Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil con...Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil contamination.Understanding how microbial communities respond to varying pollution levels is critical for developing effective bioremediation strategies.This study examined how different concentrations of crude oil affect soil properties and microbial communities in Qingyang City,eastern Gansu Province,China by comparing lightly polluted(1895.84-2696.54 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)),heavily polluted(4964.25-7153.61 mg/kg TPH),and uncontaminated(CK)soils.Results revealed that petroleum contamination significantly increased total organic carbon(TOC),pH,C:N:P ratio,and the activities of dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),while reducing total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM),soil water content(SWC),the activities of urease(URE)and alkaline phosphatase(APA),and microbial alpha diversity(P<0.050).Light pollution(LP)soils demonstrated an increase in culturable microorganisms,whereas heavy pollution(HP)soils exhibited increased hydrocarbon-degrading microbes and higher expression of key functional genes,such as alkane monooxygenase(AlkB),cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylases(P450),catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C23O),and naphthalene dioxygenase(Nah)(P<0.050).Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated evident variations in microbial community structure across different oil contamination levels.LP soils were dominated by bacterial genera Pseudoxanthomonas and Solimonadaceae,whereas Pseudomonas,Nocardioides,and hydrocarbon-degrading genera(Marinobacter,Idiomarina,and Halomonas)were predominant in HP soils.The fungal genus Pseudallescheria exhibited the most pronounced abundance shift between LP and HP soils(P<0.050).Environmental factor analysis identified AN,SWC,TN,SOM,and alpha diversity indices(Shannon index and Chao1 index)as the key differentiators of CK soils,whereas the pollutant levels and metal content were characterized in HP soils.Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial abundance was a defining trait of HP soils.Metabolic pathway analysis revealed enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in HP soils,indicating microbial adaptation to severe contamination.These findings demonstrated that crude oil pollution suppressed soil nutrients while reshaping the structure and function of microbial communities.Pollution intensity directly affected microbial composition and degradation potential.This study offers valuable insights into microbial responses across contamination gradients and supports the development of targeted bioremediation strategies for oil-contaminated loess soils.展开更多
Avian genomes exhibit compact organization and remarkable chromosomal stability.However,the extent and mechanisms by which structural variation in avian genomes differ from those in other vertebrate lineages are poorl...Avian genomes exhibit compact organization and remarkable chromosomal stability.However,the extent and mechanisms by which structural variation in avian genomes differ from those in other vertebrate lineages are poorly explored.This study generated a diploid genome assembly for the golden pheasant(Chrysolophus pictus),a species distinguished by the vibrant plumage of males.Each haploid genome assembly included complete chromosomalmodels,incorporatingall microchromosomes.Analysis revealed extensive tandem amplification of immune-related genes across the smallest microchromosomes(dot chromosomes),with an average copy number of 54.Structural variation between the haploid genomes was primarily shaped by large insertions and deletions(indels),with minimal contributions from inversions or duplications.Approximately 28%of these large indels were associated with recent insertions of transposable elements,despite their typically low activity in bird genomes.Evidence for significant effects of transposable elements on gene expression was minimal.Evolutionary strata on the sex chromosomes were identified,along with a drastic rearrangement of the W chromosome.These analyses of the high-quality diploid genome of the golden pheasant provide valuable insights into the evolutionary patterns of structural variation in avian genomes.展开更多
Sinonovacula constricta is one of the important economic aquaculture species in China. In this study, we constructed genetic linkage maps of S. constricta based on 300 microsatellite markers derived from RAD-seq using...Sinonovacula constricta is one of the important economic aquaculture species in China. In this study, we constructed genetic linkage maps of S. constricta based on 300 microsatellite markers derived from RAD-seq using an F1 full-sib family. The female map contained 204 microsatellites assigned to 22 linkage groups, which covered 1529.5 cM with an average interval of 10.3 cM. The male consisted of 187 microsatellites in 19 linkage groups corresponding to the haploid chromosome number(n(28)19), which spanned 1429.3 cM with an average interval of 8.7 cM. The genome coverage was approximately 83.5% and 81.4%, respectively. An integrated map was constructed according to the common markers in parental linkage groups, which had a total length of 1683.8 cM with an average interval of 7.3 cM. The genome coverage of the integrated map was approximately 86.3%. The genetic linkage map would form the foundation for further studies on the quantitative trait loci(QTL), as well as accelerating the breeding process of this species.展开更多
Murraya paniculata(L.),a well-known medical plant,has widely been used to treat inflammation,stomach ache,internal and external injuries,and for other purposes.In this study,we determined the reducing,lipid peroxidati...Murraya paniculata(L.),a well-known medical plant,has widely been used to treat inflammation,stomach ache,internal and external injuries,and for other purposes.In this study,we determined the reducing,lipid peroxidation inhibition,1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil radical(DPPH•)scavenging,superoxide anion radical(O2−•)scavenging,hydroxyl radical(HO•)scavenging and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)scavenging activities of the methanolic extract of M.paniculata(MPE)by UV–vis spectrophotometer.The results showed that M.paniculata was rich in flavonoids(375 mg RE/g of extract).Reducing,lipid peroxidation inhibition and HO•scavenging activities of the extract were 0.26 mg/mL,0.023 mg/mL and 0.302 mg/mL,respectively,these activities were significantly higher than those of trolox.Other antioxidative behavior indicators,i.e.,DPPH•scavenging,O2−•scavenging and H2O2 scavenging activities of MPE were 0.93 mg/mL,0.581 mg/mL and 0.47 mg/mL,respectively,and were comparable to those exhibited by trolox.These results indicate that the methanolic extract of M.paniculata exhibited strong antioxidative and radical scavenging activities.展开更多
The Loess Plateau,located in Gansu Province,is an important energy base in China because most of the oil and gas resources are distributed in Gansu Province.In the last 40 a,ecological environment in this region has b...The Loess Plateau,located in Gansu Province,is an important energy base in China because most of the oil and gas resources are distributed in Gansu Province.In the last 40 a,ecological environment in this region has been extremely destroyed due to the over-exploitation of crude-oil resources.Remediation of crude-oil contaminated soil in this area remains to be a challenging task.In this study,in order to elucidate the effects of organic compost and biochar on phytoremediation of crude-oil contaminated soil(20 g/kg)by Calendula officinalis,we designed five treatments,i.e.,natural attenuation(CK),planted C.officinalis only(P),planted C.officinalis with biochar amendment(PB),planted C.officinalis with organic compost amendment(PC),and planted C.officinalis with co-amendment of biochar and organic compost(PBC).After 152 d of cultivation,total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)removal rates of CK,P,PB,PC and PBC were 6.36%,50.08%,39.58%,73.10%and 59.87%,respectively.Shoot and root dry weights of C.officinalis significantly increased by 172.31%and 80.96%under PC and 311.61%and 145.43%under PBC,respectively as compared with P(P<0.05).Total chlorophyll contents in leaves of C.officinalis under P,PC and PBC significantly increased by 77.36%,125.50%and 79.80%,respectively(P<0.05)as compared with PB.Physical-chemical characteristics and enzymatic activity of soil in different treatments were also assessed.The highest total N,total P,available N,available P and SOM(soil organic matter)occurred in PC,followed by PBC(P<0.05).C.officinalis rhizospheric soil dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activities in PB were lower than those of other treatments(P<0.05).The values of ACE(abundance-based coverage estimators)and Chao 1 indices for rhizospheric bacteria were the highest under PC followed by PBC,P,PB and CK(P<0.05).However,the Shannon index for bacteria was the highest under PC and PBC,followed by P,PB and CK(P<0.05).In terms of soil microbial community composition,Proteiniphilum,Immundisolibacteraceae and Solimonadaceae were relatively more abundant under PC and PBC.Relative abundances of Pseudallescheria,Ochroconis,Fusarium,Sarocladium,Podospora,Apodus,Pyrenochaetopsis and Schizothecium under PC and PBC were higher,while relative abundances of Gliomastix,Aspergillus and Alternaria were lower under PC and PBC.As per the nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)analysis,application of organic compost significantly promoted soil N and P contents,shoot length,root vitality,chlorophyll ratio,total chlorophyll,abundance and diversity of rhizospheric soil microbial community in C.officinalis.A high p H value and lower soil N and P contents induced by biochar,altered C.officinalis rhizospheric soil microbial community composition,which might have restrained its phytoremediation efficiency.The results suggest that organic compost-assisted C.officinalis phytoremediation for crude-oil contaminated soil was highly effective in the Loess Plateau,China.展开更多
