Objective:To evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiations emitted from mobile jammers onrat's reproductive parameters.Methods: Eighty male rats were divided into neonatal group (n=20), im...Objective:To evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiations emitted from mobile jammers onrat's reproductive parameters.Methods: Eighty male rats were divided into neonatal group (n=20), immature group (n=30) and mature group (n=30). Neonatal rats were randomly divided into two subgroups. Immature and mature rats were randomly divided into three subgroups. Experimental rats were fixed in the restraining tube and were exposed to radiofrequency radiations emitted from mobile jammers at a distance of 100 cm, for 30 d (7 h/d). Sham group rats were also fixed in restraining tube but without radiations. The control group was allowed to move freely without being exposed to radiation. At the end of the experiment, weight of testes, sperm quality, histological testicular sections and serum testosterone levels were evaluated.Results: Long-term exposure to radiofrequency from mobile jammers could adversely affect neonatal rat fertility, but it did not have significant effects on male mature and immature rat's reproduction parameters. However, restraint stress induced by immobilizing them for a long-period could adversely affect male mature rat's reproductive parameters, but it had no significant effect on male immature rat's reproduction parameters.Conclusion:The effects of EMF exposure to be various based on the life stage.展开更多
<strong>Background</strong>: <span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">As a part of modern life, using electromagnetic field exposure has increased. EMFs might ...<strong>Background</strong>: <span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">As a part of modern life, using electromagnetic field exposure has increased. EMFs might produce a variety of adverse effects on different parts of human body including the reproductive system. The consequences of exposure to the emitted EMFs from a hair dryer on sperm parameters were the major concerns of the present study.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Materials and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fifty four adult Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 9 groups. Samples from all experimental groups received exposure with two different modes: switch on (hot wind) and switch off (cold wind). Samples of group 1 (control) maintained under experimental conditions without any exposure. The exposure protocol for samples in groups 2 to 9 were 10</span></span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—on, 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—off, 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—on, 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—off, 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—on, 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—off, 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—on, 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—off. After exposure sperm motility was analyzed with a light microscope as a blind experiment. Nonparametric tests were used to detect statistically significant differences between different groups. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Findings of our study indicat</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ed</span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> no significant changes in the frequency of sluggish and non-motile sperms of rats in the control group compared to all treatment groups and showed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">statistically significant differences between the relative frequency of progressive </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sperms in control group rats compared to all treatment groups except groups 2 and 7. There were no statically significant changes</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">between groups with different time and distance. Sperm count and morphology were not affected by microwave emitted from hair dryer. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Exposure to the hair dryer microwaves affects sperm motility, which is amongst the key parameters determining the chance of conceiving.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiations emitted from mobile jammers onrat's reproductive parameters.Methods: Eighty male rats were divided into neonatal group (n=20), immature group (n=30) and mature group (n=30). Neonatal rats were randomly divided into two subgroups. Immature and mature rats were randomly divided into three subgroups. Experimental rats were fixed in the restraining tube and were exposed to radiofrequency radiations emitted from mobile jammers at a distance of 100 cm, for 30 d (7 h/d). Sham group rats were also fixed in restraining tube but without radiations. The control group was allowed to move freely without being exposed to radiation. At the end of the experiment, weight of testes, sperm quality, histological testicular sections and serum testosterone levels were evaluated.Results: Long-term exposure to radiofrequency from mobile jammers could adversely affect neonatal rat fertility, but it did not have significant effects on male mature and immature rat's reproduction parameters. However, restraint stress induced by immobilizing them for a long-period could adversely affect male mature rat's reproductive parameters, but it had no significant effect on male immature rat's reproduction parameters.Conclusion:The effects of EMF exposure to be various based on the life stage.
文摘<strong>Background</strong>: <span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">As a part of modern life, using electromagnetic field exposure has increased. EMFs might produce a variety of adverse effects on different parts of human body including the reproductive system. The consequences of exposure to the emitted EMFs from a hair dryer on sperm parameters were the major concerns of the present study.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Materials and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fifty four adult Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 9 groups. Samples from all experimental groups received exposure with two different modes: switch on (hot wind) and switch off (cold wind). Samples of group 1 (control) maintained under experimental conditions without any exposure. The exposure protocol for samples in groups 2 to 9 were 10</span></span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—on, 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—off, 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—on, 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—off, 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—on, 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 10</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—off, 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—on, 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm at 20</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">min—off. After exposure sperm motility was analyzed with a light microscope as a blind experiment. Nonparametric tests were used to detect statistically significant differences between different groups. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Findings of our study indicat</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ed</span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> no significant changes in the frequency of sluggish and non-motile sperms of rats in the control group compared to all treatment groups and showed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">statistically significant differences between the relative frequency of progressive </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sperms in control group rats compared to all treatment groups except groups 2 and 7. There were no statically significant changes</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">between groups with different time and distance. Sperm count and morphology were not affected by microwave emitted from hair dryer. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Exposure to the hair dryer microwaves affects sperm motility, which is amongst the key parameters determining the chance of conceiving.</span></span></span></span>
