Wild rodents were collected using live snap traps in pistachio gardens of Kerman Province, Southeast Iran from 2007 to 2009, then some physiological parameters of them were measured. The samples were identified as fol...Wild rodents were collected using live snap traps in pistachio gardens of Kerman Province, Southeast Iran from 2007 to 2009, then some physiological parameters of them were measured. The samples were identified as follow: Nesokia indica, Meriones persicus, Meriones lybicus and Tatera indica. Blood samples were obtained from the heart, then the blood parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, HDL, red and white blood cell number) in wild species of rodents and laboratory rat were compared. The results showed that there were no significant differences in serum glucose, triglyceride, HDL and total protein levels among different experimental groups. The concentration of cholesterol in T. indica was more than that in N. indica (P < 0.01). The total numbers of red blood cells also showed significant difference between wild garden rodent species and laboratory rat (P < 0.01), while the numbers of white blood cells showed no significant difference.展开更多
ObjectiveTo survey the prevalence of canine gastrointestinal helminthes in dogs presented to the Veterinary faculty of the University of Kerman between May and November 2011.MethodsA total of 70 fecal samples were eva...ObjectiveTo survey the prevalence of canine gastrointestinal helminthes in dogs presented to the Veterinary faculty of the University of Kerman between May and November 2011.MethodsA total of 70 fecal samples were evaluated by the fecal sedimentation method.ResultsThe prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes was 7.14%. The parasites most frequently detected were Toxocara canis (T. canis) (4.3%); Toxascaris leonina (T. leonina) (1.4%) and Teania spp. (1.4%). The age distribution of intestinal parasites in dogs showed that the dog less than 1 year old had a higher overall prevalence than those dogs over 12 months of age but there was not significant (P>0.05). Also there was no significant difference in the prevalence between male (7.7%) and female (6.5%) dogs (P>0.05).ConclusionsIt is thought that the reduction in the frequency of the dogs with those helminthes may be mainly a result of the improvement in breeding environment and the routine use of antihelmintics. The significance of zoonotic diseases caused by intestinal helminthes makes it necessary for us to know the infection status of domestic dogs and to take measures for further control. It is concluded that veterinarians have an important role in educating dog owners of these potential risks and means for preventing or minimizing zoonotic transmission.展开更多
Fault lineaments are the main input data in earthquake engineering and seismology studies.This study presents a digitally-based active fault map of the Kerman region in central-east Iran which experienced several deva...Fault lineaments are the main input data in earthquake engineering and seismology studies.This study presents a digitally-based active fault map of the Kerman region in central-east Iran which experienced several devastating earthquakes on poorly exposed and/or not identified active faults.Using Landsat 8 data,we have carried out the image-based procedures of fault mapping,which include applying the contrast stretching technique,the principal component analysis,the color composite technique,the spectral rationing,and creating the false-color composite images.Besides,we have cross-checked the resulting map with the geological maps provided by the Geological Survey of Iran to decrease the associated uncertainties.The resulting map includes 123 fault segments,still,a part of which has been expressed in the previously compiled active-fault maps of Iran.Indeed,the new one is mapping the poorly exposed active faults,so-called secondary faults,which are able to produce strong events.These faults are primarily associated with poorly defined areas that accommodate low levels of seismicity;however,sporadic strong events are likely to occur.It has also been investigated that these kinds of faults are seismogenic and are able to produce destructive events.In total,the outcome of this study can also be jointed with seismic studies for investigating parts of the earthquake activity in central-east Iran,in particular for the fault-based approaches in impending earthquake-resistant buildings.展开更多
Pemphigus has in the past been associated with a high mortality rate.However,with the discovery of corticosteroids,patient median survival has improved.Our purpose was to assess median survival after confirmed diagnos...Pemphigus has in the past been associated with a high mortality rate.However,with the discovery of corticosteroids,patient median survival has improved.Our purpose was to assess median survival after confirmed diagnosis of pemphigus in patients in Kerman,a southern province of Iran.Methods:All patients who were either admitted to the hospital or treated as outpatientsin Kerman from 22 September 1987 to 22 September 1999 and who had confirmed pemphigus were included in the study.Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the following variables were evaluated in a univariate analysis for an association with survival:age,sex,type of pemphigus,and type of therapy.Results:A total of 55 patients(38 female and 17 male)were identified.No significant differences were found between genders.The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 46.0 years.Older groups had a lower survival rate than younger groups(P < 0.001).The majority(82%)of cases were vulgaris/vegetans,and no significant differences were foundin 10-year survival for type of pemphigus.The patients who had been treated with corticosteroid(P > 0.05)s alone had longer median survival times than those who had been treated with corticosteroids plus azathioprine(P < 0.001).A total of 11 patients died;the median follow-up time for those still a live was 5.9 years(range 2-12 years).Estimated survival at 2,6 and 10 years was 92.7,86.8 and 61.5%,respectively.Conclusion:Overall median survival rate in patients with pemphigus was 10 years,regardless of gender or subtype of pemphigus.Survival was adversely affected by late onset.Those patients treated with immunosuppressives and corticosteroids also appeared to have reduced survival times when compared to those treated with corticosteroids alone.展开更多
Background: Lichen planus (LP) is classified as a papulosquamous disease. It has been associated with liver disease, particularly hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in several studies. Most of these reports, especiall...Background: Lichen planus (LP) is classified as a papulosquamous disease. It has been associated with liver disease, particularly hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in several studies. Most of these reports, especially the larger series, were conducted in Europe and Japan. Objective: We conducted a case-control stud y in Kerman, Iran to explore the association between LP andHCV.Methods: The stud y included 66 patients with LP (as cases; mean age=39.7 ±15.8 years; 31 female, 35 male) and 140 volunteer blood donors (as controls; mean age=29.5 ±8.4 years ; 43 females, 97 males). An enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the presence of anti-HCV antibodies in all subjects in both groups. To confirm positive diagnoses, a second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA II) test was performed. Results: Lichen planus lesions were most frequentl y located on the trunk and extremities, and the most common clinical type was ge neralized LP (48.5%). One of the patients with LP (1.5%) and three of the cont rols (2.1%) were HCV-Ab positive. No significant difference was observed in HC V-Ab positive between the two groups (OR=0.7; 95%CI=0.1-6.9). Conclusion: The findings indicate that an investigation for HCV infection should not necessaril y be performed in all patients with LP. It is recommended that further studies s hould focus on larger groups in other regions of Iran to determine whether testi ng for HCV infection is necessary in patients with LP.展开更多
