A series of room-temperature ternary deep eutectic solvents （TDESs） were prepared from imidazolium halides, zinc halides and amides. The [BMIM]Cl-ZnCl2-acetamide （1：1：1） system shows the lowest freezing point （...A series of room-temperature ternary deep eutectic solvents （TDESs） were prepared from imidazolium halides, zinc halides and amides. The [BMIM]Cl-ZnCl2-acetamide （1：1：1） system shows the lowest freezing point （-60℃） and lowest density in the series. The viscosity and conductivity of TDESs have an exponential relationship with temperature and can be fitted by Arrhenius equation.展开更多
In this study,hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene( HCCP)modified by boric acid and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane( KH-550)in solvent diglyme( FR-HCCP) was used as the flame retardant for poly( ethylene terephthalate)( PET) co...In this study,hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene( HCCP)modified by boric acid and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane( KH-550)in solvent diglyme( FR-HCCP) was used as the flame retardant for poly( ethylene terephthalate)( PET) composites. The flame retardancy and thermal property of pure PET and flame-retarded PET composites were mainly investigated. The flame retardancy was investigated by limited oxygen index( LOI) and UL-94 vertical burning test. The results showed that the composites could achieved an increased UL-94 V-0 rating and LOI value 30. 2, when the content of FR-HCCP was just 1%. The pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( Py-GC / MS) study demonstrated that introducing FR-HCCP into PET would prevent the polymer pyrolysis during heating. TGA analysis showed that the addition of FR-HCCP could improve the char formation of the system. Roman spectra showed the order degree of residue was increasing by adding the additive. The morphology and the chemical structure of the charred residue were detected by SEMand FTIR,respectively. Results demonstrated that a good barrier was formed by the char of the composite,which protected the inside of the composite during burning.展开更多
Unfixed reactive dyes stained on cotton fabric could be removed using Fe-tetra-amido macro-cyclic ligands( TAML) / H_2O_2 catalyzed oxidation system( COS). The colored washing-off wastewater also could be decolorized ...Unfixed reactive dyes stained on cotton fabric could be removed using Fe-tetra-amido macro-cyclic ligands( TAML) / H_2O_2 catalyzed oxidation system( COS). The colored washing-off wastewater also could be decolorized simultaneously in the same system. The decolourization kinetics showed that the decolourization ratio of reactive dyes in water could reach at least 80% at room temperature in 10 min,which followed the law of pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. The effects of the COS washing-off process parameters on the decolourization ratio,chemical oxygen demand( COD) of wastewater,K/S value,color fastness,color difference,and bursting strength were investigated in detail. The results showed that color fastness properties and final shade of fabric treated by COS were very similar to conventional soaping. The reactive dye molecules in wash-off bath were destroyed using the COS,potentially reduced COD which generated during conventional washing-off procedure.展开更多
Nanoscale titanium dioxide functional films were prepared on the surface of the cotton woven fabric and the polyester knitted fabric at room temperature by Radio Frequency （RF） magnetron sputtering process. The surf...Nanoscale titanium dioxide functional films were prepared on the surface of the cotton woven fabric and the polyester knitted fabric at room temperature by Radio Frequency （RF） magnetron sputtering process. The surface microstructure and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Photocatalytic property of two treated fabrics was tested in solar and ultraviolet （UV） radiation respectively, and their photocatalytic activity was compared. The results showed that the nanoscale titanium dioxide deposited on the surface of the treated fabrics was at different anastasia phase. The treated fabrics have excellent photocatalytic property, and after 30 launderings, the photocatalytic activity still maintained at a high level. Also, it indicated that the photocatalytic activity of the treated fabrics in UV radiation was higher than in solar radiation, but the effect wasn＇t very distinct. And at the same experimental magnetron sputtering parameters, the cotton coated with the nanoscale titanium dioxide showed better performance than the polyester fabric coated with the nanoscale titanium dioxide in terms of the photocatalytic property.展开更多
Much attention is devoted to fluorescent dyes especially those with potential in versatile applications.Reactions under "click" conditions between nonfluorescent 3-azidocoumarins and terminal alkynes produce...Much attention is devoted to fluorescent dyes especially those with potential in versatile applications.Reactions under "click" conditions between nonfluorescent 3-azidocoumarins and terminal alkynes produced 3-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)coumarins,a novel type of fluorescent dyes with intense fluorescence.The structures of the new coumarins were characterized by 1H NMR,MS,and IR spectra.Fluorescence spectra measurement demonstrated excellent fluorescence performance of the triazolylcoumarins and this click reaction is a promising candidate for bioconjugation and bioimaging applications since both azide and alkynes are quite inert to biological systems.展开更多