Adsorption and desorption are important processes that affect atrazine transport,transformation,and bioavailability in soils.In this study,the adsorption–desorption characteristics of atrazine in three soils（laterit...Adsorption and desorption are important processes that affect atrazine transport,transformation,and bioavailability in soils.In this study,the adsorption–desorption characteristics of atrazine in three soils（laterite,paddy soil and alluvial soil） were evaluated using the batch equilibrium method.The results showed that the kinetics of atrazine in soils was completed in two steps：a＂fast＂ adsorption and a ＂slow＂ adsorption and could be well described by pseudo-second-order model.In addition,the adsorption equilibrium isotherms were nonlinear and were well fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir models.It was found that the adsorption data on laterite,and paddy soil were better fitted by the Freundlich model;as for alluvial soil,the Langmuir model described it better.The maximum atrazine sorption capacities ranked as follows：paddy soil 〉 alluvial soil 〉 laterite.Results of thermodynamic calculations indicated that atrazine adsorption on three tested soils was spontaneous and endothermic.The desorption data showed that negative hysteresis occurred.Furthermore,lower solution pH value was conducive to the adsorption of atrazine in soils.The atrazine adsorption in these three tested soils was controlled by physical adsorption,including partition and surface adsorption.At lower equilibrium concentration,the atrazine adsorption process in soils was dominated by surface adsorption;while with the increase of equilibrium concentration,partition was predominant.展开更多
The aims of this study were to explore the interspecific differences of Populus euphratica Oliv.and Populus pruinosa Schrenk populations and the intraspecific differences of males and females within the same species i...The aims of this study were to explore the interspecific differences of Populus euphratica Oliv.and Populus pruinosa Schrenk populations and the intraspecific differences of males and females within the same species in flowering phenological traits,and the effects of temperatures on flowering phenological traits in different growth years(2001–2003 and 2013–2015).The results showed that P.euphratica population flowered earlier than P.pruinosa population.Moreover,flowering phenological period of population,number of days of flowering phenological period per population,number of days of flowering phenological period per plant and average number of days of flowering period per plant of P.euphratica population were less than those of P.pruinosa population.The differences between male and female within the same species indicated that the flowering periods of males P.euphratica and P.pruinosa populations were earlier than those of female plants.For both species,flowering phenological traits were significantly and negatively correlated with the average temperatures in previous ten days,previous one month and previous three months of flowering.Both species are sensitive to temperature changes and adjust to the changes by advancing the start of flowering and prolonging the duration of flowering.展开更多
Leaf traits can directly reflect the adaptation strategies of plants to the environment.However,there is limited knowledge on the adaptation strategies of heteromorphic leaves of male and female Populus euphratica Oli...Leaf traits can directly reflect the adaptation strategies of plants to the environment.However,there is limited knowledge on the adaptation strategies of heteromorphic leaves of male and female Populus euphratica Oliv.in response to individual developmental stages(i.e.,diameter class)and canopy height changes.In this study,morphological and physiological properties of heteromorphic leaves of male and female P.euphratica were investigated.Results showed that both male and female P.euphratica exhibited increased leaf area(LA),leaf dry weight(LDW),leaf thickness(LT),net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(g_(s)),proline(Pro),and malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration,decreased leaf shape index(LI)and specific leaf area(SLA)with increasing diameter and canopy height.Leaf water potential(LWP)increased with increasing diameter,LWP decreased significantly with increasing canopy height in both sexes,and carbon isotope fraction(δ^(13)C)increased significantly with canopy height in both sexes,all of which showed obvious resistance characteristics.However,males showed greater LA,LT,P_(n),T_(r),and Pro than females at the same canopy height,and males showed significantly higher LA,SLA,LT,P_(n),T_(r),g_(s),and MDA,but lower LWP and δ_(1)3C than females at the same canopy height,suggesting that male P.euphratica have stronger photosynthetic and osmoregulatory abilities,and are sensitive to water deficiency.Moreover,difference between male and female P.euphratica is closely related to the increase in individual diameter class and canopy height.In summary,male plants showed higher stress tolerance than female plants,and differences in P_(n),g_(s),T_(r),Pro,MDA,δ_(13)C,and LWP between females and males were related to changes in leaf morphology,diameter class,and canopy height.The results of this study provide a theory for the differences in growth adaptation strategies during individual development of P.euphratica.展开更多
Background Geese are among the most important poultry species in the world.The current generally accepted hypothesis is that the European domestic geese originated from greylag geese(Anser anser),and Chinese domestic ...Background Geese are among the most important poultry species in the world.The current generally accepted hypothesis is that the European domestic geese originated from greylag geese(Anser anser),and Chinese domestic geese have two origins,most of which originated from swan geese(Anser cygnoides),and the Yili goose originated from greylag geese.To explain the origin and demographic history of geese,we selected 14 goose breeds from Europe and China and wild populations of swan and greylag geese,and whole genome sequencing data were obtained for 74 samples.Results Population structure analysis and phylogenetic trees showed that the wild ancestor of Chinese domestic geese,except for Yili,is the swan geese,and the wild ancestor of Chinese Yili and European domestic geese is greylag geese.Analysis of the demographic history suggests that the domestication of Chinese geese occurred~3499 years ago and that of the European geese occurred~7552 years ago.Furthermore,gene flow was observed between domestic geese and their wild ancestors.Analysis of introgression showed that Yili geese had been introgressed by Chinese domestic geese,and the body size of Yili geese may be influenced by introgression events of some growthrelated genes,including IGF-1.Conclusions Our study provides evidence for the origin of geese at the genome-wide level and advances the understanding of the history of goose domestication and the traits affected by introgression events.展开更多
A novel capillary electrophoresis method for simultaneous determination of Cu and Pb has been developed in this paper.Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions were reacted with ABEDTA to form complex to achieve an ideal sensitivity...A novel capillary electrophoresis method for simultaneous determination of Cu and Pb has been developed in this paper.Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions were reacted with ABEDTA to form complex to achieve an ideal sensitivity of heavy metal complexes.The digestion solution of Rhizoma coptidis drug sample was purified by neutral Al_2O_3 column chromatography and the chromatographic behavior of metal-L complexes was investigated.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5-60μg/mL for Cu^（2＋） and 5-25μg/mL for Pb^（2＋） with the correlation coefficients 0.9970 and 0.9972 for each（n = 5）.The average recoveries were 86.2%for Pb and 90.1%for Cu,while the relative standard deviations were 5.1%and 3.6%respectively.The method was successfully applied to determine Cu and Pb in R.coptidis drug samples.展开更多
A new method for the analysis of copper and its speciation in Rhizoma coptidis was proposed using chelatometric dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction（cDLLME） followed by capillary electrophoresis. Dithizone was u...A new method for the analysis of copper and its speciation in Rhizoma coptidis was proposed using chelatometric dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction（cDLLME） followed by capillary electrophoresis. Dithizone was used as a chelating agent for extraction and carbon tetrachloride and ethanol were used as extraction and dispersive solvent,respectively.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5- 20.0μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9990（n = 6） and the average recovery was in the range of 88.26%-94.44%.The method was successfully used to determine the total and water soluble copper in Rhizoma coptidis herbal medicine.The results suggested that it would be reasonable to setting the criterion of heavy metals in an herbal medicine according to the dosage forms.展开更多
