Constructing a framework carrier to stabilize protein conformation,induce high embedding efficiency,and acquire low mass-transfer resistance is an urgent issue in the development of immobilized enzymes.Hydrogen-bonded...Constructing a framework carrier to stabilize protein conformation,induce high embedding efficiency,and acquire low mass-transfer resistance is an urgent issue in the development of immobilized enzymes.Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)have promising application potential for embedding enzymes.In fact,no metal involvement is required,and HOFs exhibit superior biocompatibility,and free access to substrates in mesoporous channels.Herein,a facile in situ growth approach was proposed for the self-assembly of alcohol dehydrogenase encapsulated in HOF.The micron-scale bio-catalytic composite was rapidly synthesized under mild conditions(aqueous phase and ambient temperature)with a controllable embedding rate.The high crystallinity and periodic arrangement channels of HOF were preserved at a high enzyme encapsulation efficiency of 59%.This bio-composite improved the tolerance of the enzyme to the acid-base environment and retained 81%of its initial activity after five cycles of batch hydrogenation involving NADH coenzyme.Based on this controllably synthesized bio-catalytic material and a common lipase,we further developed a two-stage cascade microchemical system and achieved the continuous production of chiral hydroxybutyric acid(R-3-HBA).展开更多
Intelligent manufacturing(IM),a driving force behind the fourth industrial revolution,is reshaping the manufacturing sector by enhancing productivity,efficiency,and sustainability.Despite the rapid technological advan...Intelligent manufacturing(IM),a driving force behind the fourth industrial revolution,is reshaping the manufacturing sector by enhancing productivity,efficiency,and sustainability.Despite the rapid technological advancements in IM,comprehensive bibliometric reviews remain limited.This article systematically reviews the latest research in IM,addressing emerging hotspots,key technologies,and their applications across the entire product manufacturing cycle.Bibliometric analysis is employed to identify research trends visualize publication volume,collaboration patterns,research domains,co-citations,and emerging areas of interest.The article then examines key technologies supporting IM,including sensors,the Internet of Things(IoT),big data analytics,cloud computing,artificial intelligence(AI),digital twins,and virtual reality(VR)/augmented reality(AR).Furthermore,it explores the application of these technologies throughout the manufacturing cycle-from intelligent reliability design,material transportation and tracking,to intelligent planning and scheduling,machining and fabrication,monitoring and maintenance,quality inspection and control,warehousing and management,and sustainable green manufacturing—through specific case studies.Lastly,the article discusses future research directions,highlighting the increasing global market and the need for enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration,technological integration,computing power upgrades,and attention to security and privacy in IM.This study provides valuable insights for scholars and serves as a guide for future research and strategic investment decisions,offering a comprehensive view of the IM field.展开更多
With the increasing consumption of non renewable resources such as oil,the traditional polymer manufacturing industry that relies on fossil resources is facing unprecedented challenges.The design,synthesis,and recycli...With the increasing consumption of non renewable resources such as oil,the traditional polymer manufacturing industry that relies on fossil resources is facing unprecedented challenges.The design,synthesis,and recycling of renewable and environmentally friendly bio-based polymers as alternatives to petroleum based polymers have become hot topics in research and industrial fields.Biomass has been used as a raw material to design and synthesize closed-loop recyclable polymers,which is of great significance in addressing the waste of resources and negative impact on the environment in the traditional polymer preparation process.This review summarized recent advances in the design,synthesis,and properties of closed-loop recyclable bio-based polymers,focusing on the sustainability and recyclability of bio-based materials,followed by a brief discussion of the potential applications of closed-loop recyclable bio-based polymers in emerging applications such as 3D printing and friction electric nanogenerators.In addition,perspectives and recommendations for future research on closedloop recyclable bio-based polymers were presented.展开更多
Tyrosine residues in proteins can be nitrated to form 3-nitrotyrosine(3-NT)under the influence of ozone(O_(3))and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))in the air,which may introduce health impacts.A selective and sensitive enzyme-...Tyrosine residues in proteins can be nitrated to form 3-nitrotyrosine(3-NT)under the influence of ozone(O_(3))and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))in the air,which may introduce health impacts.A selective and sensitive enzyme-linked-immunoassay(ELISA)method was developed to determine 3-NT in modified model protein(bovine serum albumin,BSA)and ambient aerosol samples.The nitration degrees(NDs)of BSA in the exposure experiments with different durations were detected by both the ELISA and spectrophotometric methods(i.e.,ND_(ELISA) and ND_(SEC-PDA)),which show good coincidence.The kinetic investigation by both ΔND_(ELISA) and ΔND_(SEC-PDA) in the exposure experiments shows that the rate coefficients(k)of the pseudo-first-order kinetic rate reactions of protein nitration were comparable.These results indicate that direct detection of 3-NT by the ELISA method can be applied for laboratory exposure samples analysis for kinetic studies.Based on the selective detection of 3-NT,ND_(ELISA) provides a promising measure for the assessment of ND in model proteins.3-NT was alsomeasured in PM_(2.5) samples in summer in Guangzhou,southern China,ranging from 10.1 to 404 pg/m^(3),providing clear evidence of protein nitration in ambient aerosols.We further proposed that 3-NT/protein can be used as a proxy to evaluate protein nitration in ambient aerosols.A significant correlationwas observed between 3-NT/protein and O_(3),confirming the crucial role of O_(3) in protein nitration.Our results show that the direct detection of 3-NT by the ELISA method can be more widely applied in the laboratory and field-based studies for understanding the mechanisms of protein nitration.展开更多
The traditional nanozymes-based ratiometric fluorescence sensing platforms usually necessitate the supplementary addition of fluorescent probes,therefore greatly restricting its convenient and broad application.In thi...The traditional nanozymes-based ratiometric fluorescence sensing platforms usually necessitate the supplementary addition of fluorescent probes,therefore greatly restricting its convenient and broad application.In this study,a highly sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence platform for alkaline phosphatase(ALP)detection was established,only employing Prussian blue(PB)nanozymes and a commercially available chromogen of o-phenylenediamine(OPD).PB nanozymes with remarkable peroxidaselike(POD-like)activity can effectively catalyze OPD chromogen to yield 2,3-diaminophenazine(OPDox)with an intense yellow fluorescence at 573 nm emission peak.Target ALP can facilitate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate(AAP)dephosphorylation to generate phosphate and ascorbic acid(AA).Significantly,both these two resultant hydrolysis products could effectively decrease the OPDox generation via a dualpath based inhibition on the PB nanozymes POD-like activity.On the other hand,the generated dehydroascorbic acid(DHAA)from AA oxidation would exclusively react with OPD chromogen to yield3-(dihydroxyethyl)furo[3,4-b]quinoxaline-1-one(DFQ)with a strong blue fluorescent signal at 434nm,which further providing a significant enhancement on the sensing selectivity of ALP detection.As a result,an increased yellow fluorescence of OPDox and decreased blue fluorescence of DFQ could be clearly observed with different ALP addition.A robust linear relationship between the fluorescence ratio of F_(434)/F_(573)and ALP activity ranging from 0.25U/L to 6U/L was obtained,with a low detection limit of 0.112 U/L.This proposed method demonstrates high sensitivity,excellent selectivity,cost-effectiveness,and operational simplicity,yet enabling an effective detection of ALP levels in human serum.展开更多
