A two-year field experiment conducted under dryland conditions in semi-humid and drought-prone regions of China aimed to assess the effect of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial on maize water use efficiency and yield.A heter...A two-year field experiment conducted under dryland conditions in semi-humid and drought-prone regions of China aimed to assess the effect of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial on maize water use efficiency and yield.A heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(HAOB)strain S2_8_1 was used.Six treatments were applied:(1)no irrigation+HAOB strain(DI),(2)no irrigation+blank culture medium(DM),(3)no irrigation control(DCK),(4)irrigation+HAOB(WI),(5)irrigation+blank culture medium(WM),and(6)irrigation control(WCK).Results revealed that HAOB treatment increased maize growth,yield,and water use efficiency over controls,regardless of whether the year was wet or dry.This improvement was attributed to the accelerated nitrification in the rhizosphere soil due to HAOB inoculation,which subsequently led to increased levels of leaf cytokinins.Overall,these findings suggest that HAOB inoculation holds promise as a strategy to boost water use efficiency and maize productivity in dryland agriculture.展开更多
Eucommia ulmoides, also called hardy rubber tree, is an economically important tree; however, the lack of its genome sequence restricts the fundamental biological research and applied studies of this plant species. He...Eucommia ulmoides, also called hardy rubber tree, is an economically important tree; however, the lack of its genome sequence restricts the fundamental biological research and applied studies of this plant species. Here, we present a high-quality assembly of its ~l.2-Gb genome （scaffold N50 = 1.88 Mb） with at least 26 723 predicted genes for E. ulmoides, the first sequenced genome of the order Garryales, which was obtained using an integrated strategy combining Illumina sequencing, PacBio sequencing, and BioNano mapping. As a sister taxon to lamiids and campanulids, E. ulmoides underwent an ancient genome triplication shared by core eudicots but no further whole-genome duplication in the last ~125 million years. E. ulmoides exhibits high expression levels and/or gene number expansion for multiple genes involved in stress responses and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which may account for its considerable environmental adaptability. In contrast to the rubber tree （Hevea brasiliensis）, which produces cis-polyisoprene, E. ulmoides has evolved to synthe- size long-chain trans-polyisoprene via farnesyl diphosphate synthases （FPSs）. Moreover, FPS and rub- ber elongation factor/small rubber particle protein gene families were expanded independently from the H. brasiliensis lineage. These results provide new insights into the biology of E. ulmoides and the origin of polyisoprene biosynthesis.展开更多
Sesame is an ancient oilseed crop with high oil content and quality.However,the evolutionary history and genetic mechanisms of its valuable agronomic traits remain unclear.Here,we report chromosome-scale genomes of cu...Sesame is an ancient oilseed crop with high oil content and quality.However,the evolutionary history and genetic mechanisms of its valuable agronomic traits remain unclear.Here,we report chromosome-scale genomes of cultivated sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)and six wild Sesamum species,representing all three karyotypes within this genus.Karyotyping and genome-based phylogenic analysis revealed the evolutionary route of Sesamum species from n=13 to n=16 and revealed that allotetraploidization occurred in the wild species Sesamum radiatum.Early divergence of the Sesamum genus(48.5–19.7 million years ago)during the Tertiary period and its ancient phylogenic position within eudicots were observed.Pan-genome analysis revealed 9164 core gene families in the 7Sesamumspecies.These families are significantly enriched in variousmetabolic pathways,including fatty acid(FA)metabolism and FA biosynthesis.Structural variations in SiPT1 and SiDT1 within the phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein gene family lead to the genomic evolution of plant-architecture and inflorescence-development phenotypes in Sesamum.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)of an interspecific population and genome comparisons revealed a long terminal repeat insertion and a sequence deletion inDIR genes of wildSesamum angustifoliumand cultivated sesame,respectively;both variations independently cause high susceptibility toFusariumwilt disease.A GWAS of 560 sesame accessions combined with an overexpression study confirmed that the NAC1andPPOgenes play an important role in upregulating oil content of sesame.Our study provides high-quality genomic resources for cultivated and wild Sesamum species and insights that can improve molecular breeding strategies for sesame and other oilseed crops.展开更多
Wheat root rot caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici(Ggt)results in severe yield losses in wheat production worldwide.However,little is known about the molecular mechanism that regulates systemic symptom devel...Wheat root rot caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici(Ggt)results in severe yield losses in wheat production worldwide.However,little is known about the molecular mechanism that regulates systemic symptom development in infected wheat.Fluorescent microscopy observation of the stained wheat roots infected by Ggt showed that lesions were visible when the fungus could be detected in the endodermis,pericycle and phloem at 5 days post inoculation(dpi),and rust symptoms were visible when there was extensive fungal colonization in the root cortex at 6 dpi.Transcriptome sequencing of Ggt-inoculated wheat roots and healthy control root samples was performed at 5 dpi to identify Ggt-induced gene expression changes in wheat roots at the time of lesion formation.A total of 3973 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified,of which 1004(25.27%)were up-regulated and 2969(74.73%)were down-regulated in Ggt-inoculated wheat roots compared with those in control roots.GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis of these DEGs revealed that many of them were associated with pathogen resistance,such as those involved in oxidation-reduction process,tryptophan biosynthesis process,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis process.Analysis of DEGs revealed that 15 DEGs were involved in cellular regulation,57 DEGs in signal transduction pathways,and 75 DEGs in cell wall reorganization,and 23 DEGs are pathogenesisrelated proteins.Reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)of 13 of those DEGs showed that these genes may play roles in wheat resistance against Ggt.Overall,this study represents the first transcriptional profiling of wheat roots in response to Ggt infection and further characterization of DEGs identified in this study may lead to better understanding of resistance against take-all in wheat.展开更多
