Ecological security patterns are paramount to the advancement of an ecological civilization in China,aiming to enhance the stability and service functions of ecosystems to achieve sustainable regional development.Howe...Ecological security patterns are paramount to the advancement of an ecological civilization in China,aiming to enhance the stability and service functions of ecosystems to achieve sustainable regional development.However,current regional ecological protection efforts have not been effectively integrated into the regional development planning of ecological security pattern.This study systematically assessed the effectiveness of ecological protection projects in Yanchi County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,through the evaluation of landscape ecological quality.Based on the evaluation results of landscape ecological quality,this study used morphological pattern analysis(MSPA),minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model,and gravity model together to construct the ecological security pattern of Yanchi County.The findings revealed that from 1990 to 2020,with the implementation of ecological protection projects started from 2000,the landscape stability of Yanchi County first decreased and then increased,and the intensity of landscape disturbance first intensified but then decreased,indicating an improvement in the landscape ecological quality and a significant enhancement of the ecological environment in Yanchi County.The ecological security pattern of Yanchi County consisted of 10 ecological sources,10 ecological source points,23 ecological corridors,and 27 ecological nodes.The ecological security pattern of Yanchi County exhibited distinct spatial variations,with stronger ecological security observed in the southern part than in northern part of the county.The ecological sources were denser in the southern part than in the northern part of the county,and accordingly,the length of ecological corridors was shorter and denser in the southern than that in the northern part of the county.Based on the spatial distribution of landscape ecological quality and the characteristics of ecological security pattern of Yanchi County in 2020,we suggested Yanchi County to build four zones to optimize the ecological security pattern construction:the Haba Lake ecological conservation zone,the urban ecological planning zone,the ecological environment restoration zone,and the ecological security improvement zone.This study can provide essential guidance for the construction of ecological security pattern in farming-pastoral areas both in China and worldwide.展开更多
Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services is not only a key path for metropolitan to climb the global value chain,but also an important new driving force for optimizing urban spati...Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services is not only a key path for metropolitan to climb the global value chain,but also an important new driving force for optimizing urban spatial structure.Based on the two dimen-sions of industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomeration from the perspective of industrial integration,taking Beijing,China as a case,using industrial input-output data,micro-enterprise spatial data,and methods such as industrial linkage model,standard deviation el-lipse,and spatial similarity coefficient,this study explores the coupling relationship between industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomer-ation of advanced manufacturing and producer services from 2007 to 2020.The results demonstrate that:1)the industrial linkage between advanced manufacturing and producer services in Beijing has an upward trend,in which the business services have the most significant improvement,in which the business services have the most improvement while the technology services have the most de-crease,but in general,the industrial linkage between the two industries shows a low level.2)Producer services were more spatially clustered than advanced manufacturing,and the degree of spatial co-agglomeration of the two also showed an increasing trend,with strong regional and industrial heterogeneity characteristics,among which the pairing industry involving commerce services and techno-logy services had a more obvious improvement.3)The coupling analysis found that the spatial dependence between advanced manufac-turing and producer services decreased,showing a weak positive correlation and a decreasing trend between industrial linkage and spa-tial co-agglomeration;the heterogeneity among subdivision pairs is prominent,and the strong correlation between industries does not mean that there is an inevitable spatial co-agglomeration.4)Based on the differences in coupling relationships and influence mechan-isms,four coupling modes are identified:H-H type,H-L type,L-L type,and L-H type.Finally,this study proposes three policy implica-tions for the integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services in metropolitan areas.展开更多
The Three Gorges Project,the largest water conservation initiative globally,is located within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),a critical zone for water conservation and ecological protection.There is an urgent n...The Three Gorges Project,the largest water conservation initiative globally,is located within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),a critical zone for water conservation and ecological protection.There is an urgent need to better understand and protect the evolving water conservation functions of the TGRA,alongside identifying the driving mechanisms within its ecological barrier re-gion.This paper explores the spatial and temporal evolution of water conservation function in the TGRA from 1990 to 2020 and its fu-ture trends under different development scenarios from 2020 to 2030.Key driving factors influencing the water conservation function are identified,and a comprehensive development scenario is proposed.The findings indicate a general upward trend in the water conser-vation function of the TGRA,characterized by an initial increase,a subsequent decline,and a final recovery.Moreover,land use changes are found to be the primary factor driving these variations,followed by climatic factors such as precipitation.Under various de-velopment scenarios,the prioritization of water conservation outcomes is ranked as follows:ecological protection>cropland protec-tion>natural development>urban development.The results of this study offer valuable insights for balancing economic development with ecological preservation.展开更多
Heavy precipitation and extreme drought have caused severe economic losses over South China and Indochina(INCSC)in recent decades.Given the areas with large gross domestic product(GDP)in the INCSC region are distribut...Heavy precipitation and extreme drought have caused severe economic losses over South China and Indochina(INCSC)in recent decades.Given the areas with large gross domestic product(GDP)in the INCSC region are distributed along the coastline and greatly affected by global warming,understanding the possible economic impacts induced by future changes in the maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation(RX5day)and the maximum consecutive dry days(CDD)is critical for adaptation planning in this region.Based on the latest data released by phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6),future projections of precipitation extremes with bias correction and their impacts on GDP over the INCSC region under the fossil-fueled development Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP5-8.5)are investigated.Results indicate that RX5day will intensify robustly throughout the INCSC region,while CDD will lengthen in most regions under global warming.The changes in climate consistently dominate the effect on GDP over the INCSC region,rather than the change of GDP.If only considering the effect of climate change on GDP,the changes in precipitation extremes bring a larger impact on the economy in the future to the provinces of Hunan,Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong,and Hainan in South China,as well as the Malay Peninsula and southern Cambodia in Indochina.Thus,timely regional adaptation strategies are urgent for these regions.Moreover,from the sub-regional average viewpoint,over two thirds of CMIP6 models agree that maintaining a lower global warming level will reduce the economic impacts from heavy precipitation over the INCSC region.展开更多
