Withania somnifera(L.)Dunal(WS),or Ashwagandha,is used clinically against arthritis,anxiety and insomnia etc,however,its potential in aquafeeds is largely unexplored.We investigated the stress-alleviation and hepatopr...Withania somnifera(L.)Dunal(WS),or Ashwagandha,is used clinically against arthritis,anxiety and insomnia etc,however,its potential in aquafeeds is largely unexplored.We investigated the stress-alleviation and hepatoprotective mechanisms of dietary WS supplementation in adult female darkbarbel catfish.Fish were fed with WS dietary for 5 weeks,subjected to a physical stressor(saline injection),and sampled.Brain were processed for RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)linked to stress;serum were assayed for stress-and immune-related biochemical markers;livers were examined for lipid content(Oil Red O staining)and proliferation(PCNA immunos-taining).Network pharmacology were employed to construct a"compound-target"net-work:The bioactive compounds of WS were retrieved from ChEBI and PCIDB,probable targets predicted via Swiss Target Prediction,and the“WS-ingredient-target”regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape;key ligand-protein interactions were validated by molecular docking.Findings were replicated in juvenile fish and in SG3 cells challenged with Withanolide A.Physical stress evoked 1451 DEGs in control brains,whereas WS-supplemented reduced this to 397,indicating marked mitigation of the oxid-ative-and immune-stress response.Network pharmacology and molecular docking pre-dicted that 13 bioactive compounds in WS,especially Withanolide A and Withanolide J,can interact with targets such as MAPK8,CRHR1,NR3C2,and IARS1,being associated with stress and liver function regulation respectively.Moreover,it was proved that Withanolide A could significantly modulate stress response in juveniles and enhanced pro-liferation potency of SG3 cells.Intriguingly,in theadult female darkbarbel catfish,dietary WS lowered serum cortisol,glucose,ROS,TNF-α,and IL-6(P<0.05),up-regulated hepatocyte PCNA expression,and allievated stress-induced liver injury.These findings provide novel insights and vital basis for elucidating the mechanisms whereby herbs,including WS act in stress-relief and hepatoprotection in darkbarbel catfish.And provide a framework for advancing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)applications in aquaculture.展开更多
The Chinese longsnout catfish(Leiocassis longirostris Günther)is one of the most economically important freshwater fish in China.As wild populations have declined sharply in recent years,it is also a valuable mod...The Chinese longsnout catfish(Leiocassis longirostris Günther)is one of the most economically important freshwater fish in China.As wild populations have declined sharply in recent years,it is also a valuable model for research on sexual dimorphism,comparative biology,and conservation.However,the current lack of high-quality chromosome-level genome information for the species hinders the advancement of comparative genomic analysis and evolutionary studies.Therefore,we constructed the first high-quality chromosomelevel reference genome for L.longirostris.The total genome was 703.19 Mb,with 389 contigs and contig N50 length of 4.29 Mb.Using high-throughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)data,the genome sequences(685.53 Mb)were scaffolded into 26 chromosomes ranging from 17.36 to 43.97 Mb,resulting in a chromosomal anchoring rate for the genome of 97.44%.In total,23708 protein-coding genes were identified in the genome.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that L.longirostris and its closest related species P.fulvidraco diverged approximately 26.6 million years ago.This highquality reference genome of L.longirostris should pave the way for future genomic comparisons and evolutionary research.展开更多
The Yarlung Tsangpo River on the Tibetan Plateau provides a unique natural environment for studying fish evolution and ecology.However,the genomes and genetic diversity of plateau fish species have been rarely reporte...The Yarlung Tsangpo River on the Tibetan Plateau provides a unique natural environment for studying fish evolution and ecology.However,the genomes and genetic diversity of plateau fish species have been rarely reported.Schizopygopsis younghusbandi,a highly specialized Schizothoracine species and economically important fish inhabiting the Yarlung Tsangpo River,is threatened by overfishing and biological invasion.Herein,we generated a chromosome-level genome of S.younghusbandi and whole-genome resequencing data for 59 individuals from six locations of the river.The results showed that the divergence time between S.younghusbandi and other primitive Schizothoracine species was~4.2 Mya,coinciding with the major phase of the Neogene Tibetan uplift.The expanded gene