The reaction of aromatic carboxylic acid with oxalyl chloride gives rise to the corres- ponding acid chloride which without purification is treated with the sodium salt of mercapto- pyridine oxide in the presence of...The reaction of aromatic carboxylic acid with oxalyl chloride gives rise to the corres- ponding acid chloride which without purification is treated with the sodium salt of mercapto- pyridine oxide in the presence of 2,2-azo-bisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), radical initiator to give a brominated aromatic compound. After etherification and oxidation, 5-iodovaniline was converted to trisubstituted benzene carboxylic acid which give 1-bromo-3-methoxy-4-propoxy-5-iodo- benzene by this new brominating process with a yield of 74 %.展开更多
Transparent conducting Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:AI) films with good adhesion have been deposited on polyimide thin film substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering technique at low substrate temperature (25-180℃). The st...Transparent conducting Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:AI) films with good adhesion have been deposited on polyimide thin film substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering technique at low substrate temperature (25-180℃). The structural, optical and electrical properties of the deposited films were investigated. High quality films with electrical resistivity as low as 8.5×10-4 Ω·cm and the average transmittance over 74% in the wavelength range of the visible spectrum have been obtained. The electron carrier concentrations are in the range from 2.9×1020 to 7.1×1020 cm-3 with mobilities from 4 to 8.8 cm2 V-1s-1. The densities of the films are in the range from 4.58 to 5.16 g/cm-3.展开更多
The robust exponential stability in mean square for a class of linearstochastic uncertain control systems is dealt with. For the uncertain stochastic systems, we havedesigned an optimal controller which guarantees the...The robust exponential stability in mean square for a class of linearstochastic uncertain control systems is dealt with. For the uncertain stochastic systems, we havedesigned an optimal controller which guarantees the exponential stability of the system. Actually,we employed Lyapunov function approach and the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation (SARE) to haveshown the robustness of the linear quadratic(LQ) optimal control law. And the algebraic criteria forthe exponential stability on the linear stochastic uncertain closed-loop systems are given.展开更多
Transmission signal of radiation in suspension of particles performed with a high spatial and temporal resolution shows significant fluctuations, which are related to the physical properties of the particles and the p...Transmission signal of radiation in suspension of particles performed with a high spatial and temporal resolution shows significant fluctuations, which are related to the physical properties of the particles and the process of spatial and temporal averaging. Exploiting this connection, it is possible to calculate the particle size distribution (PSD) and particle concentration. This paper provides an approach of transmission fluctuation spectrometry (TFS) with variable spatial averaging. The transmission fluctuations are expressed in terms of the expectancy of transmission square (ETS) and are obtained as a spectrum, which is a function of the variable beam diameter. The reversal point and the depth of the spectrum contain the information of particle size and particle concentration, respectively.展开更多
In this paper,an approach to improving consistency of judgement matrix in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is presented,which utilizes the eigenvector to revise a pair of entries of judgement matrix each time.By u...In this paper,an approach to improving consistency of judgement matrix in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is presented,which utilizes the eigenvector to revise a pair of entries of judgement matrix each time.By using this method,any judgement matrix with a large C.R.can be modified to a matrix which can both tally with the consistency requirement and reserve the most information that the original matrix contains.An algorithm to derive a judgement matrix with acceptable consistency (i.e.,C.R.<0.1) and two criteria of evaluating modificatory effectiveness are also given.展开更多
A virtual lab system is the simulation of real devices and experiments usingcomputer and network technology. It can make users do experiments easily, observe experimentphenomena and results through the remote terminal...A virtual lab system is the simulation of real devices and experiments usingcomputer and network technology. It can make users do experiments easily, observe experimentphenomena and results through the remote terminal. Consequently, users can get final results toverify relative theory. The article analyses the features of virtual lab systems. A real virtual labsystem named 'Multimedia Virtual Lab for Digital Circuit Logic Design (MVLDCLD)' which has beendeveloped by the authors and their group is also presented.展开更多
Transmission and diffraction of radiation through a monolayer of monodisperse opaque spherical particles at different particle concentrations are studied theoretically and by numerical calculation. It is found that t...Transmission and diffraction of radiation through a monolayer of monodisperse opaque spherical particles at different particle concentrations are studied theoretically and by numerical calculation. It is found that the transmission and the diffraction pattern are strongly dependent on the receiving aperture and the monolayer density.展开更多
Yager presented the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator to provide a method for aggregating information of decision-making. Yager and Filev further presented the Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging (IOWA) operato...Yager presented the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator to provide a method for aggregating information of decision-making. Yager and Filev further presented the Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging (IOWA) operator. In this paper, we propose a Generalized Induced Ordered Weighted Geometric (GIOWG) operator and establish a simple objective-programming model to learn the associated weighting vector from observational data. Each object processed by the GIOWG operator consists of three components, where the first component represents the importance degree or character of the second component, and the second component is used to induce an ordering, through the first component, over the third components which are then aggregated. The desirable properties, such as commutativity, idempotency and monotonicity, etc., associated wlth the GIOWG operator are studied in detail, and some numerical examples are given to show the practicality and effectiveness of the developed operator.展开更多
文摘The reaction of aromatic carboxylic acid with oxalyl chloride gives rise to the corres- ponding acid chloride which without purification is treated with the sodium salt of mercapto- pyridine oxide in the presence of 2,2-azo-bisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), radical initiator to give a brominated aromatic compound. After etherification and oxidation, 5-iodovaniline was converted to trisubstituted benzene carboxylic acid which give 1-bromo-3-methoxy-4-propoxy-5-iodo- benzene by this new brominating process with a yield of 74 %.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60276044)the Ministry of Education of China Science and Technology Study Accented Term.
