Background: The diagnosis of bacterium-negative pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) and extra-pulmonary TB is challenging clinically. The detection of the anti-TB antibody has an important, auxiliary, clinical diagnostic value...Background: The diagnosis of bacterium-negative pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) and extra-pulmonary TB is challenging clinically. The detection of the anti-TB antibody has an important, auxiliary, clinical diagnostic value. Therefore, TB antibody detection kits should be screened and evaluated, and the reagents with the highest sensitivity and specificity should be chosen and used clinically.Methods: The diagnostic performance of 7 commercially available TB antibody detection kits(kits A, B, C, D, E, F and G) based on the gold immunoassay detection of immunoglobulin(Ig) G or IgM antibodies were simultaneously evaluated and compared in 62 TB cases and 56 non-TB cases in a laboratory. A retrospective analysis including 2549 cases was carried out to assess the clinical diagnosis values of bacteriological examinations and TB antibody tests(kits B and H used in the clinic).Results: The sensitivities of TB antibody kits A, B, C, D, E, F and G in the sera from 62 TB patients were 50.0%, 83.9%, 38.7%, 9.7%, 48.4%, 69.4% and 79.0%, respectively; the sensitivities in the sera from 24 smear-negative TB patients were 29.2%, 79.2%, 29.2%, 12.5%, 29.2%, 54.2% and 79.2%, respectively; the specificities in the sera from 56 nonTB patients were 73.2%, 25.0%, 85.7%, 96.4%, 78.6%, 78.6% and 50.0%, respectively. Of the 2549 clinically diagnosed cases, there were 1752 pulmonary TB cases, 505 extra-pulmonary TB cases, 87 old pulmonary TB cases and 205 non-TB cases. The positive results for smear, culture, TB antibody kit B and kit H in pulmonary TB cases were 39.8%(543/1365), 48.6%(372/765), 45.8%(802/1752) and 25.2%(442/1752), respectively; the results in extra-pulmonary TB cases were 3.4%(6/178), 5.8%(4/69), 35.4%(179/505), and 11.3%(57/505), respectively; the results in old pulmonary TB cases were 0%(0/64), 0%(0/30), 32.2%(28/87), and 9.2%(8/87), respectively; and the results in non-TB cases were 0%(0/121), 0%(0/56), 21.5%(44/205), and 2.4%(5/205), respectively. Of 624 smear-positive and/or culture-positive pulmonary TB cases, the sensitivities of antibody test kits B and H were 53.0% and 36.4%, respectively. Of 901 smear-negative and/or culture-negative pulmonary TB cases, the sensitivities of antibody test kits B and H were 42.5% and 19.0%, respectively. The positive rate of antibody detection in the bacterium-positive pulmonary TB cases was significantly higher than that in the bacterium-negative pulmonary TB cases(P<0.05).Conclusion: The colloidal gold-labeled TB antibody IgG detection assay is a simple, rapid and economical method that provides a better clinical auxiliary diagnosis value on TB, especially in smear-negative pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB. The production, quality control, screening and evaluation of antibody detection kits are very important for its clinical application.展开更多
Objective To identify potential serum biomarkers for distinguishing between latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI） and active tuberculosis（TB）. Methods A proteome microarray containing 4,262 antigens was used for scr...Objective To identify potential serum biomarkers for distinguishing between latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI） and active tuberculosis（TB）. Methods A proteome microarray containing 4,262 antigens was used for screening serum biomarkers of 40 serum samples from patients with LTBI and active TB at the systems level. The interaction network and functional classification of differentially expressed antigens were analyzed using STRING 10.0 and the TB database, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays（ELISA） were used to validate candidate antigens further using 279 samples. The diagnostic performances of candidate antigens were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve（ROC） analysis. Both antigen combination and logistic regression analysis were used to improve diagnostic ability. Results Microarray results showed that levels of 152 Mycobacterium tuberculosis（Mtb）-antigenspecific IgG were significantly higher in active TB patients than in LTBI patients（P 〈 0.05）, and these differentially expressed antigens showed stronger associations with each other and were involved in various biological processes. Eleven candidate antigens were further validated using ELISA and showed consistent results in microarray analysis. ROC analysis showed that antigens Rv2031 c, Rv1408, and Rv2421 c had higher areas under the curve（AUCs） of 0.8520, 0.8152, and 0.7970, respectively. In addition, both antigen combination and logistic regression analysis improved the diagnostic ability. Conclusion Several antigens have the potential to serve as serum biomarkers for discrimination between LTBI and active TB.展开更多
The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multi...The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to determine the proportion of new TB patients who received standard doses of rifampicin in multiple provinces of China, and the relationship between low doses of rifampicin and frequency of rifampicin-resistance as well as treatment outcomes. A total of 713 new TB patients were treated with either once-daily dose of bulk anti-TB drugs (group I) or every other day combination blister packs of anti-TB drugs containing rifampicin (group II) at more than 30 TB treatment centers/hospitals in China. Treatment history, therapeutic doses of rifampicin, and information about patients were extracted from their medical records and analyzed, and rifampicin-resistance of isolates collected from patients following the treatment as well as treatment outcomes were compared between two treatment groups. Among 522 patients in treatment group I, 154 (29.5%) received standard and 363 (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin;238 (45.6%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 243 (46.6%) were successfully treated. Among 191 patients in treatment group II, 175 (91.6%) received standard and 15 (7.9%) received low doses of rifampicin;72 (37.7%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 105 (55%) were successfully treated. When patients who received low doses of rifampicin were compared to others within the same treatment group, increased rates for rifampicin-resistance and treatment failure were observed. Results from this study showed that most new TB patients in treatment group I (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin, and their treatment outcomes were worse than those in treatment group II, indicating that low doses of rifampicin used for the initial treatment of new TB patients were correlated to increased frequency of rifampicin-resistance and poorer treatment outcomes.展开更多
We evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis （EPTB） in China. The performance of Xpert was evaluated compared to the composite reference standard （CRS）, drug suscep...We evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis （EPTB） in China. The performance of Xpert was evaluated compared to the composite reference standard （CRS）, drug susceptibility testing （DST）, and imaging examination. The overall sensitivity and specificity of Xpert were 64.1% （195/304） and 100% （24/24）, respectively, using CRS as the gold standard. The sensitivity was significantly higher than that of culture for pus （P〈0.05）. The proportion of EPTB-positive cases diagnosed by imaging was two times more than that diagnosed using Xpert; however, 6 out of 19 cases may have been overdiagnosed by imaging.展开更多
