Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems...Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems.For example,overexploitation of natural resources,mining,pollution,and deforestation are all elements that negatively affect biodiversity and natural resources.Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the damage caused,despite the significant uncontrolled pressure from human activity.However,maintaining its environment is essential to the survival of coastal fishing.Goal:This study’s goal was to evaluate how human activity affected Tabounsou’s coastal ecology in order to suggest remedial actions for sustainable management.The following was the methodological approach used:executive consultation and archival analysis;stakeholder survey(locals,farmers,salt producers,fishers,and loggers);inventory of species;anthropogenic activity inventory;evaluation of how human activity affects aquatic life in the research region;suggestion and action for sustainable management;Outcome:Executive consultation indicated that the main issues are:construction projects that reduce the estuary’s surface area;agricultural practices such as woodcutting and salt farming;the rise in resource exploitation;noncompliance with fisheries laws;and the catching of young fish.Eighty-three percent of fisherman ditch their nets on the coast after using them,but only seventeen percent burn them.With a 75%frequency rate,the same survey indicates that most fisherman fish around the coast.In the Tabounsou area,according to loggers’survey,68%of the wood cut is Rhizophora,24%is Avicennia,and 8%is Laguncularia.Three fish stocks,representing nine families and nine species,were identified by the species inventory.At 18%and 15%,respectively,the actors most frequently capture the species Pseudotolithus elongatus and Arius parkii.According to a poll of 30 farmers,90%of them apply fertilizer to their soil,while only 10%do not.During the dry season,salt is grown.According to two actors,Bougna Toro Toro produces 100 kg of salt per day,followed by Khoumawadé,which produces 80 kg,and Toumbibougni,which produces 70 kg.展开更多
This work’s goal was to compile a list of fishing-related violations in order to suggest ways to enhance the surveillance system.In order to accomplish this goal,the following approach was used:Executive consultation...This work’s goal was to compile a list of fishing-related violations in order to suggest ways to enhance the surveillance system.In order to accomplish this goal,the following approach was used:Executive consultation and archive exploitation;surveillance agent survey;surveillance system identification and description;identification of offenses and fleet involved in the Guinean exclusive and economic area in recent years;identification and categorization of offense causes;surveillance system evaluation;and suggestion for enhanced surveillance system measures.Monitoring of this strategy showed that:fishing operating zones,administrative paperwork,and fishing gear are all linked to the infractions committed in the Guinean exclusive and economic zone.Records show that there were 308 boardings between 2006 and 2021.IP(Intellectual Property)infringement rates are 59%,Motorized Artisanal Fishing is 25%,and Semi-industrial fishing is 16%.In Motorized Artisanal Fishing,the Guineans have committed 33,the Senegalese have committed 23,and the Leonese have committed 18.In Semi-industrial fishing,the Chinese have committed 17 and the Senegalese have committed 16.According to the stakeholder survey,Vessal Monitoring System monitored 79 vessels in industrial fishing and 49 in Semi-industrial fishing in 2021.Registration certificates,personnel,rescue gear,gross tonnage,coastal state fishing authority,and maritime radio license are typically the primary documents examined at sea.From 2006 to 2022,a total of 135 fleets-80 demersal trawlers,7 cephalopod boats,21 shrimp boats,22 pelagic trawlers,and 5 cargo ships-were implicated in violations in the Guinean exclusive and economic area.By integrating the automatic identification system and Vessal Monitoring systems for fisheries surveillance,establishing a marking system for fishing gear,investing in highly effective launches,and protecting the privacy of patrol activities,Guinea’s surveillance system might be improved more effectively.展开更多
CR Dhan 310(CRD310),a biofortified rice variety,contains a significantly higher level of grain protein compared with its recurrent parent Naveen(NV),as well as most adapted high-yielding rice varieties in India.Althou...CR Dhan 310(CRD310),a biofortified rice variety,contains a significantly higher level of grain protein compared with its recurrent parent Naveen(NV),as well as most adapted high-yielding rice varieties in India.Although a limited investigation depicted that CRD310 contained higher levels of glutelin and some essential amino acids,detailed biochemical,molecular,and cellular mechanisms remain to be studied.As one of the means to identify the proteins and understand the underlying mechanism of higher proteins accumulation in grains of CRD310,the comparative proteomics was undertaken on grains of CRD310 and NV at the yellow ripening stage.展开更多
The production of transgenic farm animals(e.g., cattle) via genome engineering for the gain or loss of gene functions is an important undertaking. In the initial stages of genome engineering, DNA micro-injection into ...The production of transgenic farm animals(e.g., cattle) via genome engineering for the gain or loss of gene functions is an important undertaking. In the initial stages of genome engineering, DNA micro-injection into one-cell stage embryos(zygotes) followed by embryo transfer into a recipient was performed because of the ease of the procedure.However, as this approach resulted in severe mosaicism and has a low efficiency, it is not typically employed in the cattle as priority, unlike in mice. To overcome the above issue with micro-injection in cattle, somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) was introduced and successfully used to produce cloned livestock. The application of SCNT for the production of transgenic livestock represents a significant advancement, but its development speed is relatively slow because of abnormal reprogramming and low gene targeting efficiency. Recent genome editing technologies(e.g.,ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR-Cas9) have been rapidly adapted for applications in cattle and great results have been achieved in several fields such as disease models and bioreactors. In the future, genome engineering technologies wil accelerate our understanding of genetic traits in bovine and wil be readily adapted for bio-medical applications in cattle.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antifungal activity of four honeys of different types from Algeria against pathogenic yeast i.e.Candida albicans(C.albicans) and Rhoddtorula sp.Methods:Four Algeria honeys of different botani...Objective:To evaluate the antifungal activity of four honeys of different types from Algeria against pathogenic yeast i.e.Candida albicans(C.albicans) and Rhoddtorula sp.Methods:Four Algeria honeys of different botanical origin were analvzed to test anlilungal effect against C.albicans,and Rhodotorula sp.Different concentrations(undiluted,10%,30%,50%and 70%w/v) of honey were studied in vitro for their antifugal aclivity using C.albicans and Rhodotorula sp.as fungal strains.Results:The range of the c liameter of zone of inhibition of various concentrations ol tested honeys was(7-23 mm) for Rhodotorula sp.,while C.albicans showed clearly resistance towards all concentrations used.The MICs of tested honey concentrations against C.albicans and Rhodotorula sp.were(70.09-93.48)%and(4.90-99.70)%v/v,respectively.Conclusions:This study demonstrales that,in vitro,these natural products have clearly an antifungal activity against Rhodotorula sp.and C.albicans.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the additive action of ginger starch on the antifungal activity of honey against Candida albicans(C.albicans).Methods:C.albicans was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of ...Objective:To evaluate the additive action of ginger starch on the antifungal activity of honey against Candida albicans(C.albicans).Methods:C.albicans was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of four varieties of Algerian honey.Lower concentrations of honey than the MIC were incubated with a set of concentrations of starch and then added to media to detennine the minimum additive inhibitory concentration(MAIC).Results:The MIC for the four varieties of honey without starch against C.albicans ranged between 38%and 42%(v/v).When starch was incubated with honey and then added to media,a MIC drop was noticed with each variety.MAIC of the four varieties ranged between 32%honey(v/v)with 4%starch and 36%honey(v/v) with 2%starch.Conclusions:The use of ginger starch allows honey benefit and will constitute an alternative way against the resistance to antifungal agents.展开更多
