The feeding and oviposition behavior of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens on two transgenic indica rice homogenous genotypes (B1 and B6) with cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis and trans...The feeding and oviposition behavior of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens on two transgenic indica rice homogenous genotypes (B1 and B6) with cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic restored line of hybrid rice (MSA) with SCK gene (a modified CpTI gene) were measured, compared with those on their corresponding non transgenic parental cultivars Jiazao935 and Minghui86 performed by BPH. Under the selection condition of host plants by BPH, loading percentage, oviposition preference and laying egg number of BPH both on transgenic cry1Ab rice and transgenic SCK rice were not significantly different from those on their controls, while their total number of probing wound caused by PBH expect for feeding on B1 plants was markedly more than that on the control. In contrast, under the non selection condition, total number of probing wound caused by BPH on either transgenic cry1Ab rice or transgenic SCK rice was pronouncedly more than those on their controls. Conversely, their honeydew amount excreted by BPH after feeding for 24 h was significantly less than those on the control. As a conclusion, three tested transgenic rice genotypes with insect resistance acted adverse effect on BHP feeding, and no marked effect on BPH oviposition.展开更多
Water content (WC) and sap flow from leaf sheath of rice plants with varying nitrogen levels at different growth stages, and fluctuations in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants being damaged by brown planthopp...Water content (WC) and sap flow from leaf sheath of rice plants with varying nitrogen levels at different growth stages, and fluctuations in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants being damaged by brown planthoppcr (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were determined in the laboratory, and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH at different nitrogen regimes was evaluated in the greenhouse at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the Philippines. The results indicated that both WC and RWC were increased significantly, as the amount of sap flow from rice plants was reduced statistically, with the increase of nitrogen content in rice plants. RWC in rice plants applied with high nitrogen fertilizer decreased drastically by the injury of BPH nymphs, while the reduced survival duration of rice plants with the increase of nitrogen content was recorded. These may be considered to be one of the important factors in increasing the susceptibility to BPH damage on rice plants applied with nitrogen fertilizer.展开更多
A wing specific F 1 genetic screen was carried out using the powerful Drosophila genetic system, combined with yeast FRT/FLP and GAL4/UAS system. Form the wing phenotypes and germline clone embryonic cuticle phenotype...A wing specific F 1 genetic screen was carried out using the powerful Drosophila genetic system, combined with yeast FRT/FLP and GAL4/UAS system. Form the wing phenotypes and germline clone embryonic cuticle phenotypes observed in these mutant alleles, a number of mutant alleles of known or unknown genes were isolated. Among them, fifteen mutant alleles related to Wingless signal transduction were further isolated; the arm of these mutations located were determined, and their location in the chromosome were roughly mapped.展开更多
The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, is an economically important pest that devastates varieties of crops worldwide and develops significant resistance to common chemical pesticides, most of which lack o...The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, is an economically important pest that devastates varieties of crops worldwide and develops significant resistance to common chemical pesticides, most of which lack ovicidal activity. In the present study, two isolates of entomopathogenic fungi, Beuaveria bassiana SG8702 and Paeccilomyces fumosoroseus Pfr153, were bioassayed against T.cinnabarinus eggs at 25℃ under a photophase of 12:12(L:D). Infected eggs on Vicia faba var. minor leaves failed to hatch due to distortion and shrinkage and had fungal outgrowths when maintained under moist conditions. Sprays of B. bassiana conidia to T. cinnabarinus eggs (on leaves) at the concentrations of 58, 298 and 1306 conidia/mm^2 (3 replicates per concentration and 35-65 fresh mite eggs per replicate)resulted in corrected egg mortalities of 20.4±4.2%,36.0±7.6% and 64.6±12.5% (F=43.14, P<0.01), respectively;sprays of P. fumosoroseus at 129, 402 and 2328 conidia/mm^2 caused egg mortalities of 16.1±11.1%, 44.2±13.3%, and 63.4±11.7% (F=15.37,P=0.01), respectively. In contrast,natural egg mortalities in blank controls were 7.8% and 10.3% only. Based on probit analysis, the estimates of LC50 with 95% confidential limits were 548 (393-858) conidia/mm^2 for B. bassiana and 914 (625-1550) for P. fumosoroseus, respectively. Apparently, both fungal species were capable of infecting T. cinnabarinus eggs, but the ovicidal activity of the B. bassiana isolate was greater than that of the P. fumosoroseus isolate. This represents the first report on the ovicidal activity of the two entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes against T. cinnabarinus.展开更多
The chemical composition and the nutritional quality of protein, fatty acids and chitin of adult field cricket Gryllus testaceus Walker were investigated. The adult insect contalned: crude protein 58.3 %; fat 10.3 %, ...The chemical composition and the nutritional quality of protein, fatty acids and chitin of adult field cricket Gryllus testaceus Walker were investigated. The adult insect contalned: crude protein 58.3 %; fat 10.3 %, chitin 8.7 % and ash 2.96 % on dry matter basis respectively. The essential amino acid profile compared well with FAO/WHO recommended pattern except for cysteine and methionine. The fatty acid analysis showed unsaturated acid of the field cricket to be present in high quantities, and the total percentage of oleic acid, linolic acid and linolenic acid was 77.51%. The chitin content of the insect was 8.7 % with a better quality than the commercial chitin that was prepared from shells of shrimp and crab. Therefore the chemical composition of the field cricket indicates the insect to be a good supplement to nutrition for food and feed, even a raw material for medicine.展开更多