The county(city)located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains is the primary area to solidify and extend the success of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China in poverty alleviation.Its Sustainable Development...The county(city)located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains is the primary area to solidify and extend the success of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China in poverty alleviation.Its Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are intertwined with the concerted economic and social development of Xinjiang and the objective of achieving shared prosperity within the region.This study established a sustainable development evaluation framework by selecting 15 SDGs and 20 secondary indicators from the United Nations’SDGs.The aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the progress of SDGs at the county(city)level on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.The results indicate that there are substantial variations in the scores of SDGs among the nine counties and one city located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.Notable high scores of SDGs are observed in the central and eastern regions,whereas lower scores are prevalent in the western areas.The scores of SDGs,in descending order,are as follows:62.22 for Minfeng County,54.22 for Hotan City,50.21 for Qiemo County,42.54 for Moyu County,41.56 for Ruoqiang County,41.39 for Qira County,39.86 for Lop County,38.25 for Yutian County,38.10 for Pishan County,and 36.87 for Hotan County.The performances of SDGs reveal that Hotan City,Lop County,Minfeng County,and Ruoqiang County have significant sustainable development capacity because they have three or more SDGs ranked as green color.However,Hotan County,Moyu County,Qira County,and Yutian County show the poorest performance,as they lack SDGs with green color.It is important to establish and enhance mechanisms that can ensure sustained income growth among poverty alleviation beneficiaries,sustained improvement in the capacity of rural governance,and the gradual improvement of social security system.These measures will facilitate the effective implementation of SDGs.Finally,this study offers a valuable support for governmental authorities and relevant departments in their decision-making processes.In addition,these results hold significant reference value for assessing SDGs at the county(city)level,particularly in areas characterized by low levels of economic development.展开更多
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is a region with unique and distinctive natural landscapes and cultural charac-teristics and presents a useful case to improve understanding of sustainable development for regions with ex...The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is a region with unique and distinctive natural landscapes and cultural charac-teristics and presents a useful case to improve understanding of sustainable development for regions with extreme environments and unique social backgrounds.Research has been conducted for small-scale regions,however there has been insufficient exploration of the problems and countermeasures for sustainable development in Tibet.This study analyzes different functional zones(urbanized zones,agricultural zones,pastoral zones and ecological se-curity zones)of the QTP.Then it develops a sustainable livelihood index(SLI)based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework resulting in three main findings.First,sustainable livelihoods vary greatly across functional zones.The SLI for farmers and herdsmen in the urbanized zones is the highest,with a value of 3.57,followed by the agricultural zones of 3.07.In comparison,the SLI values in the ecological security zones and pastoral zones are 2.92 and 2.85,respectively,indicating that the two zones present challenges for sustainable develop-ment in the QTP.Second,all counties had few natural,social or physical assets,indicating the need to expand assets to achieve sustainable livelihoods.Finally,urbanized and agricultural counties had more robust livelihood strategies than ecological and pastoral counties.In light of these results,strategic options have been formulated to promote sustainable development.These options include:accelerating construction of the third pole national park group;establishing a pattern of green mining;promoting the biological resources industry;and initiating a carbon trading market in the QTP.展开更多
Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI coun...Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.展开更多
The development of Qingzang national park cluster is part of China’s efforts to establish a major ecological civi-lization project in the Qingzang Plateau,in line with global sustainable development goals.Based on pr...The development of Qingzang national park cluster is part of China’s efforts to establish a major ecological civi-lization project in the Qingzang Plateau,in line with global sustainable development goals.Based on preliminary scientific investigation and research in the Qingzang Plateau,the construction of the park cluster will include 21 national parks.To mitigate the conflict between conservation of the national park cluster and the develop-ment of local communities,this study proposes an analysis framework to identify the spatial coupling features between the national park cluster and sustainable development of communities.Four elements were selected to construct the analysis framework,including natural conditions,geographic location,cultural background,and national policies.This framework was applied to the 457 township communities within the 21 national parks.Results show the weak influence of the construction of the national park cluster for approximately 304 township communities,without significant spatial coupling traits,while the remaining 153 communities demonstrated significant spatial coupling features.These latter townships had developed four types of spatial coupling with na-tional parks,including eco-migrants,transportation hubs,characteristic cultures,and border development,which account for 17.4%,35.3%,19.8%,and 27.5%of the 153 townships respectively.A composite type with more than one spatial coupling feature was also found for 14 communities within the 153 townships.This provides a reference for policy making towards four major types of interactive modes between townships and the national park construction for the sustainable development of Qingzang Plateau.展开更多
Protected areas have long been considered a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation by policy-makers and the conservation community.Yet,despite ongoing efforts,many countries,including China,continue to face persiste...Protected areas have long been considered a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation by policy-makers and the conservation community.Yet,despite ongoing efforts,many countries,including China,continue to face persistent challenges in effectively managing these areas.Here we examine how science-management partnerships,particularly those headed by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),have catalyzed governance reforms of protected areas in China.The integration of scientific research with policy action has enabled the establishment of a unified national park system,mitigating management inefficiencies and enhancing ecosystem resilience.We propose strategies for CAS to consolidate its leadership in this domain.These partnerships might offer global insights into evidence-based protected area management.展开更多
A fundamental shift in the regional development pattern is crucial to achieving a comprehensive green transformation in China.Currently,innovation-driven green development is a significant strategic option for regiona...A fundamental shift in the regional development pattern is crucial to achieving a comprehensive green transformation in China.Currently,innovation-driven green development is a significant strategic option for regional development.As the main body of innovation and the basic unit of regional composition,enterprises have a profound impact on the development of regional economy,society,ecology,and other aspects.However,considering China’s vast territory and significant regional differences in natural environment and industrial structure,it’s necessary to further explore the specific impact paths of regional green development driven by enterprise innovation.Therefore,taking industrial enterprises as an example,based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2016 to 2020,this study verifies the impact of industrial enterprise innovation on the regional green development level by constructing a parallel multiple mediating effect model and dividing the economy into eastern,central,and western regions to discuss the specific impact paths.The results show that industrial enterprise innovation has a significant positive effect on regional green development level,via different influencing paths in each region:(1)The eastern region improves the regional green development level by narrowing the urban-rural income gap;(2)The central region improves the regional green development level by reducing resource dependence;and(3)The western region raises the regional green development level by improving the rationalization of industrial structure.展开更多
The sustainable development of border port-cities is of considerable significance to the stabilization and consolidation of border areas,unlike coastal-ports cities that consist of coastal ports and cities.Border port...The sustainable development of border port-cities is of considerable significance to the stabilization and consolidation of border areas,unlike coastal-ports cities that consist of coastal ports and cities.Border ports should continue to drive the development of their surrounding towns to provide high-quality living conditions,employment,and housing for inhabitants of such towns and enhance the population agglomeration capacity of border areas.This study aimed to analyze the structure of employment and settlement in the cities surrounding the Khorgas Port at the different stages of its development—employing semi-structured interviews with individuals to analyze the spatial orientation characteristics of the daily needs of different groups of people and reveal the ways in which border ports drive the development of their surrounding towns—and recommend ways in which this can be improved.This study finds that as the Khorgas Port’s mutual trade market,industrial base,comprehensive management,and other functions continue to grow,the port is becoming increasingly important.As more people work and settl in the surrounding towns,their living needs also increase.However,a considerable number of employed people do not live nearby,and many living needs are not being addressed in the towns surrounding the port.The study also reveals the living services demands of government management personnel who work at the port on weekdays and return to Yining City on weekends,employees of industrial enterprises who work at the port and return home for the New Year’s celebration,and government management personnel and individual business personnel who work at the port and live nearby.In the future,the focus should be on improving the living conditions of the inhabitants of the towns surrounding Khorgas Port,including public services and the settlement ability of employees of industrial enterprises to better realize the radiation drive of the port on the surrounding towns.展开更多
