The large-scale production of high-Ti steels is limited by the formation of Ti-containing oxides or nitrides in steel-slag reactions during continuous casting.These processes degrade mold flux properties,clog submerge...The large-scale production of high-Ti steels is limited by the formation of Ti-containing oxides or nitrides in steel-slag reactions during continuous casting.These processes degrade mold flux properties,clog submerged entry nozzles,form floaters in the molds,and produce various surface defects on the cast slabs.This review summarizes the effects of nonmetallic inclusions on traditional CaO-SiO_(2)-based(CS)mold fluxes and novel CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-based(CA)low-or non-reactive fluxes containing TiO_(2),BaO,and B_(2)O_(3)additives to avoid undesirable steel,slag,and inclusion reactions,with the aim of providing a new perspective for research and practice related to balancing the lubrication and heat transfer of mold fluxes to promote smooth operation and reduce surface defects on cast slabs.For traditional CS mold flux,although the addition of solvents such as Na_(2)O,Li_(2)O,and B_(2)O_(3)can enhance flowability,steel-slag reactions persist,limiting the effectiveness of CS mold fluxes in high-Ti steel casting.Low-or non-reactive CA mold fluxes with reduced SiO_(2)content are a research focus,where adding other components can significantly change flux characteristics.Replacing CaO with BaO can lower the melting point and inhibit crystallization,allowing the flux to maintain good flowability at low temperatures.Replacing SiO_(2)with TiO_(2)can stabilize the viscosity and enhance heat transfer.To reduce the environmental impact,fluorides are replaced with components such as TiO_(2),B_(2)O_(3),BaO,Li_(2)O,and Na_(2)O for F-frce mold fluxes with similar lubrication,crystallization,and heat-transfer effects.When TiO_(2)replaces CaF_(2),it stabilizes the viscosity and enhances the heat conductivity,forming CaTiO_(3)and CaSiTiO_(5)phases instead of cuspidine to control crystallization.B_(2)O_(3)lowers the melting point and suppresses crystallization,forming phases such as Ca_(3)B_(2)O_(6)and Ca_(11)Si_(4)B_(2)O_(22).BaO introduces non-bridging oxygen to reduce viscosity and ensure flux flowability at low temperatures.However,further studies are required to determine the optimal mold flux compositions corresponding to the steel grades and the interactions between the various components of the mold flux.In the future,the practical application of new mold fluxes for high-Ti steel will become the focus of further verification to achieve a balance between lubrication and heat transfer,which is expected to minimize the occurrence of casting problems and slab defects.展开更多
Introduction: In patients undergoing surgery for mitral valve replacement (MVR) for valvular heart disease, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) has been considered a major risk factor. In this prospective study, we ha...Introduction: In patients undergoing surgery for mitral valve replacement (MVR) for valvular heart disease, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) has been considered a major risk factor. In this prospective study, we have studied the early hemodynamic changes and post-operative outcomes of MVR among patients with severe PAH. Methods: 68 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve replacement for severe rheumatic mitral valve disease with severe PAH (pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) > 50 mmHg) were studied prospectively for immediate postoperative hemodynamics and outcomes. The mean age of the patients was 32.1 years. 32 (47.05%) patients had mitral stenosis, 13 (19.11%) had mitral regurgitation and 23 (33.82%) had mixed lesions. Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative pulmonary artery pressures. In 56 patients (82.35%, group I) PAP was sub-systemic or systemic, with a mean of 58.4 mmHg. Twelve patients (17.65%, group II) had supra-systemic PAP with a mean of 82.4 mmHg. Results: After mitral valve replacement, the PAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreased significantly in group I to near normal levels. In group II also the PAP and PVR decreased significantly but significant residual PAH remained. Operative mortality was 3.5% in group I and 16.6% in group II. Conclusions: MVR is safe and effective at the presence of severe PAH as long as the PAP is below or equal to systemic pressures. With suprasystemic PAP, MVR carries a high risk of mortality and the patient continues to have severe PAH in the postoperative period.展开更多
Research into the moisture transport processes in porous materials is primarily important for theoretical modelling and industrial applications in the design of energy saving buildings and living environments, etc. Ba...Research into the moisture transport processes in porous materials is primarily important for theoretical modelling and industrial applications in the design of energy saving buildings and living environments, etc. Based on experimental investigation, we propose new models which describe one-dimensional transport through one-layered uniform materials and dissimilar two-layered composites. Diffusivity as a function of moisture content is obtained through a Boltzman transformation, master curves, and combined numerical and regression techniques. Transport processes in one and two-layered composites are simulated on the basis of extended unsaturated Darcy’s Law using the finite element method (FEM). Simulation results show significantly different transport patterns of moisture profile when moisture migrates in different directions, and high agreement with experimental moisture profiles. Keywords Porous materials - moisture transport - two-layered composites - modelling and simulation Qingguo Wang graduated from Hebei Normal University, China, in 1985. He received the M.Sc. degree from Beijing Petroleum University in 1988 and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Luton, UK, in 2005. He is currently a Research Associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics at the University of Liverpool, UK and an Associate Professor of Shijiazhuang Mechanical Engineering College, China. His research