Polyoxetanes bearing short fluorinated and/or bromomethyl pendant groups were prepared from 3,3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxymethyl)oxetane and/or 3,3-bisbromomethyloxetane by ring-opening polymerization.A series of novel...Polyoxetanes bearing short fluorinated and/or bromomethyl pendant groups were prepared from 3,3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxymethyl)oxetane and/or 3,3-bisbromomethyloxetane by ring-opening polymerization.A series of novel polyurethanes(PUs)containing polyoxetanes as soft blocks was synthesized by the reaction of polyoxetanes,isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI),and 1,4-butanediol(BD).The thermal properties and wetting behavior of these novel polymers were evaluated using TGA,DSC and contact angle analysis.The cotton fabrics treated with PU3 showed good hydrophobic property,and its contact angle for water was 133°.展开更多
A type of antibacterial bacterial cellulose(BC) film was prepared for potential uses as wound dressing.In order to obtain a high antibacterial effect,some forms of BC films,including the wet and dried ones were utiliz...A type of antibacterial bacterial cellulose(BC) film was prepared for potential uses as wound dressing.In order to obtain a high antibacterial effect,some forms of BC films,including the wet and dried ones were utilized as the template to in situ synthesize silver nanoparticles(AgNPs).The effects of drying methods including freeze-drying,heat drying and air drying,on the microstructures and physical properties of BC,as well as the silver contents and the antibacterial performances of the BC/AgNPs composites were investigated.It was found that the AgNPs impregnated on the dried BC films were inclined to achieve a faster silver releasing rate than the wet one,which was suitable for acute traumas treatment.展开更多
Two novel fluorinated acrylate monomers 4a and 4b containing perfluorohexyl group were designed and synthesized starting from 4-allylanisole and perfluorohexyl iodide.The monomers 4a and 4b were then copolymerized wit...Two novel fluorinated acrylate monomers 4a and 4b containing perfluorohexyl group were designed and synthesized starting from 4-allylanisole and perfluorohexyl iodide.The monomers 4a and 4b were then copolymerized with octadecyl acrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate by emulsion polymerization to give copolymers PFA 1 and PFA 2 respectively.The co-polymers were characterized by FT-IR and their heat stability was measured by TGA.The surface properties of PFA 1 and PFA 2 were studied by applying on cotton fabrics.The treated cotton fabrics showed good water-repellent property,and the contact angles for water reached 142° for PFA 1 and 136° for PFA 2.展开更多
A hydrotalcite-like Mg 2+ /Al 3+ layered double hydroxide(LDH) material was prepared by means of a modified coprecipitation method involving a rapid mixing step followed by a separate aging process. LDH calci...A hydrotalcite-like Mg 2+ /Al 3+ layered double hydroxide(LDH) material was prepared by means of a modified coprecipitation method involving a rapid mixing step followed by a separate aging process. LDH calcined at 500 ℃, denoted as CLDH, was characterized by XRD, IR and BET surface area measurements. CLDH has a poor crystalline MgO-like structure with a high surface area and porosity. CLDH was used as a support for the immobilization of penicillin G acylase(PGA). The effect of varying the immobilization conditions, such as pH, contact time and the ratio of enzyme to support, on the activity of the immobilized enzyme in the hydrolysis of penicillin G has been studied. It was found that the activity of the immobilized enzyme decreased slightly with decreasing pH and reached a maximum after a contact time of 24 h. The activity of the immobilized enzyme increased with increasing the ratio of enzyme to support. It was found that the adsorption of PGA inhibited the expected reaction of CLDH with an aqueous medium to regenerate a LDH phase. Its original activity(36%) after 15 cycles of reuse of the immobilized enzyme was retained, but no further loss in the activity was observed.展开更多
Metallic salts are often added as extra mordant when dyeing the fabrics with natural dyes. Eichhornia crassipes,namely water hyacinth( WH),is an environmentally problematic aquatic weed with high affinity for metals. ...Metallic salts are often added as extra mordant when dyeing the fabrics with natural dyes. Eichhornia crassipes,namely water hyacinth( WH),is an environmentally problematic aquatic weed with high affinity for metals. In this paper,WH was selected as the source of natural mordant dyes,and extracted by absolute ethyl alcohol using a soxhlet apparatus. The colorants in WH were extracted and separated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography( TLC). UV-visible spectrophotometer( UV-VIS),mass spectrometry, chemical identification with chromogenic reaction,and Fourier transform infrared spetroscopy( FTIR) were used to identify the main components of each pigment band. The total metal contents before and after extracting of the WH were determined by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission detector. The WH extracts were then used to dye wool fabric. The dyeing properties of WH extracts with and without metal mordant were investigated and compared. The results show that the main components of WH extracts are pheophytin and phyllins. The major metallic elements identified in WH are magnesium, manganese,zinc,and iron. Samples dyed with WH extracts without metal mordant exhibits high K / S values and good dyeing properties. This study indicates that the WH extracts can be used as a natural mordant dye on wool fabrics directly.展开更多
