Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in hu...Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in humans remain unclear,including cell viability,distribution,migration,and fate.Conventional cell tracing methods cannot be used in the clinic.The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents allows for the observation of transplanted cells using magnetic resonance imaging.In 2016,the National Medical Products Administration of China approved a new superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle,Ruicun,for use as a contrast agent in clinical trials.In the present study,an acute hemi-transection spinal cord injury model was established in beagle dogs.The injury was then treated by transplantation of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells.The results indicated that Ruicunlabeled mesenchymal stromal cells repaired damaged spinal cord fibers and partially restored neurological function in animals with acute spinal cord injury.T2*-weighted imaging revealed low signal areas on both sides of the injured spinal cord.The results of quantitative susceptibility mapping with ultrashort echo time sequences indicated that Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells persisted stably within the injured spinal cord for over 4 weeks.These findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to effectively track the migration of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells and assess their ability to repair spinal cord injury.展开更多
In the physiological environment, nanoparticles(NPs) interact with proteins to form a protein-rich layer on the surface which is called "protein corona". Understanding and analyzing the formation process of ...In the physiological environment, nanoparticles(NPs) interact with proteins to form a protein-rich layer on the surface which is called "protein corona". Understanding and analyzing the formation process of protein corona and protein corona-nanoparticles is of great significance for biological related nano research. Many separation techniques have been used to analyze the composition of protein corona, but in situ analysis of protein corona is still absent. With the development of detection technology, sum frequency generation(SFG) is an effective instrument to analyze the surface protein structure and dynamic changes of protein corona in situ. In this work the molecular mechanism and surface structure effect of the interaction between nanoparticles with surface protein corona(S-NPP) and phospholipid membrane were studied. When S-NPP interacts with phospholipid membrane, the bond affinity network formed by the binding water can stabilize S-NPP around the lipid bilayer. In this process, S-NPP can be found wrapped in the hydration shell. This ultimately leads to a more moderate interaction between particles and phospholipid membrane.展开更多
Tubular microfibers have recently attracted extensive interest for applications in tissue engineering.However,the fabrication of tubular fibers with intricate hierarchical structures remains a major challenge.Here,we ...Tubular microfibers have recently attracted extensive interest for applications in tissue engineering.However,the fabrication of tubular fibers with intricate hierarchical structures remains a major challenge.Here,we present a novel one-step microfluidic spinning method to generate bio-inspired screwed conduits(BSCs).Based on the microfluidic rope-coiling effect,a viscous hydrogel precursor is first curved into a helix stream in the channel,and then consecutively packed as a hollow structured stream and gelated into a screwed conduit(SC)via ionic and covalent crosslinking.By taking advantage of the excellent fluid-controlling ability of microfluidics,various tubes with diverse structures are fabricated via simple control over fluid velocities and multiple microfluidic device designs.The perfusability and permeability results,as well as the encapsulation and culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells(HPAs),and myogenic cells(C2C12),demonstrate that these SCs have good perfusability and permeability and the ability to induce the formation of functional biostructures.These features support the uniqueness and potential applications of these BSCs as biomimetic blood vessels and bronchiole tissues in combination with tissue microstructures,with likely application possibilities in biomedical engineering.展开更多
The emerging messenger RNA(mRNA)nanomedicines have sprung up for disease treatment.Developing targeted mRNA nanomedicines has become a thrilling research hotspot in recent years,as they can be precisely delivered to s...The emerging messenger RNA(mRNA)nanomedicines have sprung up for disease treatment.Developing targeted mRNA nanomedicines has become a thrilling research hotspot in recent years,as they can be precisely delivered to specific organs or tissues to enhance efficiency and avoid side effects.Herein,we give a comprehensive review on the latest research progress of mRNA nanomedicines with targeting functions.mRNA and its carriers are first described in detail.Then,mechanisms of passive targeting,endogenous targeting,and active targeting are outlined,with a focus on various biological barriers that mRNA may encounter during in vivo delivery.Next,emphasis is placed on summarizing mRNA-based organtargeting strategies.Lastly,the advantages and challenges of mRNA nanomedicines in clinical translation are mentioned.This review is expected to inspire researchers in this field and drive further development of mRNA targeting technology.展开更多
Aging and regeneration represent complex biological phenomena that have long captivated the scientific community.To fully comprehend these processes,it is essential to investigate molecular dynamics through a lens tha...Aging and regeneration represent complex biological phenomena that have long captivated the scientific community.To fully comprehend these processes,it is essential to investigate molecular dynamics through a lens that encompasses both spatial and temporal dimensions.Conventional omics methodologies,such as genomics and transcriptomics,have been instrumental in identifying critical molecular facets of aging and regeneration.However,these methods are somewhat limited,constrained by their spatial resolution and their lack of capacity to dynamically represent tissue alterations.The advent of emerging spatiotemporal multi-omics approaches,encompassing transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenomics,furnishes comprehensive insights into these intricate molecular dynamics.These sophisticated techniques facilitate accurate delineation of molecular patterns across an array of cells,tissues,and organs,thereby offering an in-depth understanding of the fundamental mechanisms at play.This review meticulously examines the significance of spatiotemporal multi-omics in the realms of aging and regeneration research.It underscores how these methodologies augment our comprehension of molecular dynamics,cellular interactions,and signaling pathways.Initially,the review delineates the foundational principles underpinning these methods,followed by an evaluation of their recent applications within the field.The review ultimately concludes by addressing the prevailing challenges and projecting future advancements in the field.Indubitably,spatiotemporal multi-omics are instrumental in deciphering the complexities inherent in aging and regeneration,thus charting a course toward potential therapeutic innovations.展开更多