The vitamin D receptor （VDR） gene is a primary candidate gene for tuberculosis susceptibility, but results of previous studies are somewhat contradictory and underpowered. Thus, it is essential to further explore th...The vitamin D receptor （VDR） gene is a primary candidate gene for tuberculosis susceptibility, but results of previous studies are somewhat contradictory and underpowered. Thus, it is essential to further explore the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis （PTB）. Methods： A systematic review and meta-analysis about the association between Fok[, TaqI, Apal and Bsm[ polymorphisms and PTB susceptibility was conducted. Statistical Package for Social Science （Version 13.0） and Review Manager （Version 4.2, The Cochrane Collaboration） were used to analyze the data reported in studies. Results： A total of 13 studies with 2 262 cases and 2 833 controls were involved in the FokI polymorphism, and the results showed FokI polymorphism was associated with PTB susceptibility （allele f vs F： OR=1.12, 95% CI=[1.02, 1.23]; the additive effect model ff vs FF： OR=1.40, 95%CI=[1.10, 1.77]; the recessive genetic model firs Ff＋FF： OR=1.39, 95%CI=[1.12, 1.71]）. No significant associations were observed between TaqI （15 studies with 3 031 cases and 3 132 controls）, ApaI （7 studies with 1 495 cases and 1 922 controls）, BsmI （6 studies with 919 cases and 1 250 controls） variants and PTB susceptibility. Conclusion： We found variant Fokl polymorphism of VDR gene may play a risky role in PTB development, and the genetic model was presumed to be recessive.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the prevalence of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria(NTM)among the samples deposited from the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory of Iran between 2011 and 2018.Methods:The study evaluated th...Objective:To investigate the prevalence of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria(NTM)among the samples deposited from the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory of Iran between 2011 and 2018.Methods:The study evaluated the prevalence of NTM among specimens from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms(n=15771)deposited at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory of Iran from 2011 to 2018.Detection of Mycobacterium(M.)tuberculosis was based on presence of a 190-bp amplicon from IS6110 insertion sequence using Tb1 and Tb2 primers,and amplicon-negative specimens were tested for NTM and M.tuberculosis(refractory to IS6110 amplification)using restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR of hsp65 amplicon fragment.Results:A total of 7307(46.33%)M.tuberculosis and 658(4.17%)NTM specimens were found,the latter mainly comprising M.abscessus(10.18%),M.avium(2.28%),M.chelonae(8.97%),M.intracellulare(10.49%),M.kansasii(4.71%),and M.simiae(56.08%).Conclusions:As treatment for NTM differs from that for M.tuberculosis,accurate detection of Mycobacterium sp.is of public health significance.展开更多
Objective We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis(TB)preventive treatment(TPT)among people with latent TB infection(LTBI)in China.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional stu...Objective We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis(TB)preventive treatment(TPT)among people with latent TB infection(LTBI)in China.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18,2023 to December 31,2023 across 10 counties in China.According to a national technical guide,we included healthcare workers,students,teachers,and others occupations aged 15-65 years as our research participants.Results Overall,17.0%(183/1,077)of participants accepted TPT.There were statistically significant differences in the acceptance rate of TPT among different sexes,ages,educational levels,and occupations(P<0.05).The main barriers to TPT acceptance were misconceptions that it had uncertain effects on prevention(57.8%,517/894),and concerns about side effects(32.7%,292/894).Conclusion An enhanced and comprehensive understanding of LTBI and TPT among people with LTBI is vital to further expand TPT in China.Moreover,targeted policies need to be developed to address barriers faced by different groups of people.展开更多
Background The epidemiological characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis （DR-TB） is fundamental to improving the prevention and control of DR-TB. Mutations in katG315 is thought to be the most predictive molecu...Background The epidemiological characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis （DR-TB） is fundamental to improving the prevention and control of DR-TB. Mutations in katG315 is thought to be the most predictive molecule markers for Isoniazid （INH） resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB）. However, mutations to these genes have not been thoroughly studied in China, and epidemiological evidence of their expression levels are especially lacking in the southwest of China, which has a high TB burden within the population. Methods MTB isolates were obtained from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the TB dispensary and Chest hospital in Chongqing city between June 2003 and June 2006. Proportion methods were used to test the sensitivity to INH, RFP, SM and EMB of cultured MTB. A total of 100 MTB isolates were also randomly selected for analysis of the molecular mutation spectrum of katG by DNA sequencing. Results Totally 1 089 MTB isolates that completed positive sputum cultures and evaluated for their sensitivity to the four first-line drugs among 2 777 patients with TB. The prevalence of DR-TB and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis （MDR-TB） were 27.7% （302/1 089） and 7.3% （79/1 089）, respectively. The resistance to anti-TB drugs was found to be highest for SM （16.3%） and INH （14.0%）. There was also a significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to RFP and EMB （P〈0.01）, and an increase in MDR-TB between June 2003 and June 2004 and between July 2005 and June 2006. The total mutation rate of katG315 was 75＂5% （37/49） in INH-resistant MTB, and mutation sites included $315T, $315N and $315I with mutation rates of 81.1% （30/37）, 13.5% （5/37） and 5.4% （2/37）, respectively No katG315 mutants were found in any of the 48 INH-sensitive MTB. Our preliminary diagnostic results suggest that mutations in katG315 may potentially serve as molecular markers that can be used to diagnose the resistance to anti-TB drug of INH. Conclusion In the Chongqing, DR-TB and MDR-TB are increasing, and are becoming key problems for tuberculosis control. The use of katG315 mutations as potential molecule markers for drug resistance to INH may help improve patient treatment and decrease the spread of the disease展开更多
Objective This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index(BMI)and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study.Methods A general population-based multicenter prospe...Objective This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index(BMI)and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study.Methods A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality.Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants.Results Overall,19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died.The underweight(<18.5 kg/m^(2))presented an increase in all-cause mortality(adjusted hazards ratio[aHR]=2.00,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.66–2.41),while overweight(≥24.0 to<28.0 kg/m^(2))and obesity(≥28.0 kg/m^(2))presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61(95%CI:0.52–0.73)and 0.51(95%CI:0.37–0.70),respectively.Overweight(aHR=0.76,95%CI:0.67–0.86)and mild obesity(aHR=0.72,95%CI:0.59–0.87)had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years.All-2 cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m(aHR=0.95,95%CI:0.92–0.98)and increased slightly above that value,indicating a U-shaped association.The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years.Therefore,it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.展开更多
