developed countries. Especially in less developed and developing countries, corruption is a serious obstacle in front of economic development. Corruption is raised from deficiency in democracy, deficient judgement, unfair elections and dependent media sector includes bribery, embezzlement, forgery, fraud, favouritism, nepotism and illegal beneficial use of public authority. The aim of the paper is to determine the causal relationship between corruption and basic macro-economic indicators. For this purpose, in this study, the basic mic indications such as import, export, budget deficit, manufacturer price index are taken into account as variables to examine their relation with corruption. By getting use of the data obtained from CPI index, the relation between the variables is examined using the T-Test. Furthermore, to determine the causality among all the variables, correllation analysis is applied to present causal relations between the corruption and macro-economic variables. The findings concluded that there is a significant correlation among corruption, manufacturer price index and export-import. However, there is no significant correlation with budget deficit.展开更多
The importance of banks which constitutes the main structure of the financial system increased with globalization on the both sides of country and firm. Factors that affect banks＇ performance can be macroeconomic or ...The importance of banks which constitutes the main structure of the financial system increased with globalization on the both sides of country and firm. Factors that affect banks＇ performance can be macroeconomic or internal factors relevant with banks. In this study, different internal factors that can have an impact on banks＇ profitability are examined with panel data analysis. The dataset which include 22 private, state or foreign owned deposit banks provided from the Association of Turkish Banking. Data contains the period between 2003-2008. Equity profitability has been chosen as dependent variable. Independent variables are market share and number of branches. According to the regression results, market share and number of branches has positive and significant effect on profitability .展开更多
Turkey is an important country which has pistachio trees in the world. The Southeastern Anatolia Project （GAP） region located in southeastern of Anatolia has all of pistachio trees. In other words, pistachio trees h...Turkey is an important country which has pistachio trees in the world. The Southeastern Anatolia Project （GAP） region located in southeastern of Anatolia has all of pistachio trees. In other words, pistachio trees have grown only in GAP region. Provinces of ~anliurfa, Gaziantep and Adiyaman are in the GAP region. In this study, we have investigated problems of pistachio farmers in these cities. So, we applied survey to pistachio farmers. Then we analyzed data which we had from the surveys with SPSS. As a result, the farmers have mainly got input problems, marketing problems, processing problems, keeping problems, financial problems, labor problems and managerial problems. As a solution, pistachio farmers must set up cooperatives which help finding inputs, markets, loan, labor, manager them and come up with their problems. Government has to support pistachio farmers and price of pistachio yield, pistachio farmers must have training programs about theirs works. Finally, pistachio nuts of stock market must be surely founded.展开更多
Regardless of the industry in which a company operates,evaluating corporate performance is one of the most critical and vital processes;the most essential and prominent performance evaluation is related to financial p...Regardless of the industry in which a company operates,evaluating corporate performance is one of the most critical and vital processes;the most essential and prominent performance evaluation is related to financial performance.Appropriate performance analysis is complex and critical for decision-makers in different financial performance factors;thus,a methodological framework is needed to solve such complex decision problems.Therefore,this research aims to rank the companies included in the sustainability index(excluding banks)in Turkey by considering their financial performance.The criteria weights were determined using the full consistency method(FUCOM)by considering the evaluations of four experts.The firms were ranked using nine multi-criteria decision-making methods.The consensus among the nine rankings was ensured with the Copeland technique.The decision matrix includes financial ratios and the stock market performance of the firms;100,000 FUCOM weights were created with random evaluations to validate the results.The results indicate that the most crucial criterion is the current ratio by considering expert evaluations.Weight simulation indicates that alternative 16(alternative 21)is superior(inferior)to the other alternatives,even though the weights are determined with random evaluations.Ranking with expert evaluations is similar to the mean of the weight simulation results.The results demonstrate that the proposed framework can be performed as a basis for financial performance ranking.