Assessing the impact of plantation on microbial respiration （MR） is vitally important to understand the interactions between belowground metabolism and land use change. In this study, cumulative MR was determined by...Assessing the impact of plantation on microbial respiration （MR） is vitally important to understand the interactions between belowground metabolism and land use change. In this study, cumulative MR was determined by alkali absorption method in 1, 3, 7, 14, 21,28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days from the soil in a representative plantations in the subtropical region of China. The treatment of plantations contained no plant （CK）, orange trees （Citrus reticulata）＋Bahia grass （Paspalum notatum） （GB）, orange trees （C. reticulata）＋Bahia grass （P. notatum）＋soybean （Giycine max （L.） Merrill） （GBH）. Results showed that plantation had significant effects on microbial respiration and the responses of microbial respiration to plantation from different soil layers and topographies were different： in 0-20 cm in uphill： GB〉GBH〉CK; in 20-40 cm in uphill： GBH〉CK〉GB; in 0-20 cm in downhill： GBH〉CK〉GB; in 20-40 cm in downhill： GB〉CK〉GBH. Furthermore, plantation also altered the relationships between MR and soil properties. In CK, microbial respiration was positively correlated with NH4＋ and soil total N, and negatively correlated with soil moisture, pH, NO3-, and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）. In GB, microbial respira- tion under GB significantly negatively correlated with dissolved organic carbon （DOC）. In GBH, microbial respiration under GBH was positively correlated with NH4＋, MBC, total soil carbon （TC）, and total soil nitrogen （TN）, and negatively correlated with soil moisture （SM）, pH, NO-, and DOC. The underlying mechanisms could be attributed to soil heterogeneity and the effects of plantation on soil properties. Our results also showed that plantation significantly increased soil C storage, which suggested plantation is a key measure to enhance soil C sequestration and mitigate global CO2 emission, especially for the soil with low initial soil carbon content or bared soil.展开更多
Blooms of the scyphozoan jellyfish <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aurelia aurita<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are greatly regulated by the survival rate of planktonic ephyrae....Blooms of the scyphozoan jellyfish <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aurelia aurita<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are greatly regulated by the survival rate of planktonic ephyrae. The ecophysiology of ephyrae is poorly studied compared with polyps and medusae. As extremely strong starvation resistance and recovery capability of <span style="font-family:Verdana;">A. aurita<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ephyrae may due to its low metabolic rate as well as starvation may reduce the swimming ability of ephyrae which may lead to the higher predation loss, the effects of temperature and starvation on their respiration and pulsation rates were examined. In this study, ephyrae under different starvation conditions were measured by a fluorescence-based DO meter after 72 h incubation. And the pulsation rates were measured at every 10-d interval in 1-liter plastic bottle by a hand-held counter. The results showed that the mean respiration rates of newly released ephyrae were 0.24, 0.24 and 0.19 μl O<sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ephyra<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> d<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at 15°C, 12°C and 9°C, respectively, and the rates tended to decrease with increasing starvation duration. Carbon weight-specific respiration rates did not change significantly with starvation duration. The dry weight-specific respiration rates of newly released <span style="font-family:Verdana;">A. aurita<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ephyrae (<span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.<span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 11.7<span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">-<span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">14.6 μl O<sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mg DW<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> d<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) were nearly one order of magnitude lower than the rates for planktonic larvae of other taxa (e.g., molluscs, crustaceans and fish). The maximum pulsation rate taken by <span style="font-family:Verdana;">A. aurita<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ephyrae was 49.2 beats min<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, which represents the maximum swimming velocity to be 8.87 cm·min<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The pulsation rates were not affected by temperature over the range between 9°C and 15°C. However, they were influenced by starvation duration. Starvation-derived decrease in pulsation together with associated body shrinkage may lead to lower encounter rate of prey and lower escaping ability from predators, which may lead to higher predation loss in the field.展开更多
Leaves are important‘source’organs that synthesize organic matter,providing carbon sources for plant growth.Here,we used Populus talassica×Populus euphratica,the dominant species in ecological and timber forest...Leaves are important‘source’organs that synthesize organic matter,providing carbon sources for plant growth.Here,we used Populus talassica×Populus euphratica,the dominant species in ecological and timber forests,to simulate carbon limitation through artificial 25%,50%,and 75%defoliation treatments and explore the effects on root,stem,and leaf morphology,biomass accumulation,and carbon allocation strategies.At the 60th d after treat-ment,under 25%defoliation treatment,the plant height,specific leaf weight,root surface area and volume,and concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in stem and root were significantly increased by 9.13%,20.00%,16.60%,31.95%,5.12%,and 9.34%,respectively,relative to the control.There was no significant change in the growth indicators under 50%defoliation treatment,but the concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in the leaf and stem significantly decreased,showing mostly a negative correlation between them.The opposite was observed in the root.Under 75%defoliation treatment,the plant height,ground diameter,leaf number,single leaf area,root,stem,and total biomass were significantly reduced by 14.15%,10.24%,14.86%,11.31%,11.56%,21.87%,and 16.82%,respectively,relative to the control.The concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in various organs were significantly reduced,particularly in the consumption of the starch concentrations in the stem and root.These results indicated that carbon allocation strategies can be adjusted to increase the con-centration of non-structural carbohydrates in root and meet plant growth needs under 25%and 50%defoliation.However,75%defoliation significantly limited the distribution of non-structural carbohydrates to roots and stems,reduced carbon storage,and thus inhibited plant growth.Defoliation-induced carbon limitation altered the carbon allocation pattern of P.talassica×P.euphratica,and the relationship between carbon reserves in roots and tree growth recovery after defoliation was greater.This study provides a theoretical basis for the comprehen-sive management of P.talassica×P.euphratica plantations,as well as a reference for the study of plantation car-bon allocation strategies in the desert and semi-desert regions of Xinjiang under carbon-limitation conditions.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to optimize the ISSR-PCR reaction system and select polymorphic ISSR primers for Olea euyopaea. [Method] O. euyo- paea genomic DNA was extracted from leaves as the template for optimizati...[ Objective] This study aimed to optimize the ISSR-PCR reaction system and select polymorphic ISSR primers for Olea euyopaea. [Method] O. euyo- paea genomic DNA was extracted from leaves as the template for optimization of ISSR-PCR reaction system by single-factor experiments on the main factors including Mg2＋ , dNTPs, primer concentration and template amount. [ Result ] The optimal ISSR-PCR reaction system for O. euyopaea was obtained, with a total system vol- ume of 20μl containing 1 × Taq buffer, 3.5 mmol/L Mg2＋ , 0.4 mmol/L dNTPs, 1.0 μmol/L primers, 1.0 U of Taq DNA polymerase and 20 ng of DNA tem- plate. The optimal ISSR-PCR reaction program was started with predenaturation at 94 ℃ for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles of denaturation at 94 ℃ for 30 s, annea- ling at 52 - 55 ℃ for 30 s, and extension at 72 ℃ for 2 min ; the amplification was completed by holding the reaction mixture at 72 ℃ for 10 min to allow complete extension of PCR products. PCR products were stored at 4 ℃. Based on the above conditions, 11 primers with high polymorphism, clear amplified bands and good repeatability were selected. [ Conclusion ] This study laid the foundation for further diversity research and species identification of O. euyopaea germplasm展开更多