Inflammatory responses are essential in eliminating harmful substrates from damaged tissue and inducing recovery.Several cytokines participate in and facilitate this response. Certain cytokines such as interleukin(IL...Inflammatory responses are essential in eliminating harmful substrates from damaged tissue and inducing recovery.Several cytokines participate in and facilitate this response. Certain cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 are initially produced in precursor form in response to toll-like receptor(TLR) ligands and undergo maturation by inflammasomes, which are cytosolic multi-protein complexes containing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-containing protein 2-like receptors(NLRs). Immune modulators targeting inflammasomes have been investigated to control inflammatory diseases such as metabolic syndrome. However, most immune modulators possessing anti-inflammasome properties attenuate production of other cytokines, which are essential for host defense. In this review, we analyzed the effect of anti-inflammasome agents on the production of cytokines which are not regulated by inflammasome and involving in initial immune responses. As a result, the infiammasome inhibitors are put into three categories: non-effector, stimulator, or inhibitor of cytokine production. Even the stimulator of cytokine production ameliorated symptoms resulting from inflammasome activation in mouse models. Thus, we suggest ideal immune modulators targeting inflammasomes in order to enhance cytokine production while inhibiting cytokine maturation.展开更多
Objective:To assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of honey from different geographical location on Gram negative organismes.Methods:Different concentrations(Undiluted honey,10%, 30%,50%and 70%wt/vol) of honey we...Objective:To assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of honey from different geographical location on Gram negative organismes.Methods:Different concentrations(Undiluted honey,10%, 30%,50%and 70%wt/vol) of honey were studied in vitro using Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes(S.pyogenes),briefly,two-fold dilutions of honey solutions were tested to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) against each type of microorganism,followed by more assays within a narrower dilution range to obtain more precise MIC values.MICs were determined by both visual inspection and spectrophotometric assay at 620 nm.These honey samples were compared with standard antibiotics like ampicillin,penicillin G,amoxicillin,gentamycin,tobramycin,erythromycin and chloramphenicol was determined by the disc diffusion method.Results:The diameter of zone of the inhibition(ZDI) of honey has various concentrations tested for the isolates ranged 0-46 mm for S.aureus,0-44 mm for S.pyogenes.While the MIC(%) ranged 12%-95%,25%-73%respectively.Conclusions:Algeria honey,in-vitro,possess antibacterial activity.展开更多
AIM: The current study was undertaken to assess anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Pistacia lentiscus fatty oil(PLFO) in rabbits following a hyperlipidemic diet. METHOD: Twenty healthy female(WNZ) rabbits were divided in...AIM: The current study was undertaken to assess anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Pistacia lentiscus fatty oil(PLFO) in rabbits following a hyperlipidemic diet. METHOD: Twenty healthy female(WNZ) rabbits were divided into four groups of five animals each:(a) normal control(NC group) receiving standard diet,(b) hyperlipidemic control(EY) group receiving standard diet and gavaged daily with egg yolk(10 mL),(c) hyperlipidemic + PLFO(EY + PLFO) group receiving as the EY group and treated daily with PLFO(2 mL/kg BW,(d) hyperlipidemic + simvastatin(EY + SVS) group receiving as the EY group and treated once daily with 2.5 mg/kg BW of simvastatin. At the end of the six-week experimental period, the lipidemic profiles of the different groups were investigated. RESULTS: In the EY group, the egg yolk resulted in a significant increase of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Both the EY + PLFO and EY + SVS groups, when compared to the EY group, showed a significant decrease of TC, TG, LDL-C, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. However, with respect to HDL-C the differences were not significant. The TGs were significantly lower(P < 0.001) in the simvastatin-treated group when compared to rabbits treated in the PLFO group. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that P. lentiscus fatty oil(PLFO) possesses anti-hyperlipidemic properties at least in reducing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides.展开更多
Background Genome editing has been considered as powerful tool in agricultural fields.However,genome editing progress in cattle has not been fast as in other mammal species,for some disadvantages including long gestat...Background Genome editing has been considered as powerful tool in agricultural fields.However,genome editing progress in cattle has not been fast as in other mammal species,for some disadvantages including long gestational periods,single pregnancy,and high raising cost.Furthermore,technically demanding methods such as microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)are needed for gene editing in cattle.In this point of view,electroporation in embryos has been risen as an alternative.Results First,editing efficiency of our electroporation methods were tested for embryos.Presence of mutation on embryo was confirmed by T7E1 assay.With first combination,mutation rates for MSTN and PRNP were 57.6%±13.7%and 54.6%±13.5%,respectively.In case of MSTN/BLG,mutation rates were 83.9%±23.6%for MSTN,84.5%±18.0%for BLG.Afterwards,the double-KO embryos were transferred to surrogates and mutation rate was identified in resultant calves by targeted deep sequencing.Thirteen recipients were transferred for MSTN/PRNP,4 calves were delivered,and one calf underwent an induction for double KO.Ten surrogates were given double-KO embryos for MSTN/BLG,and four of the six calves that were born had mutations in both genes.Conclusions These data demonstrated that production of genome edited cattle via electroporation of RNP could be effectively applied.Finally,MSTN and PRNP from beef cattle and MSTN and BLG from dairy cattle have been born and they will be valuable resources for future precision breeding.展开更多