A novel method was developed to use glutinous broomcorn millets (Panicum miliaceum L.) as solid substrate to make cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus Pandora delphacis specifically pathogenic to planthoppers, lea...A novel method was developed to use glutinous broomcorn millets (Panicum miliaceum L.) as solid substrate to make cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus Pandora delphacis specifically pathogenic to planthoppers, leafhop-pers and aphids. Steamed millets with water content of 45% were inoculated with a liquid culture of P. delphacis at a ratio of 20% (v/w) and then incubated at 25℃ and L:D 12:12. The millets cultured for 3—17 d exhibited high potential for co-nidial production. The 5-d-old millet culture sporulated most abundantly, discharging up to 17.12 (1.31) 104 conidia/ millet. The cultures incubated for 7—11 d also had a satis-factory sporulation capability, yielding 13.00—13.90 104 conidia/millet. Compared to 2.32 (0.34) 104 conidia dis-charged from each of Myzus persicae adults killed by P. del-phacis and a ≤60-h duration of sporulation, each of the millets cultured for 5—11 d produced 5.6—7.4 times more conidia with an over doubled duration for conidial discharge (144 h). Among 106 M. persicae adults exposed to the shower of conidia discharged from the cultured millets, a total mor-tality of 69.8% caused by P. delphacis infection was observed within 7 d after exposure, but no death was attributed to the fungal infection in the aphids unexposed. The results indi-cate that the millet cultures of P. delphacis are biologically similar to aphid cadavers killed by the same fungus. Due to the superiority of the cultured millets to the cadavers in sporulation potential and duration, the method for making cultures of P. delphacis on the broomcorn millets is highly recommended for use in study of entomophthoralean fungi for microbial control. This is the first report on the success of the solid culture of Pandora species on cereals.展开更多
The venomous phospholipase A2 (AcPLA2) coding reading region of the Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana), which is composed of 405 bp encoding a mature glycosylated peptide with 134 amino residues was transformed int...The venomous phospholipase A2 (AcPLA2) coding reading region of the Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana), which is composed of 405 bp encoding a mature glycosylated peptide with 134 amino residues was transformed into the expression vector pETblue-1. Then the recombinant vector was introduced into Escherichia coli Tuner (DE3) plac I for expression. Analysis result of SDS-PAGE showed that the expression products had a protein band of about 15 kD. Detection of western blot using ant-European honeybee (Apis mellifera) phospholipase A2 (AmPLA2) polyclonal serum as the first antibody showed that the expression products appeared a special blot same as the native AmPLA2.The result demonstrated that the AcPLA2 peptide had been expressed in E. coli and the AcPLA2 has the similar antigenicity as the AmPLA2.展开更多
文摘The feeding and oviposition behavior of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens on two transgenic indica rice homogenous genotypes (B1 and B6) with cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic restored line of hybrid rice (MSA) with SCK gene (a modified CpTI gene) were measured, compared with those on their corresponding non transgenic parental cultivars Jiazao935 and Minghui86 performed by BPH. Under the selection condition of host plants by BPH, loading percentage, oviposition preference and laying egg number of BPH both on transgenic cry1Ab rice and transgenic SCK rice were not significantly different from those on their controls, while their total number of probing wound caused by PBH expect for feeding on B1 plants was markedly more than that on the control. In contrast, under the non selection condition, total number of probing wound caused by BPH on either transgenic cry1Ab rice or transgenic SCK rice was pronouncedly more than those on their controls. Conversely, their honeydew amount excreted by BPH after feeding for 24 h was significantly less than those on the control. As a conclusion, three tested transgenic rice genotypes with insect resistance acted adverse effect on BHP feeding, and no marked effect on BPH oviposition.
文摘Water content (WC) and sap flow from leaf sheath of rice plants with varying nitrogen levels at different growth stages, and fluctuations in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants being damaged by brown planthoppcr (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were determined in the laboratory, and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH at different nitrogen regimes was evaluated in the greenhouse at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the Philippines. The results indicated that both WC and RWC were increased significantly, as the amount of sap flow from rice plants was reduced statistically, with the increase of nitrogen content in rice plants. RWC in rice plants applied with high nitrogen fertilizer decreased drastically by the injury of BPH nymphs, while the reduced survival duration of rice plants with the increase of nitrogen content was recorded. These may be considered to be one of the important factors in increasing the susceptibility to BPH damage on rice plants applied with nitrogen fertilizer.
基金Project (No.30230070) supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A wing specific F 1 genetic screen was carried out using the powerful Drosophila genetic system, combined with yeast FRT/FLP and GAL4/UAS system. Form the wing phenotypes and germline clone embryonic cuticle phenotypes observed in these mutant alleles, a number of mutant alleles of known or unknown genes were isolated. Among them, fifteen mutant alleles related to Wingless signal transduction were further isolated; the arm of these mutations located were determined, and their location in the chromosome were roughly mapped.