This study was to assess quantitatively the accuracy of ^(18)F-FDG PET/CT images reconstructed by TOF+PSF and TOF only, considering the noise-matching concept to minimize probable bias in evaluating algorithm performa...This study was to assess quantitatively the accuracy of ^(18)F-FDG PET/CT images reconstructed by TOF+PSF and TOF only, considering the noise-matching concept to minimize probable bias in evaluating algorithm performance caused by noise. PET images of similar noise level were considered. Measurements were made on an inhouse phantom with hot inserts of Φ10–37 mm, and oncological images of 14 patients were analyzed. The PET images were reconstructed using the OSEM, OSEM+TOF and OSEM+TOF+PSF algorithms. Optimal reconstruction parameters including iteration, subset, and FWHM of post-smoothing filter were chosen for both the phantom and patient data. In terms of quantitative accuracy, the recovery coefficient(RC) was calculated for the phantom PET images. The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),lesion-to-background ratio(LBR), and SUV_(max)were evaluated from the phantom and clinical data. The smallest hot insert(Ф10 mm) with 2:1 activity concentration ratio could be detected in the PET image reconstructed using the TOF and TOF+PSF algorithms, but not the OSEM algorithm. The relative difference for SNR between the TOF+PSF and OSEM showed significantly higher values for smaller sizes, while SNR change was smaller for Ф22–37 mm inserts both 2:1 and 4:1 activity concentration ratio. In the clinical study, SNR gains were 1.6 ± 0.53 and 2.7 ± 0.74 for the TOF and TOF+PSF, while the relative difference of contrast was 17 ± 1.05 and 41.5 ± 1.85% for the TOF only and TOF+PSF, respectively. The impact of TOF+PSF is more significant than that of TOF reconstruction, in smaller inserts with low activity concentration ratio. In the clinical PET/CT images, the use of the TOF+PSF algorithm resulted in better SNR and contrast for lesions, and the highest SUV_(max)was also seen for images reconstructed with the TOF+PSF algorithm.展开更多
Chronic diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastro-intestinal manifestations in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Protozoa and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens that can easily in...Chronic diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastro-intestinal manifestations in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Protozoa and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens that can easily infect these patients. Among the NTM, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most frequently observed pathogen in HIV-infected patients. However, NTMs other than MAC have not been reported as a gastrointestinal pathogen as yet. We present a case of chronic diarrhea in an AIDS patient in whom Mycobacterium ulcerans and cryptosporidium co-infection is evidenced from colonic tissue.展开更多
Objective To comprehensively examine the molecular epidemiological characteristics of human rhinovirus(HRV)in Beijing.Methods A total of 7,151 children and adults with acute respiratory tract infections(ARTIs)were rec...Objective To comprehensively examine the molecular epidemiological characteristics of human rhinovirus(HRV)in Beijing.Methods A total of 7,151 children and adults with acute respiratory tract infections(ARTIs)were recruited from 35 sentinel hospitals in Beijing between 2018 and 2022.Their respiratory samples were obtained,and epidemiological and clinical data were collected.Nucleic acid testing for 11 respiratory pathogens,including HRV,was performed on the specimens.We sequenced VP4/VP2 or 5’UTR of HRV isolates to identify their genotypes using phylogenetic analyses.Results HRV was detected in 462(6.5%)cases.A total of 105 HRV genotypes were successfully identified in 359(77.7%)specimens,comprising 247(68.8%)with HRV-A,42(11.7%)with HRV-B,and 70(19.5%)with HRV-C.No predominant genotype was observed.HRV was prevalent year-round with two weak peaks in spring and autumn.HRV detection declined gradually between 2018 and 2022,with seven genotypes disappearing and five genotypes emerging.HRV detection rate decreased by age without resurge among old people.HRV-C was more common among children aged less than 5 years with severe community-acquired pneumonia compared to HRV-A and HRV-B.Adults infected with HRV-B had higher rates of hospitalization,intensive care unit admission,and complications than those infected with HRV-A and HRV-C.Conclusion HRV epidemics in Beijing were highly dispersed in genotypes,which probably resulted in a high prevalence of HRV infection,attenuated its seasonality,and made it more difficult to establish effective population immunity.展开更多
Image quality in positron emission tomography(PET)is affected by random and scattered coincidences and reconstruction protocols.In this study,we investigated the effects of scattered and random coincidences from outsi...Image quality in positron emission tomography(PET)is affected by random and scattered coincidences and reconstruction protocols.In this study,we investigated the effects of scattered and random coincidences from outside the field of view(FOV)on PET image quality for different reconstruction protocols.Imaging was performed on the Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner,using experimental configurations including the NEMA phantom(a body phantom,with six spheres of different sizes)with a signal background ratio of 4:1.The NEMA phantom(phantom I)was scanned separately in a one-bed position.To simulate the effect of random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV,six cylindrical phantoms with various diameters were added to the NEMA phantom(phantom II).The 18 emission datasets with mean intervals of 15 min were acquired(3 min/scan).The emission data were reconstructed using different techniques.The image quality parameters were evaluated by both phantoms.Variations in the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in a 28-mm(10-mm)sphere of phantom II were 37.9%(86.5%)for ordered-subset expectation maximization(OSEM-only),36.8%(81.5%)for point spread function(PSF),32.7%(80.7%)for time of flight(TOF),and 31.5%(77.8%)for OSEM+PSF+TOF,respectively,indicating that OSEM+PSF+TOF reconstruction had the lowest noise levels and lowest coefficient of variation(COV)values.Random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV induced lower SNR,lower contrast,and higher COV values,indicating image deterioration and significantly impacting smaller sphere sizes.Amongst reconstruction protocols,OSEM+PSF+TOF and OSEM+PSF showed higher contrast values for sphere sizes of 22,28,and 37 mm and higher contrast recovery coefficient values for smaller sphere sizes of 10 and 13 mm.展开更多
Background: Lung cancer is among the most common cancers. Search is ongoing to find biomarkers to improve the diagnosis lung cancer techniques in early stages. In this study we evaluate the sensitivity and specificity...Background: Lung cancer is among the most common cancers. Search is ongoing to find biomarkers to improve the diagnosis lung cancer techniques in early stages. In this study we evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the MUC1 and CEA gene expressions in the peripheral blood of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods: This study was done in Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran and was case/control study that conducted on 30 NSCLC patients and 30 healthy controls. Peripheral blood was collected and total RNA was extracted then cDNA was synthesized. Sample was separately assessed by real time PCR. Results: The expression of CEA gen was positive in 24 patients indicating 80% sensitivity for this marker. The expression of CEA gen was positive in 9 controls out of 30 each. A statistically significant difference was detected between patients and healthy controls with regard to CEA mRNA expression (P 0.001). The MUC1 gen expressed in 20 out of 30 patients, while it expressed in 3 controls. The difference in MUC1 mRNA expression was statistically significant between NSCLC patients and healthy controls (P 0.001). Conclusion: MUC1 and CEA are molecular biomarkers with relatively favorable sensitivity for primary diagnosis of NSCLC.展开更多
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is among the most common causes of cancer related mortality in women worldwide. Early detection and prompt diagnosis of tumor is the first step to prevent cancer-related morbid...Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is among the most common causes of cancer related mortality in women worldwide. Early detection and prompt diagnosis of tumor is the first step to prevent cancer-related morbidity and mortality, and a comprehensive understanding of the involved molecular mechanisms can greatly help in this respect. Breast cancer, like many other types of cancer, is caused by a combination of genetic and epigenetic changes such as inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 40 breast cancer patients and 40 healthy controls. Quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time qRT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and mammaglobin mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients and healthy controls. The two groups were compared using t-test. Results: The two groups were not significantly different in terms of the mean age. Twenty-nine out of 40 cancer patients were positive for CEA mRNA and its sensitivity was calculated to be 72.5%. Twelve out of 40 healthy controls were positive for CEA mRNA. Twenty-six out of 40 patients were positive for mammaglobin mRNA indicative of 65% sensitivity while only five out of 40 healthy controls were positive for mammaglobin mRNA. Conclusion: Both CEA and mammaglobin mRNA had high sensitivity in cancer patients;thus, they can be used for screening and early detection of breast cancer patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the current findings.展开更多
