Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world and is a model plant used to study the ripening of climacteric fleshy fruit.During the ripening process of tomato fruit,flavor and aroma metabolites,col...Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world and is a model plant used to study the ripening of climacteric fleshy fruit.During the ripening process of tomato fruit,flavor and aroma metabolites,color,texture and plant hormones undergo significant changes.However,low temperatures delayed the ripening process of tomato fruit,inhibiting flavor compounds and ethylene production.Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses of tomato fruit stored under low temperature(LT,5°C)and room temperature(RT,25°C)were carried out to investigate the effects of storage temperature on the physiological changes in tomato fruit after harvest.The results of transcriptomics changes revealed that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in tomato fruit ripening,including several kinds of transcription factors(TFs)(TCP,WRKY,MYB and bZIP),enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism[beta-galactosidase(β-GAL),pectinesterase(PE)and pectate lyase(PL),cellulose and cellulose synthase(CESA)],enzymes associated with fruit flavor and aroma[acetyltransferase(AT),malic enzyme(ME),lipoxygenase(LOX),aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH),alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and hexokinase(HK)],genes associated with heat stress protein 70 and genes involved in the production of plant hormones such as Ethylene responsive factor 1(ERF1),Auxin/indoleacetic acids protein(AUX/IAA),gibberellin regulated protein.Based on the above results,we constructed a regulatory network model of the effects of different temperatures during the fruit ripening process.According to the analysis of the metabolomics results,it was found that the contents of many metabolites in tomato fruit were greatly affected by storage temperature,including,organic acids(L-tartaric acid,a-hydroxyisobutyric acid and 4-acetamidobutyric acid),sugars(melezitose,beta-Dlactose,D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate,2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate and raffinose)and phenols(coniferin,curcumin and feruloylputrescine).This study revealed the effects of storage temperature on postharvest tomato fruit and provided a basis for further understanding of the molecular biology and biochemistry of fruit ripening.展开更多
Tomato fruit are sensitive to chilling injury(CI)during cold storage.Several factors have been discovered to be involved in chilling injury of tomato fruit.Plant hormones play an important regulatory role,however,the ...Tomato fruit are sensitive to chilling injury(CI)during cold storage.Several factors have been discovered to be involved in chilling injury of tomato fruit.Plant hormones play an important regulatory role,however,the relationship between chilling injury and N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation of transcripts in plant hormone pathways has not been reported yet.In order to clarify the complex regulatory mechanism of m^(6)A methylation on chilling injury in tomato fruit,Nanopore direct RNA sequencing was employed.A large number of enzymes and transcription factors were found to be involved in the regulation process of fruit chilling injury,which were associated with plant hormone,such as 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate synthase(ACS),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),auxin response factor(ARF2),ethylene response factor 2(ERF2),gibberellin 20-oxidase-3(GA20ox)and jasmonic acid(JA).By conjoint analysis of the differential expression transcripts related to chilling injury andm^(6)Amethylation differential expression transcripts 41 differential expression transcripts were identified involved in chilling injury including 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase(ACO)and pectinesterase(PE)were down-regulated and heat shock cognate 70 kD protein 2(cpHSC70),HSP70-binding protein(HspBP)and salicylic acid-binding protein 2(SABP2)were up-regulated.Our results will provide a deeper understanding for chilling injury regulatory mechanism and post-harvest cold storage of tomato fruit.展开更多