文摘The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, is an economically important pest that devastates varieties of crops worldwide and develops significant resistance to common chemical pesticides, most of which lack ovicidal activity. In the present study, two isolates of entomopathogenic fungi, Beuaveria bassiana SG8702 and Paeccilomyces fumosoroseus Pfr153, were bioassayed against T.cinnabarinus eggs at 25℃ under a photophase of 12:12(L:D). Infected eggs on Vicia faba var. minor leaves failed to hatch due to distortion and shrinkage and had fungal outgrowths when maintained under moist conditions. Sprays of B. bassiana conidia to T. cinnabarinus eggs (on leaves) at the concentrations of 58, 298 and 1306 conidia/mm^2 (3 replicates per concentration and 35-65 fresh mite eggs per replicate)resulted in corrected egg mortalities of 20.4±4.2%,36.0±7.6% and 64.6±12.5% (F=43.14, P<0.01), respectively;sprays of P. fumosoroseus at 129, 402 and 2328 conidia/mm^2 caused egg mortalities of 16.1±11.1%, 44.2±13.3%, and 63.4±11.7% (F=15.37,P=0.01), respectively. In contrast,natural egg mortalities in blank controls were 7.8% and 10.3% only. Based on probit analysis, the estimates of LC50 with 95% confidential limits were 548 (393-858) conidia/mm^2 for B. bassiana and 914 (625-1550) for P. fumosoroseus, respectively. Apparently, both fungal species were capable of infecting T. cinnabarinus eggs, but the ovicidal activity of the B. bassiana isolate was greater than that of the P. fumosoroseus isolate. This represents the first report on the ovicidal activity of the two entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes against T. cinnabarinus.
文摘The chemical composition and the nutritional quality of protein, fatty acids and chitin of adult field cricket Gryllus testaceus Walker were investigated. The adult insect contalned: crude protein 58.3 %; fat 10.3 %, chitin 8.7 % and ash 2.96 % on dry matter basis respectively. The essential amino acid profile compared well with FAO/WHO recommended pattern except for cysteine and methionine. The fatty acid analysis showed unsaturated acid of the field cricket to be present in high quantities, and the total percentage of oleic acid, linolic acid and linolenic acid was 77.51%. The chitin content of the insect was 8.7 % with a better quality than the commercial chitin that was prepared from shells of shrimp and crab. Therefore the chemical composition of the field cricket indicates the insect to be a good supplement to nutrition for food and feed, even a raw material for medicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30070514)the Special Fund for Graduate Study Programs in Chinese Universities(Grant No.200203335041)the‘Cheung Kong Scholars Programme’,Ministry of Education,China.
文摘A novel method was developed to use glutinous broomcorn millets (Panicum miliaceum L.) as solid substrate to make cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus Pandora delphacis specifically pathogenic to planthoppers, leafhop-pers and aphids. Steamed millets with water content of 45% were inoculated with a liquid culture of P. delphacis at a ratio of 20% (v/w) and then incubated at 25℃ and L:D 12:12. The millets cultured for 3—17 d exhibited high potential for co-nidial production. The 5-d-old millet culture sporulated most abundantly, discharging up to 17.12 (1.31) 104 conidia/ millet. The cultures incubated for 7—11 d also had a satis-factory sporulation capability, yielding 13.00—13.90 104 conidia/millet. Compared to 2.32 (0.34) 104 conidia dis-charged from each of Myzus persicae adults killed by P. del-phacis and a ≤60-h duration of sporulation, each of the millets cultured for 5—11 d produced 5.6—7.4 times more conidia with an over doubled duration for conidial discharge (144 h). Among 106 M. persicae adults exposed to the shower of conidia discharged from the cultured millets, a total mor-tality of 69.8% caused by P. delphacis infection was observed within 7 d after exposure, but no death was attributed to the fungal infection in the aphids unexposed. The results indi-cate that the millet cultures of P. delphacis are biologically similar to aphid cadavers killed by the same fungus. Due to the superiority of the cultured millets to the cadavers in sporulation potential and duration, the method for making cultures of P. delphacis on the broomcorn millets is highly recommended for use in study of entomophthoralean fungi for microbial control. This is the first report on the success of the solid culture of Pandora species on cereals.
文摘The venomous phospholipase A2 (AcPLA2) coding reading region of the Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana), which is composed of 405 bp encoding a mature glycosylated peptide with 134 amino residues was transformed into the expression vector pETblue-1. Then the recombinant vector was introduced into Escherichia coli Tuner (DE3) plac I for expression. Analysis result of SDS-PAGE showed that the expression products had a protein band of about 15 kD. Detection of western blot using ant-European honeybee (Apis mellifera) phospholipase A2 (AmPLA2) polyclonal serum as the first antibody showed that the expression products appeared a special blot same as the native AmPLA2.The result demonstrated that the AcPLA2 peptide had been expressed in E. coli and the AcPLA2 has the similar antigenicity as the AmPLA2.