Known deposits are appropriate sites for investigating significant exploratory keys that could be helpful in mineral exploration in corresponding regions or similar areas. This study was performed to delineate hydroth...Known deposits are appropriate sites for investigating significant exploratory keys that could be helpful in mineral exploration in corresponding regions or similar areas. This study was performed to delineate hydrothermal alteration model and some geophysical characteristics of the SarKuh porphyry copper deposit located within the southern part of the central Iranian Cenozoic magmatic belt (CICMB). Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images have been used to produce hydrothermal alteration map using a fractal-aided spectral angle mapper (SAM) method. Airborne data were used to study magnetic-radiometric properties of the deposit. Image processing of ASTER images and laboratory studies proved the presence of two types of phyllic ale ration called intense and weak phyllic based on abundance of sericite mineral. It realized that radiometric anomalies of <sup>40</sup>K, eTh and eU are limited to boundary of phyllic zone. Radiometric ratios e.g. eTh/<sup>40</sup>K were good enough to enhance phyllic zone.展开更多
Objective:To determine the frequency and causes of injuries from sharp instruments contaminated by blood in hospital staff.Methods:The study was cross-sectional and conducted at an educational hospital supervised by K...Objective:To determine the frequency and causes of injuries from sharp instruments contaminated by blood in hospital staff.Methods:The study was cross-sectional and conducted at an educational hospital supervised by Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2018.Using a researcher-made questionnaire,we determine the frequency and causes of injuries from sharp instruments contaminated by blood in 142 hospital staff.Results:Of the 142 patients,68 persons (48%) did not have a history of needle stick injury,but 74 persons (52%) had suffered needle stick injury 1 to more than 5 times.Among those who suffered a needle stick,74.3% were trained,while 70.7% of those who did not suffer needle stick had been trained.The results indicated that the needle was the most common sharp instrument causing needle stick injury.Conclusions:The study showed a high prevalence of needle stick injury among hospital personnel specifically in ICU,orthopaedic and surgery departments.Supportive measures such as improving injection practices,modification of working schedule,planning training programs targeted at using personal protective equipment,and an adequate number of safety facilities for the effective prevention of needle stick injury incidents are needed.展开更多
Using airborne radiometric geophysical data, one can easily investigate a wide region in a short time and with little cost to finally find areas that are rich in radioactive elements. In this research, the uranium exp...Using airborne radiometric geophysical data, one can easily investigate a wide region in a short time and with little cost to finally find areas that are rich in radioactive elements. In this research, the uranium exploration data were first organized, filtered and classified and then the frequency distribution tables and histograms were drawn. After drawing the histograms, the statistical parameters for radioactive elements were calculated. The separation of anomaly populations was done on the basis of distribution around mean value, that is, the resulting mean, mean + 1SD, mean + 2SD, and mean + 3SD were assumed to equal to background, threshold value, the possible anomaly and the probable anomaly, respectively. In the end, representative maps of anomalies and separation of anomaly populations from the background were presented based on classical statistical calculations.展开更多
Accurate precipitation estimation in semiarid,topographically complicated areas is critical for water resource management and climate risk monitoring.This work provides a detailed,multi-scale evaluation of four major ...Accurate precipitation estimation in semiarid,topographically complicated areas is critical for water resource management and climate risk monitoring.This work provides a detailed,multi-scale evaluation of four major satellite precipitation products(CHIRPS,PERSIANN-CDR,IMERG-F v07,and GSMaP)over Isfahan province,Iran,over a 9-year period(2015-2023).The performance of these products was benchmarked against a dense network of 98 rain gauges using a suite of continuous and categorical statistical metrics,following a two-stage quality control protocol to remove outliers and false alarms.The results revealed that the performance of all products improves with temporal aggregation.At the daily level,GSMaP performed marginally better,although all products were linked with considerable uncertainty.At the monthly and annual levels,the GPM-era products(IMERG and GSMaP)clearly beat the other two,establishing themselves as dependable tools for long-term hydro-climatological studies.Error analysis revealed that topography is the dominant regulating factor,creating a systematic elevationdependent bias,largely characterized by underestimation from most products in high-elevation areas,though the PERSIANN-CDR product exhibited a contrasting overestimation tendency.Finally,the findings highlight the importance of implementing local,elevation-dependent calibration before deploying these products in hydrological modeling.展开更多
Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)have become foundational in numerous real-world applications,ranging from environmental monitoring and industrial automation to healthcare systems and smart city development.As these netw...Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)have become foundational in numerous real-world applications,ranging from environmental monitoring and industrial automation to healthcare systems and smart city development.As these networks continue to grow in scale and complexity,the need for energy-efficient,scalable,and robust communication protocols becomes more critical than ever.Metaheuristic algorithms have shown significant promise in addressing these challenges,offering flexible and effective solutions for optimizing WSN performance.Among them,the Grey Wolf Optimizer(GWO)algorithm has attracted growing attention due to its simplicity,fast convergence,and strong global search capabilities.Accordingly,this survey provides an in-depth review of the applications of GWO and its variants for clustering,multi-hop routing,and hybrid cluster-based routing in WSNs.We categorize and analyze the existing GWO-based approaches across these key network optimization tasks,discussing the different problem formulations,decision variables,objective functions,and performance metrics used.In doing so,we examine standard GWO,multi-objective GWO,and hybrid GWO models that incorporate other computational intelligence techniques.Each method is evaluated based on how effectively it addresses the core constraints of WSNs,including energy consumption,communication overhead,and network lifetime.Finally,this survey outlines existing gaps in the literature and proposes potential future research directions aimed at enhancing the effectiveness and real-world applicability of GWO-based techniques for WSN clustering and routing.Our goal is to provide researchers and practitioners with a clear,structured understanding of the current state of GWO in WSNs and inspire further innovation in this evolving field.展开更多