Chinese chive usually develops an off-flavor after a short storage time. To explore effective ways to maintain the postharvest quality of Chinese chive, the effect of exogenous application of 6-benzylaminopurine（6-BA...Chinese chive usually develops an off-flavor after a short storage time. To explore effective ways to maintain the postharvest quality of Chinese chive, the effect of exogenous application of 6-benzylaminopurine（6-BA） on postharvest quality and antioxidant activity of chive was evaluated, and the mechanism of the physiological responses of chive to 6-BA treatment was explored. Chives were sprayed for 10 min with 100, 300, or 500 mg L–1 6-BA or with alkaline solution as the control, then stored at（2±1）°C with a relative humidity（RH） of 80–85%. We found that 300 mg L–1 6-BA significantly delayed yellowing and chlorophyll degradation, maintained the total phenolic and flavonoid content, and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT） and peroxidase（POD）. In conclusion, we identified exogenous application of 6-BA as an effective method for maintaining postharvest quality of Chinese chive. In addition, our finding that the activities of antioxidant enzymes increase in response to exogenous 6-BA provides new insights into the mechanism of cytokinin-based postharvest fresh-keeping.展开更多
Snake gourd(Trichosanthes anguina L.),which belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family,is a popular ornamental and food crop species with medicinal value and is grown in many parts of the world.Although progress has been mad...Snake gourd(Trichosanthes anguina L.),which belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family,is a popular ornamental and food crop species with medicinal value and is grown in many parts of the world.Although progress has been made in its genetic improvement,the organization,composition,and evolution of the snake gourd genome remain largely unknown.Here,we report a high-quality genome assembly for snake gourd,comprising 202 contigs,with a total size of 919.8 Mb and an N50 size of 20.1 Mb.These findings indicate that snake gourd has one of the largest genomes of Cucurbitaceae species sequenced to date.The snake gourd genome assembly harbors 22,874 protein-coding genes and 80.0%of the genome consists of repetitive sequences.Phylogenetic analysis reveals that snake gourd is closely related to sponge gourd but diverged from their common ancestor~33–47 million years ago.The genome sequence reported here serves as a valuable resource for snake gourd genetic research and comparative genomic studies in Cucurbitaceae and other plant species.In addition,fruit transcriptome analysis reveals the candidate genes related to quality traits during snake gourd fruit development and provides a basis for future research on snake gourd fruit development and ripening at the transcript level.展开更多
Vacuum packaging(VAC)is a promising postharvest technology for removal of astringency in persimmons.VAC treatment increased the loss of astringency in‘Mopan’persimmon while maintaining firmness and sensory quality o...Vacuum packaging(VAC)is a promising postharvest technology for removal of astringency in persimmons.VAC treatment increased the loss of astringency in‘Mopan’persimmon while maintaining firmness and sensory quality over an 8-d storage period.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to investigate the effects of VAC on the metabolism of the fruit.Downregulation of genes involved in the proanthocyanidin(PA)synthesis pathway,as well as transport-related genes such as glutathione S-transferases L3-like(GSTs L3-like)and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member-like(ABCG),was associated with astringency in VAC-treated fruit.Increased acetaldehyde that would occur as a result of the upregulation of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and pyruvate decarboxylase(PDC),would bind with PA and facilitate deastringency.Upregulation of ethylene-responsive factors(ERF22,ERF21,ERF18,ERF17,ERF12,and ERF10)in ethylene signal transduction may also contribute to the activation of ADH and PDC genes,which would further facilitate deastringency.Downregulation of genes related to cell wall dissociation was associated with slower fruit softening.Expression of reactive oxygen species scavenging-related genes was upregulated in VAC-treated fruit.Genes associated with abscisic acid biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways had different expression patterns,resulting in lower abscisic acid content and delayed fruit ripening under VAC conditions.A series of genes in the carotenoid synthesis pathway were inhibited by VAC.Metabolomic analyses revealed increased contents of flavor amino acids,which would enhance sweet and umami taste while reducing the levels of malic acid,tartaric acid(contributing to sourness),andʟ-arginine(associated with bitterness).展开更多