Public services,including education,are important elements that affect people’s living standards.Promoting spatial equity in education resources is a crucial indicator of China’s coordinated regional development in ...Public services,including education,are important elements that affect people’s living standards.Promoting spatial equity in education resources is a crucial indicator of China’s coordinated regional development in the new era.Xinjiang,a border area and home to many ethnic minorities,is a relatively underdeveloped region in China.Optimizing the cross-regional allocation of basic education resources and forming a coordinated regional development is of great significance for achieving the general goal of social stability and long-term peace in Xinjiang.This study adopts a spatial equity analysis framework that incorporates spatial scale,time dimension,factor indicators,and educational stages.The Gini coefficient is used to examine the variability of spatial equity of educational resources in Xinjiang.Results show that the spatial variability of educational resources in Xinjiang increases as the spatial scale becomes lower.The coefficients of variability at provincial,prefectural,and county levels are 0.207,0.257,and 0.302,respectively.The spatial variability shows an increasing trend before 2010 and decreases significantly after 2010.In terms of elementary indicators,the spatial variability of the number of schools per 10000 people is the largest,with Gini coefficients in the range of 0.207-0.302.The teacher-student ratio has a Gini coefficient in the range of 0.068-0.174,and class size has a Gini coefficient in the range of 0.040-0.058.In terms of educational stages,the spatial variability is most prominent in elementary schools,with a coefficient of variation of 0.246-0.339.Senior high schools have a coefficient of variation of 0.220-0.260,while junior high schools are the most balanced,with a coefficient of variation of0.181-0.235.The study also discussed the coupling and coordination relationship between educational resources and regional economic development in Xinjiang.Economic development plays a facilitating role in promoting balanced education,and the coupling and coordination is higher in northern Xinjiang than in southern Xinjiang.The 14 regions and states in Xinjiang form a high-high coordination type,a medium-medium coordination type,and a high-low uncoordinated type.Finally,the study analyzed the reasons for the spatial equity variability of educational resources,including administrative governance levels,information technology construction levels,common national language penetration,and superior talent attraction environments.展开更多
Based on the statistical data, we analyzed and evaluated the degree of coupling and coordination of the eco-economic system in Yanchi County for the period spanning from 1983 to 2014. The eco-economic system can be di...Based on the statistical data, we analyzed and evaluated the degree of coupling and coordination of the eco-economic system in Yanchi County for the period spanning from 1983 to 2014. The eco-economic system can be divided into socioeconomic and ecological sub-systems and their relationship can reveal the interaction state between the two sub-systems and help the local government to establish a coordinated development mode. An index system was constructed to assess the development of the two sub-systems before the evaluation of the degree of coupling and coordination. The principal component regression analysis was adopted to quantitatively assess the influences of natural, economic and social factors on the degree of coupling and coordination of the eco-economic system. Results showed that, from 1983 to 2014, the development trends of both sub-systems were increasing with the ecological sub-system having more fluctuations. The degree of coupling and coordination of the eco-economic system in the study area increased gradually from 1983 to 2014, but experienced five different development stages from the verge of disorder to favorable coordination. The development of the local social and economic conditions was the most important factor influencing the degree of coupling and coordination. The second most important factor was the financial support from the local government. In addition, the environment protection policies also played undeniable roles. Due to the diversity of the influence factors, the government should take comprehensive measures to promote the sustainable development of the eco-economic system.展开更多
The border areas of the Tibetan Plateau and the neighboring mountainous areas have a high incidence of earthquakes with a magnitude greater than M<sub>s</sub> 5.0, as well as having a dense distribution of...The border areas of the Tibetan Plateau and the neighboring mountainous areas have a high incidence of earthquakes with a magnitude greater than M<sub>s</sub> 5.0, as well as having a dense distribution of geological disasters such as collapses, landslides, and debris flows. Revealing the post-disaster economic development and recovery process is very important for enhancing disaster prevention and response capacity in order to formulate control policies and recovery methods for post-disaster economic reconstruction based on economic resilience. Using long-term socioeconomic data and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, this paper calculated the economic resilience index of the areas most severely affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 and adopted the improved variable returns to scale (VRS) date envelopment analysis (DEA) model and the Malmquist productivity index to analyze the efficiency and effect of annual post-disaster recovery. The results show that: (1) the economic resilience index of the areas most severely affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake was 0.877. The earthquake resulted in a short-term economic recession in the affected areas, but the economy returned to pre-quake levels within two years. In addition, the industrial economy was less resilient than agriculture and the service industry. (2) The comprehensive economic recovery efficiency of the disaster-stricken area in the year following the disaster was 0.603. The comprehensive efficiency, the pure technical efficiency, and the scale efficiency of the plain and hilly areas were significantly greater than those of the plateau and mountain areas. (3) The annual fluctuation in total factor productivity (TFP) following the disaster was considerable, and the economic recovery efficiency decreased significantly, resulting in a short-term economic recession. The TFP index returned to steady state following decreases of 33.7% and 15.2%, respectively, in the two years following the disaster. (4) The significant decrease in the post-disaster recovery efficiency was caused mainly by technological changes, and the renewal of the production system was the leading factor in determining the economic resilience following the disaster. With the decline in the scale of economic recovery following the earthquake, long-term economic recovery in the disaster-stricken areas depended mainly on pure technical efficiency, and the improvement in the latter was the driving force for maintaining the long-term growth of the post-disaster economy. Therefore, according to the local characteristics of natural environment and economic system, the disaster-stricken areas need to actively change and readjust their economic structures. At the same time, attention should be paid to updating the production system to enhance the level of technological progress and give full play to the scale effects of large-scale capital, new facilities, human resources, and other investment factors following the disaster so as to enhance the impact of economic resilience and recovery efficiency in response to the disaster.展开更多
The Chinese government ratified the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016.Accordingly,China aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product(carbon intensity)to 60%–65%of 2005 levels by 2030.Howev...The Chinese government ratified the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016.Accordingly,China aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product(carbon intensity)to 60%–65%of 2005 levels by 2030.However,since numerous factors influence carbon intensity in China,it is critical to assess their relative importance to determine the most important factors.As traditional methods are inadequate for identifying key factors from a range of factors acting in concert,machine learning was applied in this study.Specifically,random forest algorithm,which is based on decision tree theory,was employed because it is insensitive to multicollinearity,is robust to missing and unbalanced data,and provides reasonable predictive results.We identified the key factors affecting carbon intensity in China using random forest algorithm and analyzed the evolution in the key factors from 1980 to 2017.The dominant factors affecting carbon intensity in China from 1980 to 1991 included the scale and proportion of energy-intensive industry,the proportion of fossil fuel-based energy,and technological progress.The Chinese economy developed rapidly between 1992 and 2007;during this time,the effects of the proportion of service industry,price of fossil fuel,and traditional residential consumption on carbon intensity increased.Subsequently,the Chinese economy entered a period of structural adjustment after the 2008 global financial crisis;during this period,reductions in emissions and the availability of new energy types began to have effects on carbon intensity,and the importance of residential consumption increased.The results suggest that optimizing the energy and industrial structures,promoting technological advancement,increasing green consumption,and reducing emissions are keys to decreasing carbon intensity within China in the future.These approaches will help achieve the goal of reducing carbon intensity to 60%–65%of the 2005 level by 2030.展开更多