In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with l...In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.展开更多
Oxidative potential(OP)can be used as an indicator of the health risks of particulate matter in the air.To study the variation and sources of OP,we conducted an observation of PM_(2.5) in a megacity in southern China ...Oxidative potential(OP)can be used as an indicator of the health risks of particulate matter in the air.To study the variation and sources of OP,we conducted an observation of PM_(2.5) in a megacity in southern China in winter and spring of 2021.The results show that the average concentration of PM_(2.5) decreased by 47%from winter to spring,while volume-normalized and mass-normalized OP(i.e.,OP_(v) and OP_(m))increased by 6%and 69%,respectively.It suggests that the decline of PM_(2.5) may not necessarily decrease the health risks and the intrinsic toxicity of PM_(2.5).Variations of OP_(v) and OP_(m) among different periods were related to the different source contributions and environmental conditions.The positive matrix factorization model was used to identify the major sources of OP_(v).OP_(v) was mainly contributed by biomass burning/industrial emissions(29%),soil/road dust(20%),secondary sulfate(14%),and coal combustion(13%)in winter.Different major sources were resolved to be secondary sulfate(36%),biological sources(21%),and marine vessels(20%)in spring,presenting the substantial contribution of biological sources.The analysis shows strong associations between OP_(v) and both live and dead bacteria,further confirming the important contribution of bioaerosols to the enhancement of OP.This study highlights the importance of understanding OP in ambient PM_(2.5) in terms of public health impact and provides a new insight into the biological contribution to OP.展开更多
Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in mariti...Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in maritime shipping using the levelized cost of energy methodology.It includes a detailed comparative analysis based on essential criteria and sensitivity assessments to highlight the economic impacts of technological advancements.Key factors influencing total costs include fuel costs,carbon pricing,and energy demands for carbon capture.The findings reveal that methanol is more cost-effective than heavy fuel oil(HFO)when priced below 3000 CNY/t,assuming HFO costs 4400 CNY/t.Additionally,methanol with post-combustion carbon capture is less expensive than pre-combustion carbon capture.When carbon prices rise above 480 CNY/t,carbon capture technologies prove more economical than purchasing carbon emission allowances for HFO and liquefied natural gas.Enhanc-ing the use of exhaust gas waste heat is recommended for cost savings.Post-combustion carbon capture also shows greater efficiency,requiring about 1.1 GJ/t less energy than pre-combustion methods,leading to lower overall costs.Future research should focus on market mechanisms to stabilize fuel prices and develop less energy-intensive carbon capture technologies.This study offers critical insights into effective decarbonization strategies for advancing global maritime trade in the present and future.展开更多
Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,a...Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al_(2)O_(3) doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr_(2)O_(3) dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) dopants leads to the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5) composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO_(2) dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5),which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.展开更多
Our previous study demonstrated that combined transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and retinal progenitor cells in rats has therapeutic effects on retinal degeneration that are superior to transplanta...Our previous study demonstrated that combined transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and retinal progenitor cells in rats has therapeutic effects on retinal degeneration that are superior to transplantation of retinal progenitor cells alone.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulate and interact with various cells in the retinal microenvironment by secreting neurotrophic factors and extracellular vesicles.Small extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,which offer low immunogenicity,minimal tumorigenic risk,and ease of transportation,have been utilized in the treatment of various neurological diseases.These vesicles exhibit various activities,including anti-inflammatory actions,promotion of tissue repair,and immune regulation.Therefore,novel strategies using human retinal progenitor cells combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles may represent an innovation in stem cell therapy for retinal degeneration.In this study,we developed such an approach utilizing retinal progenitor cells combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles to treat retinal degeneration in Royal College of Surgeons rats,a genetic model of retinal degeneration.Our findings revealed that the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles and retinal progenitor cells significantly improved visual function in these rats.The addition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles as adjuvants to stem cell transplantation with retinal progenitor cells enhanced the survival,migration,and differentiation of the exogenous retinal progenitor cells.Concurrently,these small extracellular vesicles inhibited the activation of regional microglia,promoted the migration of transplanted retinal progenitor cells to the inner nuclear layer of the retina,and facilitated their differentiation into photoreceptors and bipolar cells.These findings suggest that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of retinal progenitor cells in retinal degeneration by promoting their survival and differentiation.展开更多
Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains...Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains a confusing topic.Here we develop a hydrogen-bond-oriented interfacial super-assembly strategy to custom-tailor nanosheet-intertwined spherical carbon superstructures(SCSs)for Zn-ion storage with double-high capacitive activity and durability.Tetrachlorobenzoquinone(H-bond acceptor)and dimethylbenzidine(H-bond donator)can interact to form organic nanosheet modules,which are sequentially assembled,orientally compacted and densified into well-orchestrated superstructures through multiple H-bonds(N-H···O).Featured with rich surface-active heterodiatomic motifs,more exposed nanoporous channels,and successive charge migration paths,SCSs cathode promises high accessibility of built-in zincophilic sites and rapid ion diffusion with low energy barriers(3.3Ωs-0.5).Consequently,the assembled Zn||SCSs capacitor harvests all-round improvement in Zn-ion storage metrics,including high energy density(166 Wh kg-1),high-rate performance(172 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),and long-lasting cycling lifespan(95.5%capacity retention after 500,000 cycles).An opposite chargecarrier storage mechanism is rationalized for SCSs cathode to maximize spatial capacitive charge storage,involving high-kinetics physical Zn^(2+)/CF_(3)SO_(3)-adsorption and chemical Zn^(2+)redox with carbonyl/pyridine groups.This work gives insights into H-bond-guided interfacial superassembly design of superstructural carbons toward advanced energy storage.