Over the past decade,there has been increasing attention on the interaction between microbiota and bile acid metabolism.Bile acids are not only involved in the metabolism of nutrients,but are also important in signal ...Over the past decade,there has been increasing attention on the interaction between microbiota and bile acid metabolism.Bile acids are not only involved in the metabolism of nutrients,but are also important in signal transduction for the regulation of host physiological activities.Microbial-regulated bile acid metabolism has been proven to affect many diseases,but there have not been many studies of disease regulation by microbial receptor signaling pathways.This review considers findings of recent research on the core roles of farnesoid X receptor(FXR),G protein-coupled bile acid receptor(TGR5),and vitamin D receptor(VDR)signaling pathways in microbial–host interactions in health and disease.Studying the relationship between these pathways can help us understand the pathogenesis of human diseases,and lead to new solutions for their treatments.展开更多
Dear Editor, Nanosized particulate systems combining better cancer diagnosis with therapeutic effect are being designed based on the merging of nanotechnology with cellular and molecular techniques. The surface of the...Dear Editor, Nanosized particulate systems combining better cancer diagnosis with therapeutic effect are being designed based on the merging of nanotechnology with cellular and molecular techniques. The surface of these nanoscale carriers is often functionalized with biological molecules for stabilization and targeted delivery. The combinations of nano-core and associated functional molecules can cross the cell membrane [1], and the surface of nanomaterials （including coating and associated functional molecules） plays a critical role in determining the outcome of their interactions with cells [2, 3]. Studying the potential effects of nanomaterials in biological systems often requires the administration of nanoparticles into a cell culture system or into living organisms in vivo. It should be noted, however, that under such conditions nanopaticles are known to adsorb proteins from the biological system,展开更多
Peroxidase-like catalytic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparficles （NPs） with three different sizes, synthesized by chemical coprecipitation and sol-gel methods, were investigated by UV-vis spectrum analysis. By comparing ...Peroxidase-like catalytic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparficles （NPs） with three different sizes, synthesized by chemical coprecipitation and sol-gel methods, were investigated by UV-vis spectrum analysis. By comparing Fe3O4 NPs with average diameters of 11, 20, and 150 nm, we found that the catalytic activity increases with the reduced nanoparticle size. The electrochemical method to characterize the catalytic activity of Fe3O4 NPs using the response currents of the reaction product and substrate was also developed.展开更多
In modern terminology,“organoids”refer to cells that grow in a specific three-dimensional(3D)environment in vitro,sharing similar structures with their source organs or tissues.Observing themorphology or growth char...In modern terminology,“organoids”refer to cells that grow in a specific three-dimensional(3D)environment in vitro,sharing similar structures with their source organs or tissues.Observing themorphology or growth characteristics of organoids through a microscope is a commonly used method of organoid analysis.However,it is difficult,time-consuming,and inaccurate to screen and analyze organoids only manually,a problem which cannot be easily solved with traditional technology.Artificial intelligence(AI)technology has proven to be effective in many biological and medical research fields,especially in the analysis of single-cell or hematoxylin/eosin stained tissue slices.When used to analyze organoids,AI should also provide more efficient,quantitative,accurate,and fast solutions.In this review,we will first briefly outline the application areas of organoids and then discuss the shortcomings of traditional organoid measurement and analysis methods.Secondly,we will summarize the development from machine learning to deep learning and the advantages of the latter,and then describe how to utilize a convolutional neural network to solve the challenges in organoid observation and analysis.Finally,we will discuss the limitations of current AI used in organoid research,as well as opportunities and future research directions.展开更多
Cancer immunotherapy is an artificial stimulation of the immune system to recognize cancer cells and activate specific immune cells to target and attack cancer cells.In clinical trials, immunotherapy has recently show...Cancer immunotherapy is an artificial stimulation of the immune system to recognize cancer cells and activate specific immune cells to target and attack cancer cells.In clinical trials, immunotherapy has recently shown impressive results in the treatment of multiple cancers.Thus, cancer immunotherapy has gained a lot of attention for its unique advantages and promising future.With extensive research on cancer immunotherapy, its safety and effectiveness has gradually been revealed.However, it is still a huge challenge to expand and drive this therapy while maintaining low toxicity, high specificity, and long-lasting efficacy.As a unique technology, nanotechnology has been applied in many fields, the advantages of which will promote the development of cancer immunotherapies.Researchers have tried to apply nanomaterials to cancer immunotherapy due to their advantageous properties,such as large specific surface areas, effective drug delivery, and controlled surface chemistry, to improve treatment efficacy.Here,we briefly introduce the current applications of nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy, including adoptive cell therapy(ACT),therapeutic cancer vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies, and throw light on future directions of nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
A rapid and simple preconcentration step applying packed-fiber solid-phase extraction columns has been investigated to vitamin B12. The extraction performance of the new method was investigated preliminarily on vitami...A rapid and simple preconcentration step applying packed-fiber solid-phase extraction columns has been investigated to vitamin B12. The extraction performance of the new method was investigated preliminarily on vitamin functional drink. The analysis used a reversed-phase C18 column, with a photo-diode array detector at 220 nm. The samples were preconcentrated with packed-fiber solid-phase extraction columns. Good linearity was observed in vitamin functional drink. The repeatability of extraction performance, expressed as relative standard deviations, was from 3.5% to 4.3%. The limit of detection （LOD） is 5 ng mL^-1 （S/N = 3）. Finally, the method had been applied for the determination of vitamin B12 in vitamin functional drink.展开更多