interests include measurement and control, mass and heat transportation, EMC, etc.Kemal Ahmet graduated in physics from the University of Leeds. Following the completion of his masters degree, he completed his Ph.D. at the University of London in the area of nuclear instrumentation in 1992. Until recently, he was a Principal Lecturer at the University of Luton, leading a research group in moisture instrumentation, measurement and monitoring. In 2004 he joined Medtronic, world leader in medical technology, and is currently working in the Neurologic Technologies division as a specialist in powered surgical instrumentation.Young Yue is a Principal Lecturer at the University of Luton, UK. He holds a B.Sc. in mechanical engineering from the Northeastern University, China, and a Ph.D. from Heriot-Watt University, UK. He is a chartered engineer and a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, UK. Dr. Yue has been working in academia for 15 years following his 8 years of industrial experience. His main research interests are CAD/CAM, geometric modelling, virtual reality, and pattern recognition. He has over 70 publications in refereed books, journals and conferences.展开更多
In this paper, the author presented an overview of scientific research in universities of Vietnam in present and analyzed and assessed its effects on the quality of education in universities. The information to write ...In this paper, the author presented an overview of scientific research in universities of Vietnam in present and analyzed and assessed its effects on the quality of education in universities. The information to write this article was obtained in the references and from the management practice for the universities and the research institute.展开更多
Owing to safety issue and low energy density of liquid lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASLMBs)with unique all-solid-state electrolytes(SEs)have attracted wide attentions.This arises...Owing to safety issue and low energy density of liquid lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASLMBs)with unique all-solid-state electrolytes(SEs)have attracted wide attentions.This arises mainly from the advantages of the SEs in the suppression of lithium dendrite growth,long cycle life,and broad working temperature range,showing huge potential applications in electronic devices,electric vehicles,smart grids,and biomedical devices.However,SEs suffer from low lithiumion conductivity and low mechanical integrity,slowing down the development of practical ASLMBs.Nanostructure engineering is of great efficiency in tuning the structure and composition of the SEs with improved lithium-ion conductivity and mechanical integrity.Among various available technologies for nanostructure engineering,electrospinning is a promising technique because of its simple operation,cost-effectiveness,and efficient integration with different components.In this review,we will first give a simple description of the electrospinning process.Then,the use of electrospinning technique in the synthesis of various SEs is summarized,for example,organic nanofibrous matrix,organic/inorganic nanofibrous matrix,and inorganic nanofibrous matrix combined with other components.The current development of the advanced architectures of SEs through electrospinning technology is also presented to provide references and ideas for designing high-performance ASLMBs.Finally,an outlook and further challenges in the preparation of advanced SEs for ASLMBs through electrospinning engineering are given.展开更多
In this experiment carried out on Caribbean chili pepper plants(Capsicum chinensis),the bio-insecticide azadirachtin in combination with an NPK fertilizer proved to have a greater lethal impact on the larvae of Aedes ...In this experiment carried out on Caribbean chili pepper plants(Capsicum chinensis),the bio-insecticide azadirachtin in combination with an NPK fertilizer proved to have a greater lethal impact on the larvae of Aedes albopictus than each substance on its own.This synergistic effect is noticeably important when both inputs are sprayed directly on the leaves of the plant(foliar application).While the plants treated with azadirachtin or NPK alone cause a 33.6%and 36.4%mortal-ity respectively of the Ae.albopictus larvae,the combination of the two inputs induces a 74.4%mortality on the mosquito larvae.To account for this synergistic effect phenomenon inside the plant,the azadirachtin+NPK combination most likely interacts with the capsaicinoid compounds naturally produced by the plant.Not only does this study carried out on azadirachtin reveal major results but the methodology itself offers a most interesting approach on how to boost the agricultural inputs within the plants.As a matter of fact,this research axis demands developing since the control of pests harmful to men has been dramatically lacking insecticide molecules acting on new targets over the past three decades.展开更多
Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military...Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps(ROTC) cadets(n=286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training exercise.Methods: The sleep of ROTC cadets(n=286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets(n=140).Results: Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep(P≤0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime(22:21±1:30 vs. 22:13±0:40, P=0.21) and waketime(04:30±2:17 vs. 04:31±0:47, P=0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed(TIB) for major sleep intervals(352±29) min and self-report nightly sleep duration [(337±57) min, P=0.006] than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB [(177±42) min, P≤0.001].Conclusions: Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.展开更多