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment,and outcome of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy(PEHCR),a variant of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV),in a case series of Chinese patien...AIM:To evaluate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment,and outcome of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy(PEHCR),a variant of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV),in a case series of Chinese patients.METHODS:This study was retrospectively conducted from September 2018 to March 2025.Clinical examinations included color fundus photography,B-scan ultrasonography,fluorescein angiography(FA),indocyanine green angiography(ICGA),swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and two active or inactive subgroups and misdiagnosed cases were analyzed.RESULTS:Totally 19 patients(21 eyes)with a mean age of 54.3±9.4(range,36–68)y were included,with a majority of women(n=13,68.4%).The mean follow-up period was 13±1.4(range:1–57)mo.Decreased visual acuity was the most frequent initial manifestation(17 eyes,84.2%),and lesions were mainly distributed in the inferotemporal or temporal quadrant(14 eyes,66.7%),with choroidal polyps and branching neovascular networks revealed by OCTA and ICGA.Nine patients had been previously misdiagnosed with choroidal melanoma,and 6 of them had massive vitreous hemorrhage(VH).PEHCR manifested along a spectrum ranging from active or inactive subretinal hemorrhagic forms to chronic fibrotic or atrophic forms.One patient experienced natural regression.Ten eyes received a mean of 4.7±1.1(range:3–7)intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)injections,two eyes underwent vitrectomy,and six eyes were treated with vitrectomy combined with anti-VEGF therapy.Best-corrected visual acuity(logMAR)in treated eyes(18 eyes)improved to 0.31±0.25 from the baseline of 1.50±0.75(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:PEHCR is a variant of PCV.Chinese patients with PEHCR have a relatively younger age of onset.Anti-VEGF injections and/or vitrectomy are treatment options for lesion regression or dense VH to gain better visual outcomes.展开更多
AIM:To determine whether paeonol(Pae),a naturally occurring phenolic compound,can serve as an effective pharmacological inhibitor of posterior capsular opacification(PCO).METHODS:A rat model of cataract surgery—induc...AIM:To determine whether paeonol(Pae),a naturally occurring phenolic compound,can serve as an effective pharmacological inhibitor of posterior capsular opacification(PCO).METHODS:A rat model of cataract surgery—induced PCO was established,and Pae was administered via anterior chamber injection to evaluate its preventive effect on capsular opacification and fibrotic remodeling.Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)—related changes in lens epithelial cells(LECs).Ex vivo lens capsule cultures were employed to examine the expression of Vimentin and Zonula Occludens-1(ZO-1)by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.In the human LEC line SRA01/04,EMT marker expression at both mRNA and protein levels was analyzed following transforming growth factor beta 2(TGF-β2)stimulation,with Pae treatment.Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the effect of Pae on TGF-β/Smad signaling and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)activation.Molecular docking was performed to predict Pae–AMPK binding,and rescue experiments with AMPK inhibition were conducted to validate the mechanistic pathway.RESULTS:Pae significantly reduced capsular opacification and fibrotic remodeling in the rat PCO model compared with controls.In LECs,Pae markedly suppressed TGF-β2–induced EMT,evidenced by decreased expression of mesenchymal markers,such as Vimentin,Fibronectin,Collagen 1A1,α-SMA and preserved epithelial junctional protein ZO-1.Mechanistically,Pae was predicted to directly interact with the catalytic pocket of AMPK,which was experimentally confirmed by enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation(P<0.05).This activation disrupted canonical TGF-β/Smad signaling,leading to suppression of EMT.Rescue experiments using AMPK inhibition abrogated the anti-EMT effect of Pae,further validating the AMPK-dependent mechanism.CONCLUSION:Pae exerts a potent inhibitory effect on PCO formation by blocking EMT of LECs through direct activation of AMPK and subsequent disruption of TGF-β/Smad signaling.展开更多
The precise tuning of magnetic nanoparticle size and magnetic domains,thereby shaping magnetic properties.However,the dynamic evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations in relation to electromagnetic(EM)at...The precise tuning of magnetic nanoparticle size and magnetic domains,thereby shaping magnetic properties.However,the dynamic evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations in relation to electromagnetic(EM)attenuation behavior remain poorly understood.To address this gap,a thermodynamically controlled periodic coordination strategy is proposed to achieve precise modulation of magnetic nanoparticle spacing.This approach unveils the evolution of magnetic domain configurations,progressing from individual to coupled and ultimately to crosslinked domain configurations.A unique magnetic coupling phenomenon surpasses the Snoek limit in low-frequency range,which is observed through micromagnetic simulation.The crosslinked magnetic configuration achieves effective low-frequency EM wave absorption at 3.68 GHz,encompassing nearly the entire C-band.This exceptional magnetic interaction significantly enhances radar camouflage and thermal insulation properties.Additionally,a robust gradient metamaterial design extends coverage across the full band(2–40 GHz),effectively mitigating the impact of EM pollution on human health and environment.This comprehensive study elucidates the evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations,addresses gaps in dynamic magnetic modulation,and provides novel insights for the development of high-performance,low-frequency EM wave absorption materials.展开更多
A pot experiment was conducted with multi-metal （Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn） contaminated acidic soil to investigate changes in available metal burden resulting from the application of industrial wastes （fly ash and steel ...A pot experiment was conducted with multi-metal （Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn） contaminated acidic soil to investigate changes in available metal burden resulting from the application of industrial wastes （fly ash and steel slag）. The efficiency of amendments- induced metal stabilization was evaluated by diffusive gradients in thin films （DGT）, sequential extraction, and plant uptake. The stability of remediation was assessed by an acidification test and by chemical equilibrium modeling. Addition of fly ash （20 g kg-1） and steel slag （3 g kg-1） resulted in similar increase in soil pH. Both amendments significantly decreased the concentrations of metals measured with DGT （CDGT） and the metal uptake by Oryza sativa L. Significant correlations were found between CDGT and the concentration of a combination of metal fractions （exchangeable, bound to carbonates, and bound to Fe/Mn oxides）, unraveling the labile species that participate in the flux of metal resupply. The capability of metal resupply, as reflected by the R （ratio of CDGT to pore water metal concentration） values, significantly decreased in the amended soils. The CDGT correlated well with the plant uptake, suggesting that DGT is a good indicator for bioavailability. Acidification raised the extractable metal concentration in amended soil but the concentration did not return to the pre-amendment level. Equilibrium modeling indicated that the soil amendments induced the precipitation of several Fe, A1 and Ca minerals, which may play a positive role in metal stabilization. Chemical stabilization with alkaline amendments could be an effective and stable soil remediation strategy for attenuating metal bioavailability and reducing plant metal uptake.展开更多