AIM: To test whether intra-articular injection of porcine adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) can treat canine osteoarthritis(OA).METHODS: To enroll in this study dogs must have stifle joint OA that had lasted ≥ 3 mo a...AIM: To test whether intra-articular injection of porcine adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) can treat canine osteoarthritis(OA).METHODS: To enroll in this study dogs must have stifle joint OA that had lasted ≥ 3 mo and been treated with OA medication without significant improvement. Three dogs fulfilled these criteria and were thus subjects for ADSCs treatment. ADSCs were isolated from abdominal adipose tissue of a 2-mo-old female Yorkshire pig. Their stem cell marker expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining. For treatment, 5 million ADSCs were injected into the diseased joint of each dog. In the next 48 h, the patient was observed for signs of inflammatory and allergic reactions. Thepatient was then discharged to the owner and, at 2, 6, and 12 wk, followed up with orthopedic assessment, owner questionnaire, X-ray imaging, and force-plate gait analysis.RESULTS: Porcine ADSCs expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers CD90 and CD105. Injection of porcine ADSCs into canine stifle joints did not cause any inflammatory or allergic reactions. Orthopedic evaluation found improvements in two dogs, particularly at the longest time point. Owners' evaluation found increased capacity and decreased pain in all three dogs' activities such as walking and running. Radiographic evaluation did not find statistically significant differences before and after treatment. Force-plate analysis found significant improvements in all three dogs after treatment.CONCLUSION: Xenotransplantation of ADSCs for the treatment of OA is feasible. Further studies are needed to validate this novel treatment modality, which can then be implemented for the routine treatment of OA in veterinary medicine.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the energetic profile of fetal fluids and to make comparisons of the concentrations of the constituents present with those in the maternal plasma.Methods: A study was conducted in 102 gravid she...Objective: To evaluate the energetic profile of fetal fluids and to make comparisons of the concentrations of the constituents present with those in the maternal plasma.Methods: A study was conducted in 102 gravid sheep uteri. The four stages of gestation as Stage I(0–60 days), Stage II(61–90 days), Stage III(91–120 days) and Stage IV(121–145 days) were identified based on the crown anus length of the embryo/fetus. The amniotic and allantoic fluids collected from the gravid uteri of each group were subjected to biochemical analysis of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride.Results: The levels of glucose and triglyceride in maternal plasma were lower(P < 0.05)on late pregnancy as well as in amniotic and allantoic fluids. No significant variation(P > 0.05) of plasma cholesterol levels was detected between the sampling periods.Contrariwise, cholesterol concentrations of fetal fluids were higher in Stages III and IV of pregnancy when compared with the Stages I and II.Conclusions: The influence of pregnancy on the biochemical composition of fetal fluids was statistically significant.展开更多
Objective:To summarize medicinal plants used in the treatment of couple fertility disorders.Methods:An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted with 30 traditional healers from some localities of Skikda region in eas...Objective:To summarize medicinal plants used in the treatment of couple fertility disorders.Methods:An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted with 30 traditional healers from some localities of Skikda region in eastern Algeria.A standard questionnaire was used in the interview which focused mainly:the treated fertility disorders,the used medicinal plants species,parts used,and preparation methods.The relative frequency of citation and percentages of infertility troubles were calculated and analyzed.Results:The most important treated disorders in men were dysfunction of libido(44.22%),low sperm concentration and motility(25.33%),low semen volume(17.67%)and prostate disorders(5.66%).Women were treated mainly for menstruation disorders(35.32%),breast problems(29.53%)and sexual asthenia(25.82%).The survey identified 28 plant species belonging to 15 families,used by different ethnic groups,particularly women(58.00%),to address different fertility disorders.Three plant families were largely used viz Lamiaceae,Asteraceae,and Apiaceae.In term of relative frequency citation,ten dominated plant species were:Zingiber officinalis L.(0.96),Nigella sativa L.(0.83),Lepidium sativum L.(0.80),Capsicum annuum L.(0.60),Cuminum cyminum L.(0.56),Origanum vulgare L.(0.55),Allium sativum L.(0.50),Petroselinum sativum L.(0.43),Salvia officinalis L.(0.42),and Foeniculum vulgare L.(0.40).A number of investigated plants were scientifically confirmed by phytochemical and pharmacological studies to have one or more significant effects on couple fertility.However,much controversy was found in literature concerning the efficacy of some cited plants.Conclusions:The study highlights the important use of medicinal plants in management of couple infertility in eastern Algeria.More experimental studies are recommended to confirm or to refute these traditional uses and to ascertain the safety of these medicinal plants to consumers.展开更多
Environmental pollution,such as water contamination,is a critical issue that must be absolutely addressed.Here,three different morphologies of tungsten-based photocatalysts(WO_(3)nanorods,WO_(3)/WS_(2)nanobricks,WO_(3...Environmental pollution,such as water contamination,is a critical issue that must be absolutely addressed.Here,three different morphologies of tungsten-based photocatalysts(WO_(3)nanorods,WO_(3)/WS_(2)nanobricks,WO_(3)/WS_(2)nanorods)are made using a simple hydrothermal method by changing the solvents(H_(2)O,DMF,aqueous HCl solution).The as-prepared nanocatalysts have excellent thermal stability,large porosity,and high hydrophilicity.The results show all materials have good photocatalytic activity in aqueous media,with WO_(3)/WS_(2)nanorods(NRs)having the best activity in the photodegradation of bisphenol A(BPA)under visible-light irradiation.This may originate from increased migration of charge carriers and effective prevention of electron–hole recombination in WO_(3)/WS_(2)NRs,whereby this photocatalyst is able to generate more reactive·OH and·O_(2)^(–)species,leading to greater photocatalytic activity.About 99.6% of BPA is photodegraded within 60 min when using 1.5 g/L WO_(3)/WS_(2)NRs and 5.0 mg/L BPA at pH 7.0.Additionally,the optimal conditions(pH,catalyst dosage,initial BPA concentration)for WO_(3)/WS_(2)NRs are also elaborately investigated.These rod-like heterostructures are expressed as potential catalysts with excellent photostability,efficient reusability,and highly active effectivity in different types of water.In particular,the removal efficiency of BPA by WO_(3)/WS_(2)NRs reduces by only 1.5% after five recycling runs and even reaches 89.1%in contaminated lake water.This study provides promising insights for the nearly complete removal of BPA from wastewater or different water resources,which is advantageous to various applications in environmental remediation.展开更多
Contrary to the countries of northern coast, the forest formations on Southern and East coast of the Mediterranean are in regression. With the combined action of the ax, fire and pasture, these ecosystems are subjecte...Contrary to the countries of northern coast, the forest formations on Southern and East coast of the Mediterranean are in regression. With the combined action of the ax, fire and pasture, these ecosystems are subjected to a pressure of permanent degradation. Indeed, the degradation of the forest ecosystems represents one of the most important causes of reduction and erosion of the biodiversity in the world. The massif of Aur6s is located in the North-East of Algeria. The analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of this vulnerable vegetation is not approached yet. This study proposes a focus on the analysis of the dynamics of this vegetation and to study the factors of its degradation. For that, a methodological approach of diachronic follow-up between two dates was adopted by using any kind of old information sources （archives, aerial photographs, topographic maps） and recent （Images satellite of American Landsat and data of land）. The results reveal a degradation of vegetable cover thus expressing a very thorough reduction of the formations forest replaced by herbaceous formations very sensitive and threatened by the overgrazing.展开更多