C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 hollow spheres （labeled as C,N,S-THs） were synthesized using carbon spheres as template and C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 nanoparticles as building blocks. The structure and physicochemical properties of t...C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 hollow spheres （labeled as C,N,S-THs） were synthesized using carbon spheres as template and C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 nanoparticles as building blocks. The structure and physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X- ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum （DRS）, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and Photoluminescence emission spectroscopy （PL）. The results showed that the hollow spheres had average diameter of about 200 nm and the shell thickness was about 20 nm. The tridoped TiO2 hollow spheres exhibited strong absorption in the visible-light region. C,N,S-tridoped could narrow the band gap of the THs by mixing the orbit O 2p with C 2p, N 2p and S 3p orbits and shift its optical response from ultraviolet （UV） to the visible-light region. PL analysis indicated that the electron-hole recombination rate of TiO2 hollow spheres had been effectively inhibited when doped with C, N and S elements. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated for the degradation of X-3B （Reactive Brilliant Red dye, C.I. Reactive Red 2） aqueous solution under visible-light （λ 〉 420 nm） irradiation. It was found that the C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 hollow spheres indicated higher photocatalytic activity than commercial P25 and the undoped counterpart photocatalyst.展开更多
Magnetic brain stimulation has greatly contributed to the advancement of neuroscience.However,challenges remain in the power of penetration and precision of magnetic stimulation,especially in small animals.Here,a nove...Magnetic brain stimulation has greatly contributed to the advancement of neuroscience.However,challenges remain in the power of penetration and precision of magnetic stimulation,especially in small animals.Here,a novel combined magnetic stimulation system(c-MSS)was established for brain stimulation in mice.The c-MSS uses a mild magnetic pulse sequence and injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)nanodrugs to elevate local cortical susceptibility.After imaging of the SPIO nanoparticles in the left prelimbic(Pr L)cortex in mice,we determined their safety and physical characteristics.Depressive-like behavior was established in mice using a chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)model.SPIO nanodrugs were then delivered precisely to the left Pr L cortex using in situ injection.A 0.1 T magnetic field(adjustable frequency)was used for magnetic stimulation(5 min/session,two sessions daily).Biomarkers representing therapeutic effects were measured before and after c-MSS intervention.Results showed that c-MSS rapidly improved depressive-like symptoms in CUMS mice after stimulation with a 10 Hz field for 5 d,combined with increased brainderived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and inactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis function,which enhanced neuronal activity due to SPIO nanoparticle-mediated effects.The c-MSS was safe and effective,representing a novel approach in the selective stimulation of arbitrary cortical targets in small animals,playing a bioelectric role in neural circuit regulation,including antidepressant effects in CUMS mice.This expands the potential applications of magnetic stimulation and progresses brain research towards clinical application.展开更多
Canine parvovirus type 2(CPV-2) infection is the most lethal disease of dogs with higher mortality in puppies worldwide.In today’s world,dogs are an integral part of our communities as well as dogs breeding and reari...Canine parvovirus type 2(CPV-2) infection is the most lethal disease of dogs with higher mortality in puppies worldwide.In today’s world,dogs are an integral part of our communities as well as dogs breeding and rearing has become a lucrative business.Therefore,a fast,accurate,portable,and costeffective CPV-2 detection method with the ability for on-site detection is highly desired.In this study,we for the first time proposed a nanosystem for CPV-2 DNA detection with RNA-guided RNA endonuclease Cas13 a,which upon activation results in collateral RNA degradation.We expressed LwCasl3 a in prokaryotic expression system and purified it through nickel column.Activity of Cas13 a was verified by RNA-bound fluorescent group while using a quenched fluorescent probe as signals.Further Cas13 a was combined with Recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA) and T7 transcription to establish molecular detection system termed specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter un-locking(SHERLOCK) for sensitive detection of CPV-2 DNA.This nanosystem can detect 100 amol/L CPV-2 DNA within 30 min.The proposed nanosystem exhibited high specificity when tested for CPV-2 and other dog viruses.This CRISPR-Cas13 a mediated sensitive detection approach can be of formidable advantage during CPV-2 outbreaks because it is time-efficient,less laborious and does not involve the use of sophisticated instruments.展开更多
Functional electrical stimulation is an effective way to rebuild hindlimb motor function after spinal cord injury.However,no site map exists to serve as a reference for implanting stimulator electrodes.In this study,r...Functional electrical stimulation is an effective way to rebuild hindlimb motor function after spinal cord injury.However,no site map exists to serve as a reference for implanting stimulator electrodes.In this study,rat models of thoracic spinal nerve 9 contusion were established by a heavy-impact method and rat models of T6/8/9 spinal cord injury were established by a transection method.Intraspinal microstimulation was performed to record motion types,site coordinates,and threshold currents induced by stimulation.After transection(complete injury),the core region of hip flexion migrated from the T13 to T12 vertebral segment,and the core region of hip extension migrated from the L1 to T13 vertebral segment.Migration was affected by post-transection time,but not transection segment.Moreover,the longer the post-transection time,the longer the distance of migration.This study provides a reference for spinal electrode implantation after spinal cord injury.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Nantong University,China(approval No.20190225-008)on February 26,2019.展开更多
With unique physical properties, chemical properties, and biological effects, magnetic nanomaterials are important functional materials in many fields. In the past decades, iron based magnetic nanomaterials have attra...With unique physical properties, chemical properties, and biological effects, magnetic nanomaterials are important functional materials in many fields. In the past decades, iron based magnetic nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the biomedicine field due to their superior magnetic properties and great potential in biomedical applications. In particular, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(MIONPs) have been playing a crucial role in the biomedicine field because of their diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Meanwhile, MIONPs are benign, low toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, so they are the only inorganic magnetic nanomaterials approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for clinical use at present. In this review, we mainly introduce the progress in the preparation of iron based magnetic nanomaterials for biomedical applications, including pure iron nanoparticles, iron-based alloy nanoparticles, and MIONPs, with a focus on MIONPs. Also, we summarize the preparation methods of MIONPs and point out the importance of their developments.展开更多