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the fermentation medium for enhancing pyruvic acid production by Torulopsis glabrata TP19. In the first step of optimization, with Plackett-Burman design, ammoni...Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the fermentation medium for enhancing pyruvic acid production by Torulopsis glabrata TP19. In the first step of optimization, with Plackett-Burman design, ammonium sulfate, glucose and nicotinic acid were found to be the important factors affecting pyruvic acid production significantly. In the second step, a 23 full factorial central composite design and RSM were applied to determine the optimal concentration of each significant variable. A second-order polynomial was determined by the multiple regression analysis of the experimental data. The optimum values for the critical components were obtained as follows: ammonium sulfate 0.7498 (10.75 g/L), glucose 0.9383 (109.38 g/L) and nicotinic acid 0.3633 (7.86 mg/L) with a predicted value of maximum pyruvic acid production of 42.2 g/L. Under the optimal conditions, the practical pyruvic acid production was 42.4 g/L. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.9483, which ensures adequate credibility of the model. By scaling up fermentation from flask to jar fermentor, we obtained promising results.展开更多
Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory condition. The degradation half-live of chlorpyrifos at levels o...Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory condition. The degradation half-live of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that the average well color development （AWCD） in soils was significantly （P 〈 0.05） inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to a similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices （Simpson index lID and McIntosh index U） was observed, but no significant difference among the values of the Shannon-Wiener index H＇ was found in chlorpyrifos-treated soils. With an increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-life of chlorpyrifos was significantly （P ≤ 0.05） extended and its inhibitory effect on soil microorganisms was aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity.展开更多
The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and glueosinolate （GS） concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale （Brassica alboglabra L.） treated with three nitrogen （N） concentrations （5, 10, and 20 mmol/...The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and glueosinolate （GS） concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale （Brassica alboglabra L.） treated with three nitrogen （N） concentrations （5, 10, and 20 mmol/L） were investigated. Height, stem thickness, and dry weights of the total aerial parts, bolting stems, and roots, as well as the root to shoot ratio, significantly increased as CO2 concentration was elevated from 350 to 800 μl/L at each N concentration. In the edible part of the bolting stem, 11 individual GSs were identified, including 7 aliphatic and 4 indolyl GSs. GS concentration was affected by the elevated CO2 concentration, N concentration, and CO2×N interaction. At 5 and 10 mmol N/L, the concentrations of aliphatic GSs and total GSs significantly increased, whereas those ofindolyl GSs were not affected, by elevated atmospheric CO2. However, at 20 mmol N/L, elevated CO2 had no significant effects on the concentrations of total GSs and total indolyl GSs, but the concentrations of total aliphatic GSs significantly increased. Moreover, the bolting stem carbon （C） content increased, whereas the N and sulfur （S） contents decreased under elevated CO2 concentration in the three N treatments, resulting in changes in the C/N and N/S ratios. Also the C/N ratio is not a reliable predictor of change of GS concentration, while the changes in N and S contents and the N/S ratio at the elevated CO2 concentration may influence the GS concentration in Chinese kale bolting stems. The results demonstrate that high nitrogen supply is beneficial for the growth of Chinese kale, but not for the GS concentration in bolting stems, under elevated CO2 condition.展开更多
The current research of configurable product disassemblability focuses on disassemblability evaluation and disassembly sequence planning. Little work has been done on quantitative analysis of configurable product disa...The current research of configurable product disassemblability focuses on disassemblability evaluation and disassembly sequence planning. Little work has been done on quantitative analysis of configurable product disassemblability. The disassemblability modeling technology for configurable product based on disassembly constraint relation weighted design structure matrix （DSM） is proposed. Major factors affecting the disassemblability of configurable product are analyzed, and the disassembling degrees between components in configurable product are obtained by calculating disassembly entropies such as joint type, joint quantity, disassembly path, disassembly accessibility and material compatibility. The disassembly constraint relation weighted DSM of configurable product is constructed and configuration modules are formed by matrix decomposition and tearing operations. The disassembly constraint relation in configuration modules is strong coupling, and the disassembly constraint relation between modules is weak coupling, and the disassemblability configuration model is constructed based on configuration module. Finally, taking a hydraulic forging press as an example, the decomposed weak coupling components are used as configuration modules alone, components with a strong coupling are aggregated into configuration modules, and the disassembly sequence of components inside configuration modules is optimized by tearing operation. A disassemblability configuration model of the hydraulic forging press is constructed. By researching the disassemblability modeling technology of product configuration design based on disassembly constraint relation weighted DSM, the disassembly property in maintenance, recycling and reuse of configurable product are optimized.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory disease and its involvement area in colon is influenced by a complex network of gene interactions. We analyzed the weighted gene co-expression networks in mieroarray...Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory disease and its involvement area in colon is influenced by a complex network of gene interactions. We analyzed the weighted gene co-expression networks in mieroarray dataset from colonic mucosa of patients with UC and identified one gene co-expression module that was highly associated with the progression of involved area in UC colon （Pearson coefficient=0.81, P〈0.0001）. In total, 523 hub genes in this module were found to be involved in immune system process after enrichment analysis in Gene Ontology. By the STRING and Cytoscape analysis, we observed that interleukin-8 （IL- 8） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） were centered in the network of hub genes. We then detected the expression of IL-8 and MMP-9 in mucosa from left-sided colon of patients using quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay respectively. Both quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay revealed the expression levels of IL-8 and MMP-9 were significantly different among the healthy controls, left-sided colitis group and pancolitis group （P〈0.05）. IL-8 and MMP-9 were detected with an enhanced expression in pancolitis as compared with leftsided colitis and healthy controls, respectively （P〈0.05）. This study demonstrates that immune system process is indispensable in the progression of disease in colon, and identifies that IL-8 and MMP-9 play potential critical roles for the progression.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0905100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21991102,22378227).