The coordinated development of urban and rural territorial systems has long been a scientific issue of concern in geography and socioeconomic development in China.Based on Territorial Function Theory,this paper establ...The coordinated development of urban and rural territorial systems has long been a scientific issue of concern in geography and socioeconomic development in China.Based on Territorial Function Theory,this paper establishes a theoretical framework to support the coordinated development of urban and rural territorial systems,analyzes the trend of functional evolution,discusses the impact of efficient allocation and orderly element flow on system equivalence development,and puts forward approaches and policy suggestions for equilibrium development in the future.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The evolution of urban and rural territorial functions has experienced four stages:rural to rural,rural to urban transition,rural to urban,and urban to urban.In this process,territorial functions have been developed to be hierarchical and advanced.(2)Functional evolution enables urban and rural comparative advantages to be transformed from value difference to value equivalence.Increasing the flow intensity and reconstructing the flow space have become the necessary conditions for the coordination of development.(3)Land is the most important resource in China,and land system reform is the key to achieving equivalence development of urban and rural territorial systems,thereby determining the future equilibrium development of the two systems.展开更多
Birnessite films on fluorine-doped tin oxide（FTO） coated glass were prepared by cathodic reduction of aqueous KMnO4. The deposited birnessite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scan...Birnessite films on fluorine-doped tin oxide（FTO） coated glass were prepared by cathodic reduction of aqueous KMnO4. The deposited birnessite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.The photoelectrochemical activity of birnessite films was investigated and a remarkable photocurrent in response to visible light was observed in the presence of phenol, resulting from localized manganese d–d transitions. Based on this result, the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of phenol was investigated. Compared with phenol degradation by the electrochemical oxidation process or photocatalysis separately, a synergetic photoelectrocatalytic degradation effect was observed in the presence of the birnessite film coated FTO electrode.Photoelectrocatalytic degradation ratios were influenced by film thickness and initial phenol concentrations. Phenol degradation with the thinnest birnessite film and initial phenol concentration of 10 mg/L showed the highest efficiency of 91.4% after 8 hr. Meanwhile, the kinetics of phenol removal was fit well by the pseudofirst-order kinetic model.展开更多
The human and natural factors complicit in the driving forces of oasis change have always received considerable interest from the international research community. In this study, we used principal component analysis o...The human and natural factors complicit in the driving forces of oasis change have always received considerable interest from the international research community. In this study, we used principal component analysis of natural and socio-economic statistical factors to quantitatively analyze the causal relationships and their contributions to the observed periodic expansion or shrinkage of the Minqin Oasis over almost 60 years. Our results show that human factors were the dominant factors governing expansion or shrinkage, with average contributions of 69.38% and 76.16%, respectively. Moreover, policy decisions have been the pivotal human factors. Under the influence of various policies, we have found that water resource utilization, land reclamation, population explosion, ecological protection and economic development have each played leading roles in different periods. This study provides a scientific basis for modelling the dynamics of an oasis for sustainable management.展开更多
The drylands of China are extensive,and they are home to more than one-third of the country’s population.However,the watershed territories of the drylands,where the majority of human activities are concentrated have ...The drylands of China are extensive,and they are home to more than one-third of the country’s population.However,the watershed territories of the drylands,where the majority of human activities are concentrated have long experienced strained human-land relationships,culminating in ecological security concerns.Correspondingly,it is essential to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the ecological security of dryland watersheds and to identify the key factors influencing ecological security in order to formulate strategies that ensure the sustainability of drylands.Premised on the Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Response(DPSIR)model,this study developed an ecological security index and applied it to the Irtysh River Basin of Xinjiang,China,from 2000 to 2020.The obstacle degree model was applied to reveal the obstacles in two dimensions:criterion level and indicator level.The findings suggested that the ecological security comprehensive index in the Irtysh River Basin has increased significantly from 2000 to 2020,irrespective of the fact that it decreased during the study period and then increased.The ecological security level changed from‘critically safe’in 2000 to‘general safety’in 2020,with the state subsystem and pressure subsystem becoming ecological security weaknesses.The primary factors influencing the ecological security of the study area were water consumption,the area of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation,the proportion of wetland area,vegetation coverage,and livestock population.The ecological security of different counties in the basin varies greatly,whereas the factors that influence ecological security showed both similarities and differences among the counties.In light of on the findings,we proposed that future strategies for ecological security enhancement should concentrate on enacting the policy of localizing spatial differentiation,optimizing industrial structure,strengthening scientific and technological support in the field of water conservation,bolstering the treatment capacity of environmental facilities,and implementing the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-LakesGrasslands System to support the sustainable development of dryland watersheds.展开更多
The Changtang Plateau(CTP)in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China is one of the top-10 uninhabited areas with the most important ecological value in the world.It is of great academic and practical significance to carry out ...The Changtang Plateau(CTP)in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China is one of the top-10 uninhabited areas with the most important ecological value in the world.It is of great academic and practical significance to carry out research on human settlements in the marginal zones of the uninhabited areas to promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature on the CTP.Using high-definition remote-sensing images to visually interpret and identify settlement-patch data,combined with field investigations,this study explores the spatial characteristics of human settlements in Shuanghu and Nyima counties and their responses to natural and socioeconomic conditions in the hinterland of the CTP.Findings reveal that the scale of human settlements on the CTP is extremely small,and density is very sparse.Settlements on the CTP primarily consist of several households,with some containing more than a dozen households,or are sub-village scale.Socioeconomic development is low and socioeconomic factors have a weak influence on the settlement layout on the CTP.Natural factors are the core elements affecting the layout of human settlements on the CTP.Settlements tend to occur on low mountains,gentle slopes,and areas with high average annual temperatures.Careful settlement site selection can help to mitigate the impact of natural disasters.To meet the needs of grazing,settlement layouts must typically have a high-quality grassland orientation.Riverbanks are key settlement areas,and settlement sites are often far away from alpine salt lakes.The characteristics of settlements on the CTP and their responses to environmental conditions significantly differ from those of human settlements in low-altitude inland areas.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41807519)the Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Deserts and Desertification,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KLDD-2018-002).