Jujube is the homology of medicine and food,which popular for its characteristic flavor.Aroma is one of the most key factors that determining the quality of commercial Chinese jujube.In this study,gas chromatographyio...Jujube is the homology of medicine and food,which popular for its characteristic flavor.Aroma is one of the most key factors that determining the quality of commercial Chinese jujube.In this study,gas chromatographyion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS)was applied for aroma characterization of 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes.Results showed that a total of 29 aroma compositions were identified,and aldehydes(10.42%−22.87%),ketones(26.45%−42.06%),alcohols(2.42%−7.30%),and esters(16.41%−26.86%)were common in 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes.3-Hydroxy-2-butanone,methyl acetate,benzaldehyde,2,3-butanedione and 2-methylbutyric acid contributed great to the aroma profiles of different commercial Chinese jujubes.Moreover,significant differences(P<0.05)of aroma profiles were found among 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes,and it can be well distinguished by 3D-topographic,characteristic fingerprint and principal component analysis(PCA)results.In conclusion,JSBZ(Ji Shan Ban Zao),HMDZ(Ha Mi Da Zao)and HPZ(Hu Ping Zao)respectively presented significantly different aroma profile characteristics.GC-IMS instrument and PCA statistical method were superior and effective in assessing the differences of aroma profiles of different commercial Chinese jujubes.展开更多
Chayote(Sechium edule)is an agricultural crop in the Cucurbitaceae family that is rich in bioactive components.To enhance genetic research on chayote,we used Nanopore third-generation sequencing combined with Hi-C dat...Chayote(Sechium edule)is an agricultural crop in the Cucurbitaceae family that is rich in bioactive components.To enhance genetic research on chayote,we used Nanopore third-generation sequencing combined with Hi-C data to assemble a draft chayote genome.A chromosome-level assembly anchored on 14 chromosomes(N50 contig and scaffold sizes of 8.40 and 46.56 Mb,respectively)estimated the genome size as 606.42 Mb,which is large for the Cucurbitaceae,with 65.94%(401.08 Mb)ofthe genome comprising repetitive sequences;28,237 protein-coding genes were predicted.Comparative genome analysis indicated that chayote and snake gourd diverged from sponge gourd and that a whole-genome duplication(WGD)event occurred in chayote at 25±4 Mya.Transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed genes involved in fruit texture,pigment,fl avor,fl avonoids,antioxidants,and plant hormones during chayote fruit development.The analysis of the genome,transcriptome,and metabolome provides insights into chayote evolution and lays the groundwork for future research on fruit and tuber development and genetic improvements in chayote.展开更多
Bitter melon fruit is susceptible to yellowing,softening,and rotting under room-temperature storage conditions,resulting in reduced commercial value.Nitric oxide(NO)is an important signaling molecule and plays a cruci...Bitter melon fruit is susceptible to yellowing,softening,and rotting under room-temperature storage conditions,resulting in reduced commercial value.Nitric oxide(NO)is an important signaling molecule and plays a crucial role in regulating the fruit postharvest quality.In this study,we investigated the effects of NO treatment on changes in sensory and firmness of bitter melon fruit during postharvest storage.Moreover,transcriptomic,metabolomic,and proteomic analyses were performed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms through which No treatment delays the ripening and senescence of bitter melon fruit.Our results show that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were involved in fruit texture(CSLE,β-Gal,and PME),plant hormone signal transduction(ACS,JAR4,and AUX28),and fruit flavor and aroma(SUS2,LOX,and GDH2).In addition,proteins differentially abundant were associated with fruit texture(PLY,PME,and PGA)and plant hormone signal transduction(PBL15,JAR1,and PYL9).Moreover,No significantly increased the abundance of key enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway,thus enhancing the disease resistance and alleviating softening of bitter melon fruit.Finally,differential metabolites mainly included phenolic acids,terpenoids,and flavonoids.These results provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the physiological changes associated with postharvest ripening and senescence of bitter melon fruit.展开更多
