Dietary supplementation with plant-derivedα-linolenic acid(ALA)has the potential to alleviate the insufficient intake of global n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 LCPUFAs),but faces the bottleneck of high...Dietary supplementation with plant-derivedα-linolenic acid(ALA)has the potential to alleviate the insufficient intake of global n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 LCPUFAs),but faces the bottleneck of highβ-oxidation consumption,oxidative susceptibility,and low conversion efficiency.The current study investigated how flax lignans with different degrees of polymerization and glycosylation affect the conversion of ALA to n-3 LCPUFAs in mice over 35 days of administering sunflower phospholipid-stabilized flaxseed oil nanoemulsions.Results showed that flax lignan macromolecules(FLM)increased hepatic protein expression of elongase of very long chain fatty acid 5(Elovl5,24.2%)and fatty acid desaturase 2(Fads2,44.7%),thereby positively regulating ALA conversion pathways and raising serum eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)levels(52.7%)via liver lipid re-efflux.Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)enhanced ALA desaturation by upregulating hepatic protein expression of Fads1(30.4%)and Fads2(45.6%),increasing serum EPA levels(55.9%)and hepatic docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)levels(10%).Secoisolariciresinol(SECO)elevated hepatic protein expression of Elovl2(30.7%),Elovl5(11.7%),Fads1(37.9%),and Fads2(24.1%),but also increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a(45.2%),leading to decreased ALA,EPA,and DHA levels in serum and liver.Therefore,in comparison,FLM and SDG emerge as the dominant structural units that positively regulate the conversion of ALA.These findings lay a groundwork for designing precise dietary delivery systems to enhance the conversion to n-3 LCPUFAs.展开更多
The increased risk of chronic diseases has led to increasing importance of coarse foods in daily life,but the inclusion of new ingredients has a great degree of influence on the structural characteristics and sensory ...The increased risk of chronic diseases has led to increasing importance of coarse foods in daily life,but the inclusion of new ingredients has a great degree of influence on the structural characteristics and sensory qualities of the food.The effects of five different particle size variations on the physicochemical characteristics,dough,and steamed bread structure of Flaxseed-based milk coproduct(FMC)were investigated.As the particle size decreases,the structure of the dough becomes denser due to an increase in water retention capacity and dissolution capacity,weakening the competition for dough moisture and allowing for an increase in air-holding capacity.The reduction in particle size increased the specific volume of the steamed bread,a decrease in the spread ratio,and an optimization of hardness and elasticity,as well as an increase in consumer acceptance of the FMC steamed bread.However,it is not the smaller the particle size,the higher the quality of steamed bread,appropriate reduction of particle size can improve the quality of steamed bread.In addition,the addition of FMC reduces fat digestion.Therefore,the present study proposes a method to change the particle size of FMC to optimize the quality of the steamed bread and to reduce fat digestibility by adding FMC.展开更多
Plant-based milk is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids,polyphenols and other bioactive compounds.This study investigated the effect of 3 plant-based milk(flaxseed milk,oat milk and soy milk)on the ceftriaxone-induced...Plant-based milk is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids,polyphenols and other bioactive compounds.This study investigated the effect of 3 plant-based milk(flaxseed milk,oat milk and soy milk)on the ceftriaxone-induced intestinal disorders,and compared the regulation patterns associated with gut microbiome and metabolome.The results showed plant-based milk alleviated the ceftriaxone caused cecum swelling,colonic tissue damage and intestinal microecological disorders.Meanwhile,administered plant-based milk decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and oxidative stresses(malondialdehyde(MDA)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the colon,as well as increasing the levels of tight junction proteins(Occludin,Claudin-1,and ZO-1)in the colon.Moreover,administration of plant-based milk modulated the intestinal microbiota by promoting the relative levels of beneficial bacteria(Bifidobacterium),and inhibiting the harmful bacteria genus(Enterococcus).Furthermore,plant-based milk treatment significantly modulated glycerophospholipids metabolism(e.g.glycerophosphocholine)and arachidonic acid metabolism(e.g.prostaglandin G2 and arachidonic acid)in the serum.In conclusion,plant-based milk could alleviate antibiotic-related imbalance of barrier function damage,gut microbiota disorders and the reduction of metabolic disorders,which lays a foundation for exploring anti-inflammatory and intestinal micro-ecological approach to plant-based milk.展开更多
Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops,rich in lipid(40–65%),protein(19–35%),and bioactive compounds.The review starts with bioactive components(fatty acid,tocopherol,phytosterol,s...Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops,rich in lipid(40–65%),protein(19–35%),and bioactive compounds.The review starts with bioactive components(fatty acid,tocopherol,phytosterol,sesamin,sesamolin,and sesamol)of sesame seeds.It considers processing techniques for extracting oil(aqueous extraction and pressing)from seeds.Novel technologies,such as enzyme-assisted aqueous,supercritical CO_(2),and microwave-assisted solvent extraction,are also discussed.The methods of utilization of sesame seed cake are also analyzed.In the future,the processing technology of sesame seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.展开更多
Perfuorinated compounds(PFCs)are toxic and widely present in the environment,and therefore effective adsorbents are required to remove PFCs from environmental water.In the present study,a new type of fuorinated biomas...Perfuorinated compounds(PFCs)are toxic and widely present in the environment,and therefore effective adsorbents are required to remove PFCs from environmental water.In the present study,a new type of fuorinated biomass materials was synthesized via an ingenious fuorosilanization reaction.These adsorbents were applied for the adsorption of 13typical PFCs,including perfuorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs)and perfuorosulfonic acids(PFSAs).By comparing their adsorption performance,Fluorinated cedar slag(FCS)was discovered to have the best absorption efficiency and enabled highly efficient enrichment of PFCs.The adsorption recovery of FCS with the investigated PFCs is greater than 90%under the optimal adsorption condition.Ascribed to the high affinity of F-F sorbent-sorbate interaction,FCS had good adsorption capacities of PFCs from aqueous solution,with the maximum adsorption capacity of 15.80 mg/g for PFOS and 10.71 mg/g for PFOA,respectively.Moreover,the adsorption time could be achieved in a short time(8 min).Using the FCS absorbent,an innovative FCS-solid phase extraction assisted with high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry(FCS-SPE-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)method was first developed to sensitively detect PFCs in the environmental water samples.The intra-day and inter-day recovery rates of the 13 compounds ranged from 90.7%-104.3%,with the RSD of 2.1%-4.7%(intra-day)and 2.5%-8.5%(inter-day),respectively.This research demonstrates the potential of the newly fuoro-functionalized plant biomass to adsorb PFCs from environmental water,with the advantages of high adsorption efficiencies,high antiinterference,easy operation and low economic cost.展开更多