Owing to its photonic band gap(PBG)and slow light effects,aniline black(AB)-poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)inverse opal(IO)photonic crystal(PC)was constructed to promote the utility of light and realize photothermal s...Owing to its photonic band gap(PBG)and slow light effects,aniline black(AB)-poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)inverse opal(IO)photonic crystal(PC)was constructed to promote the utility of light and realize photothermal synergetic catalysis.As a highly efficient reaction platform with the capability of restricting heat,a microreactor was introduced to further amplify the photothermal effects of near infrared(NIR)radiation.The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO/0.5AB-PVDF IO(Z0.5A)increases 1.63-fold compared to that of pure ZnO film under a full solar spectrum,indicating the effectiveness of synergetic promotion by slow light and photothermal effects.Moreover,a 5.85-fold increase is achieved by combining Z0.5A with a microreactor compared to the film in a beaker.The photon localization effect of PVDF IO was further exemplified by finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)calculations.In conclusion,photonic crystal-microreactor enhanced photothermal catalysis has immense potential for alleviating the deteriorating water environment.展开更多
Nonpolar(1120)plane In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N epilayers comprising the entire In content(x)range were successfully grown on nanoscale Ga N islands by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.The structural and optical properties...Nonpolar(1120)plane In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N epilayers comprising the entire In content(x)range were successfully grown on nanoscale Ga N islands by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.The structural and optical properties were studied intensively.It was found that the surface morphology was gradually smoothed when x increased from 0.06 to 0.33,even though the crystalline quality was gradually declined,which was accompanied by the appearance of phase separation in the In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N layer.Photoluminescence wavelengths of 478 and 674 nm for blue and red light were achieved for x varied from 0.06 to 0.33.Furthermore,the corresponding average lifetime(τ_(1/e))of carriers for the nonpolar In Ga N film was decreased from 406 ps to 267 ps,indicating that a high-speed modulation bandwidth can be expected for nonpolar In Ga N-based light-emitting diodes.Moreover,the bowing coefficient(b)of the(1120)plane In Ga N was determined to be 1.91 e V for the bandgap energy as a function of x.展开更多
The open-cell Al foam core sandwiches（AFCSs） were successfully fabricated by using a specially designed Zn-Al-Cu based filler alloy via vibration aided liquid phase bonding method.The effects of the vibration on the...The open-cell Al foam core sandwiches（AFCSs） were successfully fabricated by using a specially designed Zn-Al-Cu based filler alloy via vibration aided liquid phase bonding method.The effects of the vibration on the bonding seam were investigated and the bonding strength between Al foam core and solid Al alloy face sheet was tested by shearing tests.The results show that vibration can significantly improve the quality of the bonding and the shearing strength of the bonding seam,which implies that this joining method has a good potential in practical applications.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a hybrid bioartificial liver (HBAL) system in the treatment of acute liver failure. METHODS: Canine models with acute liver failure were introduced with intravenous administ...AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a hybrid bioartificial liver (HBAL) system in the treatment of acute liver failure. METHODS: Canine models with acute liver failure were introduced with intravenous administration of D-galactosamine. The animals were divided into: the HBAL treatment group (n = 8), in which the canines received a 3-h treatment of HBAL; the bioartificial liver (BAL) treatment group (n = 8), in which the canines received a 3-h treatment of BAL; the non-bioartificial liver (NBAL) treatment group (n = 8), in which the canines received a 3-h treatment of NBAL; the control group (n = 8), in which the canines received no additional treatment. Biochemical parameters and survival time were determined. Levels of xenoantibodies, RNA of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in the plasma were detected. RESULTS: Biochemical parameters were significantly decreased in all treatment groups. The TBIL level in the HBAL group was lower than that in other groups (2.19 ± 0.55 mmol/L vs 24.2 ± 6.45 mmol/L, 12.47 ± 3.62 mmol/L, 3.77 ± 1.83 mmol/L, P < 0.05). The prothrombin time (PT) in the BAL and HBAL groups was significantly shorter than the NBAL and control groups (18.47 ± 4.41 s, 15.5 ± 1.56 s vs 28.67 ± 5.71 s, 21.71 ± 3.4 s, P < 0.05), and the PT in the HBAL group was shortest of all the groups. The albumin in the BAL and HBAL groups significantly increased and a significantly higher level was observed in the HBAL group compared with the BAL group (27.7 ± 1.7 g/L vs 25.24 ± 1.93 g/L). In the HBAL group, the ammonia levels significantly decreased from 54.37 ± 6.86 to 37.75 ± 6.09 after treatment (P < 0.05); there were significant difference in ammonia levels between other the groups (P < 0.05). The levels of antibodies were similar before and after treatment. The PERV RNA and the RT activity in the canine plasma were all negative. CONCLUSION: The HBAL showed great efficiency and safety in the treatment of acute liver failure.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Nos.2017YFA0104302(to NG and XM)and 2017YFA0104304(to BW and ZZ)
文摘Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in humans remain unclear,including cell viability,distribution,migration,and fate.Conventional cell tracing methods cannot be used in the clinic.The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents allows for the observation of transplanted cells using magnetic resonance imaging.In 2016,the National Medical Products Administration of China approved a new superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle,Ruicun,for use as a contrast agent in clinical trials.In the present study,an acute hemi-transection spinal cord injury model was established in beagle dogs.The injury was then treated by transplantation of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells.The results indicated that Ruicunlabeled mesenchymal stromal cells repaired damaged spinal cord fibers and partially restored neurological function in animals with acute spinal cord injury.T2*-weighted imaging revealed low signal areas on both sides of the injured spinal cord.The results of quantitative susceptibility mapping with ultrashort echo time sequences indicated that Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells persisted stably within the injured spinal cord for over 4 weeks.These findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to effectively track the migration of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells and assess their ability to repair spinal cord injury.