In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics...In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics.Given copper's extensive industrial applications,sustainable recovery from low-grade ores is critical.Five key parameters-acid concentration,leaching time,particle size,temperature,and solids percentage-were identified as major influences on copper recovery.The results revealed that leaching time and solids percentage,along with interactions between temperature-time and temperature-solids percentage,had the most significant effects.Optimal conditions for 80% copper recovery while minimizing iron recovery below 3% included an acid concentration of 1.21 mol L^(-1),a leaching time of 108 min,a particle size of 438μm,a temperature of 45℃,and a solids percentage of 18.2%.Leaching kinetics were analyzed using shrinking core models,with the Dickinson model best describing the process,showing an activation energy of 32.63 kJ mol^(-1),indicative of mixed diffusion and chemical reaction control.The final kinetic model effectively predicted the influence of key parameters.These findings highlight the importance of optimizing process variables and selecting suitable kinetic models to enhance extraction efficiency,reduce costs,and improve sustainability in copper recovery.展开更多
Objective： To analyze the crash and injury data in forensic medicine for years of 2004-2007. Methods： A sample of over 567 accident cases （9 pedestrians, 116 bicyclists, and 442 motor vehicle occupants） was consi...Objective： To analyze the crash and injury data in forensic medicine for years of 2004-2007. Methods： A sample of over 567 accident cases （9 pedestrians, 116 bicyclists, and 442 motor vehicle occupants） was considered from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, involving drivers of all ages and covering a four-year period. Results： The male fatality rates were significantly higher than female ones. The groups at 15-30 years old and at 30-55 years old had the first and second highest numbers of deaths （40% and 34%, respectively）. There were substantial differences in distribution of injuries in motor vehicle occupants and pedestrians and bicyclists. Among motor vehicle occupants, there were more head injuries, such as skull fracture, brain contusion, subdural haemorrhage, and epidural haemorrhage. Nearly 77% of fatalities occurred during 08：00-22：00 in Sirjan. Internal bleeding was also higher in motor vehicle occupants. Pedestrians and bicyclists also had head injuries frequently. Conclusions： In spite of reduction of road traffic fatalities in Sirjan in 2007, it is still one of the cities with high road traffic fatality in the world. These results underline the importance of preventive strategies in transportation, suggesting that different methods are necessary to reduce fatalities of various traffic participants.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the prevalence of mobile phone and seat belt use in driving in college students aged 18-24 years. Methods： The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was given ...Objective： To investigate the prevalence of mobile phone and seat belt use in driving in college students aged 18-24 years. Methods： The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was given to 265 college students. The sample contained 188 males and 77 females. In the second phase, the data pertaining to road accident injuries from March 20, 2007 to March 20, 2008 were collected from Bahonar Central Hospital in Kerman, Iran, and analyzed. Results： There were 14.0% of male and 19.0% of female participants traveled belted while driving on urban roads. It indicated that the participants unbelted or using mobile phone were more involved in accidents in last threeyears. This study also revealed that 19.0% of male and 4.2% of female drivers considered using mobile phone in driving not hazardous. The highest injury and property damage crash rates were 87 and 137 per 100 000 inhabitants, which occured in male group aged 18-24 years. And 30% of all fatalities were 19-24 years old. Conclusions： More than 50% ofcoUege students traveled unbelted. The females were less involved in road accident injuries. The college students aged 18-24 years had the highest percentages of trauma and head injury.展开更多
Today,planning procedures which are used in different fields of decision making such as determination of optimum planting patterns are considered as important management issues.The importance of optimum planting patte...Today,planning procedures which are used in different fields of decision making such as determination of optimum planting patterns are considered as important management issues.The importance of optimum planting patterns is highlighted when we learn that agricultural measures may have environmental side effects.Most economical analyses only focus on increasing economic gains of the farmers without regard to its environmental consequences.Therefore,one can argue that efficient managers should consider multiple purposes that cover both economic and environmental goals at the same time.This study attempted to identify an optimum mixed model of organic and non-organic production systems using a combination of AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process)approach andWeighted Goal Programming to consider environmental and economic indicators simultaneously.This procedure was employed in the current design to determine and compare an optimum pattern of mixed planting of organic and non-organic products.The study sample was cucumber,investigated in four farming systems:organic open field farming system,nonorganic greenhouse farming system,non-organic tunnel farming system and open field non-organic farming system in Jiroft,Kerman,with regard to paper indices.Following the proposed MCDM(Multiple Criteria Decision Making)model,cucumber planting in open field non-organic farming system was replaced by open field organic farming system.Economic and environmental indicators rose by 11.97%and 21.40%respectively in MCDM proposed plan in comparison with the existing farm plan,which indicates the feasibility of MCDM proposed plan in terms of economic and environmental indicators.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects approxi-mately 0.46%of the global population.Conventional therapeutics for RA,including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs),nonsteroidal a...