Flaxseed lignan macromolecules(FLM)are a class of important secondary metabolites in fl axseed,which have been widely concerned due to their biological and pharmacological properties,especially for their antioxidative...Flaxseed lignan macromolecules(FLM)are a class of important secondary metabolites in fl axseed,which have been widely concerned due to their biological and pharmacological properties,especially for their antioxidative activity.For the composition and structure of FLM,our results confirmed that ferulic acid glycoside(FerAG)was directly ester-linked with herbacetin diglucoside(HDG)or pinoresinol diglucoside(PDG),which might determine the beginning of FLM biosynthesis.Additionally,p-coumaric acid glycoside(CouAG)might determine the end of chain extension during FLM synthesis in fl axseed.FLM exhibited higher antioxidative activity in polar systems,as shown by its superior 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging capacity compared to the 2,2’-azinobis(3-ehtylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfnic acid)(ABTS)cation free radical scavenging capacity in non-polar systems.Moreover,the antioxidative activity of FLM was found to be highly dependent on its composition and structure.In particular,it was positively correlated with the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups(longer FLM chains)and inversely related to the steric hindrance at the ends(lower levels of FerAG and CouAG).These fi ndings verifi ed the potential application of FLM in nonpolar systems,particularly in functional food emulsions。展开更多
Diglycerol(DAG)is a structural lipid with the functions to lower body fat accumulation and decrease serum triglyceride level.However,the enzymatic synthesis of DAG is limited by the high-efficient and economic lipases...Diglycerol(DAG)is a structural lipid with the functions to lower body fat accumulation and decrease serum triglyceride level.However,the enzymatic synthesis of DAG is limited by the high-efficient and economic lipases.In this paper,the immobilized lipase PS@LXTE-1000 was self-made by immobilizing the Pseudomomas cepacian lipase on to the hydrophobic microporous resin LXTE-1000.The results indicate that LXTE-1000 was a uniform mesoporous sphere with the mean diameter of 400μm,pore size of 14.6 nm,pore volume of 0.5 cm3/g and surface area of 126.0 m^(2)/g,showing superior structural properties for lipase immobilization.Under the optimal reaction conditions with the molar ratio of rapeseed oil to glycerol being 1:1,adding amount of immobilized lipase being 4%,reaction at 50℃,the highest DAG content of 46.7%was achieved in 3 h via enzymatic glycerolysis catalyzed by LXTE-1000.After 7 cycles of reuse,the self-made LXTE-1000 could still retain 78.3%of its initial catalytic ability.Besides,LXTE-1000 was observed to facilitate the DAG production via glycerolysis reaction between glycerol with other seven edible oils including corn oil,sesame oil,peony seed oil,rice bran oil,peanut oil,soybean oil and flaxseed oil.Specifically,the glycerolysis reaction with sesame oil,peony seed oil and rice bran oil even led to the DAG content of 52.1%,53.3%and 51.2%,respectively,Hence,this paper provide a novel strategy to produce high-efficient and economic immobilized lipases,which shows great potential in the green synthesis of functional lipids such as DAG.展开更多
Camellia oleifera industry plays a key role in the safety of edible oils in China,and its seed has great potential for comprehensive utilization.This review mainly introduced processing technology of Camellia seed,whi...Camellia oleifera industry plays a key role in the safety of edible oils in China,and its seed has great potential for comprehensive utilization.This review mainly introduced processing technology of Camellia seed,which included pretreatment,extraction,and high value utilization.The comprehensive utilization and nutritional value of Camellia seed were discussed.Microwave is the best pretreatment method,and shelling technology can improve oil yield.Cold pressing technology was widely accepted and aqueous enzymatic method had wide prospects.Comprehensive utilization technology of Camellia oleifera cake mainly focused on saponin extracting.In the future,processing technology of Camellia seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.展开更多
Selenium(Se)-enriched Brassica napus L.is a valuable organic Se supplement.In this study,the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se(FFS)was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment the substrate of Se-en...Selenium(Se)-enriched Brassica napus L.is a valuable organic Se supplement.In this study,the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se(FFS)was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment the substrate of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.Significant increases were observed after fermentation in total sugars,reducing sugars,soluble proteins,total phenolic content(TPC),and total flavonoid content(TFC).The organic Se was retained at a concentration of 54.75 mg/g in the freeze-dried sample.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed good separation between the FFS and unfermented(FS)groups.Fragrant 2-ethyloxetane had the highest content among all volatiles,while sinapine had the highest content among all phenolic compounds.The fermentation process showed remarkable improvement in the abundance and concentration of volatile compounds and phenolic contents,making FFS exhibit strong antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity againstα-glucosidase activity.The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was significantly greater in FFS compared to FS.ADMET analysis revealed that the majority of phenolic compounds contained in FFS did not exhibit mutagenicity toxicity,hepatotoxicity,skin sensitization,or blood-brain barrier penetration,indicating a favorable level of biosafety.Overall,our study provides a new insight into the further utilization of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.in foods.展开更多
Flaxseed milk coproduct(FMC)is a by-product of flaxseed milk.Okara is a by-product of processed soybean products.In this study,we investigated the quality of dough and Chinese steamed bread(CSB)with the addition of FM...Flaxseed milk coproduct(FMC)is a by-product of flaxseed milk.Okara is a by-product of processed soybean products.In this study,we investigated the quality of dough and Chinese steamed bread(CSB)with the addition of FMC and okara.We also examined the in vitro starch digestibility,expected glycemic index(eGI),starch crystallinity,and short-range order structure of CSB.The results showed that FMC and okara decreased the dough fluidity,formed a dense structure,and enhanced the mechanical properties of the dough.FMC and okara increased the hardness,gumminess,and chewiness of the CSB,while decreasing its cohesion and elasticity.The addition of FMC and okara improved the nutrient content of CSB and reduced the eGI from 75.86 to 51.56.FMC and okara altered the multiscale structure of starch,effectively shielding the amylase site of action,and limited the interaction between amylase and starch.This study provides a reference for the high-value utilization of oilseed processing by-products.展开更多