基金the Southeast University and Nanjing Medical University Cooperation ProjectScene Ray Co., Ltd. for the financial supportfounded by the National Key Reserch and Development Program of China (No.2017YFA0205304)。
文摘In the physiological environment, nanoparticles(NPs) interact with proteins to form a protein-rich layer on the surface which is called "protein corona". Understanding and analyzing the formation process of protein corona and protein corona-nanoparticles is of great significance for biological related nano research. Many separation techniques have been used to analyze the composition of protein corona, but in situ analysis of protein corona is still absent. With the development of detection technology, sum frequency generation(SFG) is an effective instrument to analyze the surface protein structure and dynamic changes of protein corona in situ. In this work the molecular mechanism and surface structure effect of the interaction between nanoparticles with surface protein corona(S-NPP) and phospholipid membrane were studied. When S-NPP interacts with phospholipid membrane, the bond affinity network formed by the binding water can stabilize S-NPP around the lipid bilayer. In this process, S-NPP can be found wrapped in the hydration shell. This ultimately leads to a more moderate interaction between particles and phospholipid membrane.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0710800)the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930043and 82330055)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101184).
文摘Tubular microfibers have recently attracted extensive interest for applications in tissue engineering.However,the fabrication of tubular fibers with intricate hierarchical structures remains a major challenge.Here,we present a novel one-step microfluidic spinning method to generate bio-inspired screwed conduits(BSCs).Based on the microfluidic rope-coiling effect,a viscous hydrogel precursor is first curved into a helix stream in the channel,and then consecutively packed as a hollow structured stream and gelated into a screwed conduit(SC)via ionic and covalent crosslinking.By taking advantage of the excellent fluid-controlling ability of microfluidics,various tubes with diverse structures are fabricated via simple control over fluid velocities and multiple microfluidic device designs.The perfusability and permeability results,as well as the encapsulation and culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells(HPAs),and myogenic cells(C2C12),demonstrate that these SCs have good perfusability and permeability and the ability to induce the formation of functional biostructures.These features support the uniqueness and potential applications of these BSCs as biomimetic blood vessels and bronchiole tissues in combination with tissue microstructures,with likely application possibilities in biomedical engineering.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1105304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2225003 and 61927805)+5 种基金the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(ZKX21019)the Clinical Trials from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(2022-LCYJ-ZD-01)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023ZB032)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240223)the Project of Institute of Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University(ICM2024011)the Aid Project of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Health,Education&Research Foundation.
文摘The emerging messenger RNA(mRNA)nanomedicines have sprung up for disease treatment.Developing targeted mRNA nanomedicines has become a thrilling research hotspot in recent years,as they can be precisely delivered to specific organs or tissues to enhance efficiency and avoid side effects.Herein,we give a comprehensive review on the latest research progress of mRNA nanomedicines with targeting functions.mRNA and its carriers are first described in detail.Then,mechanisms of passive targeting,endogenous targeting,and active targeting are outlined,with a focus on various biological barriers that mRNA may encounter during in vivo delivery.Next,emphasis is placed on summarizing mRNA-based organtargeting strategies.Lastly,the advantages and challenges of mRNA nanomedicines in clinical translation are mentioned.This review is expected to inspire researchers in this field and drive further development of mRNA targeting technology.