The growing recognition of a healthy lifestyle framework has promoted the development of novel functional foods or superfoods with abundant nutrients and health-promoting properties.Therefore,the influence of slightly...The growing recognition of a healthy lifestyle framework has promoted the development of novel functional foods or superfoods with abundant nutrients and health-promoting properties.Therefore,the influence of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)as an elicitor on broccoli sprouts was investigated.The increase of electrolyte leakage percentage,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels and proline concentration indicated that the defense system of broccoli sprouts had responded to stress caused by SAEW.Furthermore,the antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites,phenolic compounds,were evaluated and revealed the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidases,catalase,and ascorbate peroxidase)activities and phenolic compounds content in broccoli sprouts with SAEW treatment.The major groups of phenolic composition in broccoli sprouts were phenolic acids and flavonoids.The Folin-Ciocalteu index and antioxidant activity assay also proved the enhancement of antioxidant capacity of broccoli sprouts with SAEW treatment.Results from this study indicated that SAEW treatment could increase the antioxidant ability of broccoli sprouts.展开更多
N4-acetylcytidine(ac^(4)C)modification of mRNA has been shown to be present in plant RNAs,but its regulatory function in plant remains largely unexplored.In this study,we investigated the differentially expressed mRNA...N4-acetylcytidine(ac^(4)C)modification of mRNA has been shown to be present in plant RNAs,but its regulatory function in plant remains largely unexplored.In this study,we investigated the differentially expressed mRNAs,lncRNAs and acetylation modifications of mRNAs in tomato fruits from both genotypes.By comparing wild-type(AC)tomato and the ethylene receptor-mutant(Nr)tomato from mature green(MG)to six days after the breaker(Br6)stage,we identified differences in numerous key genes related to fruit ripening and observed the corresponding lncRNAs positively regulated the target genes expression.At the post-transcriptional level,the acetylation level decreased and increased in AC and Nr tomatoes from MG to Br6 stage,respectively.The integrated analysis of RNAseq and ac^(4)C-seq data revealed the potential positive role of acetylation modification in regulating gene expression.Furthermore,we found differential acetylation modifications of certain transcripts(ACO,ETR,ERF,PG,CesA,β-Gal,GAD,AMY,and SUS)in AC and Nr fruits which may explain the differences in ethylene production,fruit texture,and flavor during their ripening processes.The present study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which acetylation modification differentially regulates the ripening process of wild-type and mutant tomato fruits deficient in ethylene signaling.展开更多
The coronavirus disease of 2019(COVID‐19),a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),can result in severe health complications.In addition to physical preventative m...The coronavirus disease of 2019(COVID‐19),a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),can result in severe health complications.In addition to physical preventative measures,pharmaceutical intervention is also crucial.Numerous natural products from medicinal fungi have shown promise as potential antiviral drugs and may serve as a source of effective components with antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses.In this study,we developed a workflow that integrates viral infection inhibition assays at both cellular and molecular levels,as well as molecular separation and characterization,to screen and identify natural products with antiviral activity.Using this workflow,we screened 167 extracts extracted from 36 medicinal fungi using optimized extraction methods.We assessed the antiviral effects of these extracts by measuring their ability to inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and receptor binding domain‐human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2(RBD‐hACE2)binding in vitro.Following charge‐and size‐based characterization of the active compounds through filtration and chromatographic fractionation,mass spectrometry characterization of the fractionated compounds revealed that the active components are polysaccharides and determined their monosaccharide residue composition.Our findings provide new insights into the antiviral potential of natural products and their screening strategies and may contribute to the development of effective antiviral therapeutics against COVID‐19 and other diseases.展开更多
基金supported by the Young Investigator Fund of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.202016)the Special innovation ability construction fund of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(Grant Nos.20210437,20210402 and 20200427)+4 种基金the Collaborative innovation center of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.201915)Special innovation ability construction fund of Beijing Vegetable Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.2020112)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31772022 and 32072284)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-23)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant Nos.Z191100008619004,Z191100004019010 and Z181100009618033)。