Living fishery resources, although rich and important for human populations, are subject to strong anthropization, thus causing a change in the environmental parameters of aquatic ecosystems. These multiple combined p...Living fishery resources, although rich and important for human populations, are subject to strong anthropization, thus causing a change in the environmental parameters of aquatic ecosystems. These multiple combined pressures: chemical, hydro-morphological, thermal or trophic, affect and disrupt the functioning of aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the main human pressures influencing the surface water resources of the Kamsar sub-prefecture, in order to propose mitigation measures. The following methodological approach was adopted: 1) Survey of managers and analysis records;2) Survey of stakeholders;3) Assessment of the effect of human activities on surface water resources;4) Data processing;5) Corrective measures. The survey farmers working near aquatic environments, revealed a low use of chemical substances, in particular 3 to 11 kg of fertilizer and 0 to 3 boxes of herbicide on fields of 40 m2 to 2 ha. Some physico-chemical parameters have been determined: Temperature (28.5˚C, 23.7˚C, 22.8˚C, 21.3˚C, 21.6˚C), Salinity (26.9‰, 21.9‰, 21.5‰, 15‰, 15.3‰) and Turbidity (21.3 UTN, 19.3 UTN, 17.8 UTN, 16.7 UTN, 17 UTN). These values show a fluctuation in the environmental parameters of aquatic ecosystems, which constitutes an obstacle to the development and survival of the resources.展开更多
The Milo River,the main tributary of the Niger River,is a vital resource for the urban commune of Kankan.However,it is subject to increasing pressure from human activities,exacerbated by the effects of climate variabi...The Milo River,the main tributary of the Niger River,is a vital resource for the urban commune of Kankan.However,it is subject to increasing pressure from human activities,exacerbated by the effects of climate variability(rainfall,drought,and bank erosion).This study aims to analyze the effects of anthropogenic factors on the hydrological regime and environmental quality of the Milo River.A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used,including satellite data analysis,field observations,fish sampling,and socio-environmental surveys conducted with riverside communities(fishermen,farmers,brickmakers,and sand miners).The study’s results confirm a considerable drop in the water level in the Milo Riverbed,leading to a depletion of fish stocks.Agriculture,clay extraction from the riverbanks,sand quarrying,and brickmaking are the main human activities that negatively impact the river.Several fish species(Malapterurus electricus,Brycinus longipinnis,Parachanna obscura,and Polypterus senegalus)have been driven to extinction.Flow rate monitoring showed that during the rainy season,the average flow rate is 19.28 m³/s at station 1 and 11.83 m³/s at station 2,while during the dry season,the average flow rate is 4.88 m³/s at station 1 and 0.88 m³/s at station 2.The increase in human activities,combined with the effects of climate change,is intensifying the pressure on the Milo River.This situation manifests itself through a disruption of the hydrological regime,a degradation of water quality,and an impact on aquatic ecosystems.It becomes imperative to implement integrated and sustainable water resource management policies involving riparian communities.展开更多
AIM: To transfer human HGF gene into the liver of rats by direct electroporation as a means to prevent radiationinduced liver damage.METHODS: Rat whole liver irradiation model was accomplished by intra-operative appro...AIM: To transfer human HGF gene into the liver of rats by direct electroporation as a means to prevent radiationinduced liver damage.METHODS: Rat whole liver irradiation model was accomplished by intra-operative approach. HGF plasmid was injected into liver and transferred by electroporation using a pulse generator. Control rats (n = 8) received electrogene therapy (EGT) vehicle plasmid and another 8rats received HGF-EGT 100 μg 48 h before WLIR.Expression of HGF in liver was examined by RT-PCR and ELISA methods. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay. Histopathology was evaluated 10 wk after whole liver irradiation.RESULTS: Marked decrease of apoptotic cells and downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)mRNA were observed in the HGF-EGT group 2 d after liver irradiation compared to control animals. Less evidence of radiation-induced liver damage was observed morphologically in liver specimen 10 wk after liver irradiation and longer median survival time was observed from HGF-EGT group (14 wk) compared to control rats (5 wk). (P = 0.031).CONCLUSION: For the first time it has been demonstrated that HGF-EGT would prevent liver from radiation-induced liver damage by preventing apoptosis and down-regulation of TGF-β1.展开更多
Recent evidence exists that glucose transporter 3（GLUT3） plays an important role in the energy metabolism in the brain.Most previous studies have been conducted using focal or hypoxic ischemia models and have focuse...Recent evidence exists that glucose transporter 3（GLUT3） plays an important role in the energy metabolism in the brain.Most previous studies have been conducted using focal or hypoxic ischemia models and have focused on changes in GLUT3 expression based on protein and m RNA levels rather than tissue levels.In the present study,we observed change in GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the adult gerbil hippocampus at various time points after 5 minutes of transient forebrain ischemia.In the sham-operated group,GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA1 region was weak,in the pyramidal cells of the CA1 region increased in a time-dependent fashion 24 hours after ischemia,and in the hippocampal CA1 region decreased significantly between 2 and 5 days after ischemia,with high level of GLUT3 immunoreactivity observed in the CA1 region 10 days after ischemia.In a double immunofluorescence study using GLUT3 and glial-fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP）,we observed strong GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the astrocytes.GLUT3 immunoreactivity increased after ischemia and peaked 7 days in the dentate gyrus after ischemia/reperfusion.In a double immunofluorescence study using GLUT3 and doublecortin（DCX）,we observed low level of GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the differentiated neuroblasts of the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus after ischemia.GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the sham-operated group was mainly detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus.These results suggest that the increase in GLUT3 immunoreactivity may be a compensatory mechanism to modulate glucose level in the hippocampal CA1 region and to promote adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.展开更多