基金supported by the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2023R01002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271629,82301790)。
文摘Aging and regeneration represent complex biological phenomena that have long captivated the scientific community.To fully comprehend these processes,it is essential to investigate molecular dynamics through a lens that encompasses both spatial and temporal dimensions.Conventional omics methodologies,such as genomics and transcriptomics,have been instrumental in identifying critical molecular facets of aging and regeneration.However,these methods are somewhat limited,constrained by their spatial resolution and their lack of capacity to dynamically represent tissue alterations.The advent of emerging spatiotemporal multi-omics approaches,encompassing transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenomics,furnishes comprehensive insights into these intricate molecular dynamics.These sophisticated techniques facilitate accurate delineation of molecular patterns across an array of cells,tissues,and organs,thereby offering an in-depth understanding of the fundamental mechanisms at play.This review meticulously examines the significance of spatiotemporal multi-omics in the realms of aging and regeneration research.It underscores how these methodologies augment our comprehension of molecular dynamics,cellular interactions,and signaling pathways.Initially,the review delineates the foundational principles underpinning these methods,followed by an evaluation of their recent applications within the field.The review ultimately concludes by addressing the prevailing challenges and projecting future advancements in the field.Indubitably,spatiotemporal multi-omics are instrumental in deciphering the complexities inherent in aging and regeneration,thus charting a course toward potential therapeutic innovations.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0501602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61801108 and 81801478)
文摘Over the past decade,there has been increasing attention on the interaction between microbiota and bile acid metabolism.Bile acids are not only involved in the metabolism of nutrients,but are also important in signal transduction for the regulation of host physiological activities.Microbial-regulated bile acid metabolism has been proven to affect many diseases,but there have not been many studies of disease regulation by microbial receptor signaling pathways.This review considers findings of recent research on the core roles of farnesoid X receptor(FXR),G protein-coupled bile acid receptor(TGR5),and vitamin D receptor(VDR)signaling pathways in microbial–host interactions in health and disease.Studying the relationship between these pathways can help us understand the pathogenesis of human diseases,and lead to new solutions for their treatments.
文摘Dear Editor, Nanosized particulate systems combining better cancer diagnosis with therapeutic effect are being designed based on the merging of nanotechnology with cellular and molecular techniques. The surface of these nanoscale carriers is often functionalized with biological molecules for stabilization and targeted delivery. The combinations of nano-core and associated functional molecules can cross the cell membrane [1], and the surface of nanomaterials （including coating and associated functional molecules） plays a critical role in determining the outcome of their interactions with cells [2, 3]. Studying the potential effects of nanomaterials in biological systems often requires the administration of nanoparticles into a cell culture system or into living organisms in vivo. It should be noted, however, that under such conditions nanopaticles are known to adsorb proteins from the biological system,
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 90406023 and 60571031）；National Important Science Research Program of China （Nos. 2006CB933206 and 2006CB705606）.
文摘Peroxidase-like catalytic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparficles （NPs） with three different sizes, synthesized by chemical coprecipitation and sol-gel methods, were investigated by UV-vis spectrum analysis. By comparing Fe3O4 NPs with average diameters of 11, 20, and 150 nm, we found that the catalytic activity increases with the reduced nanoparticle size. The electrochemical method to characterize the catalytic activity of Fe3O4 NPs using the response currents of the reaction product and substrate was also developed.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0700500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62172202)+1 种基金the Experiment Project of ChinaManned Space Program(No.HYZHXM01019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities from Southeast University(No.3207032101C3).
文摘In modern terminology,“organoids”refer to cells that grow in a specific three-dimensional(3D)environment in vitro,sharing similar structures with their source organs or tissues.Observing themorphology or growth characteristics of organoids through a microscope is a commonly used method of organoid analysis.However,it is difficult,time-consuming,and inaccurate to screen and analyze organoids only manually,a problem which cannot be easily solved with traditional technology.Artificial intelligence(AI)technology has proven to be effective in many biological and medical research fields,especially in the analysis of single-cell or hematoxylin/eosin stained tissue slices.When used to analyze organoids,AI should also provide more efficient,quantitative,accurate,and fast solutions.In this review,we will first briefly outline the application areas of organoids and then discuss the shortcomings of traditional organoid measurement and analysis methods.Secondly,we will summarize the development from machine learning to deep learning and the advantages of the latter,and then describe how to utilize a convolutional neural network to solve the challenges in organoid observation and analysis.Finally,we will discuss the limitations of current AI used in organoid research,as well as opportunities and future research directions.
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51832001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Key Project of International Cooperation (Grant No.61420106012)
文摘Cancer immunotherapy is an artificial stimulation of the immune system to recognize cancer cells and activate specific immune cells to target and attack cancer cells.In clinical trials, immunotherapy has recently shown impressive results in the treatment of multiple cancers.Thus, cancer immunotherapy has gained a lot of attention for its unique advantages and promising future.With extensive research on cancer immunotherapy, its safety and effectiveness has gradually been revealed.However, it is still a huge challenge to expand and drive this therapy while maintaining low toxicity, high specificity, and long-lasting efficacy.As a unique technology, nanotechnology has been applied in many fields, the advantages of which will promote the development of cancer immunotherapies.Researchers have tried to apply nanomaterials to cancer immunotherapy due to their advantageous properties,such as large specific surface areas, effective drug delivery, and controlled surface chemistry, to improve treatment efficacy.Here,we briefly introduce the current applications of nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy, including adoptive cell therapy(ACT),therapeutic cancer vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies, and throw light on future directions of nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapy.
基金supported by Jiangsu Science and Technology Department(No.BG2007044)Jiangsu Preventive Medicine Foundation(No.Y2006025).