文摘Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world and is a model plant used to study the ripening of climacteric fleshy fruit.During the ripening process of tomato fruit,flavor and aroma metabolites,color,texture and plant hormones undergo significant changes.However,low temperatures delayed the ripening process of tomato fruit,inhibiting flavor compounds and ethylene production.Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses of tomato fruit stored under low temperature(LT,5°C)and room temperature(RT,25°C)were carried out to investigate the effects of storage temperature on the physiological changes in tomato fruit after harvest.The results of transcriptomics changes revealed that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in tomato fruit ripening,including several kinds of transcription factors(TFs)(TCP,WRKY,MYB and bZIP),enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism[beta-galactosidase(β-GAL),pectinesterase(PE)and pectate lyase(PL),cellulose and cellulose synthase(CESA)],enzymes associated with fruit flavor and aroma[acetyltransferase(AT),malic enzyme(ME),lipoxygenase(LOX),aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH),alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and hexokinase(HK)],genes associated with heat stress protein 70 and genes involved in the production of plant hormones such as Ethylene responsive factor 1(ERF1),Auxin/indoleacetic acids protein(AUX/IAA),gibberellin regulated protein.Based on the above results,we constructed a regulatory network model of the effects of different temperatures during the fruit ripening process.According to the analysis of the metabolomics results,it was found that the contents of many metabolites in tomato fruit were greatly affected by storage temperature,including,organic acids(L-tartaric acid,a-hydroxyisobutyric acid and 4-acetamidobutyric acid),sugars(melezitose,beta-Dlactose,D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate,2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate and raffinose)and phenols(coniferin,curcumin and feruloylputrescine).This study revealed the effects of storage temperature on postharvest tomato fruit and provided a basis for further understanding of the molecular biology and biochemistry of fruit ripening.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31772022,32072284 and 31501544)the Special Innovation Ability Construction Fund of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(Grant Nos.20200427 and 20210437)+4 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Tianjin City(Grant No.19YFSLQY00100)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant Nos.Z191100008619004 and Z191100004019010)Supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,collaborative innovation center of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.201915)the Young Investigator Fund of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.202016)the key scientific research projects of colleges and universities in Henan Province(Grant No.20A550014)。
文摘Tomato fruit are sensitive to chilling injury(CI)during cold storage.Several factors have been discovered to be involved in chilling injury of tomato fruit.Plant hormones play an important regulatory role,however,the relationship between chilling injury and N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation of transcripts in plant hormone pathways has not been reported yet.In order to clarify the complex regulatory mechanism of m^(6)A methylation on chilling injury in tomato fruit,Nanopore direct RNA sequencing was employed.A large number of enzymes and transcription factors were found to be involved in the regulation process of fruit chilling injury,which were associated with plant hormone,such as 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate synthase(ACS),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),auxin response factor(ARF2),ethylene response factor 2(ERF2),gibberellin 20-oxidase-3(GA20ox)and jasmonic acid(JA).By conjoint analysis of the differential expression transcripts related to chilling injury andm^(6)Amethylation differential expression transcripts 41 differential expression transcripts were identified involved in chilling injury including 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase(ACO)and pectinesterase(PE)were down-regulated and heat shock cognate 70 kD protein 2(cpHSC70),HSP70-binding protein(HspBP)and salicylic acid-binding protein 2(SABP2)were up-regulated.Our results will provide a deeper understanding for chilling injury regulatory mechanism and post-harvest cold storage of tomato fruit.