文摘Constructing a framework carrier to stabilize protein conformation,induce high embedding efficiency,and acquire low mass-transfer resistance is an urgent issue in the development of immobilized enzymes.Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)have promising application potential for embedding enzymes.In fact,no metal involvement is required,and HOFs exhibit superior biocompatibility,and free access to substrates in mesoporous channels.Herein,a facile in situ growth approach was proposed for the self-assembly of alcohol dehydrogenase encapsulated in HOF.The micron-scale bio-catalytic composite was rapidly synthesized under mild conditions(aqueous phase and ambient temperature)with a controllable embedding rate.The high crystallinity and periodic arrangement channels of HOF were preserved at a high enzyme encapsulation efficiency of 59%.This bio-composite improved the tolerance of the enzyme to the acid-base environment and retained 81%of its initial activity after five cycles of batch hydrogenation involving NADH coenzyme.Based on this controllably synthesized bio-catalytic material and a common lipase,we further developed a two-stage cascade microchemical system and achieved the continuous production of chiral hydroxybutyric acid(R-3-HBA).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52375447,52305477 and 52105457)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.ZR2023QE057,ZR2024QE100 and ZR2024ME255)+2 种基金Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Planning Park Cultivation Plan(Grant No.23-1-5-yqpy-17-qy)Shandong Provincial Science and Technology SMEs Innovation Capacity Improvement Project(Grant No.2022TSGC1115)the Special Fund of Taishan Scholars Project。
文摘Intelligent manufacturing(IM),a driving force behind the fourth industrial revolution,is reshaping the manufacturing sector by enhancing productivity,efficiency,and sustainability.Despite the rapid technological advancements in IM,comprehensive bibliometric reviews remain limited.This article systematically reviews the latest research in IM,addressing emerging hotspots,key technologies,and their applications across the entire product manufacturing cycle.Bibliometric analysis is employed to identify research trends visualize publication volume,collaboration patterns,research domains,co-citations,and emerging areas of interest.The article then examines key technologies supporting IM,including sensors,the Internet of Things(IoT),big data analytics,cloud computing,artificial intelligence(AI),digital twins,and virtual reality(VR)/augmented reality(AR).Furthermore,it explores the application of these technologies throughout the manufacturing cycle-from intelligent reliability design,material transportation and tracking,to intelligent planning and scheduling,machining and fabrication,monitoring and maintenance,quality inspection and control,warehousing and management,and sustainable green manufacturing—through specific case studies.Lastly,the article discusses future research directions,highlighting the increasing global market and the need for enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration,technological integration,computing power upgrades,and attention to security and privacy in IM.This study provides valuable insights for scholars and serves as a guide for future research and strategic investment decisions,offering a comprehensive view of the IM field.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32471815 and 32401528)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant Nos.BK20241745 and BK20240294).
文摘With the increasing consumption of non renewable resources such as oil,the traditional polymer manufacturing industry that relies on fossil resources is facing unprecedented challenges.The design,synthesis,and recycling of renewable and environmentally friendly bio-based polymers as alternatives to petroleum based polymers have become hot topics in research and industrial fields.Biomass has been used as a raw material to design and synthesize closed-loop recyclable polymers,which is of great significance in addressing the waste of resources and negative impact on the environment in the traditional polymer preparation process.This review summarized recent advances in the design,synthesis,and properties of closed-loop recyclable bio-based polymers,focusing on the sustainability and recyclability of bio-based materials,followed by a brief discussion of the potential applications of closed-loop recyclable bio-based polymers in emerging applications such as 3D printing and friction electric nanogenerators.In addition,perspectives and recommendations for future research on closedloop recyclable bio-based polymers were presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41975156).
文摘Tyrosine residues in proteins can be nitrated to form 3-nitrotyrosine(3-NT)under the influence of ozone(O_(3))and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))in the air,which may introduce health impacts.A selective and sensitive enzyme-linked-immunoassay(ELISA)method was developed to determine 3-NT in modified model protein(bovine serum albumin,BSA)and ambient aerosol samples.The nitration degrees(NDs)of BSA in the exposure experiments with different durations were detected by both the ELISA and spectrophotometric methods(i.e.,ND_(ELISA) and ND_(SEC-PDA)),which show good coincidence.The kinetic investigation by both ΔND_(ELISA) and ΔND_(SEC-PDA) in the exposure experiments shows that the rate coefficients(k)of the pseudo-first-order kinetic rate reactions of protein nitration were comparable.These results indicate that direct detection of 3-NT by the ELISA method can be applied for laboratory exposure samples analysis for kinetic studies.Based on the selective detection of 3-NT,ND_(ELISA) provides a promising measure for the assessment of ND in model proteins.3-NT was alsomeasured in PM_(2.5) samples in summer in Guangzhou,southern China,ranging from 10.1 to 404 pg/m^(3),providing clear evidence of protein nitration in ambient aerosols.We further proposed that 3-NT/protein can be used as a proxy to evaluate protein nitration in ambient aerosols.A significant correlationwas observed between 3-NT/protein and O_(3),confirming the crucial role of O_(3) in protein nitration.Our results show that the direct detection of 3-NT by the ELISA method can be more widely applied in the laboratory and field-based studies for understanding the mechanisms of protein nitration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22064014)the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Lanzhou(No.2021–1-146)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(Nos.21YF5FA071,21JR7RA538)the Industrial Support Programme for Higher Education Institutions Project(Nos.2023CYZC-69,2024CYCZ-05)the 2023 Gansu Provincial Key Talent Project(No.2023RCXM26)。
文摘The traditional nanozymes-based ratiometric fluorescence sensing platforms usually necessitate the supplementary addition of fluorescent probes,therefore greatly restricting its convenient and broad application.In this study,a highly sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence platform for alkaline phosphatase(ALP)detection was established,only employing Prussian blue(PB)nanozymes and a commercially available chromogen of o-phenylenediamine(OPD).PB nanozymes with remarkable peroxidaselike(POD-like)activity can effectively catalyze OPD chromogen to yield 2,3-diaminophenazine(OPDox)with an intense yellow fluorescence at 573 nm emission peak.Target ALP can facilitate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate(AAP)dephosphorylation to generate phosphate and ascorbic acid(AA).Significantly,both these two resultant hydrolysis products could effectively decrease the OPDox generation via a dualpath based inhibition on the PB nanozymes POD-like activity.On the other hand,the generated dehydroascorbic acid(DHAA)from AA oxidation would exclusively react with OPD chromogen to yield3-(dihydroxyethyl)furo[3,4-b]quinoxaline-1-one(DFQ)with a strong blue fluorescent signal at 434nm,which further providing a significant enhancement on the sensing selectivity of ALP detection.As a result,an increased yellow fluorescence of OPDox and decreased blue fluorescence of DFQ could be clearly observed with different ALP addition.A robust linear relationship between the fluorescence ratio of F_(434)/F_(573)and ALP activity ranging from 0.25U/L to 6U/L was obtained,with a low detection limit of 0.112 U/L.This proposed method demonstrates high sensitivity,excellent selectivity,cost-effectiveness,and operational simplicity,yet enabling an effective detection of ALP levels in human serum.