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects approxi-mately 0.46%of the global population.Conventional therapeutics for RA,including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs),nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),and corticosteroids,frequently result in unintended adverse effects.Dexamethasone(DEX)is a potent glucocorticoid used to treat RA due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.Liposomal delivery of DEX,particu-larly when liposomes are surface-modified with targeting ligands like peptides or sialic acid,can improve drug efficacy by enhancing its distribution to inflamed joints and minimizing toxicity.This study investigates the potential of liposomal drug delivery systems to enhance the efficacy and targeting of DEX in the treatment of RA.Results from various studies demonstrate that liposomal DEX significantly inhibits arthritis progression in animal models,reduces joint inflammation and damage,and alleviates cartilage destruction compared to free DEX.The liposomal formulation also shows better hemocompatibility,fewer adverse effects on body weight and immune organ index,and a longer circulation time with higher bioavailability.The anti-inflammatory mechanism is associated with the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and B-cell-activating factor(BAFF),which are key players in the pathogenesis of RA.Additionally,liposomal DEX can induce the expres-sion of anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10(IL-10),which has significant anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.The findings suggest that lipo-somal DEX represents a promising candidate for effective and safe RA therapy,with the potential to improve the management of this debilitating disease by providing targeted delivery and sustained release of the drug.展开更多
Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate.Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges.Extracellular vesic...Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate.Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),including exosomes,have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for various pathological conditions,especially cancer.Evidence indicates that changes in the quantity and composition of EVs can influence the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,potentially affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy.Exploiting EVs for immune sensitization has generated significant clinical interest.This review provides an in-depth understanding of the origin of EVs,their therapeutic applications(such as drug delivery nanoplatforms and cancer immunotherapies,including vaccines),diagnostic potential as tumor biomarkers,ongoing EV-based clinical trials,and the challenges encountered in EV-based cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of reality therapy counselling on the levels of stress,anxiety and depression of women awaiting the result of amniocentesis.Methods:This randomized clinical trial was conducted on the ...Objective:To evaluate the effect of reality therapy counselling on the levels of stress,anxiety and depression of women awaiting the result of amniocentesis.Methods:This randomized clinical trial was conducted on the pregnant women who had referred to genetic laboratory to provide their amniocentesis samples in Isfahan,Iran from November 2019 to February 2020.Pregnant women were divided into the control and intervention groups.The control group received routine care.The intervention group received reality therapy counselling during eight merged sessions(two sessions in week).Each therapy session lasted for 90 to 120 minutes.Both groups completed the Depression,Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items(DASS-21)questionnaire level before and after the intervention.These three variables(depression,anxiety and stress)were the primary variables of the study.Results:64 pregnant women were included,with 32 in each group.Before the intervention,the mean score of anxiety and depression had no significant difference between the control and intervention groups,but after the reality therapy counselling,the mean scores of stress,anxiety,and depression in the intervention group decreased significantly compared to the control group(P<0.001).Conclusions:Reality therapy counselling can be offered as a simple,effective and accessible way to reduce stress,anxiety and depression in women awaiting amniocentesis result.展开更多
Objective:To explain barriers to childbearing among working women from the perspective of working women and midwives.Methods:In this study,a qualitative study of content analysis method was employed.The study was cond...Objective:To explain barriers to childbearing among working women from the perspective of working women and midwives.Methods:In this study,a qualitative study of content analysis method was employed.The study was conducted from December 2021 to July 2022.The population consisted of working women and midwives.Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews and continued until data saturation was achieved.Through purposeful sampling,10 women and 11 midwives were selected as the sample.The data were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman content analysis approach.For more rigorous,Nvivo 14 software was also used for data management,analysis,coding and organization of data.Results:This study included 21 women(10 women employees and 11 midwives)aged 25-43 years(for women employees)and 27-56 years(for midwives)with 1 to 34 years of job experience.In examination of participant’views about the barriers to childbearing,1124 codes were identified,of which we managed to extract six subthemes and two themes.Two themes emerged:“lack of social support and lack of family support”.Subthemes of“lack of social support”were“inadequate leave,long distance from workplace,and insufficient wages”.Subthemes of“lack of family support”were“lack of spouse support,lack of spouse's family support,and lack of their family support”.Conclusions:Different socioeconomic factors influence childbearing tendency in working women.Social and family supports play an important role in this regard.It is important to take these factors into account at the time of policymaking in the field of midwifery.展开更多
This study examines the nonlinear behaviors of a clamped-clamped porous pipe made of a functionally graded material(FGM)that conveys fluids and is equipped with a retaining clip,focusing on primary resonance and subcr...This study examines the nonlinear behaviors of a clamped-clamped porous pipe made of a functionally graded material(FGM)that conveys fluids and is equipped with a retaining clip,focusing on primary resonance and subcritical dynamics.The nonlinear governing equations for the FGM pipe are derived by the extended Hamilton's principle,and subsequently discretized through the application of the Galerkin method.The direct method of multi-scales is then used to solve the derived equations.A thorough analysis of various parameters,including the clip stiffness,the power-law index,the porosity,and the clip location,is conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the system's nonlinear dynamics.Through the analysis of the first natural frequency,the study highlights the influence of the flow velocity and the clip stiffness,while the comparisons with metallic pipes emphasize the role of FGM composition.The examination of the forced response curves reveals saddle-node bifurcations and their dependence on parameters such as the detuning parameter and the power-law index,offering valuable insights into the system's nonlinear resonant behavior.Furthermore,the frequency-response curves illustrate the hardening nonlinearities influenced by factors such as the porosity and the clip stiffness,revealing nuanced effects on the system response and resonance characteristics.This comprehensive analysis enhances the understanding of nonlinear behaviors in FGM porous pipes with a retaining clip,providing key insights for practical engineering applications in system design and optimization.