基金financially supported by the Innovation Capacity Building Projects of Beijing Academy of Agriculturaland Forestry Sciences,China (KJCX20140205)the Innovation Capacity Building Projects of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, China (KJCX20140408)
文摘Chinese chive usually develops an off-flavor after a short storage time. To explore effective ways to maintain the postharvest quality of Chinese chive, the effect of exogenous application of 6-benzylaminopurine（6-BA） on postharvest quality and antioxidant activity of chive was evaluated, and the mechanism of the physiological responses of chive to 6-BA treatment was explored. Chives were sprayed for 10 min with 100, 300, or 500 mg L–1 6-BA or with alkaline solution as the control, then stored at（2±1）°C with a relative humidity（RH） of 80–85%. We found that 300 mg L–1 6-BA significantly delayed yellowing and chlorophyll degradation, maintained the total phenolic and flavonoid content, and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT） and peroxidase（POD）. In conclusion, we identified exogenous application of 6-BA as an effective method for maintaining postharvest quality of Chinese chive. In addition, our finding that the activities of antioxidant enzymes increase in response to exogenous 6-BA provides new insights into the mechanism of cytokinin-based postharvest fresh-keeping.
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z191100008619004 and Z191100004019010)the Key Project of“Science and Technology Boost the Economy 2020,”the Special Innovation Ability Construction Fund of the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(20180705 and 20200427)+5 种基金the China Agriculture Research System Project(CARS-23)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(201915)the Young Investigator Fund of the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(202016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772022)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(6182016)USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative(2015-51181-24285).
文摘Snake gourd(Trichosanthes anguina L.),which belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family,is a popular ornamental and food crop species with medicinal value and is grown in many parts of the world.Although progress has been made in its genetic improvement,the organization,composition,and evolution of the snake gourd genome remain largely unknown.Here,we report a high-quality genome assembly for snake gourd,comprising 202 contigs,with a total size of 919.8 Mb and an N50 size of 20.1 Mb.These findings indicate that snake gourd has one of the largest genomes of Cucurbitaceae species sequenced to date.The snake gourd genome assembly harbors 22,874 protein-coding genes and 80.0%of the genome consists of repetitive sequences.Phylogenetic analysis reveals that snake gourd is closely related to sponge gourd but diverged from their common ancestor~33–47 million years ago.The genome sequence reported here serves as a valuable resource for snake gourd genetic research and comparative genomic studies in Cucurbitaceae and other plant species.In addition,fruit transcriptome analysis reveals the candidate genes related to quality traits during snake gourd fruit development and provides a basis for future research on snake gourd fruit development and ripening at the transcript level.
基金funded by the Special Innovation Ability Construction Fund of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,China(KJCX20251211)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD2201300).
文摘Vacuum packaging(VAC)is a promising postharvest technology for removal of astringency in persimmons.VAC treatment increased the loss of astringency in‘Mopan’persimmon while maintaining firmness and sensory quality over an 8-d storage period.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to investigate the effects of VAC on the metabolism of the fruit.Downregulation of genes involved in the proanthocyanidin(PA)synthesis pathway,as well as transport-related genes such as glutathione S-transferases L3-like(GSTs L3-like)and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member-like(ABCG),was associated with astringency in VAC-treated fruit.Increased acetaldehyde that would occur as a result of the upregulation of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and pyruvate decarboxylase(PDC),would bind with PA and facilitate deastringency.Upregulation of ethylene-responsive factors(ERF22,ERF21,ERF18,ERF17,ERF12,and ERF10)in ethylene signal transduction may also contribute to the activation of ADH and PDC genes,which would further facilitate deastringency.Downregulation of genes related to cell wall dissociation was associated with slower fruit softening.Expression of reactive oxygen species scavenging-related genes was upregulated in VAC-treated fruit.Genes associated with abscisic acid biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways had different expression patterns,resulting in lower abscisic acid content and delayed fruit ripening under VAC conditions.A series of genes in the carotenoid synthesis pathway were inhibited by VAC.Metabolomic analyses revealed increased contents of flavor amino acids,which would enhance sweet and umami taste while reducing the levels of malic acid,tartaric acid(contributing to sourness),andʟ-arginine(associated with bitterness).
基金support of Youth Project of Liaoning Provincial Education Department(JYTQN2023334)Anhui Provincial Department of Education Key Research Project on Natural Science in Higher Education Institutions(KJ2021A1072)+1 种基金Science and Technology Plan Project of Chuzhou Science and Technology Bureau(2021ZD023)the Innovative Team of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Tianjin(ITTHRS2021000).