Waterborne nanoscale carbon black dispersion （NCBD） was widely used in inkjet printing, spun.dyeing fibers and coloration fabrics. In this paper, NCBD was prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） as dis...Waterborne nanoscale carbon black dispersion （NCBD） was widely used in inkjet printing, spun.dyeing fibers and coloration fabrics. In this paper, NCBD was prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） as dispersant. Effects of CMC viscosity, ultrasonic time and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide on carbon black （CB） particle size were discussed. The results showed that CB particle size decreased by mechanical agitation while it Increased by ultrasonic with the increase of CMC viscosity. Uitrasonk is a more effective method to disperse CB particles than that of mechanical agitation. CB particle size lbviously decreased with itcreasing ultrasonic time and arrived at about 160 nm for 60min.In addition,oxidation with 2 mol/L of H2O2 and 0.2wt% of CMC300 reduced CB particle size to 160nm at 90℃ for 2.5h.展开更多
Carbon black has been widely used in many industrial areas,but it is poor dispersibility in water.In order to improve its dispersibility in water,carbon black was treated by oxygen plasma.Plasma treatment,as one of th...Carbon black has been widely used in many industrial areas,but it is poor dispersibility in water.In order to improve its dispersibility in water,carbon black was treated by oxygen plasma.Plasma treatment,as one of the environmental friendly methods,has been used to introduce polar groups,mainly oxygen-containing groups,to the surface of carbon black.The results show the dispersibility of treated carbon black in water is greatly improved,which is expressed with the centrifugal and gravity settlement rates.Analysis of the treated carbon black with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)indicates that oxygen plasma treatment can cause significant increase of polar groups including C-OH,COOH,CO,and O-C-O on the surface of carbon black thus greatly improves the dispersing stability of carbon black in water.Besides,the dispersibility of plasma treated carbon black can be further improved by the addition of organic amines,especially polyetheramines.The improvement of the dispersing stability of carbon black has also been confirmed by zeta potential measurements.展开更多
Traditional preparation of magnetic microcapsules involves cumbersome processes and often results in irregular-shaped products. Due to the stable laminar flow of reaction solution and the moderate reaction conditions,...Traditional preparation of magnetic microcapsules involves cumbersome processes and often results in irregular-shaped products. Due to the stable laminar flow of reaction solution and the moderate reaction conditions, the T-shaped microchannel (T-MC) reactor is supposed to yield microcapsules with regular shape. In this paper, magnetic particles of ferroferric oxide modified by oleic acid (OA-Fe3O4) and dispersed in tetrachloroethylene were used as core material. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as shell material. Magnetic microcapsules were prepared by using a T-MC reactor. Factors that influenced the encapsulated reaction were investigated in details, which included the velocity ratio of aqueous phase to oil phase, the length and the inner diameter of the microchannel. The morphology, composition, and magnetic responsiveness of the magnetic microcapsules were analyzed and characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results confirmed that magnetic microcapsules prepared by T-MC reactor were regular in shape.展开更多
The flame retardants containing organophosphorus compounds have extensively been used in the flame retarding of polymer materials. Among others, dimethyl methyl phosphate (DMMP) was applied in flame retarding of polyu...The flame retardants containing organophosphorus compounds have extensively been used in the flame retarding of polymer materials. Among others, dimethyl methyl phosphate (DMMP) was applied in flame retarding of polyurethane owing to its so much merit. However, the water-soluble property of DMMP restricted its application in textile fabric. The flame retarding system containing DMMP will be microencapsulated to form a novel flame retardant that could be used in textiles. We have studied the built–up effect of DMMP with some inorganic compounds to improve the afterflame and afterglow suppression in the flame retarding system. The experimental data indicated that inorganic compounds containing various non-metal elements P, N, B and metal ions Mg2+, Al3+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn4+ could be applied in flame retarding systems as additives to effectively suppress afterflame or afterglow.展开更多