文摘In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41975156)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Oxidative potential(OP)can be used as an indicator of the health risks of particulate matter in the air.To study the variation and sources of OP,we conducted an observation of PM_(2.5) in a megacity in southern China in winter and spring of 2021.The results show that the average concentration of PM_(2.5) decreased by 47%from winter to spring,while volume-normalized and mass-normalized OP(i.e.,OP_(v) and OP_(m))increased by 6%and 69%,respectively.It suggests that the decline of PM_(2.5) may not necessarily decrease the health risks and the intrinsic toxicity of PM_(2.5).Variations of OP_(v) and OP_(m) among different periods were related to the different source contributions and environmental conditions.The positive matrix factorization model was used to identify the major sources of OP_(v).OP_(v) was mainly contributed by biomass burning/industrial emissions(29%),soil/road dust(20%),secondary sulfate(14%),and coal combustion(13%)in winter.Different major sources were resolved to be secondary sulfate(36%),biological sources(21%),and marine vessels(20%)in spring,presenting the substantial contribution of biological sources.The analysis shows strong associations between OP_(v) and both live and dead bacteria,further confirming the important contribution of bioaerosols to the enhancement of OP.This study highlights the importance of understanding OP in ambient PM_(2.5) in terms of public health impact and provides a new insight into the biological contribution to OP.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3701500)the Key R&D Plan Projects of Zhejiang Province(No.2024SSYS0072)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LDT23E0601).
文摘Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in maritime shipping using the levelized cost of energy methodology.It includes a detailed comparative analysis based on essential criteria and sensitivity assessments to highlight the economic impacts of technological advancements.Key factors influencing total costs include fuel costs,carbon pricing,and energy demands for carbon capture.The findings reveal that methanol is more cost-effective than heavy fuel oil(HFO)when priced below 3000 CNY/t,assuming HFO costs 4400 CNY/t.Additionally,methanol with post-combustion carbon capture is less expensive than pre-combustion carbon capture.When carbon prices rise above 480 CNY/t,carbon capture technologies prove more economical than purchasing carbon emission allowances for HFO and liquefied natural gas.Enhanc-ing the use of exhaust gas waste heat is recommended for cost savings.Post-combustion carbon capture also shows greater efficiency,requiring about 1.1 GJ/t less energy than pre-combustion methods,leading to lower overall costs.Future research should focus on market mechanisms to stabilize fuel prices and develop less energy-intensive carbon capture technologies.This study offers critical insights into effective decarbonization strategies for advancing global maritime trade in the present and future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374292)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation, China (No. BWLCF202309)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City, China (No. KQ2208271)。
文摘Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al_(2)O_(3) doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr_(2)O_(3) dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) dopants leads to the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5) composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO_(2) dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5),which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271132(to YL),82101167(to BB)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,Nos.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0020(to BB),cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0473(to FC).
文摘Our previous study demonstrated that combined transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and retinal progenitor cells in rats has therapeutic effects on retinal degeneration that are superior to transplantation of retinal progenitor cells alone.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulate and interact with various cells in the retinal microenvironment by secreting neurotrophic factors and extracellular vesicles.Small extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,which offer low immunogenicity,minimal tumorigenic risk,and ease of transportation,have been utilized in the treatment of various neurological diseases.These vesicles exhibit various activities,including anti-inflammatory actions,promotion of tissue repair,and immune regulation.Therefore,novel strategies using human retinal progenitor cells combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles may represent an innovation in stem cell therapy for retinal degeneration.In this study,we developed such an approach utilizing retinal progenitor cells combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles to treat retinal degeneration in Royal College of Surgeons rats,a genetic model of retinal degeneration.Our findings revealed that the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles and retinal progenitor cells significantly improved visual function in these rats.The addition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles as adjuvants to stem cell transplantation with retinal progenitor cells enhanced the survival,migration,and differentiation of the exogenous retinal progenitor cells.Concurrently,these small extracellular vesicles inhibited the activation of regional microglia,promoted the migration of transplanted retinal progenitor cells to the inner nuclear layer of the retina,and facilitated their differentiation into photoreceptors and bipolar cells.These findings suggest that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of retinal progenitor cells in retinal degeneration by promoting their survival and differentiation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272118,22172111,and 22309134)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Nos.22ZR1464100,20ZR1460300,and 19DZ2271500)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712402),the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23YF1449200)the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project(2022C01182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023-3-YB-07)。