文摘Jujube is the homology of medicine and food,which popular for its characteristic flavor.Aroma is one of the most key factors that determining the quality of commercial Chinese jujube.In this study,gas chromatographyion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS)was applied for aroma characterization of 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes.Results showed that a total of 29 aroma compositions were identified,and aldehydes(10.42%−22.87%),ketones(26.45%−42.06%),alcohols(2.42%−7.30%),and esters(16.41%−26.86%)were common in 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes.3-Hydroxy-2-butanone,methyl acetate,benzaldehyde,2,3-butanedione and 2-methylbutyric acid contributed great to the aroma profiles of different commercial Chinese jujubes.Moreover,significant differences(P<0.05)of aroma profiles were found among 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes,and it can be well distinguished by 3D-topographic,characteristic fingerprint and principal component analysis(PCA)results.In conclusion,JSBZ(Ji Shan Ban Zao),HMDZ(Ha Mi Da Zao)and HPZ(Hu Ping Zao)respectively presented significantly different aroma profile characteristics.GC-IMS instrument and PCA statistical method were superior and effective in assessing the differences of aroma profiles of different commercial Chinese jujubes.
基金the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z191100008619004 and Z191100004019010)the Key Project"Science and Technology Boost the Feonomy 2020",the Special Innovation Ability Construction Fund of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(20180404 and 20200427)+4 种基金the China Agriculture Research System Project(CARS-23)the National Key Research and Ripening Program of China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(201915)the Young Investigat or Fund of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(202016)the National Natural Scienee Foundation of China(31772022)the Natural Scienee Foundation of Beijing(6182016).
文摘Chayote(Sechium edule)is an agricultural crop in the Cucurbitaceae family that is rich in bioactive components.To enhance genetic research on chayote,we used Nanopore third-generation sequencing combined with Hi-C data to assemble a draft chayote genome.A chromosome-level assembly anchored on 14 chromosomes(N50 contig and scaffold sizes of 8.40 and 46.56 Mb,respectively)estimated the genome size as 606.42 Mb,which is large for the Cucurbitaceae,with 65.94%(401.08 Mb)ofthe genome comprising repetitive sequences;28,237 protein-coding genes were predicted.Comparative genome analysis indicated that chayote and snake gourd diverged from sponge gourd and that a whole-genome duplication(WGD)event occurred in chayote at 25±4 Mya.Transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed genes involved in fruit texture,pigment,fl avor,fl avonoids,antioxidants,and plant hormones during chayote fruit development.The analysis of the genome,transcriptome,and metabolome provides insights into chayote evolution and lays the groundwork for future research on fruit and tuber development and genetic improvements in chayote.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2022YFD2100105]Special Innovation Abiity Construction Fund of Beiing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (20210437)Collaborative Innovation Center of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (201915).
文摘Bitter melon fruit is susceptible to yellowing,softening,and rotting under room-temperature storage conditions,resulting in reduced commercial value.Nitric oxide(NO)is an important signaling molecule and plays a crucial role in regulating the fruit postharvest quality.In this study,we investigated the effects of NO treatment on changes in sensory and firmness of bitter melon fruit during postharvest storage.Moreover,transcriptomic,metabolomic,and proteomic analyses were performed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms through which No treatment delays the ripening and senescence of bitter melon fruit.Our results show that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were involved in fruit texture(CSLE,β-Gal,and PME),plant hormone signal transduction(ACS,JAR4,and AUX28),and fruit flavor and aroma(SUS2,LOX,and GDH2).In addition,proteins differentially abundant were associated with fruit texture(PLY,PME,and PGA)and plant hormone signal transduction(PBL15,JAR1,and PYL9).Moreover,No significantly increased the abundance of key enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway,thus enhancing the disease resistance and alleviating softening of bitter melon fruit.Finally,differential metabolites mainly included phenolic acids,terpenoids,and flavonoids.These results provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the physiological changes associated with postharvest ripening and senescence of bitter melon fruit.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFE0114500-4)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC),“Regulations of production conditions and transformation mechanism of sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts with CaCl2-HCl electrolyzed water”(No.31972091).