The microwave treatment is commonly applied to flaxseed to release nutrients, inactivate enzymes, remove cyanogens,and intensify flavors. The current study aimed to explore the influences of microwave exposure on the ...The microwave treatment is commonly applied to flaxseed to release nutrients, inactivate enzymes, remove cyanogens,and intensify flavors. The current study aimed to explore the influences of microwave exposure on the antioxidant and interfacial properties of flaxseed protein isolates(FPI), focusing on the altering composition and molecular structure.The results showed that after microwave exposure(700 W, 1–5 min), more compact assembly of storage proteins and subsequent permeation by membrane fragments of oil bodies occurred for cold-pressing flaxseed flours. Moreover, the particle sizes of FPI was progressively reduced with the decrement ranged from 37.84 to 60.66%(P<0.05), whereas the zeta potential values initially decreased and then substantially recovered during 1–5 min of microwave exposure. The conformation unfolding, chain cross-linking, and depolymerization were sequentially induced for FPI based on the analysis of fluorescence emission spectra, secondary structure, and protein subunit profiles, thereby affecting the dispersion or aggregation properties between albumin and globulin fractions in FPI. Microwave exposure retained specific phenolic acids and superior in vitro antioxidant activities of FPI. The inferior gas–water interface absorption and the loose/porous assembly structure were observed for the foams prepared by FPI, concurrent with obviously shrinking foaming properties upon microwave exposure. Improving oil–water interface activities of FPI produced the emulsion droplets with descending sizes and dense interface coating, which were then mildly destabilized due to the lipid leakage and weakened rheological behavior with microwave exposure extended to 5 min. Our findings elucidated that microwave treatment could tailor the application functionality of protein fractions in flaxseed based on their in situ structural remodeling.展开更多
This study characterized and compared the physical and emulsifying properties of pea protein(PP)and its modified proteins(ultrasound treated-PP(PPU),flaxseed gum(FG)treated PP(PPFG)and ultrasound treated-PPFG(PPFGU))....This study characterized and compared the physical and emulsifying properties of pea protein(PP)and its modified proteins(ultrasound treated-PP(PPU),flaxseed gum(FG)treated PP(PPFG)and ultrasound treated-PPFG(PPFGU)).The results showed FG triggered the formation of loosely attached complex with PP via physical modification under gentle magnetic stirring at pH 7.0,while ultrasound played an important role in reducing protein size,increasing surface hydrophobicity and molecular fluidity onto oil-water interface.So ultrasound further enhanced the interaction of PP with FG,and produced the PPFGU complex with smaller droplet size,higherζ-potential and lower turbidity.Further,combination of FG and ultrasound improved the physical properties of PP with higher viscosity,stiffer gels(defined as higher elastic modulus),stronger hydrophobic properties,better thermal stability,and fast protein absorption rate.Therefore,the PPFGU coarse emulsion performed highest emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsion stability index(ESI)that the stabilized nanoemulsion obtained smallest droplet size,higherζ-potential,and longest storage stability.The combination of FG and ultrasonic treatment will be an effective approach to improving the emulsifying property and thermal stability of PP,which can be considered as a potential plant-based emulsifier applied in the food industry.展开更多
Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body.Malania oleifera,Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil.This stud...Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body.Malania oleifera,Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil.This study aims to investigate the lipid composition of these 3 special resources.Their fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography coupled with flame detector(GC-FID).Triglycerides(TAGs)and phospholipids(PLs)were detected by shotgun-mass spectrometry(shotgun-MS).Results showed that M.oleifera oil presented the highest level of nervonic acid(46.20±0.22%)among the 3 oils.Seeds oil of A.truncatum and X.sorbifolium had 3.53±0.20%and 1.83±0.21%nervonic acid respectively.53 species of TAGs and 15 species of PLs were identified in M.oleifera oil,with PLs content of 499.94±22.34μg/g.In A.truncatum oil,PL and TAG species were twice more than those in M.oleifera oil,and its’content of PLs was 76.27±3.21μg/g.In X.sorbifolium oil,75 TAGs and 34 PLs were detected,with the lowest PLs at 23.84±0.17μg/g.The results demonstrated that these 3 vegetable oils have great potential to become nervonic acid supplements for human health.展开更多
High-fat diet(HFD)could induce obese and microbial dysbiosis,the latter of which has great impact on host health.Dietary polysaccharides are well known to have a wide range of biological benefits for bowel health.In t...High-fat diet(HFD)could induce obese and microbial dysbiosis,the latter of which has great impact on host health.Dietary polysaccharides are well known to have a wide range of biological benefits for bowel health.In this study,we investigated the effects of rapeseed polysaccharide(RSP)on overweight and gut microbiota in highfat-diet(HFD)fed rats.RSP effectively alleviated the hyperglycemia and lipid metabolic disorder in serum,which was found closely related to the modulation of intestinal microbiota.Supplementation of RSP regulated the intestinal microbiome by increasing the proportion of butyrate acid producer Blautia(P<0.05),Dorea(P<0.01)and Akkermansia genus and inhibiting the growth of bacterial species associated with inflammation such as unclassified Ruminococcaceae(P<0.05).Moreover,the restoration of total short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),especially propionate and butyrate might be an important strategy for mitigating HFD induced metabolic disorders.Our results suggested that RSP is a potential prebiotic for preventing obese induced HFD through regulating the gut microbiota.展开更多
Aluminum has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases.ALA(α-linolenic acid),an essential dietary component for human health,possesses prominent biological activities.Herein,we aim to explore the neuroprotectiv...Aluminum has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases.ALA(α-linolenic acid),an essential dietary component for human health,possesses prominent biological activities.Herein,we aim to explore the neuroprotective effects of ALA on aluminum toxicity and reveal the underlying mechanism.Results show that aluminum chloride(denoted as Al)enabled cell viability decline and apoptosis with oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells(PC12)for 24 h incubation.Compared with Al(10 mmol/L)treatment alone,ALA(50μmol/L)pretreatment for 24 h significantly enhanced cell viability by 28.40%,and hindered cell apoptosis by 12.35%,together with recovering redox state balance and alleviating mitochondrial damage.It was measured that ALA treatment upregulated Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated Bax level,accompanied with an expression decline of caspase-3 and caspase-9.Meanwhile,ALA pretreatment was proved to increase protein kinase A(PKA)expression and to promote phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein(p-CREB),resulting in elevation on the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).The above results showed that ALA attenuated Al toxicity in PC12 cells by mediating the PKA-CREBBDNF signaling pathway.展开更多