文摘Ecological security patterns are paramount to the advancement of an ecological civilization in China,aiming to enhance the stability and service functions of ecosystems to achieve sustainable regional development.However,current regional ecological protection efforts have not been effectively integrated into the regional development planning of ecological security pattern.This study systematically assessed the effectiveness of ecological protection projects in Yanchi County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,through the evaluation of landscape ecological quality.Based on the evaluation results of landscape ecological quality,this study used morphological pattern analysis(MSPA),minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model,and gravity model together to construct the ecological security pattern of Yanchi County.The findings revealed that from 1990 to 2020,with the implementation of ecological protection projects started from 2000,the landscape stability of Yanchi County first decreased and then increased,and the intensity of landscape disturbance first intensified but then decreased,indicating an improvement in the landscape ecological quality and a significant enhancement of the ecological environment in Yanchi County.The ecological security pattern of Yanchi County consisted of 10 ecological sources,10 ecological source points,23 ecological corridors,and 27 ecological nodes.The ecological security pattern of Yanchi County exhibited distinct spatial variations,with stronger ecological security observed in the southern part than in northern part of the county.The ecological sources were denser in the southern part than in the northern part of the county,and accordingly,the length of ecological corridors was shorter and denser in the southern than that in the northern part of the county.Based on the spatial distribution of landscape ecological quality and the characteristics of ecological security pattern of Yanchi County in 2020,we suggested Yanchi County to build four zones to optimize the ecological security pattern construction:the Haba Lake ecological conservation zone,the urban ecological planning zone,the ecological environment restoration zone,and the ecological security improvement zone.This study can provide essential guidance for the construction of ecological security pattern in farming-pastoral areas both in China and worldwide.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371181)。
文摘Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services is not only a key path for metropolitan to climb the global value chain,but also an important new driving force for optimizing urban spatial structure.Based on the two dimen-sions of industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomeration from the perspective of industrial integration,taking Beijing,China as a case,using industrial input-output data,micro-enterprise spatial data,and methods such as industrial linkage model,standard deviation el-lipse,and spatial similarity coefficient,this study explores the coupling relationship between industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomer-ation of advanced manufacturing and producer services from 2007 to 2020.The results demonstrate that:1)the industrial linkage between advanced manufacturing and producer services in Beijing has an upward trend,in which the business services have the most significant improvement,in which the business services have the most improvement while the technology services have the most de-crease,but in general,the industrial linkage between the two industries shows a low level.2)Producer services were more spatially clustered than advanced manufacturing,and the degree of spatial co-agglomeration of the two also showed an increasing trend,with strong regional and industrial heterogeneity characteristics,among which the pairing industry involving commerce services and techno-logy services had a more obvious improvement.3)The coupling analysis found that the spatial dependence between advanced manufac-turing and producer services decreased,showing a weak positive correlation and a decreasing trend between industrial linkage and spa-tial co-agglomeration;the heterogeneity among subdivision pairs is prominent,and the strong correlation between industries does not mean that there is an inevitable spatial co-agglomeration.4)Based on the differences in coupling relationships and influence mechan-isms,four coupling modes are identified:H-H type,H-L type,L-L type,and L-H type.Finally,this study proposes three policy implica-tions for the integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services in metropolitan areas.
基金Under the auspices of Key Project of the Ministry of Water Resources(No.E202291801,E203101901)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019QZKK0401)。
文摘The Three Gorges Project,the largest water conservation initiative globally,is located within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),a critical zone for water conservation and ecological protection.There is an urgent need to better understand and protect the evolving water conservation functions of the TGRA,alongside identifying the driving mechanisms within its ecological barrier re-gion.This paper explores the spatial and temporal evolution of water conservation function in the TGRA from 1990 to 2020 and its fu-ture trends under different development scenarios from 2020 to 2030.Key driving factors influencing the water conservation function are identified,and a comprehensive development scenario is proposed.The findings indicate a general upward trend in the water conser-vation function of the TGRA,characterized by an initial increase,a subsequent decline,and a final recovery.Moreover,land use changes are found to be the primary factor driving these variations,followed by climatic factors such as precipitation.Under various de-velopment scenarios,the prioritization of water conservation outcomes is ranked as follows:ecological protection>cropland protec-tion>natural development>urban development.The results of this study offer valuable insights for balancing economic development with ecological preservation.
文摘Heavy precipitation and extreme drought have caused severe economic losses over South China and Indochina(INCSC)in recent decades.Given the areas with large gross domestic product(GDP)in the INCSC region are distributed along the coastline and greatly affected by global warming,understanding the possible economic impacts induced by future changes in the maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation(RX5day)and the maximum consecutive dry days(CDD)is critical for adaptation planning in this region.Based on the latest data released by phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6),future projections of precipitation extremes with bias correction and their impacts on GDP over the INCSC region under the fossil-fueled development Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP5-8.5)are investigated.Results indicate that RX5day will intensify robustly throughout the INCSC region,while CDD will lengthen in most regions under global warming.The changes in climate consistently dominate the effect on GDP over the INCSC region,rather than the change of GDP.If only considering the effect of climate change on GDP,the changes in precipitation extremes bring a larger impact on the economy in the future to the provinces of Hunan,Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong,and Hainan in South China,as well as the Malay Peninsula and southern Cambodia in Indochina.Thus,timely regional adaptation strategies are urgent for these regions.Moreover,from the sub-regional average viewpoint,over two thirds of CMIP6 models agree that maintaining a lower global warming level will reduce the economic impacts from heavy precipitation over the INCSC region.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2022D01B234).