文摘The growing recognition of a healthy lifestyle framework has promoted the development of novel functional foods or superfoods with abundant nutrients and health-promoting properties.Therefore,the influence of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)as an elicitor on broccoli sprouts was investigated.The increase of electrolyte leakage percentage,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels and proline concentration indicated that the defense system of broccoli sprouts had responded to stress caused by SAEW.Furthermore,the antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites,phenolic compounds,were evaluated and revealed the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidases,catalase,and ascorbate peroxidase)activities and phenolic compounds content in broccoli sprouts with SAEW treatment.The major groups of phenolic composition in broccoli sprouts were phenolic acids and flavonoids.The Folin-Ciocalteu index and antioxidant activity assay also proved the enhancement of antioxidant capacity of broccoli sprouts with SAEW treatment.Results from this study indicated that SAEW treatment could increase the antioxidant ability of broccoli sprouts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072284)The Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(6242012)+1 种基金Special Innovation Ability Construction Fund of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(20230418)Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Cultivation Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.
文摘N4-acetylcytidine(ac^(4)C)modification of mRNA has been shown to be present in plant RNAs,but its regulatory function in plant remains largely unexplored.In this study,we investigated the differentially expressed mRNAs,lncRNAs and acetylation modifications of mRNAs in tomato fruits from both genotypes.By comparing wild-type(AC)tomato and the ethylene receptor-mutant(Nr)tomato from mature green(MG)to six days after the breaker(Br6)stage,we identified differences in numerous key genes related to fruit ripening and observed the corresponding lncRNAs positively regulated the target genes expression.At the post-transcriptional level,the acetylation level decreased and increased in AC and Nr tomatoes from MG to Br6 stage,respectively.The integrated analysis of RNAseq and ac^(4)C-seq data revealed the potential positive role of acetylation modification in regulating gene expression.Furthermore,we found differential acetylation modifications of certain transcripts(ACO,ETR,ERF,PG,CesA,β-Gal,GAD,AMY,and SUS)in AC and Nr fruits which may explain the differences in ethylene production,fruit texture,and flavor during their ripening processes.The present study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which acetylation modification differentially regulates the ripening process of wild-type and mutant tomato fruits deficient in ethylene signaling.
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and ForestrSy cience (KJCX20230411 and KJCX20230211)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC T2225005,22050004,21927802,21974069)+1 种基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2018YFA0800200)Open Fund Programs of Shenzhen1 Bay Laboratory (SZBL2020090501001).
文摘The coronavirus disease of 2019(COVID‐19),a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),can result in severe health complications.In addition to physical preventative measures,pharmaceutical intervention is also crucial.Numerous natural products from medicinal fungi have shown promise as potential antiviral drugs and may serve as a source of effective components with antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses.In this study,we developed a workflow that integrates viral infection inhibition assays at both cellular and molecular levels,as well as molecular separation and characterization,to screen and identify natural products with antiviral activity.Using this workflow,we screened 167 extracts extracted from 36 medicinal fungi using optimized extraction methods.We assessed the antiviral effects of these extracts by measuring their ability to inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and receptor binding domain‐human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2(RBD‐hACE2)binding in vitro.Following charge‐and size‐based characterization of the active compounds through filtration and chromatographic fractionation,mass spectrometry characterization of the fractionated compounds revealed that the active components are polysaccharides and determined their monosaccharide residue composition.Our findings provide new insights into the antiviral potential of natural products and their screening strategies and may contribute to the development of effective antiviral therapeutics against COVID‐19 and other diseases.