Beta-nerve growth factor(β-NGF) is known to be a major leading cause of neuronal plasticity. To identify the possible action mechanisms of β-NGF gene therapy for sciatic nerve recovery, experimental dogs were random...Beta-nerve growth factor(β-NGF) is known to be a major leading cause of neuronal plasticity. To identify the possible action mechanisms of β-NGF gene therapy for sciatic nerve recovery, experimental dogs were randomly divided into control, pyridoxine, and pyridoxine + β-NGF groups. We observed chronological changes of morphology in the dorsal root ganglia in response to pyridoxine toxicity based on cresyl violet staining. The number of large neurons positive for cresyl violet was dramatically decreased after pyridoxine intoxication for 7 days in the dorsal root ganglia and the neuron number was gradually increased after pyridoxine withdrawal. In addition, we also investigated the effects of β-NGF gene therapy on neuronal plasticity in pyridoxine-induced neuropathic dogs. To accomplish this, tyrosine kinase receptor A(TrkA), βIII-tubulin and doublecortin(DCX) immunohistochemical staining was performed at 3 days after the last pyridoxine treatment. TrkA-immunoreactive neurons were dramatically decreased in the pyridoxine group compared to the control group, but strong TrkA immunoreactivity was observed in the small-sized dorsal root ganglia in this group. TrkA immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglia was similar between β-NGF and control groups. The numbers of βIII-tubulin-and DCX-immunoreactive cells decreased significantly in the pyridoxine group compared to the control group. However, the reduction of βIII-tubulin-and DCX-immunoreactive cells in the dorsal root ganglia in the β-NGF group was significantly ameliorated than that in the pyridoxine group. These results indicate that β-NGF gene therapy is a powerful treatment of pyridoxine-induced neuropathic damage by increasing the TrkA and DCX levels in the dorsal root ganglia. The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC) of Seoul National University, South Korea(approval No. SNU-060623-1, SNU-091009-1) on June 23, 2006 and October 9, 2009, respectively.展开更多
文摘Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems.For example,overexploitation of natural resources,mining,pollution,and deforestation are all elements that negatively affect biodiversity and natural resources.Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the damage caused,despite the significant uncontrolled pressure from human activity.However,maintaining its environment is essential to the survival of coastal fishing.Goal:This study’s goal was to evaluate how human activity affected Tabounsou’s coastal ecology in order to suggest remedial actions for sustainable management.The following was the methodological approach used:executive consultation and archival analysis;stakeholder survey(locals,farmers,salt producers,fishers,and loggers);inventory of species;anthropogenic activity inventory;evaluation of how human activity affects aquatic life in the research region;suggestion and action for sustainable management;Outcome:Executive consultation indicated that the main issues are:construction projects that reduce the estuary’s surface area;agricultural practices such as woodcutting and salt farming;the rise in resource exploitation;noncompliance with fisheries laws;and the catching of young fish.Eighty-three percent of fisherman ditch their nets on the coast after using them,but only seventeen percent burn them.With a 75%frequency rate,the same survey indicates that most fisherman fish around the coast.In the Tabounsou area,according to loggers’survey,68%of the wood cut is Rhizophora,24%is Avicennia,and 8%is Laguncularia.Three fish stocks,representing nine families and nine species,were identified by the species inventory.At 18%and 15%,respectively,the actors most frequently capture the species Pseudotolithus elongatus and Arius parkii.According to a poll of 30 farmers,90%of them apply fertilizer to their soil,while only 10%do not.During the dry season,salt is grown.According to two actors,Bougna Toro Toro produces 100 kg of salt per day,followed by Khoumawadé,which produces 80 kg,and Toumbibougni,which produces 70 kg.
文摘This work’s goal was to compile a list of fishing-related violations in order to suggest ways to enhance the surveillance system.In order to accomplish this goal,the following approach was used:Executive consultation and archive exploitation;surveillance agent survey;surveillance system identification and description;identification of offenses and fleet involved in the Guinean exclusive and economic area in recent years;identification and categorization of offense causes;surveillance system evaluation;and suggestion for enhanced surveillance system measures.Monitoring of this strategy showed that:fishing operating zones,administrative paperwork,and fishing gear are all linked to the infractions committed in the Guinean exclusive and economic zone.Records show that there were 308 boardings between 2006 and 2021.IP(Intellectual Property)infringement rates are 59%,Motorized Artisanal Fishing is 25%,and Semi-industrial fishing is 16%.In Motorized Artisanal Fishing,the Guineans have committed 33,the Senegalese have committed 23,and the Leonese have committed 18.In Semi-industrial fishing,the Chinese have committed 17 and the Senegalese have committed 16.According to the stakeholder survey,Vessal Monitoring System monitored 79 vessels in industrial fishing and 49 in Semi-industrial fishing in 2021.Registration certificates,personnel,rescue gear,gross tonnage,coastal state fishing authority,and maritime radio license are typically the primary documents examined at sea.From 2006 to 2022,a total of 135 fleets-80 demersal trawlers,7 cephalopod boats,21 shrimp boats,22 pelagic trawlers,and 5 cargo ships-were implicated in violations in the Guinean exclusive and economic area.By integrating the automatic identification system and Vessal Monitoring systems for fisheries surveillance,establishing a marking system for fishing gear,investing in highly effective launches,and protecting the privacy of patrol activities,Guinea’s surveillance system might be improved more effectively.
基金supported by the director of Indian Council of Agricultural Research and International Rice Research Institute (ICAR-CRRI), Cuttack, Indiathe coordinator of the ICAR-sponsored project ‘C-reactive protein (CRP) in Biofortification in Selected Crops’, India
文摘CR Dhan 310(CRD310),a biofortified rice variety,contains a significantly higher level of grain protein compared with its recurrent parent Naveen(NV),as well as most adapted high-yielding rice varieties in India.Although a limited investigation depicted that CRD310 contained higher levels of glutelin and some essential amino acids,detailed biochemical,molecular,and cellular mechanisms remain to be studied.As one of the means to identify the proteins and understand the underlying mechanism of higher proteins accumulation in grains of CRD310,the comparative proteomics was undertaken on grains of CRD310 and NV at the yellow ripening stage.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2017R1A2B3004972)IPET(No.109023–05-5-CG000)The BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research
文摘The production of transgenic farm animals(e.g., cattle) via genome engineering for the gain or loss of gene functions is an important undertaking. In the initial stages of genome engineering, DNA micro-injection into one-cell stage embryos(zygotes) followed by embryo transfer into a recipient was performed because of the ease of the procedure.However, as this approach resulted in severe mosaicism and has a low efficiency, it is not typically employed in the cattle as priority, unlike in mice. To overcome the above issue with micro-injection in cattle, somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) was introduced and successfully used to produce cloned livestock. The application of SCNT for the production of transgenic livestock represents a significant advancement, but its development speed is relatively slow because of abnormal reprogramming and low gene targeting efficiency. Recent genome editing technologies(e.g.,ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR-Cas9) have been rapidly adapted for applications in cattle and great results have been achieved in several fields such as disease models and bioreactors. In the future, genome engineering technologies wil accelerate our understanding of genetic traits in bovine and wil be readily adapted for bio-medical applications in cattle.