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of HPB diseases over the past decade.Thus,due to increased demand,ERCP is performed at more centers.Currently,it is performed by general surgeons,gastroenterology and invasive radiology specialists in the United States and Europe as recommended by the British Society of Gastroenterology(BSG).AIM To present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers in Türkiye.METHODS Fourteen surgical centers performing ERCP were included in the present study.The age,gender,ERCP indication,success status,post-ERCP complications,ERCP reports and the files of 66993 patients who underwent ERCP were collected from the participating centers.The results are discussed according to the targets declared by the BSG,which are volume load per annum,proportion of successful cannulation(>85%),bile duct clearance rate(>75%),stenting rate for strictures(>80%)and complications(<6%).RESULTS A total of 66993 ERCP procedures were performed in the centers included in the study up to August 2024.29250(43.6%)of the procedures were performed urgently,especially for suppurative cholangitis,biliary tract injuries,etc.The remaining 37743(56.4%)cases were performed electively.50.2%of the patients were female and 49.8%were male.The average ages were 56.5 years for women and 55.9 years for men.General anesthesia was used in 84.1%of the patients while sedation was used in 15.9%.The indications were bile duct stone(78.7%),pancreatic tumor(3.9%),papillary tumor(3.3%),cholangiocarcinoma(2.6%),Oddi sphincter dysfunction(2.4%),bile leakage after cholecystectomy(2%),bile leakage after hydatid cyst surgery(1.9%),biliary stricture(1.7%),and other diseases(3.1%).Hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis were the most common complications as observed in 8.1%of the patients.They were usually self-limited and responded to supportive measures.The frequency of the other complications was also consistent with the literature.CONCLUSION There is a huge shortage of ERCP endoscopists worldwide due to insufficient ERCP training and centers especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.As patients requiring ERCP usually present to surgical practitioners,the incorporation of surgeons into this training program is an effective and reliable solution.The BSG recommends the incorporation of surgeons and radiologists in addition to gastroenterology specialists.This study is the first to present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers throughout Türkiye.The results suggest that the surgical centers included were able to achieve the targets set by the BSG.This study demonstrated that the surgical ERCP units in the present work have reached satisfactory results and provided a reliable and successful ERCP service.There are currently no issues regarding the validity and appropriateness of the surgeons performing ERCP.Therefore,ERCP training should be encouraged in surgeons and more surgical ERCP centers should be provided.
文摘BACKGROUND This research demonstrates that nurses feel pain because the pandemic process has separated them from their family and children.AIM To examine the family relationship situation of nurses in the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.METHODS The research adopted a descriptive qualitative design.Participants were selected by the snowball method.An individual in-depth interview technique was used while the participants were away.In-depth interviews were made with a total of 27 nurses.Nine of these nurses were excluded from the study due to communication problems and device problems during the interview.RESULTS This research showed that nurses suffered from family relationship breakdown and insufficiency in intrafamilial coping.The nurses stayed away from their families due to overtime and fear of COVID-19.They cannot meet the needs of their children and spouses for whom they are responsible,and they cannot spare time for them.They were living a tiring life with great responsibility and faced with mental problems such as burnout syndrome and depression.This study was conducted in three cities with a high number of COVID-19 cases in Turkey.We investigated three themes:Breakdown in continuity of intrafamilial relationship,ineffectiveness in role performance,and ineffective individual coping.CONCLUSION The nurses suffer from conditions such as change in parent-infant/child relation and insufficiency in intrafamilial process coping.
基金supported financially as a project(No.11911/1828MAP1).