Malignant gastric outlet obstruction(mGOO)is a major condition affecting patients with periampullary tumors,including pancreatic cancer.The current treatment options include surgical gastroenterostomy,endoscopic stent...Malignant gastric outlet obstruction(mGOO)is a major condition affecting patients with periampullary tumors,including pancreatic cancer.The current treatment options include surgical gastroenterostomy,endoscopic stenting and more recently EUS-guided gastroenterostomy.Most studies comparing the outcomes of the three procedures focus on technical success,clinical success and safety.Several“occult”outcomes relevant to the patient’s viewpoints and perspective may ultimately impact on cancer-related and overall survival,such as body mass composition,nutritional biomarkers,chemotherapy tolerance and patient-reported quality of life.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of potential key outcomes that should be explored in future comparative research around mGOO treatment options.展开更多
After his graduation with a U.S.PhD degree in 2013,Wei Chenji was immediately enrolled by RIPED of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC).He was quickly deployed to the Middle East projects undertaken by the Oilfi...After his graduation with a U.S.PhD degree in 2013,Wei Chenji was immediately enrolled by RIPED of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC).He was quickly deployed to the Middle East projects undertaken by the Oilfield Development Institute due to his excellent professional skills and proficiency in English.Within just seven years,Wei was promoted from a“freshman”to the Director of the Abu Dhabi Project of RIPED’s Oilfield Development Institute.展开更多
Lanthanide(Ln^(3+))-doped photon avalanche(PA)upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)have great prospects in many frontier applications,such as super-resolution bioimaging,miniaturized lasers,single-molecule tracking,and qu...Lanthanide(Ln^(3+))-doped photon avalanche(PA)upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)have great prospects in many frontier applications,such as super-resolution bioimaging,miniaturized lasers,single-molecule tracking,and quantum optics.However,it remains challenging to realize PA in colloidal Ln^(3+)-doped UCNPs at room temperature(RT),due to the deleterious quenching effect associated with the surface and lattice OH^(-)defects.展开更多
Augmented reality(onwards,AR)technologies are now much more complex and feature a higher number of details thanks to advancements in information and communication technologies(ICTs).Today’s systems can be easily adap...Augmented reality(onwards,AR)technologies are now much more complex and feature a higher number of details thanks to advancements in information and communication technologies(ICTs).Today’s systems can be easily adapted and packaged into smartphone apps which enable a wide range of applications in real and clinical practice.The impact on behavioral health treatments,rehabilitation and healthcare system in general is just beginning to become evident[1]but still,more research providing evidence-based practices is required.展开更多
For a long time,researchers have been fascinated by the structurally diverse and high-performance characteristics of polyoxometalates(POMs).Modifying POMs with various types and properties of metals has broadened thei...For a long time,researchers have been fascinated by the structurally diverse and high-performance characteristics of polyoxometalates(POMs).Modifying POMs with various types and properties of metals has broadened their applications in fields such as magnetism,luminescence,and catalysis.However,despite the discovery of numerous POM structures doped with transition metal ions,the development of aluminum(Al)as aⅢA group metal in the POM field has been slow.Aluminum,the most abundant metal in nature,offers innate electron-deficient properties that,when combined with highly charged POMs,could introduce novel structures and excellent functionalities like proton conduction to this field.Therefore,this review will address the gap in summarizing Al-containing POMs by categorizing and summarizing the synthesis,structural characteristics,and properties of Al-containing POMs,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for exploring POM structures doped with Al atoms.The review also analyzes and forecasts the prospects in this field.展开更多
Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)and two-photon absorption(TPA)materials have garnered considerable attentions due to their minimal energy loss and superior optical penetration[1,2].However,the current challenge ...Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)and two-photon absorption(TPA)materials have garnered considerable attentions due to their minimal energy loss and superior optical penetration[1,2].However,the current challenge lies in the absence of well-developed strategies for designing materials that combine these two exceptional optical properties.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a crucial,eco-friendly oxidizing agent with a wide range of industrial,environmental,and biomedical applications.Traditional production methods,such as the anthraquinone process,face si...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a crucial,eco-friendly oxidizing agent with a wide range of industrial,environmental,and biomedical applications.Traditional production methods,such as the anthraquinone process,face significant challenges in terms of energy consumption and environmental impact.As a sustainable alternative,photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production,driven by solar energy,has emerged as a promising approach.This review discusses the key advancements in photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) synthesis,focusing on overcoming challenges such as charge recombination,selectivity for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(-)ORR),and catalyst stability.Recent innovations in photocatalyst design,including high-entropy materials,single-atom catalysts,and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),have significantly enhanced efficiency and stability.Furthermore,novel strategies for optimizing charge separation,light harvesting,and mass transfer are explored.The integration of artificial intelligence and bioinspired systems holds potential for accelerating progress in this field.This review provides a comprehensive overview of current challenges and cutting-edge solutions,offering valuable insights for the development of scalable,decentralized H_(2)O_(2) production systems that contribute to a more sustainable future.展开更多