文摘A rapid and simple preconcentration step applying packed-fiber solid-phase extraction columns has been investigated to vitamin B12. The extraction performance of the new method was investigated preliminarily on vitamin functional drink. The analysis used a reversed-phase C18 column, with a photo-diode array detector at 220 nm. The samples were preconcentrated with packed-fiber solid-phase extraction columns. Good linearity was observed in vitamin functional drink. The repeatability of extraction performance, expressed as relative standard deviations, was from 3.5% to 4.3%. The limit of detection （LOD） is 5 ng mL^-1 （S/N = 3）. Finally, the method had been applied for the determination of vitamin B12 in vitamin functional drink.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51172043)the Doctor Research Starting Fund of Jinling Institute of Technology(No.JITB-201307)the Social Developing Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2011797)
文摘C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 hollow spheres （labeled as C,N,S-THs） were synthesized using carbon spheres as template and C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 nanoparticles as building blocks. The structure and physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X- ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum （DRS）, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and Photoluminescence emission spectroscopy （PL）. The results showed that the hollow spheres had average diameter of about 200 nm and the shell thickness was about 20 nm. The tridoped TiO2 hollow spheres exhibited strong absorption in the visible-light region. C,N,S-tridoped could narrow the band gap of the THs by mixing the orbit O 2p with C 2p, N 2p and S 3p orbits and shift its optical response from ultraviolet （UV） to the visible-light region. PL analysis indicated that the electron-hole recombination rate of TiO2 hollow spheres had been effectively inhibited when doped with C, N and S elements. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated for the degradation of X-3B （Reactive Brilliant Red dye, C.I. Reactive Red 2） aqueous solution under visible-light （λ 〉 420 nm） irradiation. It was found that the C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 hollow spheres indicated higher photocatalytic activity than commercial P25 and the undoped counterpart photocatalyst.
基金This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(81830040 to Z.J.Z.)National Key Projects for Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1306700 to Z.J.Z.,2017YFA0104302 to N.G.,and 2017YFA0104301 to J.F.S.)Program of Excellent Talents in Medical Science of Jiangsu Province(JCRCA2016006 to Z.J.Z.)。
文摘Magnetic brain stimulation has greatly contributed to the advancement of neuroscience.However,challenges remain in the power of penetration and precision of magnetic stimulation,especially in small animals.Here,a novel combined magnetic stimulation system(c-MSS)was established for brain stimulation in mice.The c-MSS uses a mild magnetic pulse sequence and injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)nanodrugs to elevate local cortical susceptibility.After imaging of the SPIO nanoparticles in the left prelimbic(Pr L)cortex in mice,we determined their safety and physical characteristics.Depressive-like behavior was established in mice using a chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)model.SPIO nanodrugs were then delivered precisely to the left Pr L cortex using in situ injection.A 0.1 T magnetic field(adjustable frequency)was used for magnetic stimulation(5 min/session,two sessions daily).Biomarkers representing therapeutic effects were measured before and after c-MSS intervention.Results showed that c-MSS rapidly improved depressive-like symptoms in CUMS mice after stimulation with a 10 Hz field for 5 d,combined with increased brainderived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and inactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis function,which enhanced neuronal activity due to SPIO nanoparticle-mediated effects.The c-MSS was safe and effective,representing a novel approach in the selective stimulation of arbitrary cortical targets in small animals,playing a bioelectric role in neural circuit regulation,including antidepressant effects in CUMS mice.This expands the potential applications of magnetic stimulation and progresses brain research towards clinical application.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFA0205301)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81902153,61527806 and 81430055)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province (No.BE2019761)Programs for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT_15R13)open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases (No.SKLOD20190F03)
文摘Canine parvovirus type 2(CPV-2) infection is the most lethal disease of dogs with higher mortality in puppies worldwide.In today’s world,dogs are an integral part of our communities as well as dogs breeding and rearing has become a lucrative business.Therefore,a fast,accurate,portable,and costeffective CPV-2 detection method with the ability for on-site detection is highly desired.In this study,we for the first time proposed a nanosystem for CPV-2 DNA detection with RNA-guided RNA endonuclease Cas13 a,which upon activation results in collateral RNA degradation.We expressed LwCasl3 a in prokaryotic expression system and purified it through nickel column.Activity of Cas13 a was verified by RNA-bound fluorescent group while using a quenched fluorescent probe as signals.Further Cas13 a was combined with Recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA) and T7 transcription to establish molecular detection system termed specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter un-locking(SHERLOCK) for sensitive detection of CPV-2 DNA.This nanosystem can detect 100 amol/L CPV-2 DNA within 30 min.The proposed nanosystem exhibited high specificity when tested for CPV-2 and other dog viruses.This CRISPR-Cas13 a mediated sensitive detection approach can be of formidable advantage during CPV-2 outbreaks because it is time-efficient,less laborious and does not involve the use of sophisticated instruments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61534003(to ZGW),81371663(to XYS)Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics in Southeast University(to XYS)+2 种基金the“226 Engineering”Research Project of Nantong Government(to XYS)“Six Talent Peaks”Project,No.SWYY-116(to XYS)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,No.KYCX18_2424(to CLT)。
文摘Functional electrical stimulation is an effective way to rebuild hindlimb motor function after spinal cord injury.However,no site map exists to serve as a reference for implanting stimulator electrodes.In this study,rat models of thoracic spinal nerve 9 contusion were established by a heavy-impact method and rat models of T6/8/9 spinal cord injury were established by a transection method.Intraspinal microstimulation was performed to record motion types,site coordinates,and threshold currents induced by stimulation.After transection(complete injury),the core region of hip flexion migrated from the T13 to T12 vertebral segment,and the core region of hip extension migrated from the L1 to T13 vertebral segment.Migration was affected by post-transection time,but not transection segment.Moreover,the longer the post-transection time,the longer the distance of migration.This study provides a reference for spinal electrode implantation after spinal cord injury.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Nantong University,China(approval No.20190225-008)on February 26,2019.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51832001 and 31800843)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0104301)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology(Grant No.SX21400213)
文摘With unique physical properties, chemical properties, and biological effects, magnetic nanomaterials are important functional materials in many fields. In the past decades, iron based magnetic nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the biomedicine field due to their superior magnetic properties and great potential in biomedical applications. In particular, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(MIONPs) have been playing a crucial role in the biomedicine field because of their diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Meanwhile, MIONPs are benign, low toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, so they are the only inorganic magnetic nanomaterials approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for clinical use at present. In this review, we mainly introduce the progress in the preparation of iron based magnetic nanomaterials for biomedical applications, including pure iron nanoparticles, iron-based alloy nanoparticles, and MIONPs, with a focus on MIONPs. Also, we summarize the preparation methods of MIONPs and point out the importance of their developments.