文摘Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains a confusing topic.Here we develop a hydrogen-bond-oriented interfacial super-assembly strategy to custom-tailor nanosheet-intertwined spherical carbon superstructures(SCSs)for Zn-ion storage with double-high capacitive activity and durability.Tetrachlorobenzoquinone(H-bond acceptor)and dimethylbenzidine(H-bond donator)can interact to form organic nanosheet modules,which are sequentially assembled,orientally compacted and densified into well-orchestrated superstructures through multiple H-bonds(N-H···O).Featured with rich surface-active heterodiatomic motifs,more exposed nanoporous channels,and successive charge migration paths,SCSs cathode promises high accessibility of built-in zincophilic sites and rapid ion diffusion with low energy barriers(3.3Ωs-0.5).Consequently,the assembled Zn||SCSs capacitor harvests all-round improvement in Zn-ion storage metrics,including high energy density(166 Wh kg-1),high-rate performance(172 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),and long-lasting cycling lifespan(95.5%capacity retention after 500,000 cycles).An opposite chargecarrier storage mechanism is rationalized for SCSs cathode to maximize spatial capacitive charge storage,involving high-kinetics physical Zn^(2+)/CF_(3)SO_(3)-adsorption and chemical Zn^(2+)redox with carbonyl/pyridine groups.This work gives insights into H-bond-guided interfacial superassembly design of superstructural carbons toward advanced energy storage.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82220108017,No.82141128)The Capital Health Research and Development of Special(No.2024-1-2052)+1 种基金Science&Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z201100005520045)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202311018)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment,and outcome of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy(PEHCR),a variant of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV),in a case series of Chinese patients.METHODS:This study was retrospectively conducted from September 2018 to March 2025.Clinical examinations included color fundus photography,B-scan ultrasonography,fluorescein angiography(FA),indocyanine green angiography(ICGA),swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and two active or inactive subgroups and misdiagnosed cases were analyzed.RESULTS:Totally 19 patients(21 eyes)with a mean age of 54.3±9.4(range,36–68)y were included,with a majority of women(n=13,68.4%).The mean follow-up period was 13±1.4(range:1–57)mo.Decreased visual acuity was the most frequent initial manifestation(17 eyes,84.2%),and lesions were mainly distributed in the inferotemporal or temporal quadrant(14 eyes,66.7%),with choroidal polyps and branching neovascular networks revealed by OCTA and ICGA.Nine patients had been previously misdiagnosed with choroidal melanoma,and 6 of them had massive vitreous hemorrhage(VH).PEHCR manifested along a spectrum ranging from active or inactive subretinal hemorrhagic forms to chronic fibrotic or atrophic forms.One patient experienced natural regression.Ten eyes received a mean of 4.7±1.1(range:3–7)intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)injections,two eyes underwent vitrectomy,and six eyes were treated with vitrectomy combined with anti-VEGF therapy.Best-corrected visual acuity(logMAR)in treated eyes(18 eyes)improved to 0.31±0.25 from the baseline of 1.50±0.75(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:PEHCR is a variant of PCV.Chinese patients with PEHCR have a relatively younger age of onset.Anti-VEGF injections and/or vitrectomy are treatment options for lesion regression or dense VH to gain better visual outcomes.
基金Supported by the Projects of Medical and Health Technology Development Program in Shandong Province(No.202107021009)Shandong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(No.M-2023118).
文摘AIM:To determine whether paeonol(Pae),a naturally occurring phenolic compound,can serve as an effective pharmacological inhibitor of posterior capsular opacification(PCO).METHODS:A rat model of cataract surgery—induced PCO was established,and Pae was administered via anterior chamber injection to evaluate its preventive effect on capsular opacification and fibrotic remodeling.Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)—related changes in lens epithelial cells(LECs).Ex vivo lens capsule cultures were employed to examine the expression of Vimentin and Zonula Occludens-1(ZO-1)by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.In the human LEC line SRA01/04,EMT marker expression at both mRNA and protein levels was analyzed following transforming growth factor beta 2(TGF-β2)stimulation,with Pae treatment.Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the effect of Pae on TGF-β/Smad signaling and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)activation.Molecular docking was performed to predict Pae–AMPK binding,and rescue experiments with AMPK inhibition were conducted to validate the mechanistic pathway.RESULTS:Pae significantly reduced capsular opacification and fibrotic remodeling in the rat PCO model compared with controls.In LECs,Pae markedly suppressed TGF-β2–induced EMT,evidenced by decreased expression of mesenchymal markers,such as Vimentin,Fibronectin,Collagen 1A1,α-SMA and preserved epithelial junctional protein ZO-1.Mechanistically,Pae was predicted to directly interact with the catalytic pocket of AMPK,which was experimentally confirmed by enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation(P<0.05).This activation disrupted canonical TGF-β/Smad signaling,leading to suppression of EMT.Rescue experiments using AMPK inhibition abrogated the anti-EMT effect of Pae,further validating the AMPK-dependent mechanism.CONCLUSION:Pae exerts a potent inhibitory effect on PCO formation by blocking EMT of LECs through direct activation of AMPK and subsequent disruption of TGF-β/Smad signaling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22265021,52231007,and 12327804)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2020Z056056003)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232BAB212004).
文摘The precise tuning of magnetic nanoparticle size and magnetic domains,thereby shaping magnetic properties.However,the dynamic evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations in relation to electromagnetic(EM)attenuation behavior remain poorly understood.To address this gap,a thermodynamically controlled periodic coordination strategy is proposed to achieve precise modulation of magnetic nanoparticle spacing.This approach unveils the evolution of magnetic domain configurations,progressing from individual to coupled and ultimately to crosslinked domain configurations.A unique magnetic coupling phenomenon surpasses the Snoek limit in low-frequency range,which is observed through micromagnetic simulation.The crosslinked magnetic configuration achieves effective low-frequency EM wave absorption at 3.68 GHz,encompassing nearly the entire C-band.This exceptional magnetic interaction significantly enhances radar camouflage and thermal insulation properties.Additionally,a robust gradient metamaterial design extends coverage across the full band(2–40 GHz),effectively mitigating the impact of EM pollution on human health and environment.This comprehensive study elucidates the evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations,addresses gaps in dynamic magnetic modulation,and provides novel insights for the development of high-performance,low-frequency EM wave absorption materials.