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of neuroinflammation.While current studies primarily attribute its effects to neurons and glial ce...The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of neuroinflammation.While current studies primarily attribute its effects to neurons and glial cells,emerging research suggests that cGAS-STING signaling may play a critical role in cerebral vasculature,particularly in brain endothelial cells.Therefore,studying the role 7of inflammation caused by the cGAS-STING pathway in brain endothelial cells could provide a more comprehensive understanding of neuroinflammatory disease and new avenues for therapeutic interventions.Here,we review the multifaceted role of global cGAS-STING signaling in various neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases and the potential contribution of cGAS-STING in brain endothelial cells.展开更多
This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble lear...This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble learning techniques:DAGGING(DG),MULTIBOOST(MB),and ADABOOST(AB).This combination resulted in three distinct ensemble models:DG-RBFN,MB-RBFN,and AB-RBFN.Additionally,a traditional weighted method,Information Value(IV),and a benchmark machine learning(ML)model,Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network(MLP),were employed for comparison and validation.The models were developed using ten landslide conditioning factors,which included slope,aspect,elevation,curvature,land cover,geomorphology,overburden depth,lithology,distance to rivers and distance to roads.These factors were instrumental in predicting the output variable,which was the probability of landslide occurrence.Statistical analysis of the models’performance indicated that the DG-RBFN model,with an Area Under ROC Curve(AUC)of 0.931,outperformed the other models.The AB-RBFN model achieved an AUC of 0.929,the MB-RBFN model had an AUC of 0.913,and the MLP model recorded an AUC of 0.926.These results suggest that the advanced ensemble ML model DG-RBFN was more accurate than traditional statistical model,single MLP model,and other ensemble models in preparing trustworthy landslide susceptibility maps,thereby enhancing land use planning and decision-making.展开更多
Small-sized Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S solid solution nanomaterial is an important candidate for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution(PHE),but it still suffers from easy agglomeration,severe photo corrosion,and fast pho...Small-sized Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S solid solution nanomaterial is an important candidate for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution(PHE),but it still suffers from easy agglomeration,severe photo corrosion,and fast photogenerated electron-hole recombination.To tackle these issues,herein,we propose a new strategy to modify Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S nanoreactors by the simultaneous utilization of ionic-liquid-assisted morphology engineering and MXene-incorporating method.That is,we designed and synthesized a novel hierarchi-cal Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S/Ti_(3) C_(2) Schottky junction composite through the in-situ deposition of ultrathin Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S nanosheets on unique IL-modified Ti_(3) C_(2) MXenes by a one-pot solvothermal method for efficiently PHE.The unique construction strategy tailors the thickness of ultrathin Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S nanosheets and prevents them from stacking and agglomeration,and especially,optimizes their charge transfer pathways during the photocatalytic process.Compared with pristine Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S nanosheets,Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S/Ti_(3) C_(2) has abun-dant photogenerated electrons available on the Ti_(3) C_(2) surface for proton reduction reaction,owing to the absence of deep-trapped electrons,suppression of electron-hole recombination in Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S and high-efficiency charge separation at the Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S/Ti_(3) C_(2) Schottky junction interface.Moreover,the hy-drophilicity,electrical conductivity,visible-light absorption capacity,and surficial hydrogen desorption of Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S/Ti_(3) C_(2) heterostructure are significantly improved.As a result,the heterostructure exhibits out-standing photocatalytic stability and super high apparent quantum efficiency,being rendered as one of the best noble-metal-free Cd-Zn-S-based photocatalysts.This work illustrates the mechanisms of mor-phology control and heterojunction construction in controlling the catalytic behavior of photocatalysts and highlights the great potential of the IL-assisted route in the synthesis of high-performance MXene-based heterostructures for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.展开更多
Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune system.This exploration is particularly significant in understanding micro...Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune system.This exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new therapies.We challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial activation.By dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s progression.This article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to neuroimmunology.Adopting such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.展开更多
Lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))doping provides a potential strategy to control over the luminescent properties of lead-free halide double perovskite nanocrystals(DP NCs).However,due to the low energy transfer efficiency betw...Lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))doping provides a potential strategy to control over the luminescent properties of lead-free halide double perovskite nanocrystals(DP NCs).However,due to the low energy transfer efficiency between self-trapped exciton(STE)and Ln^(3+)ions,the characteristic emissions of Ln^(3+)ions are not prominent.Furthermore,the energy transfer mechanism between STE and Ln^(3+)ions is also elusive and requires in-depth study.We chose trace Bi^(3+)-doped Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na_(0.4)InCl_(6-x)Br_(x) as a representative DP matrix to demonstrate that by tuning the bromide concentration,the Ln^(3+)emission can be greatly enhanced.Such enhanced STE and Ln^(3+)ions energy transfer originates from the high covalency of Ln-Br bond,which contributes to improve ment of the characteristic emission of Ln^(3+)ions.Furthermo re,optical spectroscopy reveals that the energy transfer mechanism from DP to Eu^(3+)ions is different from all the other doped Ln^(3+)ions.The energy transfer from DP to Eu^(3+)ions is mostly through Eu-Br charge transfer while the other Ln^(3+)ions are excited by energy transfer from STE.The distinct energy transfer mechanism has resulted from the energy separation between the excited energy level of Ln^(3+)ions and the bottom of conduction band of DP.With increasing the energy separation,the energy transfer from STE to Ln^(3+)ions is less efficient because of the generation of a larger number of phonons and finally becomes impossible for Eu^(3+)ions.Our results provide new insight into tuning the energy transfer of Ln^(3+)-doped DP NCs.展开更多
Lifestyle and demographics of the world's population are causing serious health problems impacting the brain,increasing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and other types of dementia.Although we have gain...Lifestyle and demographics of the world's population are causing serious health problems impacting the brain,increasing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and other types of dementia.Although we have gained important insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of AD,only palliative care is available to patients.AD is characterized by the abnormal deposition of protein aggregates in the brain formed by amyloidβand hyper-phosphorylated,Tau in addition to neuroinflammation.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52204345 and 52474361)the Scientific Research Innovation Projects of Graduate Student of Jiangsu province,China(No.KYCX24_4184)。
文摘The large-scale production of high-Ti steels is limited by the formation of Ti-containing oxides or nitrides in steel-slag reactions during continuous casting.These processes degrade mold flux properties,clog submerged entry nozzles,form floaters in the molds,and produce various surface defects on the cast slabs.This review summarizes the effects of nonmetallic inclusions on traditional CaO-SiO_(2)-based(CS)mold fluxes and novel CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-based(CA)low-or non-reactive fluxes containing TiO_(2),BaO,and B_(2)O_(3)additives to avoid undesirable steel,slag,and inclusion reactions,with the aim of providing a new perspective for research and practice related to balancing the lubrication and heat transfer of mold fluxes to promote smooth operation and reduce surface defects on cast slabs.For traditional CS mold flux,although the addition of solvents such as Na_(2)O,Li_(2)O,and B_(2)O_(3)can enhance flowability,steel-slag reactions persist,limiting the effectiveness of CS mold fluxes in high-Ti steel casting.Low-or non-reactive CA mold fluxes with reduced SiO_(2)content are a research focus,where adding other components can significantly change flux characteristics.Replacing CaO with BaO can lower the melting point and inhibit crystallization,allowing the flux to maintain good flowability at low temperatures.Replacing SiO_(2)with TiO_(2)can stabilize the viscosity and enhance heat transfer.To reduce the environmental impact,fluorides are replaced with components such as TiO_(2),B_(2)O_(3),BaO,Li_(2)O,and Na_(2)O for F-frce mold fluxes with similar lubrication,crystallization,and heat-transfer effects.When TiO_(2)replaces CaF_(2),it stabilizes the viscosity and enhances the heat conductivity,forming CaTiO_(3)and CaSiTiO_(5)phases instead of cuspidine to control crystallization.B_(2)O_(3)lowers the melting point and suppresses crystallization,forming phases such as Ca_(3)B_(2)O_(6)and Ca_(11)Si_(4)B_(2)O_(22).BaO introduces non-bridging oxygen to reduce viscosity and ensure flux flowability at low temperatures.However,further studies are required to determine the optimal mold flux compositions corresponding to the steel grades and the interactions between the various components of the mold flux.In the future,the practical application of new mold fluxes for high-Ti steel will become the focus of further verification to achieve a balance between lubrication and heat transfer,which is expected to minimize the occurrence of casting problems and slab defects.
文摘Introduction: In patients undergoing surgery for mitral valve replacement (MVR) for valvular heart disease, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) has been considered a major risk factor. In this prospective study, we have studied the early hemodynamic changes and post-operative outcomes of MVR among patients with severe PAH. Methods: 68 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve replacement for severe rheumatic mitral valve disease with severe PAH (pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) > 50 mmHg) were studied prospectively for immediate postoperative hemodynamics and outcomes. The mean age of the patients was 32.1 years. 32 (47.05%) patients had mitral stenosis, 13 (19.11%) had mitral regurgitation and 23 (33.82%) had mixed lesions. Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative pulmonary artery pressures. In 56 patients (82.35%, group I) PAP was sub-systemic or systemic, with a mean of 58.4 mmHg. Twelve patients (17.65%, group II) had supra-systemic PAP with a mean of 82.4 mmHg. Results: After mitral valve replacement, the PAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreased significantly in group I to near normal levels. In group II also the PAP and PVR decreased significantly but significant residual PAH remained. Operative mortality was 3.5% in group I and 16.6% in group II. Conclusions: MVR is safe and effective at the presence of severe PAH as long as the PAP is below or equal to systemic pressures. With suprasystemic PAP, MVR carries a high risk of mortality and the patient continues to have severe PAH in the postoperative period.