DHA-enriched eggs have gained popularity due to their unique nutritional value,but their flavor can be challenging for some consumers to accept.The study analyzed the correlation of lipids and flavors in DHA-enriched ...DHA-enriched eggs have gained popularity due to their unique nutritional value,but their flavor can be challenging for some consumers to accept.The study analyzed the correlation of lipids and flavors in DHA-enriched egg yolks using comprehensive lipidomics and volatile compound analysis.The results showed that 411 lipids were detected in two egg yolk samples.Among them,148 lipid species,including 48 DHA-containing lipids,were significantly higher in DHA-enriched egg yolks than in Common ones(P<0.05).Furthermore,of the 24 volatile compounds detected,the contents of benzaldehyde,heptanal,hexanal,decanal and 2-nonanone in DHA-enriched egg yolks were significantly higher than in Common egg yolks(P<0.05).The“fishy”smell characteristic of DHAenriched egg yolks was mainly caused by volatile aldehydes,which may be produced through the hydrolysis of lipids in the egg yolk to free fatty acids and further oxidation.Analysis of the correlation network diagram revealed that phospholipids containing docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),linoleic acid,or oleic acid chains were the main contributors to the characteristic flavor of DHA-enriched egg yolks.Overall,this study explored the effect of different lipids on the flavor of DHA-enriched egg yolks and provided a theoretical basis for the production and improvement of DHA-enriched eggs.展开更多
To better understand canolol as an efficient intracellular antioxidant agent in food related fields, potential cellular antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated using multiple assays, including cellular an...To better understand canolol as an efficient intracellular antioxidant agent in food related fields, potential cellular antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated using multiple assays, including cellular antioxidant activity(CAA), 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide(MTT) and methylene blue assay. CAA assay was used to identify the half maximal effective concentration of canolol and other bioactive components, such as sinapic acid, resveratrol and sesamol in oil crops. Results showed that antioxidant capacity(without PBS wash) varies between different compounds. Capacity variation followed the order: sinapic acid > canolol > resveratrol > sesamol. While with PBS wash, the order changed to sinapic acid > resveratrol > canolol > sesamol. Half maximal inhibitory concentration of canolol measured by MTT was 1887.08±1.22 μmol/L, implying that cytotoxicity of canolol was greatly lower than that of resveratrol, sesamol and sinapic acid. Methylene blue assay showed that cell viability was still up to 90% exposed to canolol at a high concentration of 4444 μmol/L. It suggested that canolol had desired antioxidant activity in organism with low cellular cytotoxicity.展开更多
To investigate the impact of dietary supplementation of different omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) resources on PUFAs enrichment in hen eggs, two supplemental materials, flaxseed and oil-extracted micro...To investigate the impact of dietary supplementation of different omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) resources on PUFAs enrichment in hen eggs, two supplemental materials, flaxseed and oil-extracted microalgal residue of heterotrophic Schizochytrium, were added to the diet of laying hens in 3 groups. Results showed that supplementation with flaxseed and Schizochytrium residue gave rise to the increased, but different n-3 PUFAs levels in egg yolk, mainly α-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs was reduced in all groups. After 14 days feeding of supplied PUFAs resources, n-3 PUFAs contents reached a plateau, and then remained constant during further supplementation in 3 experimental groups. Both the highest ALA level and DHA level were achieved in flaxseed group and microalgae group, reaching up to 353.69 (±68.15) mg/egg and 301.41 (± 26.76) mg/egg respectively. Moreover, the n-3 PUFAs enrichment efficiency was relatively low in flaxseed group when compared to other 2 groups. Laying rates of hens before entering peak production period could be improved by adding flaxseed but was not obviously affected by Schizochytrium residue. The egg weight, on the other hand, had no relationship with dietary supplementation. Thus, supplementation of flaxseed or Schizochytrium residue into standard feed offers an alternative choice for the production of n-3 PUFAs enriched eggs.展开更多
Nutmeg essential oil with volatile components is sensitive to oxygen, light, water and high temperature. Spray-drying is widely used as an encapsulation technique for improving compound stability during processing and...Nutmeg essential oil with volatile components is sensitive to oxygen, light, water and high temperature. Spray-drying is widely used as an encapsulation technique for improving compound stability during processing and storage. In this study, influence of encapsulated matrix on spray-dried nutmeg essential oil microcapsule was investigated using blends of maltodextrin and either gum Arabic(GA-MD), or octenyl succinic acid modified starch(OSA-MD) as wall materials. Characteristics of spray-dried powders from these 2 wall materials were evaluated and compared. Powder property analysis indicated that GA-MD microcapsules presented larger size, higher moisture and poorer flowability compared with OSA-MD microcapsules. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis showed that both GA-MD and OSA-MD microcapsules improved the stability of nutmeg essential oil. However, GA-MD microcapsules exhibited higher storage stability than OSA-MD microcapsules. This research provided theoretical foundation for wall material choice of microcapsule and nutmeg essential oil utilization in food industry.展开更多
This study proposed a strategy based on simple chemical derivatization coupled with neutral loss scan tandem to electrospray ionization source of mass spectrometer (NLS-ESI-MS/MS) for rapid and sensitive detection of ...This study proposed a strategy based on simple chemical derivatization coupled with neutral loss scan tandem to electrospray ionization source of mass spectrometer (NLS-ESI-MS/MS) for rapid and sensitive detection of free fatty acids (FFAs) in coldpressed rapeseed oils without sample purification and enrichment. The method was applied to investigate contents of FFAs and their changes in cold-pressed rapeseed oil pretreated by microwave. Results showed that main FFAs in rapeseed oil control samples were myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). The highest content of C18:1 was 7163.69 nmol/g and C18:2 was 5221.18 nmol/g among 8 oil samples. FFAs generally increased after microwave pretreatment except C14:0 in oil sample of ‘Xinyou 17’ and ‘Suyou 6’. C18:1 and C18:2 significantly changed (P<0.05) after microwave pretreatment. With this established simple,practical and reliable analysis approach, changes of FFAs would be monitored to ensure safety and quality of edible oils. A powerful tool is provided for thermal degradation mechanism research of edible oils.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072267)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-14)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100404)the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA042).