Background: Chest wall tumors are rare and mostly malignant. More than half of the malignancies are primary and the remainder are metastatic. Many studies have reported that metastatic lesions occur with about the sam...Background: Chest wall tumors are rare and mostly malignant. More than half of the malignancies are primary and the remainder are metastatic. Many studies have reported that metastatic lesions occur with about the same frequency as primary tumor. We evaluate common histological types of chest wall tumors in a tertiary center for respiratory and thoracic diseases (National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease). Method: We performed a retrospective study of chest wall tumors at National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) from April 2001 to March 2010. The pathology slides of patients were retrieved from the pathology archive of NRITLD and reviewed by two pathologists. The lesions were classified as primary or metastatic according to the relevant clinical data and imaging findings. Result: A total of 124 chest wall tumors were identified in patients with a mean age of 47.7 years (range 4-90 years). The male/female ratio was 2:1. The most commonly affected side was the right (42.7%). There were 105 malignant tumors (84.7%), out of which 49 (46.2%) were primary and 57 (53.8%) were metastatic in origin. The majority of the metastatic lesions were epithelial tumors (36/57) (63.1%). The metastatic origin was clear in 51 cases, mostly arising from the lungs (35.7%). The most common types of primary chest wall tumors were primitive neuroectodermal tumor (15/49, 30.6%), chondrosarcoma (7/49, 14.3%), and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (5/49, 10.2%). The most common benign tumor was lipoma (5/18, 35.7%). Conclusion: Most common tumors of chest wall in this study were malignant, mostly metastatic epithelial neoplasms.展开更多
Human-derived tumor models are essential for preclinical development of new anti-cancer drug entities.Generating animal models bearing tumors of human origin,such as patient-derived or cell line-derived xenograft tumo...Human-derived tumor models are essential for preclinical development of new anti-cancer drug entities.Generating animal models bearing tumors of human origin,such as patient-derived or cell line-derived xenograft tumors,is dependent on immuno-deficient strains.Tumor-bearing immunodeficient mice are susceptible to develop-ing unwanted disorders primarily irrelevant to the tumor nature;and if get involved with such disorders,reliability of the study results will be undermined,inevitably con-founding the research in general.Therefore,a rigorous health surveillance and clinical monitoring system,along with the establishment of a strictly controlled barrier facility to maintain a pathogen-free state,are mandatory.Even if all pathogen control and biosafety measures are followed,there are various noninfectious disorders capable of causing tissue and multiorgan damage in immunodeficient animals.Therefore,the re-searchers should be aware of sentinel signs to carefully monitor and impartially report them.This review discusses clinical signs of common unwanted disorders in experi-mental immunodeficient mice,and how to examine and report them.展开更多
Introduction:On November 27,2024,an active pulmonary tuberculosis case(pathogen positive)was identified in a senior high school in Guigang City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China.Methods:A comprehensive field epid...Introduction:On November 27,2024,an active pulmonary tuberculosis case(pathogen positive)was identified in a senior high school in Guigang City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China.Methods:A comprehensive field epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify close contacts.Close contacts underwent detailed interviews regarding their exposure history and symptoms,followed by diagnostic testing including the recombinant M.tuberculosis fusion protein test or interferon-γrelease assay,along with chest X-ray or CT imaging.Suspected cases were subjected to comprehensive laboratory evaluation,including sputum smear microscopy,sputum culture,and molecular biological testing.Drug susceptibility testing and genomic sequencing analysis were performed on culture-positive strains.Epidemiological associations were systematically assessed.Results:Screening encompassed 957 close contacts(919 from the senior high school and 38 from the index case’s junior high school class).Among these contacts,18 active pulmonary tuberculosis cases(16 epidemiologically linked and 2 sporadic),12 suspected cases,and 36 latent tuberculosis infections were identified.Four M.tuberculosis strains were successfully isolated from epidemiologically associated cases(including the index case,his junior high school classmate,high school deskmate,and current teacher).Genomic sequencing revealed that all strains exhibited isoniazid resistance and demonstrated high genetic homology(with<6 single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs).The index case had exhibited symptoms including cough and expectoration during junior high school;however,no abnormalities were detected during the physical examination upon senior high school enrollment.Additionally,routine daily health screenings conducted during morning and afternoon periods yielded consistently normal results.The investigation revealed that the index case had significant family contact history,with his father,two uncles,grandfather,and grandmother diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis between 2019 and 2025,three of whom had confirmed isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis.Conclusion:This outbreak represented a tuberculosis cluster resulting from household transmission that subsequently spread across different school grades and classes.The delayed identification of the index case,attributable to multiple systemic factors,constituted the primary driver of disease dissemination.These findings underscore the critical importance of screening close contacts,particularly those who are teachers or students within affected families.展开更多
AIM: To assess H pylori seroprevalence in lung cancer and determine whether there is a potential association between lung cancer and H pylori infection. METHODS: The study was conducted on forty consecutive patients w...AIM: To assess H pylori seroprevalence in lung cancer and determine whether there is a potential association between lung cancer and H pylori infection. METHODS: The study was conducted on forty consecutive patients with lung cancer, confirmed by pathology (32 men, 8 women; mean age 55.50 ± 11.91 years, range 16-77 years). Forty healthy subjects (25 men, 15 women; mean age 43.08 ± 12.60 years, range 20-79 years) from the patients’ family members were matched to each case subject on the basis of age and socioeconomic status. H pylori infection was detected with a commercially available immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Trinity kit, Biotech co., USA), previously validated in adults (86% sensitivity, 96% specificity) against a gold standard of culture and histology. RESULTS: H pylori seropositivity was present in 52.5% of patients with lung cancer in comparison to 45.0% of healthy control subjects. Although H pylori seropositivity was more frequent in lung cancer patients than in controls, the difference did not reach statistical significance (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.56-3.25; P = 0.65). In addition, there was no significant difference between cases and controls in terms of gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSION: The earlier described association between H pylori infection and lung cancer was not supported in this study. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be undertaken to assess the frequency of H pylori infection in patients with lung cancer and their potential association.展开更多