families enriched in DNA integration and replication,ion binding and transport,energy storage,and metabolism likely contribute to the adaption of this species.The S.younghusbandi may have diverged from other highly specialized Schizothoracine species in the Zanda basin during the Pliocene epoch,which underwent major population reduction possibly due to the drastic climate change during the last glacial period.Population analysis indicated that the ancient population might have originated upstream before gradually adapting to evolve into the populations inhabiting the mid-stream and downstream regions of the Yarlung Tsangpo River.In conclusion,the chromosome-level genome and population diversity of S.younghusbandi provide valuable genetic resources for the evolution,ecology,and conservation studies of endemic fishes on the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
The Cypriniformes comprise approximately 4,200 species accounting for 25% of the diversity of all freshwater fish, which is widely distributed across the world's continents except Antarctica, South America, and Au...The Cypriniformes comprise approximately 4,200 species accounting for 25% of the diversity of all freshwater fish, which is widely distributed across the world's continents except Antarctica, South America, and Australia. The highest species diversity is found in Southeastern Asia. Despite its remarkable species diversity and broad-scale geographic patterns of distribution, the evolutionary history of this major freshwater fish group remains largely unresolved. To gain insight of the evolutionary history of Cypriniformes, we present a phylogeny of this group using 1 mitochondrial gene and 15 nuclear genes comprising a total of14,061 bp. Bayesian inference using all gene fragments yielded a well resolved phylogeny, which is mostly consistent with topologies obtained from Maximum Likelihood analyses. Our results further confirmed the monophyly of Cypriniformes and seven constituent subclades including Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Gyrinocheilidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Nemacheilidae, and Botiidae. Bayesian divergence time analysis indicated that the origin of the Cypriniformes was about 193 Mya during the early Jurassic, coinciding with the onset of the Pangaea breakup. The basal divergence of Cypriniformes is 154 Mya during the late Jurassic. Our findings from molecular divergence and biogeographical analysis indicate the most likely initial geographical range of the ancient Cypriniformes was both East and South Asia(Southeastern area of Mesozoic Laurasia). Moreover, the burst in species diversity in Cyprinidae afforded by the nearly worldwide colonization is possibly in response to the plasticity of pharyngeal dentition. The present study demonstrates that the Cypriniformes was about 193 Mya during the early Jurassic,coinciding with the onset of the Pangaea breakup. The plasticity of pharyngeal dentition of cyprinids might contribute to the burst and radiation of this lineage. The phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses in this study help to improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of this diverse and important freshwater fish group.展开更多
Spermatogenesis is a complex process in which spermatogonial stem cells differentiate and develop into mature spermatozoa.The transcriptional regulatory network involved in fish spermatogenesis remains poorly understo...Spermatogenesis is a complex process in which spermatogonial stem cells differentiate and develop into mature spermatozoa.The transcriptional regulatory network involved in fish spermatogenesis remains poorly understood.Here,we demonstrate in Nile tilapia that the Sox transcription factor family member Sox30 is specifically expressed in the testes and mainly localizes to spermatocytes and spermatids.CRISPR/Cas9-mediated sox30 mutation results in abnormal spermiogenesis,reduction of sperm motility,and male subfertility.Comparative transcriptome analysis shows that sox30 mutation alters the expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis.Further chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing(Ch IP-seq),Ch IP-PCR,and luciferase reporter assays revealed that Sox30 positively regulates the transcription of ift140 and ptprb,two genes involved in spermiogenesis,by directly binding to their promoters.Our data,taken together,indicate that Sox30 plays an essential role in Nile tilapia spermatogenesis by directly regulating the transcription of the spermiogenesis-related genes ift140 and ptprb.展开更多