基金supported by project CNEPRU,Institute of Veterinary Sciences(IVS),University Ibn-Khaldoun(TIARET),Algeria(grant No.F023 2009/0009)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antifungal activity of four honeys of different types from Algeria against pathogenic yeast i.e.Candida albicans(C.albicans) and Rhoddtorula sp.Methods:Four Algeria honeys of different botanical origin were analvzed to test anlilungal effect against C.albicans,and Rhodotorula sp.Different concentrations(undiluted,10%,30%,50%and 70%w/v) of honey were studied in vitro for their antifugal aclivity using C.albicans and Rhodotorula sp.as fungal strains.Results:The range of the c liameter of zone of inhibition of various concentrations ol tested honeys was(7-23 mm) for Rhodotorula sp.,while C.albicans showed clearly resistance towards all concentrations used.The MICs of tested honey concentrations against C.albicans and Rhodotorula sp.were(70.09-93.48)%and(4.90-99.70)%v/v,respectively.Conclusions:This study demonstrales that,in vitro,these natural products have clearly an antifungal activity against Rhodotorula sp.and C.albicans.
基金financially supported by project CNEPRU,Institute of Veterinary Sciences.University Ibn-Khaldoun(TIARET).Algeria(grant No.F0232009/0009)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the additive action of ginger starch on the antifungal activity of honey against Candida albicans(C.albicans).Methods:C.albicans was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of four varieties of Algerian honey.Lower concentrations of honey than the MIC were incubated with a set of concentrations of starch and then added to media to detennine the minimum additive inhibitory concentration(MAIC).Results:The MIC for the four varieties of honey without starch against C.albicans ranged between 38%and 42%(v/v).When starch was incubated with honey and then added to media,a MIC drop was noticed with each variety.MAIC of the four varieties ranged between 32%honey(v/v)with 4%starch and 36%honey(v/v) with 2%starch.Conclusions:The use of ginger starch allows honey benefit and will constitute an alternative way against the resistance to antifungal agents.
基金supported by 2015 Research Grant from Kangwon National University(No.520150280)
文摘Inflammatory responses are essential in eliminating harmful substrates from damaged tissue and inducing recovery.Several cytokines participate in and facilitate this response. Certain cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 are initially produced in precursor form in response to toll-like receptor(TLR) ligands and undergo maturation by inflammasomes, which are cytosolic multi-protein complexes containing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-containing protein 2-like receptors(NLRs). Immune modulators targeting inflammasomes have been investigated to control inflammatory diseases such as metabolic syndrome. However, most immune modulators possessing anti-inflammasome properties attenuate production of other cytokines, which are essential for host defense. In this review, we analyzed the effect of anti-inflammasome agents on the production of cytokines which are not regulated by inflammasome and involving in initial immune responses. As a result, the infiammasome inhibitors are put into three categories: non-effector, stimulator, or inhibitor of cytokine production. Even the stimulator of cytokine production ameliorated symptoms resulting from inflammasome activation in mouse models. Thus, we suggest ideal immune modulators targeting inflammasomes in order to enhance cytokine production while inhibiting cytokine maturation.
文摘Objective:To assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of honey from different geographical location on Gram negative organismes.Methods:Different concentrations(Undiluted honey,10%, 30%,50%and 70%wt/vol) of honey were studied in vitro using Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes(S.pyogenes),briefly,two-fold dilutions of honey solutions were tested to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) against each type of microorganism,followed by more assays within a narrower dilution range to obtain more precise MIC values.MICs were determined by both visual inspection and spectrophotometric assay at 620 nm.These honey samples were compared with standard antibiotics like ampicillin,penicillin G,amoxicillin,gentamycin,tobramycin,erythromycin and chloramphenicol was determined by the disc diffusion method.Results:The diameter of zone of the inhibition(ZDI) of honey has various concentrations tested for the isolates ranged 0-46 mm for S.aureus,0-44 mm for S.pyogenes.While the MIC(%) ranged 12%-95%,25%-73%respectively.Conclusions:Algeria honey,in-vitro,possess antibacterial activity.
文摘AIM: The current study was undertaken to assess anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Pistacia lentiscus fatty oil(PLFO) in rabbits following a hyperlipidemic diet. METHOD: Twenty healthy female(WNZ) rabbits were divided into four groups of five animals each:(a) normal control(NC group) receiving standard diet,(b) hyperlipidemic control(EY) group receiving standard diet and gavaged daily with egg yolk(10 mL),(c) hyperlipidemic + PLFO(EY + PLFO) group receiving as the EY group and treated daily with PLFO(2 mL/kg BW,(d) hyperlipidemic + simvastatin(EY + SVS) group receiving as the EY group and treated once daily with 2.5 mg/kg BW of simvastatin. At the end of the six-week experimental period, the lipidemic profiles of the different groups were investigated. RESULTS: In the EY group, the egg yolk resulted in a significant increase of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Both the EY + PLFO and EY + SVS groups, when compared to the EY group, showed a significant decrease of TC, TG, LDL-C, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. However, with respect to HDL-C the differences were not significant. The TGs were significantly lower(P < 0.001) in the simvastatin-treated group when compared to rabbits treated in the PLFO group. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that P. lentiscus fatty oil(PLFO) possesses anti-hyperlipidemic properties at least in reducing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides.
基金financially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2021R1A5A1033157 for SRC program:382 Comparative medicine Disease Research Center,NRF-2021R1F1A105195313)the Research Institute of Veterinary Science,the BK21 Four for Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center,and a Seoul National University(SNU)grant(#550e2020005)。
文摘Background Genome editing has been considered as powerful tool in agricultural fields.However,genome editing progress in cattle has not been fast as in other mammal species,for some disadvantages including long gestational periods,single pregnancy,and high raising cost.Furthermore,technically demanding methods such as microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)are needed for gene editing in cattle.In this point of view,electroporation in embryos has been risen as an alternative.Results First,editing efficiency of our electroporation methods were tested for embryos.Presence of mutation on embryo was confirmed by T7E1 assay.With first combination,mutation rates for MSTN and PRNP were 57.6%±13.7%and 54.6%±13.5%,respectively.In case of MSTN/BLG,mutation rates were 83.9%±23.6%for MSTN,84.5%±18.0%for BLG.Afterwards,the double-KO embryos were transferred to surrogates and mutation rate was identified in resultant calves by targeted deep sequencing.Thirteen recipients were transferred for MSTN/PRNP,4 calves were delivered,and one calf underwent an induction for double KO.Ten surrogates were given double-KO embryos for MSTN/BLG,and four of the six calves that were born had mutations in both genes.Conclusions These data demonstrated that production of genome edited cattle via electroporation of RNP could be effectively applied.Finally,MSTN and PRNP from beef cattle and MSTN and BLG from dairy cattle have been born and they will be valuable resources for future precision breeding.