文摘The county(city)located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains is the primary area to solidify and extend the success of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China in poverty alleviation.Its Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are intertwined with the concerted economic and social development of Xinjiang and the objective of achieving shared prosperity within the region.This study established a sustainable development evaluation framework by selecting 15 SDGs and 20 secondary indicators from the United Nations’SDGs.The aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the progress of SDGs at the county(city)level on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.The results indicate that there are substantial variations in the scores of SDGs among the nine counties and one city located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.Notable high scores of SDGs are observed in the central and eastern regions,whereas lower scores are prevalent in the western areas.The scores of SDGs,in descending order,are as follows:62.22 for Minfeng County,54.22 for Hotan City,50.21 for Qiemo County,42.54 for Moyu County,41.56 for Ruoqiang County,41.39 for Qira County,39.86 for Lop County,38.25 for Yutian County,38.10 for Pishan County,and 36.87 for Hotan County.The performances of SDGs reveal that Hotan City,Lop County,Minfeng County,and Ruoqiang County have significant sustainable development capacity because they have three or more SDGs ranked as green color.However,Hotan County,Moyu County,Qira County,and Yutian County show the poorest performance,as they lack SDGs with green color.It is important to establish and enhance mechanisms that can ensure sustained income growth among poverty alleviation beneficiaries,sustained improvement in the capacity of rural governance,and the gradual improvement of social security system.These measures will facilitate the effective implementation of SDGs.Finally,this study offers a valuable support for governmental authorities and relevant departments in their decision-making processes.In addition,these results hold significant reference value for assessing SDGs at the county(city)level,particularly in areas characterized by low levels of economic development.
基金This study is supported by Research on the 2nd comprehensive scien-tific investigation into the Tibetan Plateau(2019QZKK0404)Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS(XDA20020300)+1 种基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630644)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680660).
文摘The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is a region with unique and distinctive natural landscapes and cultural charac-teristics and presents a useful case to improve understanding of sustainable development for regions with extreme environments and unique social backgrounds.Research has been conducted for small-scale regions,however there has been insufficient exploration of the problems and countermeasures for sustainable development in Tibet.This study analyzes different functional zones(urbanized zones,agricultural zones,pastoral zones and ecological se-curity zones)of the QTP.Then it develops a sustainable livelihood index(SLI)based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework resulting in three main findings.First,sustainable livelihoods vary greatly across functional zones.The SLI for farmers and herdsmen in the urbanized zones is the highest,with a value of 3.57,followed by the agricultural zones of 3.07.In comparison,the SLI values in the ecological security zones and pastoral zones are 2.92 and 2.85,respectively,indicating that the two zones present challenges for sustainable develop-ment in the QTP.Second,all counties had few natural,social or physical assets,indicating the need to expand assets to achieve sustainable livelihoods.Finally,urbanized and agricultural counties had more robust livelihood strategies than ecological and pastoral counties.In light of these results,strategic options have been formulated to promote sustainable development.These options include:accelerating construction of the third pole national park group;establishing a pattern of green mining;promoting the biological resources industry;and initiating a carbon trading market in the QTP.
文摘Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.
基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK0404)the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences Strategy Priority Research Program(Category A)(XDA20020300)National Natural Science Foundation of China key projects(41630644)。
文摘The development of Qingzang national park cluster is part of China’s efforts to establish a major ecological civi-lization project in the Qingzang Plateau,in line with global sustainable development goals.Based on preliminary scientific investigation and research in the Qingzang Plateau,the construction of the park cluster will include 21 national parks.To mitigate the conflict between conservation of the national park cluster and the develop-ment of local communities,this study proposes an analysis framework to identify the spatial coupling features between the national park cluster and sustainable development of communities.Four elements were selected to construct the analysis framework,including natural conditions,geographic location,cultural background,and national policies.This framework was applied to the 457 township communities within the 21 national parks.Results show the weak influence of the construction of the national park cluster for approximately 304 township communities,without significant spatial coupling traits,while the remaining 153 communities demonstrated significant spatial coupling features.These latter townships had developed four types of spatial coupling with na-tional parks,including eco-migrants,transportation hubs,characteristic cultures,and border development,which account for 17.4%,35.3%,19.8%,and 27.5%of the 153 townships respectively.A composite type with more than one spatial coupling feature was also found for 14 communities within the 153 townships.This provides a reference for policy making towards four major types of interactive modes between townships and the national park construction for the sustainable development of Qingzang Plateau.
基金supported by the Second Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(20190ZKK0401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230510).
文摘Protected areas have long been considered a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation by policy-makers and the conservation community.Yet,despite ongoing efforts,many countries,including China,continue to face persistent challenges in effectively managing these areas.Here we examine how science-management partnerships,particularly those headed by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),have catalyzed governance reforms of protected areas in China.The integration of scientific research with policy action has enabled the establishment of a unified national park system,mitigating management inefficiencies and enhancing ecosystem resilience.We propose strategies for CAS to consolidate its leadership in this domain.These partnerships might offer global insights into evidence-based protected area management.
基金supported by the“Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),Grant No.2019QZKK1007”from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China。
文摘A fundamental shift in the regional development pattern is crucial to achieving a comprehensive green transformation in China.Currently,innovation-driven green development is a significant strategic option for regional development.As the main body of innovation and the basic unit of regional composition,enterprises have a profound impact on the development of regional economy,society,ecology,and other aspects.However,considering China’s vast territory and significant regional differences in natural environment and industrial structure,it’s necessary to further explore the specific impact paths of regional green development driven by enterprise innovation.Therefore,taking industrial enterprises as an example,based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2016 to 2020,this study verifies the impact of industrial enterprise innovation on the regional green development level by constructing a parallel multiple mediating effect model and dividing the economy into eastern,central,and western regions to discuss the specific impact paths.The results show that industrial enterprise innovation has a significant positive effect on regional green development level,via different influencing paths in each region:(1)The eastern region improves the regional green development level by narrowing the urban-rural income gap;(2)The central region improves the regional green development level by reducing resource dependence;and(3)The western region raises the regional green development level by improving the rationalization of industrial structure.
基金Under the auspices of Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42230510)。
文摘The sustainable development of border port-cities is of considerable significance to the stabilization and consolidation of border areas,unlike coastal-ports cities that consist of coastal ports and cities.Border ports should continue to drive the development of their surrounding towns to provide high-quality living conditions,employment,and housing for inhabitants of such towns and enhance the population agglomeration capacity of border areas.This study aimed to analyze the structure of employment and settlement in the cities surrounding the Khorgas Port at the different stages of its development—employing semi-structured interviews with individuals to analyze the spatial orientation characteristics of the daily needs of different groups of people and reveal the ways in which border ports drive the development of their surrounding towns—and recommend ways in which this can be improved.This study finds that as the Khorgas Port’s mutual trade market,industrial base,comprehensive management,and other functions continue to grow,the port is becoming increasingly important.As more people work and settl in the surrounding towns,their living needs also increase.However,a considerable number of employed people do not live nearby,and many living needs are not being addressed in the towns surrounding the port.The study also reveals the living services demands of government management personnel who work at the port on weekdays and return to Yining City on weekends,employees of industrial enterprises who work at the port and return home for the New Year’s celebration,and government management personnel and individual business personnel who work at the port and live nearby.In the future,the focus should be on improving the living conditions of the inhabitants of the towns surrounding Khorgas Port,including public services and the settlement ability of employees of industrial enterprises to better realize the radiation drive of the port on the surrounding towns.