The impact of sex chromosomes and their turnover in speciation remains a subject of ongoing debate in the field of evolutionary biology.Fishes are the largest group of vertebrates,and they exhibit unparalleled sexual ...The impact of sex chromosomes and their turnover in speciation remains a subject of ongoing debate in the field of evolutionary biology.Fishes are the largest group of vertebrates,and they exhibit unparalleled sexual plasticity,as well as diverse sex-determining(SD)genes,sex chromosomes,and sex-determination mechanisms.This diversity is hypothesized to be associated with the frequent turnover of sex chromosomes in fishes.Although it is evident that amh and amhr2 are repeatedly and independently recruited as SD genes,their relationship with the rapid turnover of sex chromosomes and the biodiversity of fishes remains unknown.We summarize the canonical models of sex chromosome turnover and highlight the vital roles of gene mutation and hybridization with empirical evidence.We revisit Haldane’s rule and the large Xeffect and propose the hypothesis that sex chromosomes accelerate speciation by multiplying genotypes via hybridization.By integrating recent findings on the turnover of SD genes,sex chromosomes,and sexdetermination systems in fish species,this review provides insights into the relationship between sex chromosome evolution and biodiversity in fishes.展开更多
Fish skin is mainly composed of the epidermis,dermis,and its derivative scales.There is a wide diversity in scale number in fishes,but the diversity of skin structure lacks systematic histological comparison.This rese...Fish skin is mainly composed of the epidermis,dermis,and its derivative scales.There is a wide diversity in scale number in fishes,but the diversity of skin structure lacks systematic histological comparison.This research aimed to improve our understanding of the functional relationship between the scale number and the skin structure in freshwater fishes and to determine which ecological factors affect the scale number and skin structure.First,we presented a method to quantify skin structure in fish and histologically quantified the skin structure of 54 freshwater fishes.Second,we collected the scale number and habitat information of 509 Cyprinidae fishes in China and explored which ecological factors were related to their scale number.Third,common carp and scaleless carp were used as models to study the effects of scale loss on swimming.We found a strong negative correlation between scale thickness and scale number.The main factor affecting the skin structure of fishes was the species’water column position,and the skin of benthic fishes was the most well-developed(thicker skin layers(dermis,epidermis)or more/larger goblet cells and club cells).The scale number was related to two factors,namely,temperature and water column position,and cold,benthic and pelagic adaptation may have contributed to increased scale numbers.Only in benthic fishes,the more well-developed their skin,the more scales.In common carp,scale loss did not affect its swimming performance.In summary,we suggest that there is a rich diversity of skin structure in freshwater fishes,and the scales of fish with well-developed skin tend to degenerate(greater number/smaller size/thinner,or even disappear),but the skin of fish with degenerated scales is not necessarily well developed.展开更多
The role of glucocorticoids in oogenesis remains to be elucidated. cyp11c1 encodes the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of cortisol, the major glucocorticoid in teleosts. In our previous study, we mutated cyp11c1 ...The role of glucocorticoids in oogenesis remains to be elucidated. cyp11c1 encodes the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of cortisol, the major glucocorticoid in teleosts. In our previous study, we mutated cyp11c1 in tilapia and analyzed its role in spermatogenesis. In this study, we analyzed its role in oogenesis. cyp11c1^(+/-)XX tilapia showed normal ovarian morphology but poor egg quality, as indicated by the mortality of embryos before 3 d post fertilization, which could be partially rescued by the supplement of exogenous cortisol to the mother fish. Transcriptome analyses revealed reduced expression of maternal genes in the eggs of the cyp11c1^(+/-)XX fish. The cyp11c1^(-/-)females showed impaired vitellogenesis and arrested oogenesis due to significantly decreased serum cortisol. Further analyses revealed decreased serum E2 level and expression of amh, an important regulator of follicular cell development, and increased follicular cell apoptosis in the ovaries of cyp11c1^(-/-)XX fish, which could be rescued by supplement of either exogenous cortisol or E2. Luciferase assays revealed a direct regulation of cortisol and E2 on amh transcription via GRs or ESRs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cortisol safeguards oogenesis by promoting follicular cell survival probably via Amh signaling.展开更多