[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Nardostachys jatamansi Herba.[Methods]The characters and microscopical identification of N.jatamansi Herba were carried out.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-inso...[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Nardostachys jatamansi Herba.[Methods]The characters and microscopical identification of N.jatamansi Herba were carried out.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were determined according to the relevant methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).Using chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid as quality control indexes,TLC and HPLC methods were established for qualitative and quantitative determination,and HPLC fingerprints were established.[Results]The characteristics of character identification,microscopic identification and thin layer identification were obvious.The moisture content ranged from 2.7%to 7.8%,with an average value of 5.4%.The total ash content ranged from 6.7%to 16.2%,with an average of 11.0%.The acid-insoluble ash content ranged from 0.7%to 8.5%,with an average of 3.6%.Extractives content ranged from 20.9%to 34.4%,with an average of 29.7%.Chlorogenic acid content was between 0.45%and 1.30%,with an average value of 0.77%.The content of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid ranged from 0.18%to 0.58%,with an average of 0.31%.The similarity of each batch was between 0.930 and 0.994,indicating that the quality of medicinal materials from different producing areas was stable.[Conclusions]The quality standard of N.jatamansi Herba was established,which could provide quality control basis for rational,comprehensive and efficient utilization of N.jatamansi DC.resources and clinical use.展开更多
Fungal endophytes,as an untapped resource of glycoside hydrolase biocatalysts,need to be further developed.Mogroside V,the primary active compound in Siraitia grosvenorii fruit,can be converted into other various bioa...Fungal endophytes,as an untapped resource of glycoside hydrolase biocatalysts,need to be further developed.Mogroside V,the primary active compound in Siraitia grosvenorii fruit,can be converted into other various bioactive mogrosides by selective hydrolysis of glucose residues at C3 and C24 positions.In present study,20 fungal strains were randomly selected from our endophytic fungal strain library to assess their capability for mogroside V transformation.The results revealed that relatively high rate(30%)endophytic fungal strains exhibited transformative potential.Further analysis indicated that endophytic fungi could produce abundant mogrosides,and the pathways for biotransforming mogroside V showed diverse.Among the given fungal endophytes,Aspergillus sp.S125 almost completely converted mogroside V into the end-products mogroside II A and aglycone within just 2 days of fermentation;Muyocopron sp.A5 produced rich intermediate products,including siamenoside I,and the end-product mogroside II E.Subsequently,we optimized the fermentation conditions for Aspergillus sp.S125 and Muyocopron sp.A5 to evaluate the feasibility of large-scale mogroside V conversion.After optimization,Aspergillus sp.S125 converted 10 g/L of mogroside V into 4.5 g/L of mogroside II A and 3.6 g/L of aglycone after 3 days of fermentation,whereas Muyocopron sp.A5 selectively produced 4.88 g/L of siamenoside I from 7.5 g/L of mogroside V after 36 h of fermentation.This study not only identifies highly effective biocatalytic candidates for mogrosides transformation,but also strongly suggests the potential of plant endophytic fungi as valuable resources for the biocatalysis of natural compounds.展开更多
Ferroptosis can serve as a potent strategy for regulating cell death via lipid peroxidation and the imbalance of the antioxidant system resulting from iron accumulation in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)therapy.Ho...Ferroptosis can serve as a potent strategy for regulating cell death via lipid peroxidation and the imbalance of the antioxidant system resulting from iron accumulation in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)therapy.However,the ferroptosis accompanied with down-regulation of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)lead to CD36-mediated tumor-infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells uptaking fatty acids,resulting in the negative action on immunotherapeutic efficacy.Herein,the albumin nanoparticles,abbreviated as LHS NPs,were designed by co-assembly of hemin,linoleic acid-cystamine,and a CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimide oleate,to bi-directionally manipulated ferroptosis in tumor and CD8^(+)T cells for TNBC therapy.LHS NPs exerted more efficient reactive oxygen species generation,glutathione depletion and malondialdehyde production by the combinatory strategy of classical and non-classical ferroptosis modes,which amplified the positive action on ferroptosis in tumor cells.Meanwhile,LHS manipulated the negative action of ferroptosis by inhibiting the CD36 mediated-lipid peroxidation in CD8^(+)T cells,thereby activating the immunotherapeutic efficacy with the improvements on induction of immunogenic cell death,proliferation of CD4+CD8^(+)T cells and natural killer cells,alleviation immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,and repolarization of the M2-to M1-phenotype tumor-associated macrophages.Thus,LHS NPs demonstrated an improved antitumor efficacy in suppressing the tumor growth and lungmetastasis of 4T1-tumormice.Our work gives novel insights for the bi-directionally manipulating ferroptosis in tumor and CD8^(+)T cells on TNBC chemoimmunotherapy.展开更多
[Objectives]To preliminarily investigate the morphological identification and content determination of mango seeds utilized in Tibetan medicine,thereby providing foundational data to support the further refinement of ...[Objectives]To preliminarily investigate the morphological identification and content determination of mango seeds utilized in Tibetan medicine,thereby providing foundational data to support the further refinement of quality standards for mango seeds.[Methods]Powder microscopic examination,thin-layer chromatography(TLC),and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were employed to identify mango seeds sourced from various regions in Sichuan Province.In accordance with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume IV),the extract content,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,and moisture content of the mango seeds were quantitatively determined.[Results]The morphological and powder microscopic characteristics of mango seeds in Tibetan medicine were described in detail.The methanol extract was qualitatively identified using TLC,and the content of gallic acid in the medicinal samples was determined by HPLC.The total ash content of mango seeds ranged from 1.82%to 2.73%,while the acid-insoluble ash content varied between 0.08%and 0.55%.The extract content ranged from 12.16%to 24.06%,and the moisture content was between 6.75%and 8.98%.[Conclusions]Specifications for mango seeds in Tibetan medicine have been established,indicating that the total ash content should not exceed 4.0%,the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 2%,the content of dilute ethanol extract should be no less than 15.0%,the moisture content should not exceed 12.0%,and the gallic acid content should be at least 1%.These parameters serve as a foundation for the development of quality standards for mango seeds in Tibetan medicine.展开更多
Heavy metal(HM) contamination in soils is an environmental issue worldwide that threatens the quality and safety of crops and human health. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the growth, mycorrhiza...Heavy metal(HM) contamination in soils is an environmental issue worldwide that threatens the quality and safety of crops and human health. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the growth, mycorrhizal colonization, and Pb and Cd accumulation of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L. cv. Suzhou) in response to inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi(AMF), Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus versiforme, and Rhizophagus intraradices, aimed at exploring how AMF inoculation affected safe crop production by altering plant-soil interaction. The symbiotic relationship was well established between pakchoi and three AMF inocula even under Pb or Cd stress, where the colonization rates in the roots ranged from 24.5% to 38.5%. Compared with the non-inoculated plants, the shoot biomass of the inoculated plants increased by 8.7%–22.1% and 9.2%–24.3% in Pb and Cd addition treatments, respectively. Both glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP) and polyphosphate concentrations reduced as Pb or Cd concentration increased. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation significantly enhanced total absorbed Pb and Cd(except for a few samples) and increased the distribution ratio(root/shoot) in pakchoi at each Pb or Cd addition level. However, the three inocula significantly decreased Pb concentration in pakchoi shoots by 20.6%–67.5% in Pb addition treatments, and significantly reduced Cd concentration in the shoots of pakchoi in the Cd addition treatments(14.3%–54.1%), compared to the non-inoculated plants.Concentrations of Pb and Cd in the shoots of inoculated pakchois were all below the allowable limits of Chinese Food Safety Standard.The translocation factor of Pb or Cd increased significantly with increasing Pb or Cd addition levels, while there was no significant difference among the three AMF inocula at each metal addition level. Meanwhile, compared with the non-inoculated plants, AMF inocula significantly increased soil p H, electrical conductivity, and Pb or Cd concentrations in soil organic matter in the soils at the highest Pb or Cd dose after harvest of pakchoi, whereas the proportion of bioavailable Pb or Cd fraction declined in the AMF inoculated soil. Our study provided the first evidence that AM fungi colonized the roots of pakchoi and indicated the potential application of AMF in the safe production of vegetables in Pb or Cd contaminated soils.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRM0752,22JR5RA345,21JR1RM333)the Project of Science and Technology Specialist in Gansu Province(24CXGM002)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860148)the Research Fund Project for PhD of Longdong University(XYBYZK2208)the Natural Science Foundation of Longdong University(HXZK2488).