文摘Dietary supplementation with plant-derivedα-linolenic acid(ALA)has the potential to alleviate the insufficient intake of global n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 LCPUFAs),but faces the bottleneck of highβ-oxidation consumption,oxidative susceptibility,and low conversion efficiency.The current study investigated how flax lignans with different degrees of polymerization and glycosylation affect the conversion of ALA to n-3 LCPUFAs in mice over 35 days of administering sunflower phospholipid-stabilized flaxseed oil nanoemulsions.Results showed that flax lignan macromolecules(FLM)increased hepatic protein expression of elongase of very long chain fatty acid 5(Elovl5,24.2%)and fatty acid desaturase 2(Fads2,44.7%),thereby positively regulating ALA conversion pathways and raising serum eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)levels(52.7%)via liver lipid re-efflux.Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)enhanced ALA desaturation by upregulating hepatic protein expression of Fads1(30.4%)and Fads2(45.6%),increasing serum EPA levels(55.9%)and hepatic docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)levels(10%).Secoisolariciresinol(SECO)elevated hepatic protein expression of Elovl2(30.7%),Elovl5(11.7%),Fads1(37.9%),and Fads2(24.1%),but also increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a(45.2%),leading to decreased ALA,EPA,and DHA levels in serum and liver.Therefore,in comparison,FLM and SDG emerge as the dominant structural units that positively regulate the conversion of ALA.These findings lay a groundwork for designing precise dietary delivery systems to enhance the conversion to n-3 LCPUFAs.
基金support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100403)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+3 种基金the Earmarked Fund for CARS-14the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA042)the Key Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BBA045)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(3562).
文摘The increased risk of chronic diseases has led to increasing importance of coarse foods in daily life,but the inclusion of new ingredients has a great degree of influence on the structural characteristics and sensory qualities of the food.The effects of five different particle size variations on the physicochemical characteristics,dough,and steamed bread structure of Flaxseed-based milk coproduct(FMC)were investigated.As the particle size decreases,the structure of the dough becomes denser due to an increase in water retention capacity and dissolution capacity,weakening the competition for dough moisture and allowing for an increase in air-holding capacity.The reduction in particle size increased the specific volume of the steamed bread,a decrease in the spread ratio,and an optimization of hardness and elasticity,as well as an increase in consumer acceptance of the FMC steamed bread.However,it is not the smaller the particle size,the higher the quality of steamed bread,appropriate reduction of particle size can improve the quality of steamed bread.In addition,the addition of FMC reduces fat digestion.Therefore,the present study proposes a method to change the particle size of FMC to optimize the quality of the steamed bread and to reduce fat digestibility by adding FMC.
基金funded by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-14)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(11021716001100B)。
文摘Plant-based milk is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids,polyphenols and other bioactive compounds.This study investigated the effect of 3 plant-based milk(flaxseed milk,oat milk and soy milk)on the ceftriaxone-induced intestinal disorders,and compared the regulation patterns associated with gut microbiome and metabolome.The results showed plant-based milk alleviated the ceftriaxone caused cecum swelling,colonic tissue damage and intestinal microecological disorders.Meanwhile,administered plant-based milk decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and oxidative stresses(malondialdehyde(MDA)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the colon,as well as increasing the levels of tight junction proteins(Occludin,Claudin-1,and ZO-1)in the colon.Moreover,administration of plant-based milk modulated the intestinal microbiota by promoting the relative levels of beneficial bacteria(Bifidobacterium),and inhibiting the harmful bacteria genus(Enterococcus).Furthermore,plant-based milk treatment significantly modulated glycerophospholipids metabolism(e.g.glycerophosphocholine)and arachidonic acid metabolism(e.g.prostaglandin G2 and arachidonic acid)in the serum.In conclusion,plant-based milk could alleviate antibiotic-related imbalance of barrier function damage,gut microbiota disorders and the reduction of metabolic disorders,which lays a foundation for exploring anti-inflammatory and intestinal micro-ecological approach to plant-based milk.
基金The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-OCRI)Wuhan Scientific and Technical Payoffs Transformation Project(2019030703011505)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-14).
文摘Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops,rich in lipid(40–65%),protein(19–35%),and bioactive compounds.The review starts with bioactive components(fatty acid,tocopherol,phytosterol,sesamin,sesamolin,and sesamol)of sesame seeds.It considers processing techniques for extracting oil(aqueous extraction and pressing)from seeds.Novel technologies,such as enzyme-assisted aqueous,supercritical CO_(2),and microwave-assisted solvent extraction,are also discussed.The methods of utilization of sesame seed cake are also analyzed.In the future,the processing technology of sesame seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22276221,and 21675176)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and South-Central Minzu University (No.CZP21002)。
文摘Perfuorinated compounds(PFCs)are toxic and widely present in the environment,and therefore effective adsorbents are required to remove PFCs from environmental water.In the present study,a new type of fuorinated biomass materials was synthesized via an ingenious fuorosilanization reaction.These adsorbents were applied for the adsorption of 13typical PFCs,including perfuorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs)and perfuorosulfonic acids(PFSAs).By comparing their adsorption performance,Fluorinated cedar slag(FCS)was discovered to have the best absorption efficiency and enabled highly efficient enrichment of PFCs.The adsorption recovery of FCS with the investigated PFCs is greater than 90%under the optimal adsorption condition.Ascribed to the high affinity of F-F sorbent-sorbate interaction,FCS had good adsorption capacities of PFCs from aqueous solution,with the maximum adsorption capacity of 15.80 mg/g for PFOS and 10.71 mg/g for PFOA,respectively.Moreover,the adsorption time could be achieved in a short time(8 min).Using the FCS absorbent,an innovative FCS-solid phase extraction assisted with high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry(FCS-SPE-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)method was first developed to sensitively detect PFCs in the environmental water samples.The intra-day and inter-day recovery rates of the 13 compounds ranged from 90.7%-104.3%,with the RSD of 2.1%-4.7%(intra-day)and 2.5%-8.5%(inter-day),respectively.This research demonstrates the potential of the newly fuoro-functionalized plant biomass to adsorb PFCs from environmental water,with the advantages of high adsorption efficiencies,high antiinterference,easy operation and low economic cost.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072267)supported by China Agriculture Research System of CRAS-14.
