Resilience studies for water distribution systems(WDS)coupled with other interdependent infrastructure systems attract increasing attention from stakeholders and researchers.However,most existing large-scale WDS model...Resilience studies for water distribution systems(WDS)coupled with other interdependent infrastructure systems attract increasing attention from stakeholders and researchers.However,most existing large-scale WDS models are single infrastructure-based without consideration of other infrastructure systems.This is due to a lack of needed information on systems coupling,the structure of the simulator used,and the computation load involved.To address these gaps,this paper presents a synthetic modeling framework for a real-world WDS as coordinating with other infrastructure systems via a building-mediated clustering approach through consideration of physical distance and node capacity.First,the WDS network topology and operation parameters are inferred via bulk open-source information.A building-mediated clustering approach is designed to systematically derive the interdependence between the WDS and the power system similarly created as a case study.Second,a novel linearization method is developed in formulating the WDS model that can relieve computation load while maintaining accuracy.Finally,a disruption-recovery framework is developed to demonstrate the proposed methodology in modelling WDS resilience.The framework is applied to a neighborhood in Queenstown,Singapore,an area of 20.43 km^(2) and 96,000 population.The near-real-time simulations on the coupled system involving 308 nodes and 384 links showcase the effectiveness and application of the proposed synthetic modeling and formulation.展开更多
C-glycosides have been demonstrated to have distinct biological functions and therefore display notable pharmacological values,whereas the access to the versatile structural analog of C-glycosides is a significant cha...C-glycosides have been demonstrated to have distinct biological functions and therefore display notable pharmacological values,whereas the access to the versatile structural analog of C-glycosides is a significant challenge to their advancement as therapeutic agents.We herein disclose a facial and efficient catalytic C-glycosylation using a glycosyl ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbony lcyclopropylbenzoate(CCBz)as the donor.The trailblazing glycosyl donor can be simply activated by a non-toxic and easily accessible Sc(Ⅲ)catalyst.The ring-strain release of the incorporated donor-acceptor cyclopropane(DAC)serves as a powerful driving force of the glycosylation system.The adaptability of current methods to different types of donors and acceptors was exemplified.Examinations on the synthetic potential were done with the one-pot synthesis of free C-indolyl-glycosides and the subsequent biological studies,unlocking the antibacterial potentials of these compounds.展开更多
Non-graphitized carbon(NGC)has been extensively utilized as carbonaceous anode in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,more optimization to achieve competitive capacity and stability is still challenging for SIBs.In the...Non-graphitized carbon(NGC)has been extensively utilized as carbonaceous anode in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,more optimization to achieve competitive capacity and stability is still challenging for SIBs.In the study,the dopant strategy is utilized to construct nitrogen/sulfur-doped non-graphitized carbon(N-NGC or S-NGC)shell decorated on three-dimensional graphene foam(GF)as a self-support electrode.The highly disordered microstructures of heteroatom doped carbons are produced by applying a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment to precursors containing nitrogen and sulfur.The DFT calculations of Na-ion adsorption energies at diverse heteroatom sites show marginal-S,pyrrolic N and pyridinic N with more intensive Na-ion adsorption ability than middle-S,C=O and pristine carbon.The N-NGC with dominant small graphitic regions delivers adsorption ability to Na-ion,while the S-NGC with significant single carbon lattice stripes demonstrates redox reaction with Na-ion.Evidently,in comparison with only adsorption-driven slope regions at high potential for N-NGC,the redox reaction-generated potentialplateau enables non-graphitized S-NGC superior discharge/charge capacity and cycle-stability in the slope region.This work could provide deep insight into the rational design of non-graphitized carbon with rich microstructure and composition.展开更多
Transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs) mimic eukaryotic transcriptional activators and translocate into host plant cells via the bacterial type Ⅲ secretion system(T3SS) during pathogenic interactions. They pla...Transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs) mimic eukaryotic transcriptional activators and translocate into host plant cells via the bacterial type Ⅲ secretion system(T3SS) during pathogenic interactions. They play a crucial role in disease development by regulating host genes. Despite this, the regulatory mechanisms by which TALEs control OsWRKY transcription factors(TFs) remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that two TALEs from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo) individually modulate two OsWRKY TFs, resulting in increased susceptibility and reduced host defense.Specifically, Xoo1219 and Xoo2145 activate the expression of OsWRKY104 and OsWRKY55, respectively, through direct interactions. OsWRKY104 increases the susceptibility to Xoo by activating OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14, while OsWRKY55suppresses host defense against Xoo by directly regulating OsWRKY62. These findings suggest that TALEs hijack the host's OsWRKY TFs to create a favorable environment for bacterial survival.展开更多
Transitional metal oxides have a wide range of applications due to their superior properties.The enhanced performance of metal oxide relies on their desirable oxidation states,which is challenging to achieve and requi...Transitional metal oxides have a wide range of applications due to their superior properties.The enhanced performance of metal oxide relies on their desirable oxidation states,which is challenging to achieve and requires complex post-processes.This study demonstrates a facile strategy enabling rapid phase transformation of transition metal oxide.The approach involves synthesis of a tetragonal Mn_(3)O_(4)/carbon cloth composite using the liquid plasma discharge deposition(LPDD)technique,followed by laser irradiation with the presence of ethylene glycol under an N_(2)gas environment.The resulting face-centered cubic Mn O/carbon cloth electrode exhibits an excellent capacitance of 1,125 Fg_(-1)at 2 A g^(-1),with remarkable capacitance retention of 95%after 10,000 cycles.This approach can be extended to other transition metals including Co,Cu,Cr,Fe,Ni,and Zn.Computational simulations reveal the significance of ethylene glycol and the underlying mechanism associated with the phase transformation of transition metal oxides.The present study offers a powerful technique for the phase transformation of transition metal oxide which can guide the development of new electrode materials with enhanced electrochemical properties for high-performance energy storage applications.展开更多