文摘Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil contamination.Understanding how microbial communities respond to varying pollution levels is critical for developing effective bioremediation strategies.This study examined how different concentrations of crude oil affect soil properties and microbial communities in Qingyang City,eastern Gansu Province,China by comparing lightly polluted(1895.84-2696.54 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)),heavily polluted(4964.25-7153.61 mg/kg TPH),and uncontaminated(CK)soils.Results revealed that petroleum contamination significantly increased total organic carbon(TOC),pH,C:N:P ratio,and the activities of dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),while reducing total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM),soil water content(SWC),the activities of urease(URE)and alkaline phosphatase(APA),and microbial alpha diversity(P<0.050).Light pollution(LP)soils demonstrated an increase in culturable microorganisms,whereas heavy pollution(HP)soils exhibited increased hydrocarbon-degrading microbes and higher expression of key functional genes,such as alkane monooxygenase(AlkB),cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylases(P450),catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C23O),and naphthalene dioxygenase(Nah)(P<0.050).Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated evident variations in microbial community structure across different oil contamination levels.LP soils were dominated by bacterial genera Pseudoxanthomonas and Solimonadaceae,whereas Pseudomonas,Nocardioides,and hydrocarbon-degrading genera(Marinobacter,Idiomarina,and Halomonas)were predominant in HP soils.The fungal genus Pseudallescheria exhibited the most pronounced abundance shift between LP and HP soils(P<0.050).Environmental factor analysis identified AN,SWC,TN,SOM,and alpha diversity indices(Shannon index and Chao1 index)as the key differentiators of CK soils,whereas the pollutant levels and metal content were characterized in HP soils.Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial abundance was a defining trait of HP soils.Metabolic pathway analysis revealed enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in HP soils,indicating microbial adaptation to severe contamination.These findings demonstrated that crude oil pollution suppressed soil nutrients while reshaping the structure and function of microbial communities.Pollution intensity directly affected microbial composition and degradation potential.This study offers valuable insights into microbial responses across contamination gradients and supports the development of targeted bioremediation strategies for oil-contaminated loess soils.
基金supported by the Foundation of Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong (LDSWZY202103)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (22JR5RM210)to B.P.L.Gansu Ziwuling Ecosystem Observation and Research Station (20JR10RA658)。
文摘Avian genomes exhibit compact organization and remarkable chromosomal stability.However,the extent and mechanisms by which structural variation in avian genomes differ from those in other vertebrate lineages are poorly explored.This study generated a diploid genome assembly for the golden pheasant(Chrysolophus pictus),a species distinguished by the vibrant plumage of males.Each haploid genome assembly included complete chromosomalmodels,incorporatingall microchromosomes.Analysis revealed extensive tandem amplification of immune-related genes across the smallest microchromosomes(dot chromosomes),with an average copy number of 54.Structural variation between the haploid genomes was primarily shaped by large insertions and deletions(indels),with minimal contributions from inversions or duplications.Approximately 28%of these large indels were associated with recent insertions of transposable elements,despite their typically low activity in bird genomes.Evidence for significant effects of transposable elements on gene expression was minimal.Evolutionary strata on the sex chromosomes were identified,along with a drastic rearrangement of the W chromosome.These analyses of the high-quality diploid genome of the golden pheasant provide valuable insights into the evolutionary patterns of structural variation in avian genomes.
基金supported by the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2012 CM037)the Shandong Provincial Agriculture Thorough-bred Projectthe Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(No.YCBZ2015007)
文摘Sinonovacula constricta is one of the important economic aquaculture species in China. In this study, we constructed genetic linkage maps of S. constricta based on 300 microsatellite markers derived from RAD-seq using an F1 full-sib family. The female map contained 204 microsatellites assigned to 22 linkage groups, which covered 1529.5 cM with an average interval of 10.3 cM. The male consisted of 187 microsatellites in 19 linkage groups corresponding to the haploid chromosome number(n(28)19), which spanned 1429.3 cM with an average interval of 8.7 cM. The genome coverage was approximately 83.5% and 81.4%, respectively. An integrated map was constructed according to the common markers in parental linkage groups, which had a total length of 1683.8 cM with an average interval of 7.3 cM. The genome coverage of the integrated map was approximately 86.3%. The genetic linkage map would form the foundation for further studies on the quantitative trait loci(QTL), as well as accelerating the breeding process of this species.
文摘Murraya paniculata(L.),a well-known medical plant,has widely been used to treat inflammation,stomach ache,internal and external injuries,and for other purposes.In this study,we determined the reducing,lipid peroxidation inhibition,1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil radical(DPPH•)scavenging,superoxide anion radical(O2−•)scavenging,hydroxyl radical(HO•)scavenging and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)scavenging activities of the methanolic extract of M.paniculata(MPE)by UV–vis spectrophotometer.The results showed that M.paniculata was rich in flavonoids(375 mg RE/g of extract).Reducing,lipid peroxidation inhibition and HO•scavenging activities of the extract were 0.26 mg/mL,0.023 mg/mL and 0.302 mg/mL,respectively,these activities were significantly higher than those of trolox.Other antioxidative behavior indicators,i.e.,DPPH•scavenging,O2−•scavenging and H2O2 scavenging activities of MPE were 0.93 mg/mL,0.581 mg/mL and 0.47 mg/mL,respectively,and were comparable to those exhibited by trolox.These results indicate that the methanolic extract of M.paniculata exhibited strong antioxidative and radical scavenging activities.