Gene editing nucleases including zinc-finger nucleases(ZFNs), transcription activator like effector nucleases(TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated(Cas) syste...Gene editing nucleases including zinc-finger nucleases(ZFNs), transcription activator like effector nucleases(TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated(Cas) system(CRISPR/Cas9) provide powerful tools that improve our ability to understand the physiological processes and their underlying mechanisms. To date, these approaches have already been widely used to generate knockout and knockin models in a large number of species. Fishes comprise nearly half of extant vertebrate species and provide excellent models for studying many aspects of biology. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in the use of gene editing nucleases for studies of fish species. We focus particularly on the use of TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for studying sex determination in tilapia.展开更多
文摘Withania somnifera(L.)Dunal(WS),or Ashwagandha,is used clinically against arthritis,anxiety and insomnia etc,however,its potential in aquafeeds is largely unexplored.We investigated the stress-alleviation and hepatoprotective mechanisms of dietary WS supplementation in adult female darkbarbel catfish.Fish were fed with WS dietary for 5 weeks,subjected to a physical stressor(saline injection),and sampled.Brain were processed for RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)linked to stress;serum were assayed for stress-and immune-related biochemical markers;livers were examined for lipid content(Oil Red O staining)and proliferation(PCNA immunos-taining).Network pharmacology were employed to construct a"compound-target"net-work:The bioactive compounds of WS were retrieved from ChEBI and PCIDB,probable targets predicted via Swiss Target Prediction,and the“WS-ingredient-target”regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape;key ligand-protein interactions were validated by molecular docking.Findings were replicated in juvenile fish and in SG3 cells challenged with Withanolide A.Physical stress evoked 1451 DEGs in control brains,whereas WS-supplemented reduced this to 397,indicating marked mitigation of the oxid-ative-and immune-stress response.Network pharmacology and molecular docking pre-dicted that 13 bioactive compounds in WS,especially Withanolide A and Withanolide J,can interact with targets such as MAPK8,CRHR1,NR3C2,and IARS1,being associated with stress and liver function regulation respectively.Moreover,it was proved that Withanolide A could significantly modulate stress response in juveniles and enhanced pro-liferation potency of SG3 cells.Intriguingly,in theadult female darkbarbel catfish,dietary WS lowered serum cortisol,glucose,ROS,TNF-α,and IL-6(P<0.05),up-regulated hepatocyte PCNA expression,and allievated stress-induced liver injury.These findings provide novel insights and vital basis for elucidating the mechanisms whereby herbs,including WS act in stress-relief and hepatoprotection in darkbarbel catfish.And provide a framework for advancing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)applications in aquaculture.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2017B008,XDJK2017C035,XDJK2019C025,5360300098)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0438)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071651)。
文摘The Chinese longsnout catfish(Leiocassis longirostris Günther)is one of the most economically important freshwater fish in China.As wild populations have declined sharply in recent years,it is also a valuable model for research on sexual dimorphism,comparative biology,and conservation.However,the current lack of high-quality chromosome-level genome information for the species hinders the advancement of comparative genomic analysis and evolutionary studies.Therefore,we constructed the first high-quality chromosomelevel reference genome for L.longirostris.The total genome was 703.19 Mb,with 389 contigs and contig N50 length of 4.29 Mb.Using high-throughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)data,the genome sequences(685.53 Mb)were scaffolded into 26 chromosomes ranging from 17.36 to 43.97 Mb,resulting in a chromosomal anchoring rate for the genome of 97.44%.In total,23708 protein-coding genes were identified in the genome.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that L.longirostris and its closest related species P.fulvidraco diverged approximately 26.6 million years ago.This highquality reference genome of L.longirostris should pave the way for future genomic comparisons and evolutionary research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 32160864,32072980]the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Joint Fund Priority Support Program[grant number U23A20249]+1 种基金the National Talent Research Grant for 2023[grant number 5330500953]the Special Fund for Youth Team of the Southwest University[grant number SWUXJPY202302].