Abstract Objective The incidence of hypertension in Tibet ranks highest among all Chinese provinces. This may be due to genetic changes caused by Tibet＇s unique natural environment and agrarian lifestyle, prompting u...Abstract Objective The incidence of hypertension in Tibet ranks highest among all Chinese provinces. This may be due to genetic changes caused by Tibet＇s unique natural environment and agrarian lifestyle, prompting us to investigated the relationship between gene polymorphisms and hypertension. Methods Blood samples were collected from 229 hypertensive participants and 372 healthy （control） participants from five Tibetan counties. Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms were investigated for their connection to hypertension. Results The C allele at rs2070744 of the NOS3 gene was shown to be significantly associated with hypertension （P=0.0443; OR=1.636）. Additionally, the T allele of rs4961 of the ADD gene was correlated with hypertension in women （P=0.03124; OR=1.584）. Conclusion In this study we found that the NOS3 and ADD genes were related to a high incidence of hypertension among Tibetans. N053 gene plays a role in regulating vascular tone and blood vessel diameter, which may be altered by the low-oxygen environment of Tibet. ADD is involved in water and salt metabolism, which is consistent with the high-salt diet of Tibetans. The correlations elucidated by our study were different from those of other ethnic groups, indicating that these findings may be specific to the Tibetan people.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Key Project of Army "Twelfth Five-year Plan" Scientific Research Foundation(BWS11J050)
文摘Background: The diagnosis of bacterium-negative pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) and extra-pulmonary TB is challenging clinically. The detection of the anti-TB antibody has an important, auxiliary, clinical diagnostic value. Therefore, TB antibody detection kits should be screened and evaluated, and the reagents with the highest sensitivity and specificity should be chosen and used clinically.Methods: The diagnostic performance of 7 commercially available TB antibody detection kits(kits A, B, C, D, E, F and G) based on the gold immunoassay detection of immunoglobulin(Ig) G or IgM antibodies were simultaneously evaluated and compared in 62 TB cases and 56 non-TB cases in a laboratory. A retrospective analysis including 2549 cases was carried out to assess the clinical diagnosis values of bacteriological examinations and TB antibody tests(kits B and H used in the clinic).Results: The sensitivities of TB antibody kits A, B, C, D, E, F and G in the sera from 62 TB patients were 50.0%, 83.9%, 38.7%, 9.7%, 48.4%, 69.4% and 79.0%, respectively; the sensitivities in the sera from 24 smear-negative TB patients were 29.2%, 79.2%, 29.2%, 12.5%, 29.2%, 54.2% and 79.2%, respectively; the specificities in the sera from 56 nonTB patients were 73.2%, 25.0%, 85.7%, 96.4%, 78.6%, 78.6% and 50.0%, respectively. Of the 2549 clinically diagnosed cases, there were 1752 pulmonary TB cases, 505 extra-pulmonary TB cases, 87 old pulmonary TB cases and 205 non-TB cases. The positive results for smear, culture, TB antibody kit B and kit H in pulmonary TB cases were 39.8%(543/1365), 48.6%(372/765), 45.8%(802/1752) and 25.2%(442/1752), respectively; the results in extra-pulmonary TB cases were 3.4%(6/178), 5.8%(4/69), 35.4%(179/505), and 11.3%(57/505), respectively; the results in old pulmonary TB cases were 0%(0/64), 0%(0/30), 32.2%(28/87), and 9.2%(8/87), respectively; and the results in non-TB cases were 0%(0/121), 0%(0/56), 21.5%(44/205), and 2.4%(5/205), respectively. Of 624 smear-positive and/or culture-positive pulmonary TB cases, the sensitivities of antibody test kits B and H were 53.0% and 36.4%, respectively. Of 901 smear-negative and/or culture-negative pulmonary TB cases, the sensitivities of antibody test kits B and H were 42.5% and 19.0%, respectively. The positive rate of antibody detection in the bacterium-positive pulmonary TB cases was significantly higher than that in the bacterium-negative pulmonary TB cases(P<0.05).Conclusion: The colloidal gold-labeled TB antibody IgG detection assay is a simple, rapid and economical method that provides a better clinical auxiliary diagnosis value on TB, especially in smear-negative pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB. The production, quality control, screening and evaluation of antibody detection kits are very important for its clinical application.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China[No:81470091]Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Ascent Plan[DFL20151501]
文摘Objective To identify potential serum biomarkers for distinguishing between latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI） and active tuberculosis（TB）. Methods A proteome microarray containing 4,262 antigens was used for screening serum biomarkers of 40 serum samples from patients with LTBI and active TB at the systems level. The interaction network and functional classification of differentially expressed antigens were analyzed using STRING 10.0 and the TB database, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays（ELISA） were used to validate candidate antigens further using 279 samples. The diagnostic performances of candidate antigens were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve（ROC） analysis. Both antigen combination and logistic regression analysis were used to improve diagnostic ability. Results Microarray results showed that levels of 152 Mycobacterium tuberculosis（Mtb）-antigenspecific IgG were significantly higher in active TB patients than in LTBI patients（P 〈 0.05）, and these differentially expressed antigens showed stronger associations with each other and were involved in various biological processes. Eleven candidate antigens were further validated using ELISA and showed consistent results in microarray analysis. ROC analysis showed that antigens Rv2031 c, Rv1408, and Rv2421 c had higher areas under the curve（AUCs） of 0.8520, 0.8152, and 0.7970, respectively. In addition, both antigen combination and logistic regression analysis improved the diagnostic ability. Conclusion Several antigens have the potential to serve as serum biomarkers for discrimination between LTBI and active TB.
文摘The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to determine the proportion of new TB patients who received standard doses of rifampicin in multiple provinces of China, and the relationship between low doses of rifampicin and frequency of rifampicin-resistance as well as treatment outcomes. A total of 713 new TB patients were treated with either once-daily dose of bulk anti-TB drugs (group I) or every other day combination blister packs of anti-TB drugs containing rifampicin (group II) at more than 30 TB treatment centers/hospitals in China. Treatment history, therapeutic doses of rifampicin, and information about patients were extracted from their medical records and analyzed, and rifampicin-resistance of isolates collected from patients following the treatment as well as treatment outcomes were compared between two treatment groups. Among 522 patients in treatment group I, 154 (29.5%) received standard and 363 (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin;238 (45.6%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 243 (46.6%) were successfully treated. Among 191 patients in treatment group II, 175 (91.6%) received standard and 15 (7.9%) received low doses of rifampicin;72 (37.7%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 105 (55%) were successfully treated. When patients who received low doses of rifampicin were compared to others within the same treatment group, increased rates for rifampicin-resistance and treatment failure were observed. Results from this study showed that most new TB patients in treatment group I (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin, and their treatment outcomes were worse than those in treatment group II, indicating that low doses of rifampicin used for the initial treatment of new TB patients were correlated to increased frequency of rifampicin-resistance and poorer treatment outcomes.