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of this plant as adjunctive therapy on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication.METHODS:The plant capsules were prepared and their physicochemical properties were assessed.In this clin...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of this plant as adjunctive therapy on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication.METHODS:The plant capsules were prepared and their physicochemical properties were assessed.In this clinical trial,99 patients with H.pylori infection were randomized to receive Salvia mirzayanii Rech.f.&Esfand(S.mirzayanii)or placebo capsules for two weeks.All the patients in both groups received clarithromycin-based triple therapy.Both intention to treat and per protocol analyses were performed.Eradication rates,treatment side effects,and medication compliance were evaluated in both groups.RESULTS:H.pylori eradication rate of all the randomized participants was 59.59%.The eradication rate of H.pylori was significantly higher in S.mirzayanii group compared with that in the placebo group for per protocol analysis(84.62%,P=0.026)but not for intention to treat one(65.31%,P=0.252).There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the frequencies of the medications side effects and the patients with poor compliance.CONCLUSION:The use of S.mirzayanii as adjunctive therapy to 14-day clarithromycin-based triple therapy might improve H.pylori eradication rate.展开更多
文摘Wild rodents were collected using live snap traps in pistachio gardens of Kerman Province, Southeast Iran from 2007 to 2009, then some physiological parameters of them were measured. The samples were identified as follow: Nesokia indica, Meriones persicus, Meriones lybicus and Tatera indica. Blood samples were obtained from the heart, then the blood parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, HDL, red and white blood cell number) in wild species of rodents and laboratory rat were compared. The results showed that there were no significant differences in serum glucose, triglyceride, HDL and total protein levels among different experimental groups. The concentration of cholesterol in T. indica was more than that in N. indica (P < 0.01). The total numbers of red blood cells also showed significant difference between wild garden rodent species and laboratory rat (P < 0.01), while the numbers of white blood cells showed no significant difference.
文摘ObjectiveTo survey the prevalence of canine gastrointestinal helminthes in dogs presented to the Veterinary faculty of the University of Kerman between May and November 2011.MethodsA total of 70 fecal samples were evaluated by the fecal sedimentation method.ResultsThe prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes was 7.14%. The parasites most frequently detected were Toxocara canis (T. canis) (4.3%); Toxascaris leonina (T. leonina) (1.4%) and Teania spp. (1.4%). The age distribution of intestinal parasites in dogs showed that the dog less than 1 year old had a higher overall prevalence than those dogs over 12 months of age but there was not significant (P>0.05). Also there was no significant difference in the prevalence between male (7.7%) and female (6.5%) dogs (P>0.05).ConclusionsIt is thought that the reduction in the frequency of the dogs with those helminthes may be mainly a result of the improvement in breeding environment and the routine use of antihelmintics. The significance of zoonotic diseases caused by intestinal helminthes makes it necessary for us to know the infection status of domestic dogs and to take measures for further control. It is concluded that veterinarians have an important role in educating dog owners of these potential risks and means for preventing or minimizing zoonotic transmission.
基金the financial support of Kerman Provincial Gas Corporation&National Iranian Gas Company to conduct this research via Funding Sources of #062570 and#062571.
文摘Fault lineaments are the main input data in earthquake engineering and seismology studies.This study presents a digitally-based active fault map of the Kerman region in central-east Iran which experienced several devastating earthquakes on poorly exposed and/or not identified active faults.Using Landsat 8 data,we have carried out the image-based procedures of fault mapping,which include applying the contrast stretching technique,the principal component analysis,the color composite technique,the spectral rationing,and creating the false-color composite images.Besides,we have cross-checked the resulting map with the geological maps provided by the Geological Survey of Iran to decrease the associated uncertainties.The resulting map includes 123 fault segments,still,a part of which has been expressed in the previously compiled active-fault maps of Iran.Indeed,the new one is mapping the poorly exposed active faults,so-called secondary faults,which are able to produce strong events.These faults are primarily associated with poorly defined areas that accommodate low levels of seismicity;however,sporadic strong events are likely to occur.It has also been investigated that these kinds of faults are seismogenic and are able to produce destructive events.In total,the outcome of this study can also be jointed with seismic studies for investigating parts of the earthquake activity in central-east Iran,in particular for the fault-based approaches in impending earthquake-resistant buildings.
文摘Pemphigus has in the past been associated with a high mortality rate.However,with the discovery of corticosteroids,patient median survival has improved.Our purpose was to assess median survival after confirmed diagnosis of pemphigus in patients in Kerman,a southern province of Iran.Methods:All patients who were either admitted to the hospital or treated as outpatientsin Kerman from 22 September 1987 to 22 September 1999 and who had confirmed pemphigus were included in the study.Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the following variables were evaluated in a univariate analysis for an association with survival:age,sex,type of pemphigus,and type of therapy.Results:A total of 55 patients(38 female and 17 male)were identified.No significant differences were found between genders.The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 46.0 years.Older groups had a lower survival rate than younger groups(P < 0.001).The majority(82%)of cases were vulgaris/vegetans,and no significant differences were foundin 10-year survival for type of pemphigus.The patients who had been treated with corticosteroid(P > 0.05)s alone had longer median survival times than those who had been treated with corticosteroids plus azathioprine(P < 0.001).A total of 11 patients died;the median follow-up time for those still a live was 5.9 years(range 2-12 years).Estimated survival at 2,6 and 10 years was 92.7,86.8 and 61.5%,respectively.Conclusion:Overall median survival rate in patients with pemphigus was 10 years,regardless of gender or subtype of pemphigus.Survival was adversely affected by late onset.Those patients treated with immunosuppressives and corticosteroids also appeared to have reduced survival times when compared to those treated with corticosteroids alone.