文摘The Yarlung Tsangpo River on the Tibetan Plateau provides a unique natural environment for studying fish evolution and ecology.However,the genomes and genetic diversity of plateau fish species have been rarely reported.Schizopygopsis younghusbandi,a highly specialized Schizothoracine species and economically important fish inhabiting the Yarlung Tsangpo River,is threatened by overfishing and biological invasion.Herein,we generated a chromosome-level genome of S.younghusbandi and whole-genome resequencing data for 59 individuals from six locations of the river.The results showed that the divergence time between S.younghusbandi and other primitive Schizothoracine species was~4.2 Mya,coinciding with the major phase of the Neogene Tibetan uplift.The expanded gene families enriched in DNA integration and replication,ion binding and transport,energy storage,and metabolism likely contribute to the adaption of this species.The S.younghusbandi may have diverged from other highly specialized Schizothoracine species in the Zanda basin during the Pliocene epoch,which underwent major population reduction possibly due to the drastic climate change during the last glacial period.Population analysis indicated that the ancient population might have originated upstream before gradually adapting to evolve into the populations inhabiting the mid-stream and downstream regions of the Yarlung Tsangpo River.In conclusion,the chromosome-level genome and population diversity of S.younghusbandi provide valuable genetic resources for the evolution,ecology,and conservation studies of endemic fishes on the Tibetan Plateau.
基金supported by the Pilot projects(XDB13020100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372190,91131014,31502147)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Ministry of Education of China)(XDJK2018B025)
文摘The Cypriniformes comprise approximately 4,200 species accounting for 25% of the diversity of all freshwater fish, which is widely distributed across the world's continents except Antarctica, South America, and Australia. The highest species diversity is found in Southeastern Asia. Despite its remarkable species diversity and broad-scale geographic patterns of distribution, the evolutionary history of this major freshwater fish group remains largely unresolved. To gain insight of the evolutionary history of Cypriniformes, we present a phylogeny of this group using 1 mitochondrial gene and 15 nuclear genes comprising a total of14,061 bp. Bayesian inference using all gene fragments yielded a well resolved phylogeny, which is mostly consistent with topologies obtained from Maximum Likelihood analyses. Our results further confirmed the monophyly of Cypriniformes and seven constituent subclades including Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Gyrinocheilidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Nemacheilidae, and Botiidae. Bayesian divergence time analysis indicated that the origin of the Cypriniformes was about 193 Mya during the early Jurassic, coinciding with the onset of the Pangaea breakup. The basal divergence of Cypriniformes is 154 Mya during the late Jurassic. Our findings from molecular divergence and biogeographical analysis indicate the most likely initial geographical range of the ancient Cypriniformes was both East and South Asia(Southeastern area of Mesozoic Laurasia). Moreover, the burst in species diversity in Cyprinidae afforded by the nearly worldwide colonization is possibly in response to the plasticity of pharyngeal dentition. The present study demonstrates that the Cypriniformes was about 193 Mya during the early Jurassic,coinciding with the onset of the Pangaea breakup. The plasticity of pharyngeal dentition of cyprinids might contribute to the burst and radiation of this lineage. The phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses in this study help to improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of this diverse and important freshwater fish group.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772831 and 31302170, 31861123001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0900202)
文摘Spermatogenesis is a complex process in which spermatogonial stem cells differentiate and develop into mature spermatozoa.The transcriptional regulatory network involved in fish spermatogenesis remains poorly understood.Here,we demonstrate in Nile tilapia that the Sox transcription factor family member Sox30 is specifically expressed in the testes and mainly localizes to spermatocytes and spermatids.CRISPR/Cas9-mediated sox30 mutation results in abnormal spermiogenesis,reduction of sperm motility,and male subfertility.Comparative transcriptome analysis shows that sox30 mutation alters the expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis.Further chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing(Ch IP-seq),Ch IP-PCR,and luciferase reporter assays revealed that Sox30 positively regulates the transcription of ift140 and ptprb,two genes involved in spermiogenesis,by directly binding to their promoters.Our data,taken together,indicate that Sox30 plays an essential role in Nile tilapia spermatogenesis by directly regulating the transcription of the spermiogenesis-related genes ift140 and ptprb.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31861123001,31630082,and 32172953)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201600)+2 种基金Chongqing Fishery Technology Innovation Union(CQFTIU2024-08)the Science Foundation of School of Life Sciences SWU(20232005276101)the US National Science Foundation(DEB#1830753)。
文摘The impact of sex chromosomes and their turnover in speciation remains a subject of ongoing debate in the field of evolutionary biology.Fishes are the largest group of vertebrates,and they exhibit unparalleled sexual plasticity,as well as diverse sex-determining(SD)genes,sex chromosomes,and sex-determination mechanisms.This diversity is hypothesized to be associated with the frequent turnover of sex chromosomes in fishes.Although it is evident that amh and amhr2 are repeatedly and independently recruited as SD genes,their relationship with the rapid turnover of sex chromosomes and the biodiversity of fishes remains unknown.We summarize the canonical models of sex chromosome turnover and highlight the vital roles of gene mutation and hybridization with empirical evidence.We revisit Haldane’s rule and the large Xeffect and propose the hypothesis that sex chromosomes accelerate speciation by multiplying genotypes via hybridization.By integrating recent findings on the turnover of SD genes,sex chromosomes,and sexdetermination systems in fish species,this review provides insights into the relationship between sex chromosome evolution and biodiversity in fishes.