文摘AIM: To test whether intra-articular injection of porcine adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) can treat canine osteoarthritis(OA).METHODS: To enroll in this study dogs must have stifle joint OA that had lasted ≥ 3 mo and been treated with OA medication without significant improvement. Three dogs fulfilled these criteria and were thus subjects for ADSCs treatment. ADSCs were isolated from abdominal adipose tissue of a 2-mo-old female Yorkshire pig. Their stem cell marker expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining. For treatment, 5 million ADSCs were injected into the diseased joint of each dog. In the next 48 h, the patient was observed for signs of inflammatory and allergic reactions. Thepatient was then discharged to the owner and, at 2, 6, and 12 wk, followed up with orthopedic assessment, owner questionnaire, X-ray imaging, and force-plate gait analysis.RESULTS: Porcine ADSCs expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers CD90 and CD105. Injection of porcine ADSCs into canine stifle joints did not cause any inflammatory or allergic reactions. Orthopedic evaluation found improvements in two dogs, particularly at the longest time point. Owners' evaluation found increased capacity and decreased pain in all three dogs' activities such as walking and running. Radiographic evaluation did not find statistically significant differences before and after treatment. Force-plate analysis found significant improvements in all three dogs after treatment.CONCLUSION: Xenotransplantation of ADSCs for the treatment of OA is feasible. Further studies are needed to validate this novel treatment modality, which can then be implemented for the routine treatment of OA in veterinary medicine.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the energetic profile of fetal fluids and to make comparisons of the concentrations of the constituents present with those in the maternal plasma.Methods: A study was conducted in 102 gravid sheep uteri. The four stages of gestation as Stage I(0–60 days), Stage II(61–90 days), Stage III(91–120 days) and Stage IV(121–145 days) were identified based on the crown anus length of the embryo/fetus. The amniotic and allantoic fluids collected from the gravid uteri of each group were subjected to biochemical analysis of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride.Results: The levels of glucose and triglyceride in maternal plasma were lower(P < 0.05)on late pregnancy as well as in amniotic and allantoic fluids. No significant variation(P > 0.05) of plasma cholesterol levels was detected between the sampling periods.Contrariwise, cholesterol concentrations of fetal fluids were higher in Stages III and IV of pregnancy when compared with the Stages I and II.Conclusions: The influence of pregnancy on the biochemical composition of fetal fluids was statistically significant.
基金supported by Algerian DGRSDT“Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Développement Technologique”(Project number:D00L05UN250120190003).
文摘Objective:To summarize medicinal plants used in the treatment of couple fertility disorders.Methods:An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted with 30 traditional healers from some localities of Skikda region in eastern Algeria.A standard questionnaire was used in the interview which focused mainly:the treated fertility disorders,the used medicinal plants species,parts used,and preparation methods.The relative frequency of citation and percentages of infertility troubles were calculated and analyzed.Results:The most important treated disorders in men were dysfunction of libido(44.22%),low sperm concentration and motility(25.33%),low semen volume(17.67%)and prostate disorders(5.66%).Women were treated mainly for menstruation disorders(35.32%),breast problems(29.53%)and sexual asthenia(25.82%).The survey identified 28 plant species belonging to 15 families,used by different ethnic groups,particularly women(58.00%),to address different fertility disorders.Three plant families were largely used viz Lamiaceae,Asteraceae,and Apiaceae.In term of relative frequency citation,ten dominated plant species were:Zingiber officinalis L.(0.96),Nigella sativa L.(0.83),Lepidium sativum L.(0.80),Capsicum annuum L.(0.60),Cuminum cyminum L.(0.56),Origanum vulgare L.(0.55),Allium sativum L.(0.50),Petroselinum sativum L.(0.43),Salvia officinalis L.(0.42),and Foeniculum vulgare L.(0.40).A number of investigated plants were scientifically confirmed by phytochemical and pharmacological studies to have one or more significant effects on couple fertility.However,much controversy was found in literature concerning the efficacy of some cited plants.Conclusions:The study highlights the important use of medicinal plants in management of couple infertility in eastern Algeria.More experimental studies are recommended to confirm or to refute these traditional uses and to ascertain the safety of these medicinal plants to consumers.
基金The Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Grant No.NRF-2022R1A2C1012996)。
文摘Environmental pollution,such as water contamination,is a critical issue that must be absolutely addressed.Here,three different morphologies of tungsten-based photocatalysts(WO_(3)nanorods,WO_(3)/WS_(2)nanobricks,WO_(3)/WS_(2)nanorods)are made using a simple hydrothermal method by changing the solvents(H_(2)O,DMF,aqueous HCl solution).The as-prepared nanocatalysts have excellent thermal stability,large porosity,and high hydrophilicity.The results show all materials have good photocatalytic activity in aqueous media,with WO_(3)/WS_(2)nanorods(NRs)having the best activity in the photodegradation of bisphenol A(BPA)under visible-light irradiation.This may originate from increased migration of charge carriers and effective prevention of electron–hole recombination in WO_(3)/WS_(2)NRs,whereby this photocatalyst is able to generate more reactive·OH and·O_(2)^(–)species,leading to greater photocatalytic activity.About 99.6% of BPA is photodegraded within 60 min when using 1.5 g/L WO_(3)/WS_(2)NRs and 5.0 mg/L BPA at pH 7.0.Additionally,the optimal conditions(pH,catalyst dosage,initial BPA concentration)for WO_(3)/WS_(2)NRs are also elaborately investigated.These rod-like heterostructures are expressed as potential catalysts with excellent photostability,efficient reusability,and highly active effectivity in different types of water.In particular,the removal efficiency of BPA by WO_(3)/WS_(2)NRs reduces by only 1.5% after five recycling runs and even reaches 89.1%in contaminated lake water.This study provides promising insights for the nearly complete removal of BPA from wastewater or different water resources,which is advantageous to various applications in environmental remediation.
文摘Contrary to the countries of northern coast, the forest formations on Southern and East coast of the Mediterranean are in regression. With the combined action of the ax, fire and pasture, these ecosystems are subjected to a pressure of permanent degradation. Indeed, the degradation of the forest ecosystems represents one of the most important causes of reduction and erosion of the biodiversity in the world. The massif of Aur6s is located in the North-East of Algeria. The analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of this vulnerable vegetation is not approached yet. This study proposes a focus on the analysis of the dynamics of this vegetation and to study the factors of its degradation. For that, a methodological approach of diachronic follow-up between two dates was adopted by using any kind of old information sources （archives, aerial photographs, topographic maps） and recent （Images satellite of American Landsat and data of land）. The results reveal a degradation of vegetable cover thus expressing a very thorough reduction of the formations forest replaced by herbaceous formations very sensitive and threatened by the overgrazing.