A new rare earth complex Eu（III） （TTA）2（MA）2Phen · H2O was synthesized and characterized by element analysis, FTIR, UV, thermal analysis, and fluorescence spectra. The strong fluorescence and high thermal s...A new rare earth complex Eu（III） （TTA）2（MA）2Phen · H2O was synthesized and characterized by element analysis, FTIR, UV, thermal analysis, and fluorescence spectra. The strong fluorescence and high thermal stability of Eu（III） （TTA）2（MA）2Phen · H2O were used to modify resin. The copolymer containing europium was prepared by copolymerization of Eu（III） and styrene/α- methylacrylic acid, and characterized by FTIR and fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence spectra showed that the copolymer was a sort of materials with good fluorescence property, and the higher fluorescence intensity came from the higher europium content.展开更多
Three kinds of packaging bags composited with barrier film and moisture absorbents were designed in order to find out how to create an internal micro-environment with low O2content and relative humidity( RH). Peanuts ...Three kinds of packaging bags composited with barrier film and moisture absorbents were designed in order to find out how to create an internal micro-environment with low O2content and relative humidity( RH). Peanuts with different moisture contents were filled into packaging bags and stored in an environmental chamber for a certain period of time. An RH recorder was sealed in each bag and the RH inside the bag was recorded. The moisture contents of peanuts before and after storage were measured as well.It is found that peanuts with moisture content of 13% can reduce O2content inside the bag by the aerobic respiration,achieving the self modified atmosphere packaging( MAP) effect. A microenvironment with lower RH can be created by using super-absorbent fiber( SAF) or mineral bag as the moisture absorbent. The moisture contents of peanuts stored in the bags with SAF and mineral bag as moisture absorbent decreased from 13% to 10. 5%and 11. 3%,respectively. SAF is a promising material of packaging bags composited with barrier film,in which a low RH and high CO2content can be created.展开更多
Poultry industry produces a vast amount of feather waste annually, which forms a burden for environment protection.However, feathers are valuable bio-resources with high keratinaceous protein content and can be conver...Poultry industry produces a vast amount of feather waste annually, which forms a burden for environment protection.However, feathers are valuable bio-resources with high keratinaceous protein content and can be converted into more valuable materials through some approaches such as biodegradation by microorganism-derived keratinases. The characters of keratinases in microorganisms remain largely undetermined. In this study,it is reported that the morphological change of cell surface and the activities of intracellular and extracellular keratinases in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia( S. maltophilia) DHHJ. S. maltophilia DHHJ was cultured on lysogeny broth( LB) and feather broth(FB) through fermenter technology,and ultrastructure of cell and keratinase activity including extracellular and intracellular enzyme were observed respectively. Ultrastructural change on the cell surface was only observed for the bacteria cultured on FB medium,but not on LB,suggesting that the change could be induced by feather keratin. Therefore, the results showed that extracellular keratinase is a kind of induction enzyme while intracellular keratinase is a kind of constitute enzyme in S. maltophilia DHHJ.展开更多
With quantitative conversion to volatile derivatives,substance such as perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)that is difficult to analyze can be separated by conventional techniques and then be characterized.In this paper,th...With quantitative conversion to volatile derivatives,substance such as perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)that is difficult to analyze can be separated by conventional techniques and then be characterized.In this paper,the methods and procedures in which perfluorooctane sulfonic acids were converted to corresponding sulfonic ester by reaction with triethylorthoacetate(TEOA)in the presence of solvent were described,and then PFOS was analyzed as ethyl ester derivatives.Mass spectra(MS)were generated using electron ionization(EI)mode.And the EI spectra of the volatile derivatives show ions characteristic of both the fluorinated hydrocarbon and the sulfonic ester portion of the molecules.展开更多
The dispersibility of vermiculite is the key factor that affects the application of vermiculite.In this paper,the milled natural vermiculite was pillared by organic quaternary ammonium salts.Then the pillared vermicul...The dispersibility of vermiculite is the key factor that affects the application of vermiculite.In this paper,the milled natural vermiculite was pillared by organic quaternary ammonium salts.Then the pillared vermiculite was ground and homogenized under the existence of dispersive agent to form a stable vermiculite hydrosol system.Small angle X-ray diffraction(SA-XRD),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and thermogravimetric analyses(TGA)were used to characterize the structure and thermal property of the vermiculite.The results indicate that the exfoliated vermiculite is successfully obtained.The analyses of laser particle size analyzer,transmission electron microscope(TEM),and Tyndall phenomenon analyzer demonstrate that the vermiculite hydrosol prepared is a stable hydrosol system.展开更多