基金funded by the Scientific Project of Gansu Province,China(20JR5RA548)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860148)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(21JR1RM333)the Doctoral Program of Longdong University,China(XYBY1909)。
文摘The Loess Plateau,located in Gansu Province,is an important energy base in China because most of the oil and gas resources are distributed in Gansu Province.In the last 40 a,ecological environment in this region has been extremely destroyed due to the over-exploitation of crude-oil resources.Remediation of crude-oil contaminated soil in this area remains to be a challenging task.In this study,in order to elucidate the effects of organic compost and biochar on phytoremediation of crude-oil contaminated soil(20 g/kg)by Calendula officinalis,we designed five treatments,i.e.,natural attenuation(CK),planted C.officinalis only(P),planted C.officinalis with biochar amendment(PB),planted C.officinalis with organic compost amendment(PC),and planted C.officinalis with co-amendment of biochar and organic compost(PBC).After 152 d of cultivation,total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)removal rates of CK,P,PB,PC and PBC were 6.36%,50.08%,39.58%,73.10%and 59.87%,respectively.Shoot and root dry weights of C.officinalis significantly increased by 172.31%and 80.96%under PC and 311.61%and 145.43%under PBC,respectively as compared with P(P<0.05).Total chlorophyll contents in leaves of C.officinalis under P,PC and PBC significantly increased by 77.36%,125.50%and 79.80%,respectively(P<0.05)as compared with PB.Physical-chemical characteristics and enzymatic activity of soil in different treatments were also assessed.The highest total N,total P,available N,available P and SOM(soil organic matter)occurred in PC,followed by PBC(P<0.05).C.officinalis rhizospheric soil dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activities in PB were lower than those of other treatments(P<0.05).The values of ACE(abundance-based coverage estimators)and Chao 1 indices for rhizospheric bacteria were the highest under PC followed by PBC,P,PB and CK(P<0.05).However,the Shannon index for bacteria was the highest under PC and PBC,followed by P,PB and CK(P<0.05).In terms of soil microbial community composition,Proteiniphilum,Immundisolibacteraceae and Solimonadaceae were relatively more abundant under PC and PBC.Relative abundances of Pseudallescheria,Ochroconis,Fusarium,Sarocladium,Podospora,Apodus,Pyrenochaetopsis and Schizothecium under PC and PBC were higher,while relative abundances of Gliomastix,Aspergillus and Alternaria were lower under PC and PBC.As per the nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)analysis,application of organic compost significantly promoted soil N and P contents,shoot length,root vitality,chlorophyll ratio,total chlorophyll,abundance and diversity of rhizospheric soil microbial community in C.officinalis.A high p H value and lower soil N and P contents induced by biochar,altered C.officinalis rhizospheric soil microbial community composition,which might have restrained its phytoremediation efficiency.The results suggest that organic compost-assisted C.officinalis phytoremediation for crude-oil contaminated soil was highly effective in the Loess Plateau,China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21367011,21467008)the Open Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources(Hainan University),Ministry of Education,China(No.2013hckled-1)+1 种基金Midwest University Project(Nos.MWECSP-RT08,ZXBJH-XK004 and ZXBJH-XK005)the Natural Science Fund Program of Hainan Province(No.413123)
文摘Adsorption and desorption are important processes that affect atrazine transport,transformation,and bioavailability in soils.In this study,the adsorption–desorption characteristics of atrazine in three soils（laterite,paddy soil and alluvial soil） were evaluated using the batch equilibrium method.The results showed that the kinetics of atrazine in soils was completed in two steps：a＂fast＂ adsorption and a ＂slow＂ adsorption and could be well described by pseudo-second-order model.In addition,the adsorption equilibrium isotherms were nonlinear and were well fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir models.It was found that the adsorption data on laterite,and paddy soil were better fitted by the Freundlich model;as for alluvial soil,the Langmuir model described it better.The maximum atrazine sorption capacities ranked as follows：paddy soil 〉 alluvial soil 〉 laterite.Results of thermodynamic calculations indicated that atrazine adsorption on three tested soils was spontaneous and endothermic.The desorption data showed that negative hysteresis occurred.Furthermore,lower solution pH value was conducive to the adsorption of atrazine in soils.The atrazine adsorption in these three tested soils was controlled by physical adsorption,including partition and surface adsorption.At lower equilibrium concentration,the atrazine adsorption process in soils was dominated by surface adsorption;while with the increase of equilibrium concentration,partition was predominant.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(30060007)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB723204)the National Programs for Science and Technology Development of China(2013BAC10B01)
文摘The aims of this study were to explore the interspecific differences of Populus euphratica Oliv.and Populus pruinosa Schrenk populations and the intraspecific differences of males and females within the same species in flowering phenological traits,and the effects of temperatures on flowering phenological traits in different growth years(2001–2003 and 2013–2015).The results showed that P.euphratica population flowered earlier than P.pruinosa population.Moreover,flowering phenological period of population,number of days of flowering phenological period per population,number of days of flowering phenological period per plant and average number of days of flowering period per plant of P.euphratica population were less than those of P.pruinosa population.The differences between male and female within the same species indicated that the flowering periods of males P.euphratica and P.pruinosa populations were earlier than those of female plants.For both species,flowering phenological traits were significantly and negatively correlated with the average temperatures in previous ten days,previous one month and previous three months of flowering.Both species are sensitive to temperature changes and adjust to the changes by advancing the start of flowering and prolonging the duration of flowering.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1803231,31860198,31060026)the Innovative Team Building Plan for Key Areas of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2018CB003).
文摘Leaf traits can directly reflect the adaptation strategies of plants to the environment.However,there is limited knowledge on the adaptation strategies of heteromorphic leaves of male and female Populus euphratica Oliv.in response to individual developmental stages(i.e.,diameter class)and canopy height changes.In this study,morphological and physiological properties of heteromorphic leaves of male and female P.euphratica were investigated.Results showed that both male and female P.euphratica exhibited increased leaf area(LA),leaf dry weight(LDW),leaf thickness(LT),net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(g_(s)),proline(Pro),and malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration,decreased leaf shape index(LI)and specific leaf area(SLA)with increasing diameter and canopy height.Leaf water potential(LWP)increased with increasing diameter,LWP decreased significantly with increasing canopy height in both sexes,and carbon isotope fraction(δ^(13)C)increased significantly with canopy height in both sexes,all of which showed obvious resistance characteristics.However,males showed greater LA,LT,P_(n),T_(r),and Pro than females at the same canopy height,and males showed significantly higher LA,SLA,LT,P_(n),T_(r),g_(s),and MDA,but lower LWP and δ_(1)3C than females at the same canopy height,suggesting that male P.euphratica have stronger photosynthetic and osmoregulatory abilities,and are sensitive to water deficiency.Moreover,difference between male and female P.euphratica is closely related to the increase in individual diameter class and canopy height.In summary,male plants showed higher stress tolerance than female plants,and differences in P_(n),g_(s),T_(r),Pro,MDA,δ_(13)C,and LWP between females and males were related to changes in leaf morphology,diameter class,and canopy height.The results of this study provide a theory for the differences in growth adaptation strategies during individual development of P.euphratica.
基金funded by the Open Project of Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basinthe National Nature Science Foundation of China (grant numbers:BRZD2104 and 31960648)the Joint Plan of Liaoning Province in the field of Livelihood Science and Technology (Rural Revitalization Science and Technology Support)。
文摘Background Geese are among the most important poultry species in the world.The current generally accepted hypothesis is that the European domestic geese originated from greylag geese(Anser anser),and Chinese domestic geese have two origins,most of which originated from swan geese(Anser cygnoides),and the Yili goose originated from greylag geese.To explain the origin and demographic history of geese,we selected 14 goose breeds from Europe and China and wild populations of swan and greylag geese,and whole genome sequencing data were obtained for 74 samples.Results Population structure analysis and phylogenetic trees showed that the wild ancestor of Chinese domestic geese,except for Yili,is the swan geese,and the wild ancestor of Chinese Yili and European domestic geese is greylag geese.Analysis of the demographic history suggests that the domestication of Chinese geese occurred~3499 years ago and that of the European geese occurred~7552 years ago.Furthermore,gene flow was observed between domestic geese and their wild ancestors.Analysis of introgression showed that Yili geese had been introgressed by Chinese domestic geese,and the body size of Yili geese may be influenced by introgression events of some growthrelated genes,including IGF-1.Conclusions Our study provides evidence for the origin of geese at the genome-wide level and advances the understanding of the history of goose domestication and the traits affected by introgression events.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No30672618)Major National S&T Program of China(No2009ZX09502-026)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No201104073)