Urban infrastructures are invariably constituted by social and technical components whose capacity to withstand crisis is determined by the resilience of their sociotechnical structures.This study aims to apply the pr...Urban infrastructures are invariably constituted by social and technical components whose capacity to withstand crisis is determined by the resilience of their sociotechnical structures.This study aims to apply the principles of sociotechnical resilience in modeling and simulating disaster response in urban areas.Drawing on a case study of Jakarta,Indonesia,our study focuses on the role of hospitals as part of healthcare infrastructure in response to a large-scale disaster.Each hospital is modeled as a coordinated location with a certain amount of resources,primarily in terms of medical staff.We perform sensitivity analysis through Monte Carlo simulations to observe the impacts of various response strategies,disaster severity,and communication duration on system resilience.The results show that centralized systems are generally more suitable for dealing with low disaster severity,while the decentralized strategy performs better during a disaster with worse impacts.Additionally,the time taken for communication and coordination can significantly affect the performance of centralized systems.By simulating various scenarios,parameters,and recovery protocols,the model we developed can help policymakers,city planners,and other stakeholders design proper response strategies suitable to their structural conditions and available resources during a large-scale disaster in urban cities.展开更多
Silica nanoparticles have been studied extensively in biomedical field due to their high biocompatibility,controllable morphology and so on.They can be used both as the drug carrier and imaging vehicle.Here,an aminate...Silica nanoparticles have been studied extensively in biomedical field due to their high biocompatibility,controllable morphology and so on.They can be used both as the drug carrier and imaging vehicle.Here,an aminated ultra-small silica nanoparticle based system is developed with various functionalities.Multiple molecules including fluorophore,folic acid,and antibody are coupled to this system to achieve specific applications such as bacterial/cell labelling and recognition.展开更多
文摘Resilience studies for water distribution systems(WDS)coupled with other interdependent infrastructure systems attract increasing attention from stakeholders and researchers.However,most existing large-scale WDS models are single infrastructure-based without consideration of other infrastructure systems.This is due to a lack of needed information on systems coupling,the structure of the simulator used,and the computation load involved.To address these gaps,this paper presents a synthetic modeling framework for a real-world WDS as coordinating with other infrastructure systems via a building-mediated clustering approach through consideration of physical distance and node capacity.First,the WDS network topology and operation parameters are inferred via bulk open-source information.A building-mediated clustering approach is designed to systematically derive the interdependence between the WDS and the power system similarly created as a case study.Second,a novel linearization method is developed in formulating the WDS model that can relieve computation load while maintaining accuracy.Finally,a disruption-recovery framework is developed to demonstrate the proposed methodology in modelling WDS resilience.The framework is applied to a neighborhood in Queenstown,Singapore,an area of 20.43 km^(2) and 96,000 population.The near-real-time simulations on the coupled system involving 308 nodes and 384 links showcase the effectiveness and application of the proposed synthetic modeling and formulation.
基金Ministry of Education(MOE-T2EP30120-0007,Tier-1 RG107/23)of Singapore for the financial support.
文摘C-glycosides have been demonstrated to have distinct biological functions and therefore display notable pharmacological values,whereas the access to the versatile structural analog of C-glycosides is a significant challenge to their advancement as therapeutic agents.We herein disclose a facial and efficient catalytic C-glycosylation using a glycosyl ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbony lcyclopropylbenzoate(CCBz)as the donor.The trailblazing glycosyl donor can be simply activated by a non-toxic and easily accessible Sc(Ⅲ)catalyst.The ring-strain release of the incorporated donor-acceptor cyclopropane(DAC)serves as a powerful driving force of the glycosylation system.The adaptability of current methods to different types of donors and acceptors was exemplified.Examinations on the synthetic potential were done with the one-pot synthesis of free C-indolyl-glycosides and the subsequent biological studies,unlocking the antibacterial potentials of these compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272296,51502092)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JKD01211601,1222201718002)+1 种基金the National Overseas High-Level Talent Youth Program in Chinathe Eastern Scholar Project of Shanghai。
文摘Non-graphitized carbon(NGC)has been extensively utilized as carbonaceous anode in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,more optimization to achieve competitive capacity and stability is still challenging for SIBs.In the study,the dopant strategy is utilized to construct nitrogen/sulfur-doped non-graphitized carbon(N-NGC or S-NGC)shell decorated on three-dimensional graphene foam(GF)as a self-support electrode.The highly disordered microstructures of heteroatom doped carbons are produced by applying a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment to precursors containing nitrogen and sulfur.The DFT calculations of Na-ion adsorption energies at diverse heteroatom sites show marginal-S,pyrrolic N and pyridinic N with more intensive Na-ion adsorption ability than middle-S,C=O and pristine carbon.The N-NGC with dominant small graphitic regions delivers adsorption ability to Na-ion,while the S-NGC with significant single carbon lattice stripes demonstrates redox reaction with Na-ion.Evidently,in comparison with only adsorption-driven slope regions at high potential for N-NGC,the redox reaction-generated potentialplateau enables non-graphitized S-NGC superior discharge/charge capacity and cycle-stability in the slope region.This work could provide deep insight into the rational design of non-graphitized carbon with rich microstructure and composition.