文摘Background: Lichen planus (LP) is classified as a papulosquamous disease. It has been associated with liver disease, particularly hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in several studies. Most of these reports, especially the larger series, were conducted in Europe and Japan. Objective: We conducted a case-control stud y in Kerman, Iran to explore the association between LP andHCV.Methods: The stud y included 66 patients with LP (as cases; mean age=39.7 ±15.8 years; 31 female, 35 male) and 140 volunteer blood donors (as controls; mean age=29.5 ±8.4 years ; 43 females, 97 males). An enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the presence of anti-HCV antibodies in all subjects in both groups. To confirm positive diagnoses, a second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA II) test was performed. Results: Lichen planus lesions were most frequentl y located on the trunk and extremities, and the most common clinical type was ge neralized LP (48.5%). One of the patients with LP (1.5%) and three of the cont rols (2.1%) were HCV-Ab positive. No significant difference was observed in HC V-Ab positive between the two groups (OR=0.7; 95%CI=0.1-6.9). Conclusion: The findings indicate that an investigation for HCV infection should not necessaril y be performed in all patients with LP. It is recommended that further studies s hould focus on larger groups in other regions of Iran to determine whether testi ng for HCV infection is necessary in patients with LP.
文摘Known deposits are appropriate sites for investigating significant exploratory keys that could be helpful in mineral exploration in corresponding regions or similar areas. This study was performed to delineate hydrothermal alteration model and some geophysical characteristics of the SarKuh porphyry copper deposit located within the southern part of the central Iranian Cenozoic magmatic belt (CICMB). Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images have been used to produce hydrothermal alteration map using a fractal-aided spectral angle mapper (SAM) method. Airborne data were used to study magnetic-radiometric properties of the deposit. Image processing of ASTER images and laboratory studies proved the presence of two types of phyllic ale ration called intense and weak phyllic based on abundance of sericite mineral. It realized that radiometric anomalies of <sup>40</sup>K, eTh and eU are limited to boundary of phyllic zone. Radiometric ratios e.g. eTh/<sup>40</sup>K were good enough to enhance phyllic zone.
文摘Objective:To determine the frequency and causes of injuries from sharp instruments contaminated by blood in hospital staff.Methods:The study was cross-sectional and conducted at an educational hospital supervised by Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2018.Using a researcher-made questionnaire,we determine the frequency and causes of injuries from sharp instruments contaminated by blood in 142 hospital staff.Results:Of the 142 patients,68 persons (48%) did not have a history of needle stick injury,but 74 persons (52%) had suffered needle stick injury 1 to more than 5 times.Among those who suffered a needle stick,74.3% were trained,while 70.7% of those who did not suffer needle stick had been trained.The results indicated that the needle was the most common sharp instrument causing needle stick injury.Conclusions:The study showed a high prevalence of needle stick injury among hospital personnel specifically in ICU,orthopaedic and surgery departments.Supportive measures such as improving injection practices,modification of working schedule,planning training programs targeted at using personal protective equipment,and an adequate number of safety facilities for the effective prevention of needle stick injury incidents are needed.
文摘Using airborne radiometric geophysical data, one can easily investigate a wide region in a short time and with little cost to finally find areas that are rich in radioactive elements. In this research, the uranium exploration data were first organized, filtered and classified and then the frequency distribution tables and histograms were drawn. After drawing the histograms, the statistical parameters for radioactive elements were calculated. The separation of anomaly populations was done on the basis of distribution around mean value, that is, the resulting mean, mean + 1SD, mean + 2SD, and mean + 3SD were assumed to equal to background, threshold value, the possible anomaly and the probable anomaly, respectively. In the end, representative maps of anomalies and separation of anomaly populations from the background were presented based on classical statistical calculations.
文摘Accurate precipitation estimation in semiarid,topographically complicated areas is critical for water resource management and climate risk monitoring.This work provides a detailed,multi-scale evaluation of four major satellite precipitation products(CHIRPS,PERSIANN-CDR,IMERG-F v07,and GSMaP)over Isfahan province,Iran,over a 9-year period(2015-2023).The performance of these products was benchmarked against a dense network of 98 rain gauges using a suite of continuous and categorical statistical metrics,following a two-stage quality control protocol to remove outliers and false alarms.The results revealed that the performance of all products improves with temporal aggregation.At the daily level,GSMaP performed marginally better,although all products were linked with considerable uncertainty.At the monthly and annual levels,the GPM-era products(IMERG and GSMaP)clearly beat the other two,establishing themselves as dependable tools for long-term hydro-climatological studies.Error analysis revealed that topography is the dominant regulating factor,creating a systematic elevationdependent bias,largely characterized by underestimation from most products in high-elevation areas,though the PERSIANN-CDR product exhibited a contrasting overestimation tendency.Finally,the findings highlight the importance of implementing local,elevation-dependent calibration before deploying these products in hydrological modeling.