Membranes formed by polysulfonamide(PSA)and phosphotungstic acid(PWA)supported on nano-silica have been prepared.Fourier transform infrared spectra(FTIR)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)were used to characterize the...Membranes formed by polysulfonamide(PSA)and phosphotungstic acid(PWA)supported on nano-silica have been prepared.Fourier transform infrared spectra(FTIR)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)were used to characterize the structure and thermal properties of obtained membranes.The analyses of water uptake,proton conductivity and mechanical properties of the membranes revealed that PWA and silica produced a beneficial effect on proton conduction of the membranes.The membranes with 50 wt% of PWA-SiO2 /PSA were mechanically stable and gave proton conductivity of 2.57×10-2 S·cm-1 at 90℃ and 100% relative humidity.According to the obtained results,PWA and SiO2 doped PSA is a promising material for proton exchange membrane.展开更多
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.13D110520 and 13D310508)for funding this work
文摘A series of room-temperature ternary deep eutectic solvents （TDESs） were prepared from imidazolium halides, zinc halides and amides. The [BMIM]Cl-ZnCl2-acetamide （1：1：1） system shows the lowest freezing point （-60℃） and lowest density in the series. The viscosity and conductivity of TDESs have an exponential relationship with temperature and can be fitted by Arrhenius equation.
文摘In this study,hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene( HCCP)modified by boric acid and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane( KH-550)in solvent diglyme( FR-HCCP) was used as the flame retardant for poly( ethylene terephthalate)( PET) composites. The flame retardancy and thermal property of pure PET and flame-retarded PET composites were mainly investigated. The flame retardancy was investigated by limited oxygen index( LOI) and UL-94 vertical burning test. The results showed that the composites could achieved an increased UL-94 V-0 rating and LOI value 30. 2, when the content of FR-HCCP was just 1%. The pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( Py-GC / MS) study demonstrated that introducing FR-HCCP into PET would prevent the polymer pyrolysis during heating. TGA analysis showed that the addition of FR-HCCP could improve the char formation of the system. Roman spectra showed the order degree of residue was increasing by adding the additive. The morphology and the chemical structure of the charred residue were detected by SEMand FTIR,respectively. Results demonstrated that a good barrier was formed by the char of the composite,which protected the inside of the composite during burning.
基金National Key Technology R&D Program,China(No.2011BAE07B08)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2232013D3-26)
文摘Unfixed reactive dyes stained on cotton fabric could be removed using Fe-tetra-amido macro-cyclic ligands( TAML) / H_2O_2 catalyzed oxidation system( COS). The colored washing-off wastewater also could be decolorized simultaneously in the same system. The decolourization kinetics showed that the decolourization ratio of reactive dyes in water could reach at least 80% at room temperature in 10 min,which followed the law of pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. The effects of the COS washing-off process parameters on the decolourization ratio,chemical oxygen demand( COD) of wastewater,K/S value,color fastness,color difference,and bursting strength were investigated in detail. The results showed that color fastness properties and final shade of fabric treated by COS were very similar to conventional soaping. The reactive dye molecules in wash-off bath were destroyed using the COS,potentially reduced COD which generated during conventional washing-off procedure.
基金Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No.106089)
文摘Nanoscale titanium dioxide functional films were prepared on the surface of the cotton woven fabric and the polyester knitted fabric at room temperature by Radio Frequency （RF） magnetron sputtering process. The surface microstructure and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Photocatalytic property of two treated fabrics was tested in solar and ultraviolet （UV） radiation respectively, and their photocatalytic activity was compared. The results showed that the nanoscale titanium dioxide deposited on the surface of the treated fabrics was at different anastasia phase. The treated fabrics have excellent photocatalytic property, and after 30 launderings, the photocatalytic activity still maintained at a high level. Also, it indicated that the photocatalytic activity of the treated fabrics in UV radiation was higher than in solar radiation, but the effect wasn＇t very distinct. And at the same experimental magnetron sputtering parameters, the cotton coated with the nanoscale titanium dioxide showed better performance than the polyester fabric coated with the nanoscale titanium dioxide in terms of the photocatalytic property.