文摘Research into the moisture transport processes in porous materials is primarily important for theoretical modelling and industrial applications in the design of energy saving buildings and living environments, etc. Based on experimental investigation, we propose new models which describe one-dimensional transport through one-layered uniform materials and dissimilar two-layered composites. Diffusivity as a function of moisture content is obtained through a Boltzman transformation, master curves, and combined numerical and regression techniques. Transport processes in one and two-layered composites are simulated on the basis of extended unsaturated Darcy’s Law using the finite element method (FEM). Simulation results show significantly different transport patterns of moisture profile when moisture migrates in different directions, and high agreement with experimental moisture profiles. Keywords Porous materials - moisture transport - two-layered composites - modelling and simulation Qingguo Wang graduated from Hebei Normal University, China, in 1985. He received the M.Sc. degree from Beijing Petroleum University in 1988 and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Luton, UK, in 2005. He is currently a Research Associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics at the University of Liverpool, UK and an Associate Professor of Shijiazhuang Mechanical Engineering College, China. His research interests include measurement and control, mass and heat transportation, EMC, etc.Kemal Ahmet graduated in physics from the University of Leeds. Following the completion of his masters degree, he completed his Ph.D. at the University of London in the area of nuclear instrumentation in 1992. Until recently, he was a Principal Lecturer at the University of Luton, leading a research group in moisture instrumentation, measurement and monitoring. In 2004 he joined Medtronic, world leader in medical technology, and is currently working in the Neurologic Technologies division as a specialist in powered surgical instrumentation.Young Yue is a Principal Lecturer at the University of Luton, UK. He holds a B.Sc. in mechanical engineering from the Northeastern University, China, and a Ph.D. from Heriot-Watt University, UK. He is a chartered engineer and a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, UK. Dr. Yue has been working in academia for 15 years following his 8 years of industrial experience. His main research interests are CAD/CAM, geometric modelling, virtual reality, and pattern recognition. He has over 70 publications in refereed books, journals and conferences.
文摘In this paper, the author presented an overview of scientific research in universities of Vietnam in present and analyzed and assessed its effects on the quality of education in universities. The information to write this article was obtained in the references and from the management practice for the universities and the research institute.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China for Demonstration of Integrated Utilization of Solid Waste in Distinctive Convergent Areas of Southeast Light Industry Building Materials(2019YFC1904500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81770222)+4 种基金the Social Development Industry University Research Cooperation Project from the Department of Science and Technology in Fujian(2018Y4002)support by the Award Program for Fujian Minjiang Scholar Professorshipsupport from the Australian Research Grants Council(DP130104648)support from the NSERC Discovery Grant(NSERC RGPIN-2020-04463)McGill Start-Up Grant。
文摘Owing to safety issue and low energy density of liquid lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASLMBs)with unique all-solid-state electrolytes(SEs)have attracted wide attentions.This arises mainly from the advantages of the SEs in the suppression of lithium dendrite growth,long cycle life,and broad working temperature range,showing huge potential applications in electronic devices,electric vehicles,smart grids,and biomedical devices.However,SEs suffer from low lithiumion conductivity and low mechanical integrity,slowing down the development of practical ASLMBs.Nanostructure engineering is of great efficiency in tuning the structure and composition of the SEs with improved lithium-ion conductivity and mechanical integrity.Among various available technologies for nanostructure engineering,electrospinning is a promising technique because of its simple operation,cost-effectiveness,and efficient integration with different components.In this review,we will first give a simple description of the electrospinning process.Then,the use of electrospinning technique in the synthesis of various SEs is summarized,for example,organic nanofibrous matrix,organic/inorganic nanofibrous matrix,and inorganic nanofibrous matrix combined with other components.The current development of the advanced architectures of SEs through electrospinning technology is also presented to provide references and ideas for designing high-performance ASLMBs.Finally,an outlook and further challenges in the preparation of advanced SEs for ASLMBs through electrospinning engineering are given.
文摘In this experiment carried out on Caribbean chili pepper plants(Capsicum chinensis),the bio-insecticide azadirachtin in combination with an NPK fertilizer proved to have a greater lethal impact on the larvae of Aedes albopictus than each substance on its own.This synergistic effect is noticeably important when both inputs are sprayed directly on the leaves of the plant(foliar application).While the plants treated with azadirachtin or NPK alone cause a 33.6%and 36.4%mortal-ity respectively of the Ae.albopictus larvae,the combination of the two inputs induces a 74.4%mortality on the mosquito larvae.To account for this synergistic effect phenomenon inside the plant,the azadirachtin+NPK combination most likely interacts with the capsaicinoid compounds naturally produced by the plant.Not only does this study carried out on azadirachtin reveal major results but the methodology itself offers a most interesting approach on how to boost the agricultural inputs within the plants.As a matter of fact,this research axis demands developing since the control of pests harmful to men has been dramatically lacking insecticide molecules acting on new targets over the past three decades.
基金The Department of Defense Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) supported this study。
文摘Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps(ROTC) cadets(n=286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training exercise.Methods: The sleep of ROTC cadets(n=286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets(n=140).Results: Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep(P≤0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime(22:21±1:30 vs. 22:13±0:40, P=0.21) and waketime(04:30±2:17 vs. 04:31±0:47, P=0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed(TIB) for major sleep intervals(352±29) min and self-report nightly sleep duration [(337±57) min, P=0.006] than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB [(177±42) min, P≤0.001].Conclusions: Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.
文摘Malignant gastric outlet obstruction(mGOO)is a major condition affecting patients with periampullary tumors,including pancreatic cancer.The current treatment options include surgical gastroenterostomy,endoscopic stenting and more recently EUS-guided gastroenterostomy.Most studies comparing the outcomes of the three procedures focus on technical success,clinical success and safety.Several“occult”outcomes relevant to the patient’s viewpoints and perspective may ultimately impact on cancer-related and overall survival,such as body mass composition,nutritional biomarkers,chemotherapy tolerance and patient-reported quality of life.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of potential key outcomes that should be explored in future comparative research around mGOO treatment options.