文摘Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)have become foundational in numerous real-world applications,ranging from environmental monitoring and industrial automation to healthcare systems and smart city development.As these networks continue to grow in scale and complexity,the need for energy-efficient,scalable,and robust communication protocols becomes more critical than ever.Metaheuristic algorithms have shown significant promise in addressing these challenges,offering flexible and effective solutions for optimizing WSN performance.Among them,the Grey Wolf Optimizer(GWO)algorithm has attracted growing attention due to its simplicity,fast convergence,and strong global search capabilities.Accordingly,this survey provides an in-depth review of the applications of GWO and its variants for clustering,multi-hop routing,and hybrid cluster-based routing in WSNs.We categorize and analyze the existing GWO-based approaches across these key network optimization tasks,discussing the different problem formulations,decision variables,objective functions,and performance metrics used.In doing so,we examine standard GWO,multi-objective GWO,and hybrid GWO models that incorporate other computational intelligence techniques.Each method is evaluated based on how effectively it addresses the core constraints of WSNs,including energy consumption,communication overhead,and network lifetime.Finally,this survey outlines existing gaps in the literature and proposes potential future research directions aimed at enhancing the effectiveness and real-world applicability of GWO-based techniques for WSN clustering and routing.Our goal is to provide researchers and practitioners with a clear,structured understanding of the current state of GWO in WSNs and inspire further innovation in this evolving field.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics.Given copper's extensive industrial applications,sustainable recovery from low-grade ores is critical.Five key parameters-acid concentration,leaching time,particle size,temperature,and solids percentage-were identified as major influences on copper recovery.The results revealed that leaching time and solids percentage,along with interactions between temperature-time and temperature-solids percentage,had the most significant effects.Optimal conditions for 80% copper recovery while minimizing iron recovery below 3% included an acid concentration of 1.21 mol L^(-1),a leaching time of 108 min,a particle size of 438μm,a temperature of 45℃,and a solids percentage of 18.2%.Leaching kinetics were analyzed using shrinking core models,with the Dickinson model best describing the process,showing an activation energy of 32.63 kJ mol^(-1),indicative of mixed diffusion and chemical reaction control.The final kinetic model effectively predicted the influence of key parameters.These findings highlight the importance of optimizing process variables and selecting suitable kinetic models to enhance extraction efficiency,reduce costs,and improve sustainability in copper recovery.
文摘Objective： To analyze the crash and injury data in forensic medicine for years of 2004-2007. Methods： A sample of over 567 accident cases （9 pedestrians, 116 bicyclists, and 442 motor vehicle occupants） was considered from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, involving drivers of all ages and covering a four-year period. Results： The male fatality rates were significantly higher than female ones. The groups at 15-30 years old and at 30-55 years old had the first and second highest numbers of deaths （40% and 34%, respectively）. There were substantial differences in distribution of injuries in motor vehicle occupants and pedestrians and bicyclists. Among motor vehicle occupants, there were more head injuries, such as skull fracture, brain contusion, subdural haemorrhage, and epidural haemorrhage. Nearly 77% of fatalities occurred during 08：00-22：00 in Sirjan. Internal bleeding was also higher in motor vehicle occupants. Pedestrians and bicyclists also had head injuries frequently. Conclusions： In spite of reduction of road traffic fatalities in Sirjan in 2007, it is still one of the cities with high road traffic fatality in the world. These results underline the importance of preventive strategies in transportation, suggesting that different methods are necessary to reduce fatalities of various traffic participants.
文摘Objective： To investigate the prevalence of mobile phone and seat belt use in driving in college students aged 18-24 years. Methods： The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was given to 265 college students. The sample contained 188 males and 77 females. In the second phase, the data pertaining to road accident injuries from March 20, 2007 to March 20, 2008 were collected from Bahonar Central Hospital in Kerman, Iran, and analyzed. Results： There were 14.0% of male and 19.0% of female participants traveled belted while driving on urban roads. It indicated that the participants unbelted or using mobile phone were more involved in accidents in last threeyears. This study also revealed that 19.0% of male and 4.2% of female drivers considered using mobile phone in driving not hazardous. The highest injury and property damage crash rates were 87 and 137 per 100 000 inhabitants, which occured in male group aged 18-24 years. And 30% of all fatalities were 19-24 years old. Conclusions： More than 50% ofcoUege students traveled unbelted. The females were less involved in road accident injuries. The college students aged 18-24 years had the highest percentages of trauma and head injury.
文摘Today,planning procedures which are used in different fields of decision making such as determination of optimum planting patterns are considered as important management issues.The importance of optimum planting patterns is highlighted when we learn that agricultural measures may have environmental side effects.Most economical analyses only focus on increasing economic gains of the farmers without regard to its environmental consequences.Therefore,one can argue that efficient managers should consider multiple purposes that cover both economic and environmental goals at the same time.This study attempted to identify an optimum mixed model of organic and non-organic production systems using a combination of AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process)approach andWeighted Goal Programming to consider environmental and economic indicators simultaneously.This procedure was employed in the current design to determine and compare an optimum pattern of mixed planting of organic and non-organic products.The study sample was cucumber,investigated in four farming systems:organic open field farming system,nonorganic greenhouse farming system,non-organic tunnel farming system and open field non-organic farming system in Jiroft,Kerman,with regard to paper indices.Following the proposed MCDM(Multiple Criteria Decision Making)model,cucumber planting in open field non-organic farming system was replaced by open field organic farming system.Economic and environmental indicators rose by 11.97%and 21.40%respectively in MCDM proposed plan in comparison with the existing farm plan,which indicates the feasibility of MCDM proposed plan in terms of economic and environmental indicators.
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects approxi-mately 0.46%of the global population.Conventional therapeutics for RA,including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs),nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),and corticosteroids,frequently result in unintended adverse effects.Dexamethasone(DEX)is a potent glucocorticoid used to treat RA due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.Liposomal delivery of DEX,particu-larly when liposomes are surface-modified with targeting ligands like peptides or sialic acid,can improve drug efficacy by enhancing its distribution to inflamed joints and minimizing toxicity.This study investigates the potential of liposomal drug delivery systems to enhance the efficacy and targeting of DEX in the treatment of RA.Results from various studies demonstrate that liposomal DEX significantly inhibits arthritis progression in animal models,reduces joint inflammation and damage,and alleviates cartilage destruction compared to free DEX.The liposomal formulation also shows better hemocompatibility,fewer adverse effects on body weight and immune organ index,and a longer circulation time with higher bioavailability.The anti-inflammatory mechanism is associated with the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and B-cell-activating factor(BAFF),which are key players in the pathogenesis of RA.Additionally,liposomal DEX can induce the expres-sion of anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10(IL-10),which has significant anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.The findings suggest that lipo-somal DEX represents a promising candidate for effective and safe RA therapy,with the potential to improve the management of this debilitating disease by providing targeted delivery and sustained release of the drug.