文摘Background:Bongardia chrysogonum(L.)Spach,also known as“Uruf-el-Deek”,has been used by rural communities for the treatment of various diseases and disorders,owing to its wide array of secondary metabolite compositions.Methods:The current study was conducted to determine the total polyphenolic content of Bongardia chrysogonum(L.)Spach as well as its potential free radical scavenging and metal-chelating antioxidant capacities.Its leaves,stems,and tubers were separately extracted using ethanol,water,and chloroform;their antioxidant activities were analyzed using in vitro models,including DPPH,ABTS,FRAP,and CUPRAC assays.The total polyphenolic content of the extracts was spectrophotometrically measured.Results:The richest polyphenolic content of the extracts was yielded by tuber chloroform and leaf ethanol extraction(215.09±0.53 mg/g extract as gallic acid equivalent and 240.74±1.12 mg/g extract as quercetin equivalent,respectively).Almost all of the tested extracts exhibited remarkable antioxidant activities,with the highest antioxidant capacity observed in the leaf extracts.On the other hand,the tuber ethanol extract demonstrated the weakest DPPH radical scavenging activity(%inhibition=49.75±0.38,P<0.01),while the tuber chloroform extract showed the weakest ABTS radical scavenging activity(%inhibition=62.61±0.06,P<0.05).These were closely followed by the tuber water extract(%inhibition=63.28±0.65,P<0.01).In terms of their FRAP and CUPRAC assays,the leaf ethanol extract was determined as the best one,with absorbance values of 3.64±0.01 and 2.22±0.01(P<0.01),respectively.Conclusion:Bongardia chrysogonum(L.)Spach possesses rich polyphenolic content and strong antioxidant activities.Thus,it could be a valuable source for the pharmaceutical industry in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
文摘Interest in preconcentration techniques for the determination of metals at ultratrace levels still continues increasingly because of some disadvantages of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry as well as the high costs of other sensitive methods in compared to flame atomic absorption spectrometry.In this study,thiol-containing sulfonamide resin was synthesized,characterized and applied as a new sorption material for solid phase extraction of nickel in drinking water samples.After preconcentration procedure,flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for determinations.Optimum parameters were found to be pH=3.2,contact time=20 min and eluate volume=3 mL.The limit of detection was found to be 0.75 ng·mL-1.The synthesized resin exhibits the superiority in compared to the other adsorption reagents because of the fact that there is no necessity of any complexing reagent,high sorption capacity as well as the relatively fast extraction rate.The Ni concentrations in the studied 21 kind of water samples were found to be in the range of BDL-4.0 ng·mL-1.
基金Yibin University Pre-research Project,Research on the coupling and coordinated development ofmanufacturing and logistics industry under the background of intelligentmanufacturing,(2022YY001)Sichuan ProvincialDepartment of EducationWater Transport EconomicResearch Center,Research on the Development Path and Countermeasures of the Advanced Manufacturing Industry in the Sanjiang New District of Yibin under a“dual circulation”development pattern(SYJJ2020A06).
文摘Recently,fuzzy multi-sets have come to the forefront of scientists’interest and have been used in algebraic structures such asmulti-groups,multirings,anti-fuzzy multigroup and(α,γ)-anti-fuzzy subgroups.In this paper,we first summarize the knowledge about the algebraic structure of fuzzy multi-sets such as(α,γ)-anti-multi-fuzzy subgroups.In a way,the notion of anti-fuzzy multigroup is an application of anti-fuzzy multi sets to the theory of group.The concept of anti-fuzzy multigroup is a complement of an algebraic structure of a fuzzy multi set that generalizes both the theories of classical group and fuzzy group.The aim of this paper is to highlight the connection between fuzzy multi-sets and algebraic structures from an anti-fuzzification point of view.Therefore,in this paper,we define(α,γ)-antimulti-fuzzy subgroups,(α,γ)-anti-multi-fuzzy normal subgroups,(α,γ)-antimulti-fuzzy homomorphism on(α,γ)-anti-multi-fuzzy subgroups and these been explicated some algebraic structures.Then,we introduce the concept(α,γ)-anti-multi-fuzzy subgroups and(α,γ)-anti-multi-fuzzy normal subgroups and of their properties.This new concept of homomorphism as a bridge among set theory,fuzzy set theory,anti-fuzzy multi sets theory and group theory and also shows the effect of anti-fuzzy multi sets on a group structure.Certain results that discuss the(α,γ)cuts of anti-fuzzy multigroup are explored.