文摘Owing to its photonic band gap(PBG)and slow light effects,aniline black(AB)-poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)inverse opal(IO)photonic crystal(PC)was constructed to promote the utility of light and realize photothermal synergetic catalysis.As a highly efficient reaction platform with the capability of restricting heat,a microreactor was introduced to further amplify the photothermal effects of near infrared(NIR)radiation.The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO/0.5AB-PVDF IO(Z0.5A)increases 1.63-fold compared to that of pure ZnO film under a full solar spectrum,indicating the effectiveness of synergetic promotion by slow light and photothermal effects.Moreover,a 5.85-fold increase is achieved by combining Z0.5A with a microreactor compared to the film in a beaker.The photon localization effect of PVDF IO was further exemplified by finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)calculations.In conclusion,photonic crystal-microreactor enhanced photothermal catalysis has immense potential for alleviating the deteriorating water environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62074077,61921005,61974062,and 61904082)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M671441)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.19KJB510006 and 19KJB510039)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20190765)。
文摘Nonpolar(1120)plane In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N epilayers comprising the entire In content(x)range were successfully grown on nanoscale Ga N islands by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.The structural and optical properties were studied intensively.It was found that the surface morphology was gradually smoothed when x increased from 0.06 to 0.33,even though the crystalline quality was gradually declined,which was accompanied by the appearance of phase separation in the In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N layer.Photoluminescence wavelengths of 478 and 674 nm for blue and red light were achieved for x varied from 0.06 to 0.33.Furthermore,the corresponding average lifetime(τ_(1/e))of carriers for the nonpolar In Ga N film was decreased from 406 ps to 267 ps,indicating that a high-speed modulation bandwidth can be expected for nonpolar In Ga N-based light-emitting diodes.Moreover,the bowing coefficient(b)of the(1120)plane In Ga N was determined to be 1.91 e V for the bandgap energy as a function of x.
基金support provided by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (No. 2006CB601201)supports from the Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 200802941010)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hohai University (No. 2008428011)the Scientific Research Startup Fund of Hohai University(No. 2084140801109)
文摘The open-cell Al foam core sandwiches（AFCSs） were successfully fabricated by using a specially designed Zn-Al-Cu based filler alloy via vibration aided liquid phase bonding method.The effects of the vibration on the bonding seam were investigated and the bonding strength between Al foam core and solid Al alloy face sheet was tested by shearing tests.The results show that vibration can significantly improve the quality of the bonding and the shearing strength of the bonding seam,which implies that this joining method has a good potential in practical applications.
基金Supported by A grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30772129
文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a hybrid bioartificial liver (HBAL) system in the treatment of acute liver failure. METHODS: Canine models with acute liver failure were introduced with intravenous administration of D-galactosamine. The animals were divided into: the HBAL treatment group (n = 8), in which the canines received a 3-h treatment of HBAL; the bioartificial liver (BAL) treatment group (n = 8), in which the canines received a 3-h treatment of BAL; the non-bioartificial liver (NBAL) treatment group (n = 8), in which the canines received a 3-h treatment of NBAL; the control group (n = 8), in which the canines received no additional treatment. Biochemical parameters and survival time were determined. Levels of xenoantibodies, RNA of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in the plasma were detected. RESULTS: Biochemical parameters were significantly decreased in all treatment groups. The TBIL level in the HBAL group was lower than that in other groups (2.19 ± 0.55 mmol/L vs 24.2 ± 6.45 mmol/L, 12.47 ± 3.62 mmol/L, 3.77 ± 1.83 mmol/L, P < 0.05). The prothrombin time (PT) in the BAL and HBAL groups was significantly shorter than the NBAL and control groups (18.47 ± 4.41 s, 15.5 ± 1.56 s vs 28.67 ± 5.71 s, 21.71 ± 3.4 s, P < 0.05), and the PT in the HBAL group was shortest of all the groups. The albumin in the BAL and HBAL groups significantly increased and a significantly higher level was observed in the HBAL group compared with the BAL group (27.7 ± 1.7 g/L vs 25.24 ± 1.93 g/L). In the HBAL group, the ammonia levels significantly decreased from 54.37 ± 6.86 to 37.75 ± 6.09 after treatment (P < 0.05); there were significant difference in ammonia levels between other the groups (P < 0.05). The levels of antibodies were similar before and after treatment. The PERV RNA and the RT activity in the canine plasma were all negative. CONCLUSION: The HBAL showed great efficiency and safety in the treatment of acute liver failure.