文摘Flaxseed lignan macromolecules(FLM)are a class of important secondary metabolites in fl axseed,which have been widely concerned due to their biological and pharmacological properties,especially for their antioxidative activity.For the composition and structure of FLM,our results confirmed that ferulic acid glycoside(FerAG)was directly ester-linked with herbacetin diglucoside(HDG)or pinoresinol diglucoside(PDG),which might determine the beginning of FLM biosynthesis.Additionally,p-coumaric acid glycoside(CouAG)might determine the end of chain extension during FLM synthesis in fl axseed.FLM exhibited higher antioxidative activity in polar systems,as shown by its superior 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging capacity compared to the 2,2’-azinobis(3-ehtylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfnic acid)(ABTS)cation free radical scavenging capacity in non-polar systems.Moreover,the antioxidative activity of FLM was found to be highly dependent on its composition and structure.In particular,it was positively correlated with the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups(longer FLM chains)and inversely related to the steric hindrance at the ends(lower levels of FerAG and CouAG).These fi ndings verifi ed the potential application of FLM in nonpolar systems,particularly in functional food emulsions。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD2100303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272271,32302021)+2 种基金the Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation of China(2021CFB209,2023AFB324)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd002)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.1610172024002).
文摘Diglycerol(DAG)is a structural lipid with the functions to lower body fat accumulation and decrease serum triglyceride level.However,the enzymatic synthesis of DAG is limited by the high-efficient and economic lipases.In this paper,the immobilized lipase PS@LXTE-1000 was self-made by immobilizing the Pseudomomas cepacian lipase on to the hydrophobic microporous resin LXTE-1000.The results indicate that LXTE-1000 was a uniform mesoporous sphere with the mean diameter of 400μm,pore size of 14.6 nm,pore volume of 0.5 cm3/g and surface area of 126.0 m^(2)/g,showing superior structural properties for lipase immobilization.Under the optimal reaction conditions with the molar ratio of rapeseed oil to glycerol being 1:1,adding amount of immobilized lipase being 4%,reaction at 50℃,the highest DAG content of 46.7%was achieved in 3 h via enzymatic glycerolysis catalyzed by LXTE-1000.After 7 cycles of reuse,the self-made LXTE-1000 could still retain 78.3%of its initial catalytic ability.Besides,LXTE-1000 was observed to facilitate the DAG production via glycerolysis reaction between glycerol with other seven edible oils including corn oil,sesame oil,peony seed oil,rice bran oil,peanut oil,soybean oil and flaxseed oil.Specifically,the glycerolysis reaction with sesame oil,peony seed oil and rice bran oil even led to the DAG content of 52.1%,53.3%and 51.2%,respectively,Hence,this paper provide a novel strategy to produce high-efficient and economic immobilized lipases,which shows great potential in the green synthesis of functional lipids such as DAG.
基金financial support of the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2018YFD0401104)
文摘Camellia oleifera industry plays a key role in the safety of edible oils in China,and its seed has great potential for comprehensive utilization.This review mainly introduced processing technology of Camellia seed,which included pretreatment,extraction,and high value utilization.The comprehensive utilization and nutritional value of Camellia seed were discussed.Microwave is the best pretreatment method,and shelling technology can improve oil yield.Cold pressing technology was widely accepted and aqueous enzymatic method had wide prospects.Comprehensive utilization technology of Camellia oleifera cake mainly focused on saponin extracting.In the future,processing technology of Camellia seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20274,31972041)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+1 种基金Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12)Support Enterprise Technology Innovation and Development Projects(2021BLB151)。
文摘Selenium(Se)-enriched Brassica napus L.is a valuable organic Se supplement.In this study,the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se(FFS)was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment the substrate of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.Significant increases were observed after fermentation in total sugars,reducing sugars,soluble proteins,total phenolic content(TPC),and total flavonoid content(TFC).The organic Se was retained at a concentration of 54.75 mg/g in the freeze-dried sample.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed good separation between the FFS and unfermented(FS)groups.Fragrant 2-ethyloxetane had the highest content among all volatiles,while sinapine had the highest content among all phenolic compounds.The fermentation process showed remarkable improvement in the abundance and concentration of volatile compounds and phenolic contents,making FFS exhibit strong antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity againstα-glucosidase activity.The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was significantly greater in FFS compared to FS.ADMET analysis revealed that the majority of phenolic compounds contained in FFS did not exhibit mutagenicity toxicity,hepatotoxicity,skin sensitization,or blood-brain barrier penetration,indicating a favorable level of biosafety.Overall,our study provides a new insight into the further utilization of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.in foods.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100403)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+2 种基金the Earmarked Fund for CARS-14,the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA042)the Key Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BBA045)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(3562).