基金support of the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program of the Rural Development Administration(PJ013269)the Brain Pool Program of the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea(RS-2023-00262576)M.-Y.J.was supported by an NRF grant funded by the Korean government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(RS-2025000518246).
文摘Transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs) mimic eukaryotic transcriptional activators and translocate into host plant cells via the bacterial type Ⅲ secretion system(T3SS) during pathogenic interactions. They play a crucial role in disease development by regulating host genes. Despite this, the regulatory mechanisms by which TALEs control OsWRKY transcription factors(TFs) remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that two TALEs from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo) individually modulate two OsWRKY TFs, resulting in increased susceptibility and reduced host defense.Specifically, Xoo1219 and Xoo2145 activate the expression of OsWRKY104 and OsWRKY55, respectively, through direct interactions. OsWRKY104 increases the susceptibility to Xoo by activating OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14, while OsWRKY55suppresses host defense against Xoo by directly regulating OsWRKY62. These findings suggest that TALEs hijack the host's OsWRKY TFs to create a favorable environment for bacterial survival.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2021-MS-260)。
文摘Transitional metal oxides have a wide range of applications due to their superior properties.The enhanced performance of metal oxide relies on their desirable oxidation states,which is challenging to achieve and requires complex post-processes.This study demonstrates a facile strategy enabling rapid phase transformation of transition metal oxide.The approach involves synthesis of a tetragonal Mn_(3)O_(4)/carbon cloth composite using the liquid plasma discharge deposition(LPDD)technique,followed by laser irradiation with the presence of ethylene glycol under an N_(2)gas environment.The resulting face-centered cubic Mn O/carbon cloth electrode exhibits an excellent capacitance of 1,125 Fg_(-1)at 2 A g^(-1),with remarkable capacitance retention of 95%after 10,000 cycles.This approach can be extended to other transition metals including Co,Cu,Cr,Fe,Ni,and Zn.Computational simulations reveal the significance of ethylene glycol and the underlying mechanism associated with the phase transformation of transition metal oxides.The present study offers a powerful technique for the phase transformation of transition metal oxide which can guide the development of new electrode materials with enhanced electrochemical properties for high-performance energy storage applications.
基金the National Research Foundation of Singapore(NRF)under its Campus for Re-search Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)programme(FI 370074011).
文摘Urban infrastructures are invariably constituted by social and technical components whose capacity to withstand crisis is determined by the resilience of their sociotechnical structures.This study aims to apply the principles of sociotechnical resilience in modeling and simulating disaster response in urban areas.Drawing on a case study of Jakarta,Indonesia,our study focuses on the role of hospitals as part of healthcare infrastructure in response to a large-scale disaster.Each hospital is modeled as a coordinated location with a certain amount of resources,primarily in terms of medical staff.We perform sensitivity analysis through Monte Carlo simulations to observe the impacts of various response strategies,disaster severity,and communication duration on system resilience.The results show that centralized systems are generally more suitable for dealing with low disaster severity,while the decentralized strategy performs better during a disaster with worse impacts.Additionally,the time taken for communication and coordination can significantly affect the performance of centralized systems.By simulating various scenarios,parameters,and recovery protocols,the model we developed can help policymakers,city planners,and other stakeholders design proper response strategies suitable to their structural conditions and available resources during a large-scale disaster in urban cities.
基金This work was supported by Singapore MOE Academic Research Fund(AcRF)Tier 1 grant(RG49/18)Additive Manufacturing for Biological Materials(AMBM)program from Singapore A*STAR Science and Engineering Research Council(A18A8b0059).
文摘Silica nanoparticles have been studied extensively in biomedical field due to their high biocompatibility,controllable morphology and so on.They can be used both as the drug carrier and imaging vehicle.Here,an aminated ultra-small silica nanoparticle based system is developed with various functionalities.Multiple molecules including fluorophore,folic acid,and antibody are coupled to this system to achieve specific applications such as bacterial/cell labelling and recognition.