文摘Living fishery resources, although rich and important for human populations, are subject to strong anthropization, thus causing a change in the environmental parameters of aquatic ecosystems. These multiple combined pressures: chemical, hydro-morphological, thermal or trophic, affect and disrupt the functioning of aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the main human pressures influencing the surface water resources of the Kamsar sub-prefecture, in order to propose mitigation measures. The following methodological approach was adopted: 1) Survey of managers and analysis records;2) Survey of stakeholders;3) Assessment of the effect of human activities on surface water resources;4) Data processing;5) Corrective measures. The survey farmers working near aquatic environments, revealed a low use of chemical substances, in particular 3 to 11 kg of fertilizer and 0 to 3 boxes of herbicide on fields of 40 m2 to 2 ha. Some physico-chemical parameters have been determined: Temperature (28.5˚C, 23.7˚C, 22.8˚C, 21.3˚C, 21.6˚C), Salinity (26.9‰, 21.9‰, 21.5‰, 15‰, 15.3‰) and Turbidity (21.3 UTN, 19.3 UTN, 17.8 UTN, 16.7 UTN, 17 UTN). These values show a fluctuation in the environmental parameters of aquatic ecosystems, which constitutes an obstacle to the development and survival of the resources.
文摘The Milo River,the main tributary of the Niger River,is a vital resource for the urban commune of Kankan.However,it is subject to increasing pressure from human activities,exacerbated by the effects of climate variability(rainfall,drought,and bank erosion).This study aims to analyze the effects of anthropogenic factors on the hydrological regime and environmental quality of the Milo River.A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used,including satellite data analysis,field observations,fish sampling,and socio-environmental surveys conducted with riverside communities(fishermen,farmers,brickmakers,and sand miners).The study’s results confirm a considerable drop in the water level in the Milo Riverbed,leading to a depletion of fish stocks.Agriculture,clay extraction from the riverbanks,sand quarrying,and brickmaking are the main human activities that negatively impact the river.Several fish species(Malapterurus electricus,Brycinus longipinnis,Parachanna obscura,and Polypterus senegalus)have been driven to extinction.Flow rate monitoring showed that during the rainy season,the average flow rate is 19.28 m³/s at station 1 and 11.83 m³/s at station 2,while during the dry season,the average flow rate is 4.88 m³/s at station 1 and 0.88 m³/s at station 2.The increase in human activities,combined with the effects of climate change,is intensifying the pressure on the Milo River.This situation manifests itself through a disruption of the hydrological regime,a degradation of water quality,and an impact on aquatic ecosystems.It becomes imperative to implement integrated and sustainable water resource management policies involving riparian communities.
基金Supported by National Science Council grant NSC-91-275-9075-001 for the development of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Hepatoma Treatment
文摘AIM: To transfer human HGF gene into the liver of rats by direct electroporation as a means to prevent radiationinduced liver damage.METHODS: Rat whole liver irradiation model was accomplished by intra-operative approach. HGF plasmid was injected into liver and transferred by electroporation using a pulse generator. Control rats (n = 8) received electrogene therapy (EGT) vehicle plasmid and another 8rats received HGF-EGT 100 μg 48 h before WLIR.Expression of HGF in liver was examined by RT-PCR and ELISA methods. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay. Histopathology was evaluated 10 wk after whole liver irradiation.RESULTS: Marked decrease of apoptotic cells and downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)mRNA were observed in the HGF-EGT group 2 d after liver irradiation compared to control animals. Less evidence of radiation-induced liver damage was observed morphologically in liver specimen 10 wk after liver irradiation and longer median survival time was observed from HGF-EGT group (14 wk) compared to control rats (5 wk). (P = 0.031).CONCLUSION: For the first time it has been demonstrated that HGF-EGT would prevent liver from radiation-induced liver damage by preventing apoptosis and down-regulation of TGF-β1.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-2013R1A1A2059364,NRF-2015R1D1A3A01020635)by 2013 Research Grant from Kangwon National Universitypartially supported by the Research Institute for Veterinary Science,Seoul National University
文摘Recent evidence exists that glucose transporter 3（GLUT3） plays an important role in the energy metabolism in the brain.Most previous studies have been conducted using focal or hypoxic ischemia models and have focused on changes in GLUT3 expression based on protein and m RNA levels rather than tissue levels.In the present study,we observed change in GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the adult gerbil hippocampus at various time points after 5 minutes of transient forebrain ischemia.In the sham-operated group,GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA1 region was weak,in the pyramidal cells of the CA1 region increased in a time-dependent fashion 24 hours after ischemia,and in the hippocampal CA1 region decreased significantly between 2 and 5 days after ischemia,with high level of GLUT3 immunoreactivity observed in the CA1 region 10 days after ischemia.In a double immunofluorescence study using GLUT3 and glial-fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP）,we observed strong GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the astrocytes.GLUT3 immunoreactivity increased after ischemia and peaked 7 days in the dentate gyrus after ischemia/reperfusion.In a double immunofluorescence study using GLUT3 and doublecortin（DCX）,we observed low level of GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the differentiated neuroblasts of the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus after ischemia.GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the sham-operated group was mainly detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus.These results suggest that the increase in GLUT3 immunoreactivity may be a compensatory mechanism to modulate glucose level in the hippocampal CA1 region and to promote adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning(No.NRF-2017R1A1A1A05000762)Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development,Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea(No.PJ01395602 both to JYC)
文摘Beta-nerve growth factor(β-NGF) is known to be a major leading cause of neuronal plasticity. To identify the possible action mechanisms of β-NGF gene therapy for sciatic nerve recovery, experimental dogs were randomly divided into control, pyridoxine, and pyridoxine + β-NGF groups. We observed chronological changes of morphology in the dorsal root ganglia in response to pyridoxine toxicity based on cresyl violet staining. The number of large neurons positive for cresyl violet was dramatically decreased after pyridoxine intoxication for 7 days in the dorsal root ganglia and the neuron number was gradually increased after pyridoxine withdrawal. In addition, we also investigated the effects of β-NGF gene therapy on neuronal plasticity in pyridoxine-induced neuropathic dogs. To accomplish this, tyrosine kinase receptor A(TrkA), βIII-tubulin and doublecortin(DCX) immunohistochemical staining was performed at 3 days after the last pyridoxine treatment. TrkA-immunoreactive neurons were dramatically decreased in the pyridoxine group compared to the control group, but strong TrkA immunoreactivity was observed in the small-sized dorsal root ganglia in this group. TrkA immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglia was similar between β-NGF and control groups. The numbers of βIII-tubulin-and DCX-immunoreactive cells decreased significantly in the pyridoxine group compared to the control group. However, the reduction of βIII-tubulin-and DCX-immunoreactive cells in the dorsal root ganglia in the β-NGF group was significantly ameliorated than that in the pyridoxine group. These results indicate that β-NGF gene therapy is a powerful treatment of pyridoxine-induced neuropathic damage by increasing the TrkA and DCX levels in the dorsal root ganglia. The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC) of Seoul National University, South Korea(approval No. SNU-060623-1, SNU-091009-1) on June 23, 2006 and October 9, 2009, respectively.