基金supported by research funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China(81273144)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Program and Scientific Research Key Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(KZ201510025024)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(ZYLX201304)
文摘We evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis （EPTB） in China. The performance of Xpert was evaluated compared to the composite reference standard （CRS）, drug susceptibility testing （DST）, and imaging examination. The overall sensitivity and specificity of Xpert were 64.1% （195/304） and 100% （24/24）, respectively, using CRS as the gold standard. The sensitivity was significantly higher than that of culture for pus （P〈0.05）. The proportion of EPTB-positive cases diagnosed by imaging was two times more than that diagnosed using Xpert; however, 6 out of 19 cases may have been overdiagnosed by imaging.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30700685)the Medical Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Health Bureau (2009-1-06)
文摘The vitamin D receptor （VDR） gene is a primary candidate gene for tuberculosis susceptibility, but results of previous studies are somewhat contradictory and underpowered. Thus, it is essential to further explore the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis （PTB）. Methods： A systematic review and meta-analysis about the association between Fok[, TaqI, Apal and Bsm[ polymorphisms and PTB susceptibility was conducted. Statistical Package for Social Science （Version 13.0） and Review Manager （Version 4.2, The Cochrane Collaboration） were used to analyze the data reported in studies. Results： A total of 13 studies with 2 262 cases and 2 833 controls were involved in the FokI polymorphism, and the results showed FokI polymorphism was associated with PTB susceptibility （allele f vs F： OR=1.12, 95% CI=[1.02, 1.23]; the additive effect model ff vs FF： OR=1.40, 95%CI=[1.10, 1.77]; the recessive genetic model firs Ff＋FF： OR=1.39, 95%CI=[1.12, 1.71]）. No significant associations were observed between TaqI （15 studies with 3 031 cases and 3 132 controls）, ApaI （7 studies with 1 495 cases and 1 922 controls）, BsmI （6 studies with 919 cases and 1 250 controls） variants and PTB susceptibility. Conclusion： We found variant Fokl polymorphism of VDR gene may play a risky role in PTB development, and the genetic model was presumed to be recessive.
基金supported by funding from the Mycobacteriology Research Center,National Tuberculosis and Lung Research Institute(NRITLD),Masih Daneshvari Hospital(Grant No.16597)
文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria(NTM)among the samples deposited from the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory of Iran between 2011 and 2018.Methods:The study evaluated the prevalence of NTM among specimens from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms(n=15771)deposited at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory of Iran from 2011 to 2018.Detection of Mycobacterium(M.)tuberculosis was based on presence of a 190-bp amplicon from IS6110 insertion sequence using Tb1 and Tb2 primers,and amplicon-negative specimens were tested for NTM and M.tuberculosis(refractory to IS6110 amplification)using restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR of hsp65 amplicon fragment.Results:A total of 7307(46.33%)M.tuberculosis and 658(4.17%)NTM specimens were found,the latter mainly comprising M.abscessus(10.18%),M.avium(2.28%),M.chelonae(8.97%),M.intracellulare(10.49%),M.kansasii(4.71%),and M.simiae(56.08%).Conclusions:As treatment for NTM differs from that for M.tuberculosis,accurate detection of Mycobacterium sp.is of public health significance.
基金Public-Benefit Project on Tuberculosis Patient Care Action[09107].
文摘Objective We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis(TB)preventive treatment(TPT)among people with latent TB infection(LTBI)in China.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18,2023 to December 31,2023 across 10 counties in China.According to a national technical guide,we included healthcare workers,students,teachers,and others occupations aged 15-65 years as our research participants.Results Overall,17.0%(183/1,077)of participants accepted TPT.There were statistically significant differences in the acceptance rate of TPT among different sexes,ages,educational levels,and occupations(P<0.05).The main barriers to TPT acceptance were misconceptions that it had uncertain effects on prevention(57.8%,517/894),and concerns about side effects(32.7%,292/894).Conclusion An enhanced and comprehensive understanding of LTBI and TPT among people with LTBI is vital to further expand TPT in China.Moreover,targeted policies need to be developed to address barriers faced by different groups of people.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30700685)the Medical Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Health Bureau(2009-1-06)
文摘Background The epidemiological characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis （DR-TB） is fundamental to improving the prevention and control of DR-TB. Mutations in katG315 is thought to be the most predictive molecule markers for Isoniazid （INH） resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB）. However, mutations to these genes have not been thoroughly studied in China, and epidemiological evidence of their expression levels are especially lacking in the southwest of China, which has a high TB burden within the population. Methods MTB isolates were obtained from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the TB dispensary and Chest hospital in Chongqing city between June 2003 and June 2006. Proportion methods were used to test the sensitivity to INH, RFP, SM and EMB of cultured MTB. A total of 100 MTB isolates were also randomly selected for analysis of the molecular mutation spectrum of katG by DNA sequencing. Results Totally 1 089 MTB isolates that completed positive sputum cultures and evaluated for their sensitivity to the four first-line drugs among 2 777 patients with TB. The prevalence of DR-TB and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis （MDR-TB） were 27.7% （302/1 089） and 7.3% （79/1 089）, respectively. The resistance to anti-TB drugs was found to be highest for SM （16.3%） and INH （14.0%）. There was also a significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to RFP and EMB （P〈0.01）, and an increase in MDR-TB between June 2003 and June 2004 and between July 2005 and June 2006. The total mutation rate of katG315 was 75＂5% （37/49） in INH-resistant MTB, and mutation sites included $315T, $315N and $315I with mutation rates of 81.1% （30/37）, 13.5% （5/37） and 5.4% （2/37）, respectively No katG315 mutants were found in any of the 48 INH-sensitive MTB. Our preliminary diagnostic results suggest that mutations in katG315 may potentially serve as molecular markers that can be used to diagnose the resistance to anti-TB drug of INH. Conclusion In the Chongqing, DR-TB and MDR-TB are increasing, and are becoming key problems for tuberculosis control. The use of katG315 mutations as potential molecule markers for drug resistance to INH may help improve patient treatment and decrease the spread of the disease
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)[grant number 2021-I2M-1-037]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 82373647,and 82473697].