基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teamin University(No.IRT0526)Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No.06ZR14001)
文摘Much attention is devoted to fluorescent dyes especially those with potential in versatile applications.Reactions under "click" conditions between nonfluorescent 3-azidocoumarins and terminal alkynes produced 3-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)coumarins,a novel type of fluorescent dyes with intense fluorescence.The structures of the new coumarins were characterized by 1H NMR,MS,and IR spectra.Fluorescence spectra measurement demonstrated excellent fluorescence performance of the triazolylcoumarins and this click reaction is a promising candidate for bioconjugation and bioimaging applications since both azide and alkynes are quite inert to biological systems.
基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teamin University,China(No.IRT0526)Shanghai Municipal Scientific Committee,China(No.08JC1400400)
文摘Polyoxetanes bearing short fluorinated and/or bromomethyl pendant groups were prepared from 3,3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxymethyl)oxetane and/or 3,3-bisbromomethyloxetane by ring-opening polymerization.A series of novel polyurethanes(PUs)containing polyoxetanes as soft blocks was synthesized by the reaction of polyoxetanes,isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI),and 1,4-butanediol(BD).The thermal properties and wetting behavior of these novel polymers were evaluated using TGA,DSC and contact angle analysis.The cotton fabrics treated with PU3 showed good hydrophobic property,and its contact angle for water was 133°.
基金“111 Project” Biomedical Textile Materials Science and Technology,China(No.B07024)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.15ZR1401000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘A type of antibacterial bacterial cellulose(BC) film was prepared for potential uses as wound dressing.In order to obtain a high antibacterial effect,some forms of BC films,including the wet and dried ones were utilized as the template to in situ synthesize silver nanoparticles(AgNPs).The effects of drying methods including freeze-drying,heat drying and air drying,on the microstructures and physical properties of BC,as well as the silver contents and the antibacterial performances of the BC/AgNPs composites were investigated.It was found that the AgNPs impregnated on the dried BC films were inclined to achieve a faster silver releasing rate than the wet one,which was suitable for acute traumas treatment.
基金Programfor Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teamin University,China(No.IRT0526)Shanghai Municipal Scientific Committee,China(No.08JC1400400)
文摘Two novel fluorinated acrylate monomers 4a and 4b containing perfluorohexyl group were designed and synthesized starting from 4-allylanisole and perfluorohexyl iodide.The monomers 4a and 4b were then copolymerized with octadecyl acrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate by emulsion polymerization to give copolymers PFA 1 and PFA 2 respectively.The co-polymers were characterized by FT-IR and their heat stability was measured by TGA.The surface properties of PFA 1 and PFA 2 were studied by applying on cotton fabrics.The treated cotton fabrics showed good water-repellent property,and the contact angles for water reached 142° for PFA 1 and 136° for PFA 2.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China( No.2 99730 0 4 )
文摘A hydrotalcite-like Mg 2+ /Al 3+ layered double hydroxide(LDH) material was prepared by means of a modified coprecipitation method involving a rapid mixing step followed by a separate aging process. LDH calcined at 500 ℃, denoted as CLDH, was characterized by XRD, IR and BET surface area measurements. CLDH has a poor crystalline MgO-like structure with a high surface area and porosity. CLDH was used as a support for the immobilization of penicillin G acylase(PGA). The effect of varying the immobilization conditions, such as pH, contact time and the ratio of enzyme to support, on the activity of the immobilized enzyme in the hydrolysis of penicillin G has been studied. It was found that the activity of the immobilized enzyme decreased slightly with decreasing pH and reached a maximum after a contact time of 24 h. The activity of the immobilized enzyme increased with increasing the ratio of enzyme to support. It was found that the adsorption of PGA inhibited the expected reaction of CLDH with an aqueous medium to regenerate a LDH phase. Its original activity(36%) after 15 cycles of reuse of the immobilized enzyme was retained, but no further loss in the activity was observed.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2011D10543)