基金Under the auspices of Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42230510)。
文摘Public services,including education,are important elements that affect people’s living standards.Promoting spatial equity in education resources is a crucial indicator of China’s coordinated regional development in the new era.Xinjiang,a border area and home to many ethnic minorities,is a relatively underdeveloped region in China.Optimizing the cross-regional allocation of basic education resources and forming a coordinated regional development is of great significance for achieving the general goal of social stability and long-term peace in Xinjiang.This study adopts a spatial equity analysis framework that incorporates spatial scale,time dimension,factor indicators,and educational stages.The Gini coefficient is used to examine the variability of spatial equity of educational resources in Xinjiang.Results show that the spatial variability of educational resources in Xinjiang increases as the spatial scale becomes lower.The coefficients of variability at provincial,prefectural,and county levels are 0.207,0.257,and 0.302,respectively.The spatial variability shows an increasing trend before 2010 and decreases significantly after 2010.In terms of elementary indicators,the spatial variability of the number of schools per 10000 people is the largest,with Gini coefficients in the range of 0.207-0.302.The teacher-student ratio has a Gini coefficient in the range of 0.068-0.174,and class size has a Gini coefficient in the range of 0.040-0.058.In terms of educational stages,the spatial variability is most prominent in elementary schools,with a coefficient of variation of 0.246-0.339.Senior high schools have a coefficient of variation of 0.220-0.260,while junior high schools are the most balanced,with a coefficient of variation of0.181-0.235.The study also discussed the coupling and coordination relationship between educational resources and regional economic development in Xinjiang.Economic development plays a facilitating role in promoting balanced education,and the coupling and coordination is higher in northern Xinjiang than in southern Xinjiang.The 14 regions and states in Xinjiang form a high-high coordination type,a medium-medium coordination type,and a high-low uncoordinated type.Finally,the study analyzed the reasons for the spatial equity variability of educational resources,including administrative governance levels,information technology construction levels,common national language penetration,and superior talent attraction environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471436,41601587)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2015BAC06B01)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0500909)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601587)
文摘Based on the statistical data, we analyzed and evaluated the degree of coupling and coordination of the eco-economic system in Yanchi County for the period spanning from 1983 to 2014. The eco-economic system can be divided into socioeconomic and ecological sub-systems and their relationship can reveal the interaction state between the two sub-systems and help the local government to establish a coordinated development mode. An index system was constructed to assess the development of the two sub-systems before the evaluation of the degree of coupling and coordination. The principal component regression analysis was adopted to quantitatively assess the influences of natural, economic and social factors on the degree of coupling and coordination of the eco-economic system. Results showed that, from 1983 to 2014, the development trends of both sub-systems were increasing with the ecological sub-system having more fluctuations. The degree of coupling and coordination of the eco-economic system in the study area increased gradually from 1983 to 2014, but experienced five different development stages from the verge of disorder to favorable coordination. The development of the local social and economic conditions was the most important factor influencing the degree of coupling and coordination. The second most important factor was the financial support from the local government. In addition, the environment protection policies also played undeniable roles. Due to the diversity of the influence factors, the government should take comprehensive measures to promote the sustainable development of the eco-economic system.
基金Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),No.2019QZKK0406National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41807510,No.41501139。
文摘The border areas of the Tibetan Plateau and the neighboring mountainous areas have a high incidence of earthquakes with a magnitude greater than M<sub>s</sub> 5.0, as well as having a dense distribution of geological disasters such as collapses, landslides, and debris flows. Revealing the post-disaster economic development and recovery process is very important for enhancing disaster prevention and response capacity in order to formulate control policies and recovery methods for post-disaster economic reconstruction based on economic resilience. Using long-term socioeconomic data and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, this paper calculated the economic resilience index of the areas most severely affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 and adopted the improved variable returns to scale (VRS) date envelopment analysis (DEA) model and the Malmquist productivity index to analyze the efficiency and effect of annual post-disaster recovery. The results show that: (1) the economic resilience index of the areas most severely affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake was 0.877. The earthquake resulted in a short-term economic recession in the affected areas, but the economy returned to pre-quake levels within two years. In addition, the industrial economy was less resilient than agriculture and the service industry. (2) The comprehensive economic recovery efficiency of the disaster-stricken area in the year following the disaster was 0.603. The comprehensive efficiency, the pure technical efficiency, and the scale efficiency of the plain and hilly areas were significantly greater than those of the plateau and mountain areas. (3) The annual fluctuation in total factor productivity (TFP) following the disaster was considerable, and the economic recovery efficiency decreased significantly, resulting in a short-term economic recession. The TFP index returned to steady state following decreases of 33.7% and 15.2%, respectively, in the two years following the disaster. (4) The significant decrease in the post-disaster recovery efficiency was caused mainly by technological changes, and the renewal of the production system was the leading factor in determining the economic resilience following the disaster. With the decline in the scale of economic recovery following the earthquake, long-term economic recovery in the disaster-stricken areas depended mainly on pure technical efficiency, and the improvement in the latter was the driving force for maintaining the long-term growth of the post-disaster economy. Therefore, according to the local characteristics of natural environment and economic system, the disaster-stricken areas need to actively change and readjust their economic structures. At the same time, attention should be paid to updating the production system to enhance the level of technological progress and give full play to the scale effects of large-scale capital, new facilities, human resources, and other investment factors following the disaster so as to enhance the impact of economic resilience and recovery efficiency in response to the disaster.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41771135。
文摘The Chinese government ratified the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016.Accordingly,China aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product(carbon intensity)to 60%–65%of 2005 levels by 2030.However,since numerous factors influence carbon intensity in China,it is critical to assess their relative importance to determine the most important factors.As traditional methods are inadequate for identifying key factors from a range of factors acting in concert,machine learning was applied in this study.Specifically,random forest algorithm,which is based on decision tree theory,was employed because it is insensitive to multicollinearity,is robust to missing and unbalanced data,and provides reasonable predictive results.We identified the key factors affecting carbon intensity in China using random forest algorithm and analyzed the evolution in the key factors from 1980 to 2017.The dominant factors affecting carbon intensity in China from 1980 to 1991 included the scale and proportion of energy-intensive industry,the proportion of fossil fuel-based energy,and technological progress.The Chinese economy developed rapidly between 1992 and 2007;during this time,the effects of the proportion of service industry,price of fossil fuel,and traditional residential consumption on carbon intensity increased.Subsequently,the Chinese economy entered a period of structural adjustment after the 2008 global financial crisis;during this period,reductions in emissions and the availability of new energy types began to have effects on carbon intensity,and the importance of residential consumption increased.The results suggest that optimizing the energy and industrial structures,promoting technological advancement,increasing green consumption,and reducing emissions are keys to decreasing carbon intensity within China in the future.These approaches will help achieve the goal of reducing carbon intensity to 60%–65%of the 2005 level by 2030.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.41630644。