文摘After his graduation with a U.S.PhD degree in 2013,Wei Chenji was immediately enrolled by RIPED of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC).He was quickly deployed to the Middle East projects undertaken by the Oilfield Development Institute due to his excellent professional skills and proficiency in English.Within just seven years,Wei was promoted from a“freshman”to the Director of the Abu Dhabi Project of RIPED’s Oilfield Development Institute.
文摘Lanthanide(Ln^(3+))-doped photon avalanche(PA)upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)have great prospects in many frontier applications,such as super-resolution bioimaging,miniaturized lasers,single-molecule tracking,and quantum optics.However,it remains challenging to realize PA in colloidal Ln^(3+)-doped UCNPs at room temperature(RT),due to the deleterious quenching effect associated with the surface and lattice OH^(-)defects.
文摘Augmented reality(onwards,AR)technologies are now much more complex and feature a higher number of details thanks to advancements in information and communication technologies(ICTs).Today’s systems can be easily adapted and packaged into smartphone apps which enable a wide range of applications in real and clinical practice.The impact on behavioral health treatments,rehabilitation and healthcare system in general is just beginning to become evident[1]but still,more research providing evidence-based practices is required.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22371278)Funding of Fujian Provincial Chemistry Discipline Alliance+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J06035)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.Y2018081)。
文摘For a long time,researchers have been fascinated by the structurally diverse and high-performance characteristics of polyoxometalates(POMs).Modifying POMs with various types and properties of metals has broadened their applications in fields such as magnetism,luminescence,and catalysis.However,despite the discovery of numerous POM structures doped with transition metal ions,the development of aluminum(Al)as aⅢA group metal in the POM field has been slow.Aluminum,the most abundant metal in nature,offers innate electron-deficient properties that,when combined with highly charged POMs,could introduce novel structures and excellent functionalities like proton conduction to this field.Therefore,this review will address the gap in summarizing Al-containing POMs by categorizing and summarizing the synthesis,structural characteristics,and properties of Al-containing POMs,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for exploring POM structures doped with Al atoms.The review also analyzes and forecasts the prospects in this field.
基金supported by NSFC(22271282)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences with the grant number of CXZX-2022-JQ04.
文摘Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)and two-photon absorption(TPA)materials have garnered considerable attentions due to their minimal energy loss and superior optical penetration[1,2].However,the current challenge lies in the absence of well-developed strategies for designing materials that combine these two exceptional optical properties.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279143).
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a crucial,eco-friendly oxidizing agent with a wide range of industrial,environmental,and biomedical applications.Traditional production methods,such as the anthraquinone process,face significant challenges in terms of energy consumption and environmental impact.As a sustainable alternative,photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production,driven by solar energy,has emerged as a promising approach.This review discusses the key advancements in photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) synthesis,focusing on overcoming challenges such as charge recombination,selectivity for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(-)ORR),and catalyst stability.Recent innovations in photocatalyst design,including high-entropy materials,single-atom catalysts,and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),have significantly enhanced efficiency and stability.Furthermore,novel strategies for optimizing charge separation,light harvesting,and mass transfer are explored.The integration of artificial intelligence and bioinspired systems holds potential for accelerating progress in this field.This review provides a comprehensive overview of current challenges and cutting-edge solutions,offering valuable insights for the development of scalable,decentralized H_(2)O_(2) production systems that contribute to a more sustainable future.
基金partially supported by a grant(RF1AG059694)from the U.S.National Institutes of Healthby Polytrauma System of Care,VAPAHCS(to JL)。
文摘The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of neuroinflammation.While current studies primarily attribute its effects to neurons and glial cells,emerging research suggests that cGAS-STING signaling may play a critical role in cerebral vasculature,particularly in brain endothelial cells.Therefore,studying the role 7of inflammation caused by the cGAS-STING pathway in brain endothelial cells could provide a more comprehensive understanding of neuroinflammatory disease and new avenues for therapeutic interventions.Here,we review the multifaceted role of global cGAS-STING signaling in various neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases and the potential contribution of cGAS-STING in brain endothelial cells.
基金the University of Transport Technology under the project entitled“Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Mountainous Areas”with grant number DTTD2022-16.
文摘This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble learning techniques:DAGGING(DG),MULTIBOOST(MB),and ADABOOST(AB).This combination resulted in three distinct ensemble models:DG-RBFN,MB-RBFN,and AB-RBFN.Additionally,a traditional weighted method,Information Value(IV),and a benchmark machine learning(ML)model,Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network(MLP),were employed for comparison and validation.The models were developed using ten landslide conditioning factors,which included slope,aspect,elevation,curvature,land cover,geomorphology,overburden depth,lithology,distance to rivers and distance to roads.These factors were instrumental in predicting the output variable,which was the probability of landslide occurrence.Statistical analysis of the models’performance indicated that the DG-RBFN model,with an Area Under ROC Curve(AUC)of 0.931,outperformed the other models.The AB-RBFN model achieved an AUC of 0.929,the MB-RBFN model had an AUC of 0.913,and the MLP model recorded an AUC of 0.926.These results suggest that the advanced ensemble ML model DG-RBFN was more accurate than traditional statistical model,single MLP model,and other ensemble models in preparing trustworthy landslide susceptibility maps,thereby enhancing land use planning and decision-making.