文摘Fish skin is mainly composed of the epidermis,dermis,and its derivative scales.There is a wide diversity in scale number in fishes,but the diversity of skin structure lacks systematic histological comparison.This research aimed to improve our understanding of the functional relationship between the scale number and the skin structure in freshwater fishes and to determine which ecological factors affect the scale number and skin structure.First,we presented a method to quantify skin structure in fish and histologically quantified the skin structure of 54 freshwater fishes.Second,we collected the scale number and habitat information of 509 Cyprinidae fishes in China and explored which ecological factors were related to their scale number.Third,common carp and scaleless carp were used as models to study the effects of scale loss on swimming.We found a strong negative correlation between scale thickness and scale number.The main factor affecting the skin structure of fishes was the species’water column position,and the skin of benthic fishes was the most well-developed(thicker skin layers(dermis,epidermis)or more/larger goblet cells and club cells).The scale number was related to two factors,namely,temperature and water column position,and cold,benthic and pelagic adaptation may have contributed to increased scale numbers.Only in benthic fishes,the more well-developed their skin,the more scales.In common carp,scale loss did not affect its swimming performance.In summary,we suggest that there is a rich diversity of skin structure in freshwater fishes,and the scales of fish with well-developed skin tend to degenerate(greater number/smaller size/thinner,or even disappear),but the skin of fish with degenerated scales is not necessarily well developed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0900202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972778, 31861123001, 31630082, 31872556)+1 种基金the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (cstc2018jscx-mszd0380, cstc2018jcyj AX0283)Yunnan Science and Technology project (2018IB019)。
文摘The role of glucocorticoids in oogenesis remains to be elucidated. cyp11c1 encodes the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of cortisol, the major glucocorticoid in teleosts. In our previous study, we mutated cyp11c1 in tilapia and analyzed its role in spermatogenesis. In this study, we analyzed its role in oogenesis. cyp11c1^(+/-)XX tilapia showed normal ovarian morphology but poor egg quality, as indicated by the mortality of embryos before 3 d post fertilization, which could be partially rescued by the supplement of exogenous cortisol to the mother fish. Transcriptome analyses revealed reduced expression of maternal genes in the eggs of the cyp11c1^(+/-)XX fish. The cyp11c1^(-/-)females showed impaired vitellogenesis and arrested oogenesis due to significantly decreased serum cortisol. Further analyses revealed decreased serum E2 level and expression of amh, an important regulator of follicular cell development, and increased follicular cell apoptosis in the ovaries of cyp11c1^(-/-)XX fish, which could be rescued by supplement of either exogenous cortisol or E2. Luciferase assays revealed a direct regulation of cortisol and E2 on amh transcription via GRs or ESRs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cortisol safeguards oogenesis by promoting follicular cell survival probably via Amh signaling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31630082 and 31602314)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing,Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (cstc2015jcyj B0248 and cstc2013kjrc-tdjs80003)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2016C157)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M570765,2016T90830)Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Xm2015028)
文摘Gene editing nucleases including zinc-finger nucleases(ZFNs), transcription activator like effector nucleases(TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated(Cas) system(CRISPR/Cas9) provide powerful tools that improve our ability to understand the physiological processes and their underlying mechanisms. To date, these approaches have already been widely used to generate knockout and knockin models in a large number of species. Fishes comprise nearly half of extant vertebrate species and provide excellent models for studying many aspects of biology. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in the use of gene editing nucleases for studies of fish species. We focus particularly on the use of TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for studying sex determination in tilapia.