文摘Flaxseed milk coproduct(FMC)is a by-product of flaxseed milk.Okara is a by-product of processed soybean products.In this study,we investigated the quality of dough and Chinese steamed bread(CSB)with the addition of FMC and okara.We also examined the in vitro starch digestibility,expected glycemic index(eGI),starch crystallinity,and short-range order structure of CSB.The results showed that FMC and okara decreased the dough fluidity,formed a dense structure,and enhanced the mechanical properties of the dough.FMC and okara increased the hardness,gumminess,and chewiness of the CSB,while decreasing its cohesion and elasticity.The addition of FMC and okara improved the nutrient content of CSB and reduced the eGI from 75.86 to 51.56.FMC and okara altered the multiscale structure of starch,effectively shielding the amylase site of action,and limited the interaction between amylase and starch.This study provides a reference for the high-value utilization of oilseed processing by-products.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072267)the Wuhan Scientific and Technical Payoffs Transformation Project,China (2019030703011505)the Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Province,China (2321021110139) for providing financial supports。
文摘The microwave treatment is commonly applied to flaxseed to release nutrients, inactivate enzymes, remove cyanogens,and intensify flavors. The current study aimed to explore the influences of microwave exposure on the antioxidant and interfacial properties of flaxseed protein isolates(FPI), focusing on the altering composition and molecular structure.The results showed that after microwave exposure(700 W, 1–5 min), more compact assembly of storage proteins and subsequent permeation by membrane fragments of oil bodies occurred for cold-pressing flaxseed flours. Moreover, the particle sizes of FPI was progressively reduced with the decrement ranged from 37.84 to 60.66%(P<0.05), whereas the zeta potential values initially decreased and then substantially recovered during 1–5 min of microwave exposure. The conformation unfolding, chain cross-linking, and depolymerization were sequentially induced for FPI based on the analysis of fluorescence emission spectra, secondary structure, and protein subunit profiles, thereby affecting the dispersion or aggregation properties between albumin and globulin fractions in FPI. Microwave exposure retained specific phenolic acids and superior in vitro antioxidant activities of FPI. The inferior gas–water interface absorption and the loose/porous assembly structure were observed for the foams prepared by FPI, concurrent with obviously shrinking foaming properties upon microwave exposure. Improving oil–water interface activities of FPI produced the emulsion droplets with descending sizes and dense interface coating, which were then mildly destabilized due to the lipid leakage and weakened rheological behavior with microwave exposure extended to 5 min. Our findings elucidated that microwave treatment could tailor the application functionality of protein fractions in flaxseed based on their in situ structural remodeling.
基金financially supported by grants from the Key Scientific Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BCA086)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0400200)+3 种基金Wuhan Application Fundamental Frontier Project of China(2020020601012270)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771938)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARAthe Wuhan Achievement Transformation Project(2019030703011505)。
文摘This study characterized and compared the physical and emulsifying properties of pea protein(PP)and its modified proteins(ultrasound treated-PP(PPU),flaxseed gum(FG)treated PP(PPFG)and ultrasound treated-PPFG(PPFGU)).The results showed FG triggered the formation of loosely attached complex with PP via physical modification under gentle magnetic stirring at pH 7.0,while ultrasound played an important role in reducing protein size,increasing surface hydrophobicity and molecular fluidity onto oil-water interface.So ultrasound further enhanced the interaction of PP with FG,and produced the PPFGU complex with smaller droplet size,higherζ-potential and lower turbidity.Further,combination of FG and ultrasound improved the physical properties of PP with higher viscosity,stiffer gels(defined as higher elastic modulus),stronger hydrophobic properties,better thermal stability,and fast protein absorption rate.Therefore,the PPFGU coarse emulsion performed highest emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsion stability index(ESI)that the stabilized nanoemulsion obtained smallest droplet size,higherζ-potential,and longest storage stability.The combination of FG and ultrasonic treatment will be an effective approach to improving the emulsifying property and thermal stability of PP,which can be considered as a potential plant-based emulsifier applied in the food industry.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31571926)We also gratefully thank for the support of Hubei International Cooperation Project(Grant No.2018AHB014)+2 种基金Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(No.1630062017034)Collaborative Innovation Task of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-XTCX2016005).
文摘Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body.Malania oleifera,Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil.This study aims to investigate the lipid composition of these 3 special resources.Their fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography coupled with flame detector(GC-FID).Triglycerides(TAGs)and phospholipids(PLs)were detected by shotgun-mass spectrometry(shotgun-MS).Results showed that M.oleifera oil presented the highest level of nervonic acid(46.20±0.22%)among the 3 oils.Seeds oil of A.truncatum and X.sorbifolium had 3.53±0.20%and 1.83±0.21%nervonic acid respectively.53 species of TAGs and 15 species of PLs were identified in M.oleifera oil,with PLs content of 499.94±22.34μg/g.In A.truncatum oil,PL and TAG species were twice more than those in M.oleifera oil,and its’content of PLs was 76.27±3.21μg/g.In X.sorbifolium oil,75 TAGs and 34 PLs were detected,with the lowest PLs at 23.84±0.17μg/g.The results demonstrated that these 3 vegetable oils have great potential to become nervonic acid supplements for human health.
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI).
文摘High-fat diet(HFD)could induce obese and microbial dysbiosis,the latter of which has great impact on host health.Dietary polysaccharides are well known to have a wide range of biological benefits for bowel health.In this study,we investigated the effects of rapeseed polysaccharide(RSP)on overweight and gut microbiota in highfat-diet(HFD)fed rats.RSP effectively alleviated the hyperglycemia and lipid metabolic disorder in serum,which was found closely related to the modulation of intestinal microbiota.Supplementation of RSP regulated the intestinal microbiome by increasing the proportion of butyrate acid producer Blautia(P<0.05),Dorea(P<0.01)and Akkermansia genus and inhibiting the growth of bacterial species associated with inflammation such as unclassified Ruminococcaceae(P<0.05).Moreover,the restoration of total short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),especially propionate and butyrate might be an important strategy for mitigating HFD induced metabolic disorders.Our results suggested that RSP is a potential prebiotic for preventing obese induced HFD through regulating the gut microbiota.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972041, 32101955)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-12)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAASASTIP-2016-OCRI)the Key Scientific Research Projects of Hubei Province (2020BCA086)
文摘Aluminum has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases.ALA(α-linolenic acid),an essential dietary component for human health,possesses prominent biological activities.Herein,we aim to explore the neuroprotective effects of ALA on aluminum toxicity and reveal the underlying mechanism.Results show that aluminum chloride(denoted as Al)enabled cell viability decline and apoptosis with oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells(PC12)for 24 h incubation.Compared with Al(10 mmol/L)treatment alone,ALA(50μmol/L)pretreatment for 24 h significantly enhanced cell viability by 28.40%,and hindered cell apoptosis by 12.35%,together with recovering redox state balance and alleviating mitochondrial damage.It was measured that ALA treatment upregulated Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated Bax level,accompanied with an expression decline of caspase-3 and caspase-9.Meanwhile,ALA pretreatment was proved to increase protein kinase A(PKA)expression and to promote phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein(p-CREB),resulting in elevation on the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).The above results showed that ALA attenuated Al toxicity in PC12 cells by mediating the PKA-CREBBDNF signaling pathway.