基金financial supports pro-vided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21905279)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2020J05086).
文摘Small-sized Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S solid solution nanomaterial is an important candidate for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution(PHE),but it still suffers from easy agglomeration,severe photo corrosion,and fast photogenerated electron-hole recombination.To tackle these issues,herein,we propose a new strategy to modify Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S nanoreactors by the simultaneous utilization of ionic-liquid-assisted morphology engineering and MXene-incorporating method.That is,we designed and synthesized a novel hierarchi-cal Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S/Ti_(3) C_(2) Schottky junction composite through the in-situ deposition of ultrathin Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S nanosheets on unique IL-modified Ti_(3) C_(2) MXenes by a one-pot solvothermal method for efficiently PHE.The unique construction strategy tailors the thickness of ultrathin Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S nanosheets and prevents them from stacking and agglomeration,and especially,optimizes their charge transfer pathways during the photocatalytic process.Compared with pristine Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S nanosheets,Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S/Ti_(3) C_(2) has abun-dant photogenerated electrons available on the Ti_(3) C_(2) surface for proton reduction reaction,owing to the absence of deep-trapped electrons,suppression of electron-hole recombination in Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S and high-efficiency charge separation at the Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S/Ti_(3) C_(2) Schottky junction interface.Moreover,the hy-drophilicity,electrical conductivity,visible-light absorption capacity,and surficial hydrogen desorption of Cd_(0.8) Zn_(0.2) S/Ti_(3) C_(2) heterostructure are significantly improved.As a result,the heterostructure exhibits out-standing photocatalytic stability and super high apparent quantum efficiency,being rendered as one of the best noble-metal-free Cd-Zn-S-based photocatalysts.This work illustrates the mechanisms of mor-phology control and heterojunction construction in controlling the catalytic behavior of photocatalysts and highlights the great potential of the IL-assisted route in the synthesis of high-performance MXene-based heterostructures for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
基金funded by Portuguese funds through FCT——Funda??o para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência,Tecnologia e Ensino Superior in the framework of the project PTDC/MEDNEU/1677/2021(to JBR)。
文摘Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune system.This exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new therapies.We challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial activation.By dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s progression.This article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to neuroimmunology.Adopting such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.
基金Project supported by the Research Project of Mindu Innovation Laboratory(2021ZZ114)Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen(3502Z20227255)+1 种基金Major Research Project of Xiamen(3502Z20191015)the Science and Technology Major Project of Fujian Province(2021HZ021013)。
文摘Lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))doping provides a potential strategy to control over the luminescent properties of lead-free halide double perovskite nanocrystals(DP NCs).However,due to the low energy transfer efficiency between self-trapped exciton(STE)and Ln^(3+)ions,the characteristic emissions of Ln^(3+)ions are not prominent.Furthermore,the energy transfer mechanism between STE and Ln^(3+)ions is also elusive and requires in-depth study.We chose trace Bi^(3+)-doped Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na_(0.4)InCl_(6-x)Br_(x) as a representative DP matrix to demonstrate that by tuning the bromide concentration,the Ln^(3+)emission can be greatly enhanced.Such enhanced STE and Ln^(3+)ions energy transfer originates from the high covalency of Ln-Br bond,which contributes to improve ment of the characteristic emission of Ln^(3+)ions.Furthermo re,optical spectroscopy reveals that the energy transfer mechanism from DP to Eu^(3+)ions is different from all the other doped Ln^(3+)ions.The energy transfer from DP to Eu^(3+)ions is mostly through Eu-Br charge transfer while the other Ln^(3+)ions are excited by energy transfer from STE.The distinct energy transfer mechanism has resulted from the energy separation between the excited energy level of Ln^(3+)ions and the bottom of conduction band of DP.With increasing the energy separation,the energy transfer from STE to Ln^(3+)ions is less efficient because of the generation of a larger number of phonons and finally becomes impossible for Eu^(3+)ions.Our results provide new insight into tuning the energy transfer of Ln^(3+)-doped DP NCs.
基金funded by U.S.Air Force Office of Scientific Research FA9550-21-1-0096,FONDAP program 15150012,ANID/FONDEF ID1ID22I10120,FONDECY/ANID 1220573the US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity(USAMRAA)project number AL2201415DoD Award HT9425-23-1-0990,AL220141(to CH)。
文摘Lifestyle and demographics of the world's population are causing serious health problems impacting the brain,increasing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and other types of dementia.Although we have gained important insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of AD,only palliative care is available to patients.AD is characterized by the abnormal deposition of protein aggregates in the brain formed by amyloidβand hyper-phosphorylated,Tau in addition to neuroinflammation.