文摘The coordinated development of urban and rural territorial systems has long been a scientific issue of concern in geography and socioeconomic development in China.Based on Territorial Function Theory,this paper establishes a theoretical framework to support the coordinated development of urban and rural territorial systems,analyzes the trend of functional evolution,discusses the impact of efficient allocation and orderly element flow on system equivalence development,and puts forward approaches and policy suggestions for equilibrium development in the future.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The evolution of urban and rural territorial functions has experienced four stages:rural to rural,rural to urban transition,rural to urban,and urban to urban.In this process,territorial functions have been developed to be hierarchical and advanced.(2)Functional evolution enables urban and rural comparative advantages to be transformed from value difference to value equivalence.Increasing the flow intensity and reconstructing the flow space have become the necessary conditions for the coordination of development.(3)Land is the most important resource in China,and land system reform is the key to achieving equivalence development of urban and rural territorial systems,thereby determining the future equilibrium development of the two systems.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2014CB846001)the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41230103,41402032&41402301)
文摘Birnessite films on fluorine-doped tin oxide（FTO） coated glass were prepared by cathodic reduction of aqueous KMnO4. The deposited birnessite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.The photoelectrochemical activity of birnessite films was investigated and a remarkable photocurrent in response to visible light was observed in the presence of phenol, resulting from localized manganese d–d transitions. Based on this result, the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of phenol was investigated. Compared with phenol degradation by the electrochemical oxidation process or photocatalysis separately, a synergetic photoelectrocatalytic degradation effect was observed in the presence of the birnessite film coated FTO electrode.Photoelectrocatalytic degradation ratios were influenced by film thickness and initial phenol concentrations. Phenol degradation with the thinnest birnessite film and initial phenol concentration of 10 mg/L showed the highest efficiency of 91.4% after 8 hr. Meanwhile, the kinetics of phenol removal was fit well by the pseudofirst-order kinetic model.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No 2018YFA0606402)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 41601587, 41671187)
文摘The human and natural factors complicit in the driving forces of oasis change have always received considerable interest from the international research community. In this study, we used principal component analysis of natural and socio-economic statistical factors to quantitatively analyze the causal relationships and their contributions to the observed periodic expansion or shrinkage of the Minqin Oasis over almost 60 years. Our results show that human factors were the dominant factors governing expansion or shrinkage, with average contributions of 69.38% and 76.16%, respectively. Moreover, policy decisions have been the pivotal human factors. Under the influence of various policies, we have found that water resource utilization, land reclamation, population explosion, ecological protection and economic development have each played leading roles in different periods. This study provides a scientific basis for modelling the dynamics of an oasis for sustainable management.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42230510)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Altay Region(No.E0035219)。
文摘The drylands of China are extensive,and they are home to more than one-third of the country’s population.However,the watershed territories of the drylands,where the majority of human activities are concentrated have long experienced strained human-land relationships,culminating in ecological security concerns.Correspondingly,it is essential to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the ecological security of dryland watersheds and to identify the key factors influencing ecological security in order to formulate strategies that ensure the sustainability of drylands.Premised on the Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Response(DPSIR)model,this study developed an ecological security index and applied it to the Irtysh River Basin of Xinjiang,China,from 2000 to 2020.The obstacle degree model was applied to reveal the obstacles in two dimensions:criterion level and indicator level.The findings suggested that the ecological security comprehensive index in the Irtysh River Basin has increased significantly from 2000 to 2020,irrespective of the fact that it decreased during the study period and then increased.The ecological security level changed from‘critically safe’in 2000 to‘general safety’in 2020,with the state subsystem and pressure subsystem becoming ecological security weaknesses.The primary factors influencing the ecological security of the study area were water consumption,the area of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation,the proportion of wetland area,vegetation coverage,and livestock population.The ecological security of different counties in the basin varies greatly,whereas the factors that influence ecological security showed both similarities and differences among the counties.In light of on the findings,we proposed that future strategies for ecological security enhancement should concentrate on enacting the policy of localizing spatial differentiation,optimizing industrial structure,strengthening scientific and technological support in the field of water conservation,bolstering the treatment capacity of environmental facilities,and implementing the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-LakesGrasslands System to support the sustainable development of dryland watersheds.
基金Under the auspices of the Second Comprehensive Scientific Investigation and Research Project of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(No.2019QZKK0406,2019QZKK1007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42001139,42101170)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project(No.XDA20010102)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670472,2020M680660)。
文摘The Changtang Plateau(CTP)in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China is one of the top-10 uninhabited areas with the most important ecological value in the world.It is of great academic and practical significance to carry out research on human settlements in the marginal zones of the uninhabited areas to promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature on the CTP.Using high-definition remote-sensing images to visually interpret and identify settlement-patch data,combined with field investigations,this study explores the spatial characteristics of human settlements in Shuanghu and Nyima counties and their responses to natural and socioeconomic conditions in the hinterland of the CTP.Findings reveal that the scale of human settlements on the CTP is extremely small,and density is very sparse.Settlements on the CTP primarily consist of several households,with some containing more than a dozen households,or are sub-village scale.Socioeconomic development is low and socioeconomic factors have a weak influence on the settlement layout on the CTP.Natural factors are the core elements affecting the layout of human settlements on the CTP.Settlements tend to occur on low mountains,gentle slopes,and areas with high average annual temperatures.Careful settlement site selection can help to mitigate the impact of natural disasters.To meet the needs of grazing,settlement layouts must typically have a high-quality grassland orientation.Riverbanks are key settlement areas,and settlement sites are often far away from alpine salt lakes.The characteristics of settlements on the CTP and their responses to environmental conditions significantly differ from those of human settlements in low-altitude inland areas.