文摘Metallic salts are often added as extra mordant when dyeing the fabrics with natural dyes. Eichhornia crassipes,namely water hyacinth( WH),is an environmentally problematic aquatic weed with high affinity for metals. In this paper,WH was selected as the source of natural mordant dyes,and extracted by absolute ethyl alcohol using a soxhlet apparatus. The colorants in WH were extracted and separated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography( TLC). UV-visible spectrophotometer( UV-VIS),mass spectrometry, chemical identification with chromogenic reaction,and Fourier transform infrared spetroscopy( FTIR) were used to identify the main components of each pigment band. The total metal contents before and after extracting of the WH were determined by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission detector. The WH extracts were then used to dye wool fabric. The dyeing properties of WH extracts with and without metal mordant were investigated and compared. The results show that the main components of WH extracts are pheophytin and phyllins. The major metallic elements identified in WH are magnesium, manganese,zinc,and iron. Samples dyed with WH extracts without metal mordant exhibits high K / S values and good dyeing properties. This study indicates that the WH extracts can be used as a natural mordant dye on wool fabrics directly.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China( No.50173012) and863Hi-tech Research and Development Program ofChina (2002AA327120)
文摘Waterborne nanoscale carbon black dispersion （NCBD） was widely used in inkjet printing, spun.dyeing fibers and coloration fabrics. In this paper, NCBD was prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） as dispersant. Effects of CMC viscosity, ultrasonic time and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide on carbon black （CB） particle size were discussed. The results showed that CB particle size decreased by mechanical agitation while it Increased by ultrasonic with the increase of CMC viscosity. Uitrasonk is a more effective method to disperse CB particles than that of mechanical agitation. CB particle size lbviously decreased with itcreasing ultrasonic time and arrived at about 160 nm for 60min.In addition,oxidation with 2 mol/L of H2O2 and 0.2wt% of CMC300 reduced CB particle size to 160nm at 90℃ for 2.5h.
基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teamin University,China(No.IRT0526)
文摘Carbon black has been widely used in many industrial areas,but it is poor dispersibility in water.In order to improve its dispersibility in water,carbon black was treated by oxygen plasma.Plasma treatment,as one of the environmental friendly methods,has been used to introduce polar groups,mainly oxygen-containing groups,to the surface of carbon black.The results show the dispersibility of treated carbon black in water is greatly improved,which is expressed with the centrifugal and gravity settlement rates.Analysis of the treated carbon black with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)indicates that oxygen plasma treatment can cause significant increase of polar groups including C-OH,COOH,CO,and O-C-O on the surface of carbon black thus greatly improves the dispersing stability of carbon black in water.Besides,the dispersibility of plasma treated carbon black can be further improved by the addition of organic amines,especially polyetheramines.The improvement of the dispersing stability of carbon black has also been confirmed by zeta potential measurements.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2011D10543,No.2013D110525)
文摘Traditional preparation of magnetic microcapsules involves cumbersome processes and often results in irregular-shaped products. Due to the stable laminar flow of reaction solution and the moderate reaction conditions, the T-shaped microchannel (T-MC) reactor is supposed to yield microcapsules with regular shape. In this paper, magnetic particles of ferroferric oxide modified by oleic acid (OA-Fe3O4) and dispersed in tetrachloroethylene were used as core material. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as shell material. Magnetic microcapsules were prepared by using a T-MC reactor. Factors that influenced the encapsulated reaction were investigated in details, which included the velocity ratio of aqueous phase to oil phase, the length and the inner diameter of the microchannel. The morphology, composition, and magnetic responsiveness of the magnetic microcapsules were analyzed and characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results confirmed that magnetic microcapsules prepared by T-MC reactor were regular in shape.
文摘The flame retardants containing organophosphorus compounds have extensively been used in the flame retarding of polymer materials. Among others, dimethyl methyl phosphate (DMMP) was applied in flame retarding of polyurethane owing to its so much merit. However, the water-soluble property of DMMP restricted its application in textile fabric. The flame retarding system containing DMMP will be microencapsulated to form a novel flame retardant that could be used in textiles. We have studied the built–up effect of DMMP with some inorganic compounds to improve the afterflame and afterglow suppression in the flame retarding system. The experimental data indicated that inorganic compounds containing various non-metal elements P, N, B and metal ions Mg2+, Al3+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn4+ could be applied in flame retarding systems as additives to effectively suppress afterflame or afterglow.