基金Supported by the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Foundation of China(No.U0833004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41101483)the Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(2011),China
文摘A pot experiment was conducted with multi-metal （Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn） contaminated acidic soil to investigate changes in available metal burden resulting from the application of industrial wastes （fly ash and steel slag）. The efficiency of amendments- induced metal stabilization was evaluated by diffusive gradients in thin films （DGT）, sequential extraction, and plant uptake. The stability of remediation was assessed by an acidification test and by chemical equilibrium modeling. Addition of fly ash （20 g kg-1） and steel slag （3 g kg-1） resulted in similar increase in soil pH. Both amendments significantly decreased the concentrations of metals measured with DGT （CDGT） and the metal uptake by Oryza sativa L. Significant correlations were found between CDGT and the concentration of a combination of metal fractions （exchangeable, bound to carbonates, and bound to Fe/Mn oxides）, unraveling the labile species that participate in the flux of metal resupply. The capability of metal resupply, as reflected by the R （ratio of CDGT to pore water metal concentration） values, significantly decreased in the amended soils. The CDGT correlated well with the plant uptake, suggesting that DGT is a good indicator for bioavailability. Acidification raised the extractable metal concentration in amended soil but the concentration did not return to the pre-amendment level. Equilibrium modeling indicated that the soil amendments induced the precipitation of several Fe, A1 and Ca minerals, which may play a positive role in metal stabilization. Chemical stabilization with alkaline amendments could be an effective and stable soil remediation strategy for attenuating metal bioavailability and reducing plant metal uptake.
文摘Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the fermentation medium for enhancing pyruvic acid production by Torulopsis glabrata TP19. In the first step of optimization, with Plackett-Burman design, ammonium sulfate, glucose and nicotinic acid were found to be the important factors affecting pyruvic acid production significantly. In the second step, a 23 full factorial central composite design and RSM were applied to determine the optimal concentration of each significant variable. A second-order polynomial was determined by the multiple regression analysis of the experimental data. The optimum values for the critical components were obtained as follows: ammonium sulfate 0.7498 (10.75 g/L), glucose 0.9383 (109.38 g/L) and nicotinic acid 0.3633 (7.86 mg/L) with a predicted value of maximum pyruvic acid production of 42.2 g/L. Under the optimal conditions, the practical pyruvic acid production was 42.4 g/L. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.9483, which ensures adequate credibility of the model. By scaling up fermentation from flask to jar fermentor, we obtained promising results.
基金supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No.2006AA06Z386, 2007AA06Z306)the China Postdoctor-al Science Foundation (No. 20070421174)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771254)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.Z306260)the National Key Technologies R&D Pro-gram of China (No. 2006BAI09B03)
文摘Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory condition. The degradation half-live of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that the average well color development （AWCD） in soils was significantly （P 〈 0.05） inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to a similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices （Simpson index lID and McIntosh index U） was observed, but no significant difference among the values of the Shannon-Wiener index H＇ was found in chlorpyrifos-treated soils. With an increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-life of chlorpyrifos was significantly （P ≤ 0.05） extended and its inhibitory effect on soil microorganisms was aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity.
基金Project (No. 2007CB109305) supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China
文摘The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and glueosinolate （GS） concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale （Brassica alboglabra L.） treated with three nitrogen （N） concentrations （5, 10, and 20 mmol/L） were investigated. Height, stem thickness, and dry weights of the total aerial parts, bolting stems, and roots, as well as the root to shoot ratio, significantly increased as CO2 concentration was elevated from 350 to 800 μl/L at each N concentration. In the edible part of the bolting stem, 11 individual GSs were identified, including 7 aliphatic and 4 indolyl GSs. GS concentration was affected by the elevated CO2 concentration, N concentration, and CO2×N interaction. At 5 and 10 mmol N/L, the concentrations of aliphatic GSs and total GSs significantly increased, whereas those ofindolyl GSs were not affected, by elevated atmospheric CO2. However, at 20 mmol N/L, elevated CO2 had no significant effects on the concentrations of total GSs and total indolyl GSs, but the concentrations of total aliphatic GSs significantly increased. Moreover, the bolting stem carbon （C） content increased, whereas the N and sulfur （S） contents decreased under elevated CO2 concentration in the three N treatments, resulting in changes in the C/N and N/S ratios. Also the C/N ratio is not a reliable predictor of change of GS concentration, while the changes in N and S contents and the N/S ratio at the elevated CO2 concentration may influence the GS concentration in Chinese kale bolting stems. The results demonstrate that high nitrogen supply is beneficial for the growth of Chinese kale, but not for the GS concentration in bolting stems, under elevated CO2 condition.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51375437)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY12E05019)
文摘The current research of configurable product disassemblability focuses on disassemblability evaluation and disassembly sequence planning. Little work has been done on quantitative analysis of configurable product disassemblability. The disassemblability modeling technology for configurable product based on disassembly constraint relation weighted design structure matrix （DSM） is proposed. Major factors affecting the disassemblability of configurable product are analyzed, and the disassembling degrees between components in configurable product are obtained by calculating disassembly entropies such as joint type, joint quantity, disassembly path, disassembly accessibility and material compatibility. The disassembly constraint relation weighted DSM of configurable product is constructed and configuration modules are formed by matrix decomposition and tearing operations. The disassembly constraint relation in configuration modules is strong coupling, and the disassembly constraint relation between modules is weak coupling, and the disassemblability configuration model is constructed based on configuration module. Finally, taking a hydraulic forging press as an example, the decomposed weak coupling components are used as configuration modules alone, components with a strong coupling are aggregated into configuration modules, and the disassembly sequence of components inside configuration modules is optimized by tearing operation. A disassemblability configuration model of the hydraulic forging press is constructed. By researching the disassemblability modeling technology of product configuration design based on disassembly constraint relation weighted DSM, the disassembly property in maintenance, recycling and reuse of configurable product are optimized.
文摘Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory disease and its involvement area in colon is influenced by a complex network of gene interactions. We analyzed the weighted gene co-expression networks in mieroarray dataset from colonic mucosa of patients with UC and identified one gene co-expression module that was highly associated with the progression of involved area in UC colon （Pearson coefficient=0.81, P〈0.0001）. In total, 523 hub genes in this module were found to be involved in immune system process after enrichment analysis in Gene Ontology. By the STRING and Cytoscape analysis, we observed that interleukin-8 （IL- 8） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） were centered in the network of hub genes. We then detected the expression of IL-8 and MMP-9 in mucosa from left-sided colon of patients using quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay respectively. Both quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay revealed the expression levels of IL-8 and MMP-9 were significantly different among the healthy controls, left-sided colitis group and pancolitis group （P〈0.05）. IL-8 and MMP-9 were detected with an enhanced expression in pancolitis as compared with leftsided colitis and healthy controls, respectively （P〈0.05）. This study demonstrates that immune system process is indispensable in the progression of disease in colon, and identifies that IL-8 and MMP-9 play potential critical roles for the progression.