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index(BMI)and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study.Methods A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality.Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants.Results Overall,19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died.The underweight(<18.5 kg/m^(2))presented an increase in all-cause mortality(adjusted hazards ratio[aHR]=2.00,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.66–2.41),while overweight(≥24.0 to<28.0 kg/m^(2))and obesity(≥28.0 kg/m^(2))presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61(95%CI:0.52–0.73)and 0.51(95%CI:0.37–0.70),respectively.Overweight(aHR=0.76,95%CI:0.67–0.86)and mild obesity(aHR=0.72,95%CI:0.59–0.87)had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years.All-2 cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m(aHR=0.95,95%CI:0.92–0.98)and increased slightly above that value,indicating a U-shaped association.The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years.Therefore,it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
基金supported by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran(No.24166)the Masih Daneshvari Hospital,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
文摘This study was to assess quantitatively the accuracy of ^(18)F-FDG PET/CT images reconstructed by TOF+PSF and TOF only, considering the noise-matching concept to minimize probable bias in evaluating algorithm performance caused by noise. PET images of similar noise level were considered. Measurements were made on an inhouse phantom with hot inserts of Φ10–37 mm, and oncological images of 14 patients were analyzed. The PET images were reconstructed using the OSEM, OSEM+TOF and OSEM+TOF+PSF algorithms. Optimal reconstruction parameters including iteration, subset, and FWHM of post-smoothing filter were chosen for both the phantom and patient data. In terms of quantitative accuracy, the recovery coefficient(RC) was calculated for the phantom PET images. The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),lesion-to-background ratio(LBR), and SUV_(max)were evaluated from the phantom and clinical data. The smallest hot insert(Ф10 mm) with 2:1 activity concentration ratio could be detected in the PET image reconstructed using the TOF and TOF+PSF algorithms, but not the OSEM algorithm. The relative difference for SNR between the TOF+PSF and OSEM showed significantly higher values for smaller sizes, while SNR change was smaller for Ф22–37 mm inserts both 2:1 and 4:1 activity concentration ratio. In the clinical study, SNR gains were 1.6 ± 0.53 and 2.7 ± 0.74 for the TOF and TOF+PSF, while the relative difference of contrast was 17 ± 1.05 and 41.5 ± 1.85% for the TOF only and TOF+PSF, respectively. The impact of TOF+PSF is more significant than that of TOF reconstruction, in smaller inserts with low activity concentration ratio. In the clinical PET/CT images, the use of the TOF+PSF algorithm resulted in better SNR and contrast for lesions, and the highest SUV_(max)was also seen for images reconstructed with the TOF+PSF algorithm.
文摘Chronic diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastro-intestinal manifestations in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Protozoa and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens that can easily infect these patients. Among the NTM, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most frequently observed pathogen in HIV-infected patients. However, NTMs other than MAC have not been reported as a gastrointestinal pathogen as yet. We present a case of chronic diarrhea in an AIDS patient in whom Mycobacterium ulcerans and cryptosporidium co-infection is evidenced from colonic tissue.
基金supported by the the National Major Science and Technology Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases of China(2017ZX10103004)。
文摘Objective To comprehensively examine the molecular epidemiological characteristics of human rhinovirus(HRV)in Beijing.Methods A total of 7,151 children and adults with acute respiratory tract infections(ARTIs)were recruited from 35 sentinel hospitals in Beijing between 2018 and 2022.Their respiratory samples were obtained,and epidemiological and clinical data were collected.Nucleic acid testing for 11 respiratory pathogens,including HRV,was performed on the specimens.We sequenced VP4/VP2 or 5’UTR of HRV isolates to identify their genotypes using phylogenetic analyses.Results HRV was detected in 462(6.5%)cases.A total of 105 HRV genotypes were successfully identified in 359(77.7%)specimens,comprising 247(68.8%)with HRV-A,42(11.7%)with HRV-B,and 70(19.5%)with HRV-C.No predominant genotype was observed.HRV was prevalent year-round with two weak peaks in spring and autumn.HRV detection declined gradually between 2018 and 2022,with seven genotypes disappearing and five genotypes emerging.HRV detection rate decreased by age without resurge among old people.HRV-C was more common among children aged less than 5 years with severe community-acquired pneumonia compared to HRV-A and HRV-B.Adults infected with HRV-B had higher rates of hospitalization,intensive care unit admission,and complications than those infected with HRV-A and HRV-C.Conclusion HRV epidemics in Beijing were highly dispersed in genotypes,which probably resulted in a high prevalence of HRV infection,attenuated its seasonality,and made it more difficult to establish effective population immunity.
基金supported by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences under Grant No.36291PET/CT and Cyclotron Center of Masih Daneshvari Hospital at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences。
文摘Image quality in positron emission tomography(PET)is affected by random and scattered coincidences and reconstruction protocols.In this study,we investigated the effects of scattered and random coincidences from outside the field of view(FOV)on PET image quality for different reconstruction protocols.Imaging was performed on the Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner,using experimental configurations including the NEMA phantom(a body phantom,with six spheres of different sizes)with a signal background ratio of 4:1.The NEMA phantom(phantom I)was scanned separately in a one-bed position.To simulate the effect of random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV,six cylindrical phantoms with various diameters were added to the NEMA phantom(phantom II).The 18 emission datasets with mean intervals of 15 min were acquired(3 min/scan).The emission data were reconstructed using different techniques.The image quality parameters were evaluated by both phantoms.Variations in the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in a 28-mm(10-mm)sphere of phantom II were 37.9%(86.5%)for ordered-subset expectation maximization(OSEM-only),36.8%(81.5%)for point spread function(PSF),32.7%(80.7%)for time of flight(TOF),and 31.5%(77.8%)for OSEM+PSF+TOF,respectively,indicating that OSEM+PSF+TOF reconstruction had the lowest noise levels and lowest coefficient of variation(COV)values.Random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV induced lower SNR,lower contrast,and higher COV values,indicating image deterioration and significantly impacting smaller sphere sizes.Amongst reconstruction protocols,OSEM+PSF+TOF and OSEM+PSF showed higher contrast values for sphere sizes of 22,28,and 37 mm and higher contrast recovery coefficient values for smaller sphere sizes of 10 and 13 mm.
文摘Background: Lung cancer is among the most common cancers. Search is ongoing to find biomarkers to improve the diagnosis lung cancer techniques in early stages. In this study we evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the MUC1 and CEA gene expressions in the peripheral blood of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods: This study was done in Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran and was case/control study that conducted on 30 NSCLC patients and 30 healthy controls. Peripheral blood was collected and total RNA was extracted then cDNA was synthesized. Sample was separately assessed by real time PCR. Results: The expression of CEA gen was positive in 24 patients indicating 80% sensitivity for this marker. The expression of CEA gen was positive in 9 controls out of 30 each. A statistically significant difference was detected between patients and healthy controls with regard to CEA mRNA expression (P 0.001). The MUC1 gen expressed in 20 out of 30 patients, while it expressed in 3 controls. The difference in MUC1 mRNA expression was statistically significant between NSCLC patients and healthy controls (P 0.001). Conclusion: MUC1 and CEA are molecular biomarkers with relatively favorable sensitivity for primary diagnosis of NSCLC.
文摘Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is among the most common causes of cancer related mortality in women worldwide. Early detection and prompt diagnosis of tumor is the first step to prevent cancer-related morbidity and mortality, and a comprehensive understanding of the involved molecular mechanisms can greatly help in this respect. Breast cancer, like many other types of cancer, is caused by a combination of genetic and epigenetic changes such as inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 40 breast cancer patients and 40 healthy controls. Quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time qRT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and mammaglobin mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients and healthy controls. The two groups were compared using t-test. Results: The two groups were not significantly different in terms of the mean age. Twenty-nine out of 40 cancer patients were positive for CEA mRNA and its sensitivity was calculated to be 72.5%. Twelve out of 40 healthy controls were positive for CEA mRNA. Twenty-six out of 40 patients were positive for mammaglobin mRNA indicative of 65% sensitivity while only five out of 40 healthy controls were positive for mammaglobin mRNA. Conclusion: Both CEA and mammaglobin mRNA had high sensitivity in cancer patients;thus, they can be used for screening and early detection of breast cancer patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the current findings.