基金Research Topics of Shanghai Scientific Committee,China (No.065458025)
文摘A new rare earth complex Eu（III） （TTA）2（MA）2Phen · H2O was synthesized and characterized by element analysis, FTIR, UV, thermal analysis, and fluorescence spectra. The strong fluorescence and high thermal stability of Eu（III） （TTA）2（MA）2Phen · H2O were used to modify resin. The copolymer containing europium was prepared by copolymerization of Eu（III） and styrene/α- methylacrylic acid, and characterized by FTIR and fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence spectra showed that the copolymer was a sort of materials with good fluorescence property, and the higher fluorescence intensity came from the higher europium content.
文摘Three kinds of packaging bags composited with barrier film and moisture absorbents were designed in order to find out how to create an internal micro-environment with low O2content and relative humidity( RH). Peanuts with different moisture contents were filled into packaging bags and stored in an environmental chamber for a certain period of time. An RH recorder was sealed in each bag and the RH inside the bag was recorded. The moisture contents of peanuts before and after storage were measured as well.It is found that peanuts with moisture content of 13% can reduce O2content inside the bag by the aerobic respiration,achieving the self modified atmosphere packaging( MAP) effect. A microenvironment with lower RH can be created by using super-absorbent fiber( SAF) or mineral bag as the moisture absorbent. The moisture contents of peanuts stored in the bags with SAF and mineral bag as moisture absorbent decreased from 13% to 10. 5%and 11. 3%,respectively. SAF is a promising material of packaging bags composited with barrier film,in which a low RH and high CO2content can be created.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.31000989,31570106)
文摘Poultry industry produces a vast amount of feather waste annually, which forms a burden for environment protection.However, feathers are valuable bio-resources with high keratinaceous protein content and can be converted into more valuable materials through some approaches such as biodegradation by microorganism-derived keratinases. The characters of keratinases in microorganisms remain largely undetermined. In this study,it is reported that the morphological change of cell surface and the activities of intracellular and extracellular keratinases in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia( S. maltophilia) DHHJ. S. maltophilia DHHJ was cultured on lysogeny broth( LB) and feather broth(FB) through fermenter technology,and ultrastructure of cell and keratinase activity including extracellular and intracellular enzyme were observed respectively. Ultrastructural change on the cell surface was only observed for the bacteria cultured on FB medium,but not on LB,suggesting that the change could be induced by feather keratin. Therefore, the results showed that extracellular keratinase is a kind of induction enzyme while intracellular keratinase is a kind of constitute enzyme in S. maltophilia DHHJ.
基金Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision,China(No.09TBT017)
文摘With quantitative conversion to volatile derivatives,substance such as perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)that is difficult to analyze can be separated by conventional techniques and then be characterized.In this paper,the methods and procedures in which perfluorooctane sulfonic acids were converted to corresponding sulfonic ester by reaction with triethylorthoacetate(TEOA)in the presence of solvent were described,and then PFOS was analyzed as ethyl ester derivatives.Mass spectra(MS)were generated using electron ionization(EI)mode.And the EI spectra of the volatile derivatives show ions characteristic of both the fluorinated hydrocarbon and the sulfonic ester portion of the molecules.
基金National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program),China(No.2007AA03Z336)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China(No.NCET-07-0174)
文摘The dispersibility of vermiculite is the key factor that affects the application of vermiculite.In this paper,the milled natural vermiculite was pillared by organic quaternary ammonium salts.Then the pillared vermiculite was ground and homogenized under the existence of dispersive agent to form a stable vermiculite hydrosol system.Small angle X-ray diffraction(SA-XRD),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and thermogravimetric analyses(TGA)were used to characterize the structure and thermal property of the vermiculite.The results indicate that the exfoliated vermiculite is successfully obtained.The analyses of laser particle size analyzer,transmission electron microscope(TEM),and Tyndall phenomenon analyzer demonstrate that the vermiculite hydrosol prepared is a stable hydrosol system.
文摘Membranes formed by polysulfonamide(PSA)and phosphotungstic acid(PWA)supported on nano-silica have been prepared.Fourier transform infrared spectra(FTIR)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)were used to characterize the structure and thermal properties of obtained membranes.The analyses of water uptake,proton conductivity and mechanical properties of the membranes revealed that PWA and silica produced a beneficial effect on proton conduction of the membranes.The membranes with 50 wt% of PWA-SiO2 /PSA were mechanically stable and gave proton conductivity of 2.57×10-2 S·cm-1 at 90℃ and 100% relative humidity.According to the obtained results,PWA and SiO2 doped PSA is a promising material for proton exchange membrane.