文摘A novel capillary electrophoresis method for simultaneous determination of Cu and Pb has been developed in this paper.Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions were reacted with ABEDTA to form complex to achieve an ideal sensitivity of heavy metal complexes.The digestion solution of Rhizoma coptidis drug sample was purified by neutral Al_2O_3 column chromatography and the chromatographic behavior of metal-L complexes was investigated.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5-60μg/mL for Cu^（2＋） and 5-25μg/mL for Pb^（2＋） with the correlation coefficients 0.9970 and 0.9972 for each（n = 5）.The average recoveries were 86.2%for Pb and 90.1%for Cu,while the relative standard deviations were 5.1%and 3.6%respectively.The method was successfully applied to determine Cu and Pb in R.coptidis drug samples.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30672618)Major National S&T Program of China (No.2009ZX09502-026)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.201104073)
文摘A new method for the analysis of copper and its speciation in Rhizoma coptidis was proposed using chelatometric dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction（cDLLME） followed by capillary electrophoresis. Dithizone was used as a chelating agent for extraction and carbon tetrachloride and ethanol were used as extraction and dispersive solvent,respectively.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5- 20.0μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9990（n = 6） and the average recovery was in the range of 88.26%-94.44%.The method was successfully used to determine the total and water soluble copper in Rhizoma coptidis herbal medicine.The results suggested that it would be reasonable to setting the criterion of heavy metals in an herbal medicine according to the dosage forms.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360136, 31560168)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M541080, 2014T70139)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, China (PK2014009)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, China (20151BAB204007)the Open Foundation of Jiangxi Province Key Lab of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources, China
文摘Assessing the impact of plantation on microbial respiration （MR） is vitally important to understand the interactions between belowground metabolism and land use change. In this study, cumulative MR was determined by alkali absorption method in 1, 3, 7, 14, 21,28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days from the soil in a representative plantations in the subtropical region of China. The treatment of plantations contained no plant （CK）, orange trees （Citrus reticulata）＋Bahia grass （Paspalum notatum） （GB）, orange trees （C. reticulata）＋Bahia grass （P. notatum）＋soybean （Giycine max （L.） Merrill） （GBH）. Results showed that plantation had significant effects on microbial respiration and the responses of microbial respiration to plantation from different soil layers and topographies were different： in 0-20 cm in uphill： GB〉GBH〉CK; in 20-40 cm in uphill： GBH〉CK〉GB; in 0-20 cm in downhill： GBH〉CK〉GB; in 20-40 cm in downhill： GB〉CK〉GBH. Furthermore, plantation also altered the relationships between MR and soil properties. In CK, microbial respiration was positively correlated with NH4＋ and soil total N, and negatively correlated with soil moisture, pH, NO3-, and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）. In GB, microbial respira- tion under GB significantly negatively correlated with dissolved organic carbon （DOC）. In GBH, microbial respiration under GBH was positively correlated with NH4＋, MBC, total soil carbon （TC）, and total soil nitrogen （TN）, and negatively correlated with soil moisture （SM）, pH, NO-, and DOC. The underlying mechanisms could be attributed to soil heterogeneity and the effects of plantation on soil properties. Our results also showed that plantation significantly increased soil C storage, which suggested plantation is a key measure to enhance soil C sequestration and mitigate global CO2 emission, especially for the soil with low initial soil carbon content or bared soil.
文摘Blooms of the scyphozoan jellyfish <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aurelia aurita<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are greatly regulated by the survival rate of planktonic ephyrae. The ecophysiology of ephyrae is poorly studied compared with polyps and medusae. As extremely strong starvation resistance and recovery capability of <span style="font-family:Verdana;">A. aurita<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ephyrae may due to its low metabolic rate as well as starvation may reduce the swimming ability of ephyrae which may lead to the higher predation loss, the effects of temperature and starvation on their respiration and pulsation rates were examined. In this study, ephyrae under different starvation conditions were measured by a fluorescence-based DO meter after 72 h incubation. And the pulsation rates were measured at every 10-d interval in 1-liter plastic bottle by a hand-held counter. The results showed that the mean respiration rates of newly released ephyrae were 0.24, 0.24 and 0.19 μl O<sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ephyra<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> d<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at 15°C, 12°C and 9°C, respectively, and the rates tended to decrease with increasing starvation duration. Carbon weight-specific respiration rates did not change significantly with starvation duration. The dry weight-specific respiration rates of newly released <span style="font-family:Verdana;">A. aurita<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ephyrae (<span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.<span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 11.7<span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">-<span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">14.6 μl O<sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mg DW<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> d<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) were nearly one order of magnitude lower than the rates for planktonic larvae of other taxa (e.g., molluscs, crustaceans and fish). The maximum pulsation rate taken by <span style="font-family:Verdana;">A. aurita<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ephyrae was 49.2 beats min<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, which represents the maximum swimming velocity to be 8.87 cm·min<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The pulsation rates were not affected by temperature over the range between 9°C and 15°C. However, they were influenced by starvation duration. Starvation-derived decrease in pulsation together with associated body shrinkage may lead to lower encounter rate of prey and lower escaping ability from predators, which may lead to higher predation loss in the field.
基金funded by the Talents ans its Youth Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(38000020924,380000358).
文摘Leaves are important‘source’organs that synthesize organic matter,providing carbon sources for plant growth.Here,we used Populus talassica×Populus euphratica,the dominant species in ecological and timber forests,to simulate carbon limitation through artificial 25%,50%,and 75%defoliation treatments and explore the effects on root,stem,and leaf morphology,biomass accumulation,and carbon allocation strategies.At the 60th d after treat-ment,under 25%defoliation treatment,the plant height,specific leaf weight,root surface area and volume,and concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in stem and root were significantly increased by 9.13%,20.00%,16.60%,31.95%,5.12%,and 9.34%,respectively,relative to the control.There was no significant change in the growth indicators under 50%defoliation treatment,but the concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in the leaf and stem significantly decreased,showing mostly a negative correlation between them.The opposite was observed in the root.Under 75%defoliation treatment,the plant height,ground diameter,leaf number,single leaf area,root,stem,and total biomass were significantly reduced by 14.15%,10.24%,14.86%,11.31%,11.56%,21.87%,and 16.82%,respectively,relative to the control.The concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in various organs were significantly reduced,particularly in the consumption of the starch concentrations in the stem and root.These results indicated that carbon allocation strategies can be adjusted to increase the con-centration of non-structural carbohydrates in root and meet plant growth needs under 25%and 50%defoliation.However,75%defoliation significantly limited the distribution of non-structural carbohydrates to roots and stems,reduced carbon storage,and thus inhibited plant growth.Defoliation-induced carbon limitation altered the carbon allocation pattern of P.talassica×P.euphratica,and the relationship between carbon reserves in roots and tree growth recovery after defoliation was greater.This study provides a theoretical basis for the comprehen-sive management of P.talassica×P.euphratica plantations,as well as a reference for the study of plantation car-bon allocation strategies in the desert and semi-desert regions of Xinjiang under carbon-limitation conditions.
基金Supported by Project of Important New Product Development in Yunnan Province ( 2009BB006)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to optimize the ISSR-PCR reaction system and select polymorphic ISSR primers for Olea euyopaea. [Method] O. euyo- paea genomic DNA was extracted from leaves as the template for optimization of ISSR-PCR reaction system by single-factor experiments on the main factors including Mg2＋ , dNTPs, primer concentration and template amount. [ Result ] The optimal ISSR-PCR reaction system for O. euyopaea was obtained, with a total system vol- ume of 20μl containing 1 × Taq buffer, 3.5 mmol/L Mg2＋ , 0.4 mmol/L dNTPs, 1.0 μmol/L primers, 1.0 U of Taq DNA polymerase and 20 ng of DNA tem- plate. The optimal ISSR-PCR reaction program was started with predenaturation at 94 ℃ for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles of denaturation at 94 ℃ for 30 s, annea- ling at 52 - 55 ℃ for 30 s, and extension at 72 ℃ for 2 min ; the amplification was completed by holding the reaction mixture at 72 ℃ for 10 min to allow complete extension of PCR products. PCR products were stored at 4 ℃. Based on the above conditions, 11 primers with high polymorphism, clear amplified bands and good repeatability were selected. [ Conclusion ] This study laid the foundation for further diversity research and species identification of O. euyopaea germplasm
基金Supported by National Key R&D Plan Project(2018YFC1708005)Application Foundation Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20YYJC3299)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Central Universities of Southwest Minzu University(2020NGD01).