文摘Achilles tendon ruptures and malleol fractures are commonly seen injuries in orthopaedic and traumatology practice, but what is rare is their concomitant. In this report, we aimed to present a rare case of a patient who has isolated medial malleolar fracture and achilles tendon rupture in ipsilateral ankle after an ankle sprain due to a fall from stairs and mechanism of injury.
文摘Corruption which means the use of public power for private interests is one of the most important problems either in less developed and developing countries or developed countries. Especially in less developed and developing countries, corruption is a serious obstacle in front of economic development. Corruption is raised from deficiency in democracy, deficient judgement, unfair elections and dependent media sector includes bribery, embezzlement, forgery, fraud, favouritism, nepotism and illegal beneficial use of public authority. The aim of the paper is to determine the causal relationship between corruption and basic macro-economic indicators. For this purpose, in this study, the basic mic indications such as import, export, budget deficit, manufacturer price index are taken into account as variables to examine their relation with corruption. By getting use of the data obtained from CPI index, the relation between the variables is examined using the T-Test. Furthermore, to determine the causality among all the variables, correllation analysis is applied to present causal relations between the corruption and macro-economic variables. The findings concluded that there is a significant correlation among corruption, manufacturer price index and export-import. However, there is no significant correlation with budget deficit.
文摘The importance of banks which constitutes the main structure of the financial system increased with globalization on the both sides of country and firm. Factors that affect banks＇ performance can be macroeconomic or internal factors relevant with banks. In this study, different internal factors that can have an impact on banks＇ profitability are examined with panel data analysis. The dataset which include 22 private, state or foreign owned deposit banks provided from the Association of Turkish Banking. Data contains the period between 2003-2008. Equity profitability has been chosen as dependent variable. Independent variables are market share and number of branches. According to the regression results, market share and number of branches has positive and significant effect on profitability .
文摘Turkey is an important country which has pistachio trees in the world. The Southeastern Anatolia Project （GAP） region located in southeastern of Anatolia has all of pistachio trees. In other words, pistachio trees have grown only in GAP region. Provinces of ~anliurfa, Gaziantep and Adiyaman are in the GAP region. In this study, we have investigated problems of pistachio farmers in these cities. So, we applied survey to pistachio farmers. Then we analyzed data which we had from the surveys with SPSS. As a result, the farmers have mainly got input problems, marketing problems, processing problems, keeping problems, financial problems, labor problems and managerial problems. As a solution, pistachio farmers must set up cooperatives which help finding inputs, markets, loan, labor, manager them and come up with their problems. Government has to support pistachio farmers and price of pistachio yield, pistachio farmers must have training programs about theirs works. Finally, pistachio nuts of stock market must be surely founded.
文摘Regardless of the industry in which a company operates,evaluating corporate performance is one of the most critical and vital processes;the most essential and prominent performance evaluation is related to financial performance.Appropriate performance analysis is complex and critical for decision-makers in different financial performance factors;thus,a methodological framework is needed to solve such complex decision problems.Therefore,this research aims to rank the companies included in the sustainability index(excluding banks)in Turkey by considering their financial performance.The criteria weights were determined using the full consistency method(FUCOM)by considering the evaluations of four experts.The firms were ranked using nine multi-criteria decision-making methods.The consensus among the nine rankings was ensured with the Copeland technique.The decision matrix includes financial ratios and the stock market performance of the firms;100,000 FUCOM weights were created with random evaluations to validate the results.The results indicate that the most crucial criterion is the current ratio by considering expert evaluations.Weight simulation indicates that alternative 16(alternative 21)is superior(inferior)to the other alternatives,even though the weights are determined with random evaluations.Ranking with expert evaluations is similar to the mean of the weight simulation results.The results demonstrate that the proposed framework can be performed as a basis for financial performance ranking.
