AIM: To find suitable solutions having lesser granules and keeping erythrocytes in normal shapes under atomic force microscopy (AFM). METHODS: Eight kinds of solutions, 1% formaldehyde, PBS buffer (pH7.2), citrate buf...AIM: To find suitable solutions having lesser granules and keeping erythrocytes in normal shapes under atomic force microscopy (AFM). METHODS: Eight kinds of solutions, 1% formaldehyde, PBS buffer (pH7.2), citrate buffer (pH6.0), 0.9% NaCl, 5% dextrose, TAE, 1640 medium and 5% EDTA-K2, were selected from commonly used laboratory solutions, and venous blood from a healthy human volunteer was drawn and anticoagulated with EDTA-K2. Before scanned by AFM (NanoScopeIIIa SPM, Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA), a kind of intermixture was deposited on freshly cleaved mica and then dried in the constant temperature cabinet (37 ℃). RESULTS: One percent formaldehyde, citrate buffer, 5% dextrose, TAE, were found to keep human erythrocytes in normal shape with few particles. Processed by these solutions, fine structures of human erythrocyte membrane were obtained. CONCLUSION: One percent formaldehyde, citrate buffer, 5% dextrose and TAE may be applied to dispose erythrocytes in AFM. The results may offer meaningful data for clinical diagnosis of blood by AFM.展开更多
To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in China, newly diagnosed cases of type 1 diabetes with an onset age under 15 years were retrospectively registered by 23 local ...To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in China, newly diagnosed cases of type 1 diabetes with an onset age under 15 years were retrospectively registered by 23 local centers in China following a standardized protocal on the basis of the nationwide registry established by the WHO DiaMond Project China Participating Center, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine (CAPM). A population of about 24 million children were covered in the defined areas . A two_sample capture_recapture method was used to estimate case ascertainment. Between 1988 and 1996, 903 diabetic cases were registered in 9 ethnic groups. The overall ascertainment corrected incidence rate (IR) was 0.59 per 100 000 person_year. The IR was 0.52/100,000(95%CI:0.50～0.54)for males and 0.66/100,000(95%CI:0.64～0.68)for females. The standardized ascertainment corrected IR by the national age_specific population in 1990 was 0.57 per 100,000 person_year. The incidence among various ethnic groups ranged from 0.25/100,000 to 3.06/100,000. The IRs increased with northern latitude, and the IR of Han population was significantly higher in North China compared with South China (0.67 versus 0.53 per 100,000 respectively, \%P\%<0.01). A correlation model of incidence and calendar time showed that the IR increased significantly between 1988 and 1996 (\%r\%=0.86, \%P\%=0.0027). The relative risk (RR) of type 1 diabetes mellitus for different age_groups estimated by a Poisson regression model showed that taking RR as 1.00 for age_group from 0 to 4 years, the RR for age_group from 5 to 9 year and from 10 to 14 year was 2.30 and 3.60 respectively. The standardized ascertainment corrected IR of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in China is much lower than in other countries. The geographic and ethnic variability of the incidence suggests that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of childhood diabetes in China.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30171036
文摘AIM: To find suitable solutions having lesser granules and keeping erythrocytes in normal shapes under atomic force microscopy (AFM). METHODS: Eight kinds of solutions, 1% formaldehyde, PBS buffer (pH7.2), citrate buffer (pH6.0), 0.9% NaCl, 5% dextrose, TAE, 1640 medium and 5% EDTA-K2, were selected from commonly used laboratory solutions, and venous blood from a healthy human volunteer was drawn and anticoagulated with EDTA-K2. Before scanned by AFM (NanoScopeIIIa SPM, Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA), a kind of intermixture was deposited on freshly cleaved mica and then dried in the constant temperature cabinet (37 ℃). RESULTS: One percent formaldehyde, citrate buffer, 5% dextrose, TAE, were found to keep human erythrocytes in normal shape with few particles. Processed by these solutions, fine structures of human erythrocyte membrane were obtained. CONCLUSION: One percent formaldehyde, citrate buffer, 5% dextrose and TAE may be applied to dispose erythrocytes in AFM. The results may offer meaningful data for clinical diagnosis of blood by AFM.
文摘To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in China, newly diagnosed cases of type 1 diabetes with an onset age under 15 years were retrospectively registered by 23 local centers in China following a standardized protocal on the basis of the nationwide registry established by the WHO DiaMond Project China Participating Center, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine (CAPM). A population of about 24 million children were covered in the defined areas . A two_sample capture_recapture method was used to estimate case ascertainment. Between 1988 and 1996, 903 diabetic cases were registered in 9 ethnic groups. The overall ascertainment corrected incidence rate (IR) was 0.59 per 100 000 person_year. The IR was 0.52/100,000(95%CI:0.50～0.54)for males and 0.66/100,000(95%CI:0.64～0.68)for females. The standardized ascertainment corrected IR by the national age_specific population in 1990 was 0.57 per 100,000 person_year. The incidence among various ethnic groups ranged from 0.25/100,000 to 3.06/100,000. The IRs increased with northern latitude, and the IR of Han population was significantly higher in North China compared with South China (0.67 versus 0.53 per 100,000 respectively, \%P\%<0.01). A correlation model of incidence and calendar time showed that the IR increased significantly between 1988 and 1996 (\%r\%=0.86, \%P\%=0.0027). The relative risk (RR) of type 1 diabetes mellitus for different age_groups estimated by a Poisson regression model showed that taking RR as 1.00 for age_group from 0 to 4 years, the RR for age_group from 5 to 9 year and from 10 to 14 year was 2.30 and 3.60 respectively. The standardized ascertainment corrected IR of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in China is much lower than in other countries. The geographic and ethnic variability of the incidence suggests that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of childhood diabetes in China.