文摘Transparent conducting Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:AI) films with good adhesion have been deposited on polyimide thin film substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering technique at low substrate temperature (25-180℃). The structural, optical and electrical properties of the deposited films were investigated. High quality films with electrical resistivity as low as 8.5×10-4 Ω·cm and the average transmittance over 74% in the wavelength range of the visible spectrum have been obtained. The electron carrier concentrations are in the range from 2.9×1020 to 7.1×1020 cm-3 with mobilities from 4 to 8.8 cm2 V-1s-1. The densities of the films are in the range from 4.58 to 5.16 g/cm-3.
文摘The robust exponential stability in mean square for a class of linearstochastic uncertain control systems is dealt with. For the uncertain stochastic systems, we havedesigned an optimal controller which guarantees the exponential stability of the system. Actually,we employed Lyapunov function approach and the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation (SARE) to haveshown the robustness of the linear quadratic(LQ) optimal control law. And the algebraic criteria forthe exponential stability on the linear stochastic uncertain closed-loop systems are given.
文摘Transmission signal of radiation in suspension of particles performed with a high spatial and temporal resolution shows significant fluctuations, which are related to the physical properties of the particles and the process of spatial and temporal averaging. Exploiting this connection, it is possible to calculate the particle size distribution (PSD) and particle concentration. This paper provides an approach of transmission fluctuation spectrometry (TFS) with variable spatial averaging. The transmission fluctuations are expressed in terms of the expectancy of transmission square (ETS) and are obtained as a spectrum, which is a function of the variable beam diameter. The reversal point and the depth of the spectrum contain the information of particle size and particle concentration, respectively.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Project 79970093, the Ph.D. Dissertation Foundation of Southeast University-NARI-Relays Electric Co. Ltd.
文摘In this paper,an approach to improving consistency of judgement matrix in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is presented,which utilizes the eigenvector to revise a pair of entries of judgement matrix each time.By using this method,any judgement matrix with a large C.R.can be modified to a matrix which can both tally with the consistency requirement and reserve the most information that the original matrix contains.An algorithm to derive a judgement matrix with acceptable consistency (i.e.,C.R.<0.1) and two criteria of evaluating modificatory effectiveness are also given.
文摘A virtual lab system is the simulation of real devices and experiments usingcomputer and network technology. It can make users do experiments easily, observe experimentphenomena and results through the remote terminal. Consequently, users can get final results toverify relative theory. The article analyses the features of virtual lab systems. A real virtual labsystem named 'Multimedia Virtual Lab for Digital Circuit Logic Design (MVLDCLD)' which has beendeveloped by the authors and their group is also presented.
文摘Transmission and diffraction of radiation through a monolayer of monodisperse opaque spherical particles at different particle concentrations are studied theoretically and by numerical calculation. It is found that the transmission and the diffraction pattern are strongly dependent on the receiving aperture and the monolayer density.
文摘Yager presented the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator to provide a method for aggregating information of decision-making. Yager and Filev further presented the Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging (IOWA) operator. In this paper, we propose a Generalized Induced Ordered Weighted Geometric (GIOWG) operator and establish a simple objective-programming model to learn the associated weighting vector from observational data. Each object processed by the GIOWG operator consists of three components, where the first component represents the importance degree or character of the second component, and the second component is used to induce an ordering, through the first component, over the third components which are then aggregated. The desirable properties, such as commutativity, idempotency and monotonicity, etc., associated wlth the GIOWG operator are studied in detail, and some numerical examples are given to show the practicality and effectiveness of the developed operator.