文摘Background: Chest wall tumors are rare and mostly malignant. More than half of the malignancies are primary and the remainder are metastatic. Many studies have reported that metastatic lesions occur with about the same frequency as primary tumor. We evaluate common histological types of chest wall tumors in a tertiary center for respiratory and thoracic diseases (National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease). Method: We performed a retrospective study of chest wall tumors at National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) from April 2001 to March 2010. The pathology slides of patients were retrieved from the pathology archive of NRITLD and reviewed by two pathologists. The lesions were classified as primary or metastatic according to the relevant clinical data and imaging findings. Result: A total of 124 chest wall tumors were identified in patients with a mean age of 47.7 years (range 4-90 years). The male/female ratio was 2:1. The most commonly affected side was the right (42.7%). There were 105 malignant tumors (84.7%), out of which 49 (46.2%) were primary and 57 (53.8%) were metastatic in origin. The majority of the metastatic lesions were epithelial tumors (36/57) (63.1%). The metastatic origin was clear in 51 cases, mostly arising from the lungs (35.7%). The most common types of primary chest wall tumors were primitive neuroectodermal tumor (15/49, 30.6%), chondrosarcoma (7/49, 14.3%), and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (5/49, 10.2%). The most common benign tumor was lipoma (5/18, 35.7%). Conclusion: Most common tumors of chest wall in this study were malignant, mostly metastatic epithelial neoplasms.
文摘Human-derived tumor models are essential for preclinical development of new anti-cancer drug entities.Generating animal models bearing tumors of human origin,such as patient-derived or cell line-derived xenograft tumors,is dependent on immuno-deficient strains.Tumor-bearing immunodeficient mice are susceptible to develop-ing unwanted disorders primarily irrelevant to the tumor nature;and if get involved with such disorders,reliability of the study results will be undermined,inevitably con-founding the research in general.Therefore,a rigorous health surveillance and clinical monitoring system,along with the establishment of a strictly controlled barrier facility to maintain a pathogen-free state,are mandatory.Even if all pathogen control and biosafety measures are followed,there are various noninfectious disorders capable of causing tissue and multiorgan damage in immunodeficient animals.Therefore,the re-searchers should be aware of sentinel signs to carefully monitor and impartially report them.This review discusses clinical signs of common unwanted disorders in experi-mental immunodeficient mice,and how to examine and report them.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2305204)the Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project(2022-06-21).
文摘Introduction:On November 27,2024,an active pulmonary tuberculosis case(pathogen positive)was identified in a senior high school in Guigang City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China.Methods:A comprehensive field epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify close contacts.Close contacts underwent detailed interviews regarding their exposure history and symptoms,followed by diagnostic testing including the recombinant M.tuberculosis fusion protein test or interferon-γrelease assay,along with chest X-ray or CT imaging.Suspected cases were subjected to comprehensive laboratory evaluation,including sputum smear microscopy,sputum culture,and molecular biological testing.Drug susceptibility testing and genomic sequencing analysis were performed on culture-positive strains.Epidemiological associations were systematically assessed.Results:Screening encompassed 957 close contacts(919 from the senior high school and 38 from the index case’s junior high school class).Among these contacts,18 active pulmonary tuberculosis cases(16 epidemiologically linked and 2 sporadic),12 suspected cases,and 36 latent tuberculosis infections were identified.Four M.tuberculosis strains were successfully isolated from epidemiologically associated cases(including the index case,his junior high school classmate,high school deskmate,and current teacher).Genomic sequencing revealed that all strains exhibited isoniazid resistance and demonstrated high genetic homology(with<6 single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs).The index case had exhibited symptoms including cough and expectoration during junior high school;however,no abnormalities were detected during the physical examination upon senior high school enrollment.Additionally,routine daily health screenings conducted during morning and afternoon periods yielded consistently normal results.The investigation revealed that the index case had significant family contact history,with his father,two uncles,grandfather,and grandmother diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis between 2019 and 2025,three of whom had confirmed isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis.Conclusion:This outbreak represented a tuberculosis cluster resulting from household transmission that subsequently spread across different school grades and classes.The delayed identification of the index case,attributable to multiple systemic factors,constituted the primary driver of disease dissemination.These findings underscore the critical importance of screening close contacts,particularly those who are teachers or students within affected families.
文摘AIM: To assess H pylori seroprevalence in lung cancer and determine whether there is a potential association between lung cancer and H pylori infection. METHODS: The study was conducted on forty consecutive patients with lung cancer, confirmed by pathology (32 men, 8 women; mean age 55.50 ± 11.91 years, range 16-77 years). Forty healthy subjects (25 men, 15 women; mean age 43.08 ± 12.60 years, range 20-79 years) from the patients’ family members were matched to each case subject on the basis of age and socioeconomic status. H pylori infection was detected with a commercially available immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Trinity kit, Biotech co., USA), previously validated in adults (86% sensitivity, 96% specificity) against a gold standard of culture and histology. RESULTS: H pylori seropositivity was present in 52.5% of patients with lung cancer in comparison to 45.0% of healthy control subjects. Although H pylori seropositivity was more frequent in lung cancer patients than in controls, the difference did not reach statistical significance (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.56-3.25; P = 0.65). In addition, there was no significant difference between cases and controls in terms of gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSION: The earlier described association between H pylori infection and lung cancer was not supported in this study. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be undertaken to assess the frequency of H pylori infection in patients with lung cancer and their potential association.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(973Program,Grants#2006CB504103)Chinese Academy of Sciences(#KSCX2-YW-R-76)Science and Technology Plan of the Tibet Autonomous Region(#2007-2-18)
文摘Abstract Objective The incidence of hypertension in Tibet ranks highest among all Chinese provinces. This may be due to genetic changes caused by Tibet＇s unique natural environment and agrarian lifestyle, prompting us to investigated the relationship between gene polymorphisms and hypertension. Methods Blood samples were collected from 229 hypertensive participants and 372 healthy （control） participants from five Tibetan counties. Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms were investigated for their connection to hypertension. Results The C allele at rs2070744 of the NOS3 gene was shown to be significantly associated with hypertension （P=0.0443; OR=1.636）. Additionally, the T allele of rs4961 of the ADD gene was correlated with hypertension in women （P=0.03124; OR=1.584）. Conclusion In this study we found that the NOS3 and ADD genes were related to a high incidence of hypertension among Tibetans. N053 gene plays a role in regulating vascular tone and blood vessel diameter, which may be altered by the low-oxygen environment of Tibet. ADD is involved in water and salt metabolism, which is consistent with the high-salt diet of Tibetans. The correlations elucidated by our study were different from those of other ethnic groups, indicating that these findings may be specific to the Tibetan people.