文摘[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Nardostachys jatamansi Herba.[Methods]The characters and microscopical identification of N.jatamansi Herba were carried out.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were determined according to the relevant methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).Using chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid as quality control indexes,TLC and HPLC methods were established for qualitative and quantitative determination,and HPLC fingerprints were established.[Results]The characteristics of character identification,microscopic identification and thin layer identification were obvious.The moisture content ranged from 2.7%to 7.8%,with an average value of 5.4%.The total ash content ranged from 6.7%to 16.2%,with an average of 11.0%.The acid-insoluble ash content ranged from 0.7%to 8.5%,with an average of 3.6%.Extractives content ranged from 20.9%to 34.4%,with an average of 29.7%.Chlorogenic acid content was between 0.45%and 1.30%,with an average value of 0.77%.The content of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid ranged from 0.18%to 0.58%,with an average of 0.31%.The similarity of each batch was between 0.930 and 0.994,indicating that the quality of medicinal materials from different producing areas was stable.[Conclusions]The quality standard of N.jatamansi Herba was established,which could provide quality control basis for rational,comprehensive and efficient utilization of N.jatamansi DC.resources and clinical use.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2101303)by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China(20212BAB215006,20224BAB215023,20232BAB205008)by the Foundation of Jiangxi Educational Committee(GJJ2201346,GJJ2201319).
文摘Fungal endophytes,as an untapped resource of glycoside hydrolase biocatalysts,need to be further developed.Mogroside V,the primary active compound in Siraitia grosvenorii fruit,can be converted into other various bioactive mogrosides by selective hydrolysis of glucose residues at C3 and C24 positions.In present study,20 fungal strains were randomly selected from our endophytic fungal strain library to assess their capability for mogroside V transformation.The results revealed that relatively high rate(30%)endophytic fungal strains exhibited transformative potential.Further analysis indicated that endophytic fungi could produce abundant mogrosides,and the pathways for biotransforming mogroside V showed diverse.Among the given fungal endophytes,Aspergillus sp.S125 almost completely converted mogroside V into the end-products mogroside II A and aglycone within just 2 days of fermentation;Muyocopron sp.A5 produced rich intermediate products,including siamenoside I,and the end-product mogroside II E.Subsequently,we optimized the fermentation conditions for Aspergillus sp.S125 and Muyocopron sp.A5 to evaluate the feasibility of large-scale mogroside V conversion.After optimization,Aspergillus sp.S125 converted 10 g/L of mogroside V into 4.5 g/L of mogroside II A and 3.6 g/L of aglycone after 3 days of fermentation,whereas Muyocopron sp.A5 selectively produced 4.88 g/L of siamenoside I from 7.5 g/L of mogroside V after 36 h of fermentation.This study not only identifies highly effective biocatalytic candidates for mogrosides transformation,but also strongly suggests the potential of plant endophytic fungi as valuable resources for the biocatalysis of natural compounds.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NO.82260699)the Science and Technology Leading Talents of Ningxia(NO.2022GKLRLX011)the West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(the Science and Technology Department of Ningxia,Department of Science and Technology Cooperation[2021]NO.2).
文摘Ferroptosis can serve as a potent strategy for regulating cell death via lipid peroxidation and the imbalance of the antioxidant system resulting from iron accumulation in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)therapy.However,the ferroptosis accompanied with down-regulation of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)lead to CD36-mediated tumor-infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells uptaking fatty acids,resulting in the negative action on immunotherapeutic efficacy.Herein,the albumin nanoparticles,abbreviated as LHS NPs,were designed by co-assembly of hemin,linoleic acid-cystamine,and a CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimide oleate,to bi-directionally manipulated ferroptosis in tumor and CD8^(+)T cells for TNBC therapy.LHS NPs exerted more efficient reactive oxygen species generation,glutathione depletion and malondialdehyde production by the combinatory strategy of classical and non-classical ferroptosis modes,which amplified the positive action on ferroptosis in tumor cells.Meanwhile,LHS manipulated the negative action of ferroptosis by inhibiting the CD36 mediated-lipid peroxidation in CD8^(+)T cells,thereby activating the immunotherapeutic efficacy with the improvements on induction of immunogenic cell death,proliferation of CD4+CD8^(+)T cells and natural killer cells,alleviation immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,and repolarization of the M2-to M1-phenotype tumor-associated macrophages.Thus,LHS NPs demonstrated an improved antitumor efficacy in suppressing the tumor growth and lungmetastasis of 4T1-tumormice.Our work gives novel insights for the bi-directionally manipulating ferroptosis in tumor and CD8^(+)T cells on TNBC chemoimmunotherapy.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program Project of Sichuan Province(2024YFFK0190)Special Fund of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYN2025257).
文摘[Objectives]To preliminarily investigate the morphological identification and content determination of mango seeds utilized in Tibetan medicine,thereby providing foundational data to support the further refinement of quality standards for mango seeds.[Methods]Powder microscopic examination,thin-layer chromatography(TLC),and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were employed to identify mango seeds sourced from various regions in Sichuan Province.In accordance with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume IV),the extract content,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,and moisture content of the mango seeds were quantitatively determined.[Results]The morphological and powder microscopic characteristics of mango seeds in Tibetan medicine were described in detail.The methanol extract was qualitatively identified using TLC,and the content of gallic acid in the medicinal samples was determined by HPLC.The total ash content of mango seeds ranged from 1.82%to 2.73%,while the acid-insoluble ash content varied between 0.08%and 0.55%.The extract content ranged from 12.16%to 24.06%,and the moisture content was between 6.75%and 8.98%.[Conclusions]Specifications for mango seeds in Tibetan medicine have been established,indicating that the total ash content should not exceed 4.0%,the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 2%,the content of dilute ethanol extract should be no less than 15.0%,the moisture content should not exceed 12.0%,and the gallic acid content should be at least 1%.These parameters serve as a foundation for the development of quality standards for mango seeds in Tibetan medicine.
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of China as an industry special project (No.200903015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41001047)
文摘Heavy metal(HM) contamination in soils is an environmental issue worldwide that threatens the quality and safety of crops and human health. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the growth, mycorrhizal colonization, and Pb and Cd accumulation of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L. cv. Suzhou) in response to inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi(AMF), Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus versiforme, and Rhizophagus intraradices, aimed at exploring how AMF inoculation affected safe crop production by altering plant-soil interaction. The symbiotic relationship was well established between pakchoi and three AMF inocula even under Pb or Cd stress, where the colonization rates in the roots ranged from 24.5% to 38.5%. Compared with the non-inoculated plants, the shoot biomass of the inoculated plants increased by 8.7%–22.1% and 9.2%–24.3% in Pb and Cd addition treatments, respectively. Both glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP) and polyphosphate concentrations reduced as Pb or Cd concentration increased. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation significantly enhanced total absorbed Pb and Cd(except for a few samples) and increased the distribution ratio(root/shoot) in pakchoi at each Pb or Cd addition level. However, the three inocula significantly decreased Pb concentration in pakchoi shoots by 20.6%–67.5% in Pb addition treatments, and significantly reduced Cd concentration in the shoots of pakchoi in the Cd addition treatments(14.3%–54.1%), compared to the non-inoculated plants.Concentrations of Pb and Cd in the shoots of inoculated pakchois were all below the allowable limits of Chinese Food Safety Standard.The translocation factor of Pb or Cd increased significantly with increasing Pb or Cd addition levels, while there was no significant difference among the three AMF inocula at each metal addition level. Meanwhile, compared with the non-inoculated plants, AMF inocula significantly increased soil p H, electrical conductivity, and Pb or Cd concentrations in soil organic matter in the soils at the highest Pb or Cd dose after harvest of pakchoi, whereas the proportion of bioavailable Pb or Cd fraction declined in the AMF inoculated soil. Our study provided the first evidence that AM fungi colonized the roots of pakchoi and indicated the potential application of AMF in the safe production of vegetables in Pb or Cd contaminated soils.