基金supported by the Opening Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition(202106).
文摘DHA-enriched eggs have gained popularity due to their unique nutritional value,but their flavor can be challenging for some consumers to accept.The study analyzed the correlation of lipids and flavors in DHA-enriched egg yolks using comprehensive lipidomics and volatile compound analysis.The results showed that 411 lipids were detected in two egg yolk samples.Among them,148 lipid species,including 48 DHA-containing lipids,were significantly higher in DHA-enriched egg yolks than in Common ones(P<0.05).Furthermore,of the 24 volatile compounds detected,the contents of benzaldehyde,heptanal,hexanal,decanal and 2-nonanone in DHA-enriched egg yolks were significantly higher than in Common egg yolks(P<0.05).The“fishy”smell characteristic of DHAenriched egg yolks was mainly caused by volatile aldehydes,which may be produced through the hydrolysis of lipids in the egg yolk to free fatty acids and further oxidation.Analysis of the correlation network diagram revealed that phospholipids containing docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),linoleic acid,or oleic acid chains were the main contributors to the characteristic flavor of DHA-enriched egg yolks.Overall,this study explored the effect of different lipids on the flavor of DHA-enriched egg yolks and provided a theoretical basis for the production and improvement of DHA-enriched eggs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601438, 31471620)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)+2 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS13)the Director Fund of Oil Crops Research Institute (1610172016003)the Major Program of Technology Innovation Program of Hubei Province (2017ABA144)
文摘To better understand canolol as an efficient intracellular antioxidant agent in food related fields, potential cellular antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated using multiple assays, including cellular antioxidant activity(CAA), 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide(MTT) and methylene blue assay. CAA assay was used to identify the half maximal effective concentration of canolol and other bioactive components, such as sinapic acid, resveratrol and sesamol in oil crops. Results showed that antioxidant capacity(without PBS wash) varies between different compounds. Capacity variation followed the order: sinapic acid > canolol > resveratrol > sesamol. While with PBS wash, the order changed to sinapic acid > resveratrol > canolol > sesamol. Half maximal inhibitory concentration of canolol measured by MTT was 1887.08±1.22 μmol/L, implying that cytotoxicity of canolol was greatly lower than that of resveratrol, sesamol and sinapic acid. Methylene blue assay showed that cell viability was still up to 90% exposed to canolol at a high concentration of 4444 μmol/L. It suggested that canolol had desired antioxidant activity in organism with low cellular cytotoxicity.
文摘To investigate the impact of dietary supplementation of different omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) resources on PUFAs enrichment in hen eggs, two supplemental materials, flaxseed and oil-extracted microalgal residue of heterotrophic Schizochytrium, were added to the diet of laying hens in 3 groups. Results showed that supplementation with flaxseed and Schizochytrium residue gave rise to the increased, but different n-3 PUFAs levels in egg yolk, mainly α-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs was reduced in all groups. After 14 days feeding of supplied PUFAs resources, n-3 PUFAs contents reached a plateau, and then remained constant during further supplementation in 3 experimental groups. Both the highest ALA level and DHA level were achieved in flaxseed group and microalgae group, reaching up to 353.69 (±68.15) mg/egg and 301.41 (± 26.76) mg/egg respectively. Moreover, the n-3 PUFAs enrichment efficiency was relatively low in flaxseed group when compared to other 2 groups. Laying rates of hens before entering peak production period could be improved by adding flaxseed but was not obviously affected by Schizochytrium residue. The egg weight, on the other hand, had no relationship with dietary supplementation. Thus, supplementation of flaxseed or Schizochytrium residue into standard feed offers an alternative choice for the production of n-3 PUFAs enriched eggs.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0400200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701643,31171661,21105119 and 31271879)Research Foundation of the Director General of Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘Nutmeg essential oil with volatile components is sensitive to oxygen, light, water and high temperature. Spray-drying is widely used as an encapsulation technique for improving compound stability during processing and storage. In this study, influence of encapsulated matrix on spray-dried nutmeg essential oil microcapsule was investigated using blends of maltodextrin and either gum Arabic(GA-MD), or octenyl succinic acid modified starch(OSA-MD) as wall materials. Characteristics of spray-dried powders from these 2 wall materials were evaluated and compared. Powder property analysis indicated that GA-MD microcapsules presented larger size, higher moisture and poorer flowability compared with OSA-MD microcapsules. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis showed that both GA-MD and OSA-MD microcapsules improved the stability of nutmeg essential oil. However, GA-MD microcapsules exhibited higher storage stability than OSA-MD microcapsules. This research provided theoretical foundation for wall material choice of microcapsule and nutmeg essential oil utilization in food industry.
文摘This study proposed a strategy based on simple chemical derivatization coupled with neutral loss scan tandem to electrospray ionization source of mass spectrometer (NLS-ESI-MS/MS) for rapid and sensitive detection of free fatty acids (FFAs) in coldpressed rapeseed oils without sample purification and enrichment. The method was applied to investigate contents of FFAs and their changes in cold-pressed rapeseed oil pretreated by microwave. Results showed that main FFAs in rapeseed oil control samples were myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). The highest content of C18:1 was 7163.69 nmol/g and C18:2 was 5221.18 nmol/g among 8 oil samples. FFAs generally increased after microwave pretreatment except C14:0 in oil sample of ‘Xinyou 17’ and ‘Suyou 6’. C18:1 and C18:2 significantly changed (P<0.05) after microwave pretreatment. With this established simple,practical and reliable analysis approach, changes of FFAs would be monitored to ensure safety and quality of edible oils. A powerful tool is provided for thermal degradation mechanism research of edible oils.