文摘Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate.Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),including exosomes,have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for various pathological conditions,especially cancer.Evidence indicates that changes in the quantity and composition of EVs can influence the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,potentially affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy.Exploiting EVs for immune sensitization has generated significant clinical interest.This review provides an in-depth understanding of the origin of EVs,their therapeutic applications(such as drug delivery nanoplatforms and cancer immunotherapies,including vaccines),diagnostic potential as tumor biomarkers,ongoing EV-based clinical trials,and the challenges encountered in EV-based cancer immunotherapy.
基金supported by Student Research Committee,Kerman University of Medical Sciences(Protocol No.1398.020,Date:09.08.2019).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of reality therapy counselling on the levels of stress,anxiety and depression of women awaiting the result of amniocentesis.Methods:This randomized clinical trial was conducted on the pregnant women who had referred to genetic laboratory to provide their amniocentesis samples in Isfahan,Iran from November 2019 to February 2020.Pregnant women were divided into the control and intervention groups.The control group received routine care.The intervention group received reality therapy counselling during eight merged sessions(two sessions in week).Each therapy session lasted for 90 to 120 minutes.Both groups completed the Depression,Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items(DASS-21)questionnaire level before and after the intervention.These three variables(depression,anxiety and stress)were the primary variables of the study.Results:64 pregnant women were included,with 32 in each group.Before the intervention,the mean score of anxiety and depression had no significant difference between the control and intervention groups,but after the reality therapy counselling,the mean scores of stress,anxiety,and depression in the intervention group decreased significantly compared to the control group(P<0.001).Conclusions:Reality therapy counselling can be offered as a simple,effective and accessible way to reduce stress,anxiety and depression in women awaiting amniocentesis result.
基金This study was supported by Kerman University of medical sciences,with grant number:95000387.
文摘Objective:To explain barriers to childbearing among working women from the perspective of working women and midwives.Methods:In this study,a qualitative study of content analysis method was employed.The study was conducted from December 2021 to July 2022.The population consisted of working women and midwives.Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews and continued until data saturation was achieved.Through purposeful sampling,10 women and 11 midwives were selected as the sample.The data were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman content analysis approach.For more rigorous,Nvivo 14 software was also used for data management,analysis,coding and organization of data.Results:This study included 21 women(10 women employees and 11 midwives)aged 25-43 years(for women employees)and 27-56 years(for midwives)with 1 to 34 years of job experience.In examination of participant’views about the barriers to childbearing,1124 codes were identified,of which we managed to extract six subthemes and two themes.Two themes emerged:“lack of social support and lack of family support”.Subthemes of“lack of social support”were“inadequate leave,long distance from workplace,and insufficient wages”.Subthemes of“lack of family support”were“lack of spouse support,lack of spouse's family support,and lack of their family support”.Conclusions:Different socioeconomic factors influence childbearing tendency in working women.Social and family supports play an important role in this regard.It is important to take these factors into account at the time of policymaking in the field of midwifery.
文摘This study examines the nonlinear behaviors of a clamped-clamped porous pipe made of a functionally graded material(FGM)that conveys fluids and is equipped with a retaining clip,focusing on primary resonance and subcritical dynamics.The nonlinear governing equations for the FGM pipe are derived by the extended Hamilton's principle,and subsequently discretized through the application of the Galerkin method.The direct method of multi-scales is then used to solve the derived equations.A thorough analysis of various parameters,including the clip stiffness,the power-law index,the porosity,and the clip location,is conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the system's nonlinear dynamics.Through the analysis of the first natural frequency,the study highlights the influence of the flow velocity and the clip stiffness,while the comparisons with metallic pipes emphasize the role of FGM composition.The examination of the forced response curves reveals saddle-node bifurcations and their dependence on parameters such as the detuning parameter and the power-law index,offering valuable insights into the system's nonlinear resonant behavior.Furthermore,the frequency-response curves illustrate the hardening nonlinearities influenced by factors such as the porosity and the clip stiffness,revealing nuanced effects on the system response and resonance characteristics.This comprehensive analysis enhances the understanding of nonlinear behaviors in FGM porous pipes with a retaining clip,providing key insights for practical engineering applications in system design and optimization.
基金Kerman University of Medical Sciences Project:Evaluating the Effects of Marmotti(Salvia mirzayanii Rech.f.&Esfand)Capsules as Adjunctive Treatment in Patients with Helicobacter Pylori Infection(No.98000128)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of this plant as adjunctive therapy on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication.METHODS:The plant capsules were prepared and their physicochemical properties were assessed.In this clinical trial,99 patients with H.pylori infection were randomized to receive Salvia mirzayanii Rech.f.&Esfand(S.mirzayanii)or placebo capsules for two weeks.All the patients in both groups received clarithromycin-based triple therapy.Both intention to treat and per protocol analyses were performed.Eradication rates,treatment side effects,and medication compliance were evaluated in both groups.RESULTS:H.pylori eradication rate of all the randomized participants was 59.59%.The eradication rate of H.pylori was significantly higher in S.mirzayanii group compared with that in the placebo group for per protocol analysis(84.62%,P=0.026)but not for intention to treat one(65.31%,P=0.252).There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the frequencies of the medications side effects and the patients with poor compliance.CONCLUSION:The use of S.mirzayanii as adjunctive therapy to 14-day clarithromycin-based triple therapy might improve H.pylori eradication rate.