In the original publication of this article(Zhang et al.2020),an error in the sub-section‘Pathogen inoculation and observation’of the‘Methods’section needs to be corrected as below.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1304326)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Provincial(242300421242)。
文摘A two-year field experiment conducted under dryland conditions in semi-humid and drought-prone regions of China aimed to assess the effect of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial on maize water use efficiency and yield.A heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(HAOB)strain S2_8_1 was used.Six treatments were applied:(1)no irrigation+HAOB strain(DI),(2)no irrigation+blank culture medium(DM),(3)no irrigation control(DCK),(4)irrigation+HAOB(WI),(5)irrigation+blank culture medium(WM),and(6)irrigation control(WCK).Results revealed that HAOB treatment increased maize growth,yield,and water use efficiency over controls,regardless of whether the year was wet or dry.This improvement was attributed to the accelerated nitrification in the rhizosphere soil due to HAOB inoculation,which subsequently led to increased levels of leaf cytokinins.Overall,these findings suggest that HAOB inoculation holds promise as a strategy to boost water use efficiency and maize productivity in dryland agriculture.
文摘Eucommia ulmoides, also called hardy rubber tree, is an economically important tree; however, the lack of its genome sequence restricts the fundamental biological research and applied studies of this plant species. Here, we present a high-quality assembly of its ~l.2-Gb genome （scaffold N50 = 1.88 Mb） with at least 26 723 predicted genes for E. ulmoides, the first sequenced genome of the order Garryales, which was obtained using an integrated strategy combining Illumina sequencing, PacBio sequencing, and BioNano mapping. As a sister taxon to lamiids and campanulids, E. ulmoides underwent an ancient genome triplication shared by core eudicots but no further whole-genome duplication in the last ~125 million years. E. ulmoides exhibits high expression levels and/or gene number expansion for multiple genes involved in stress responses and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which may account for its considerable environmental adaptability. In contrast to the rubber tree （Hevea brasiliensis）, which produces cis-polyisoprene, E. ulmoides has evolved to synthe- size long-chain trans-polyisoprene via farnesyl diphosphate synthases （FPSs）. Moreover, FPS and rub- ber elongation factor/small rubber particle protein gene families were expanded independently from the H. brasiliensis lineage. These results provide new insights into the biology of E. ulmoides and the origin of polyisoprene biosynthesis.
基金supported by earmarked funding for the China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-14),Chinathe China National"973"Project (2011CB109304),China+5 种基金the Henan Zhongyuan Scientist Work Station Construction Fund (092101211100),Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1204318,U1304321,31301653,31471537,and 32172094),Chinathe Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province (201300110600),Chinathe Key Research Project of the Shennong Laboratory (SN01-2022-04),Chinathe Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province (221111520400),Chinathe Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Project of the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2023TD04),China.
文摘Sesame is an ancient oilseed crop with high oil content and quality.However,the evolutionary history and genetic mechanisms of its valuable agronomic traits remain unclear.Here,we report chromosome-scale genomes of cultivated sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)and six wild Sesamum species,representing all three karyotypes within this genus.Karyotyping and genome-based phylogenic analysis revealed the evolutionary route of Sesamum species from n=13 to n=16 and revealed that allotetraploidization occurred in the wild species Sesamum radiatum.Early divergence of the Sesamum genus(48.5–19.7 million years ago)during the Tertiary period and its ancient phylogenic position within eudicots were observed.Pan-genome analysis revealed 9164 core gene families in the 7Sesamumspecies.These families are significantly enriched in variousmetabolic pathways,including fatty acid(FA)metabolism and FA biosynthesis.Structural variations in SiPT1 and SiDT1 within the phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein gene family lead to the genomic evolution of plant-architecture and inflorescence-development phenotypes in Sesamum.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)of an interspecific population and genome comparisons revealed a long terminal repeat insertion and a sequence deletion inDIR genes of wildSesamum angustifoliumand cultivated sesame,respectively;both variations independently cause high susceptibility toFusariumwilt disease.A GWAS of 560 sesame accessions combined with an overexpression study confirmed that the NAC1andPPOgenes play an important role in upregulating oil content of sesame.Our study provides high-quality genomic resources for cultivated and wild Sesamum species and insights that can improve molecular breeding strategies for sesame and other oilseed crops.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0200901)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401815)+1 种基金Major Achievement Cultivation Program of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(20191101004)the Central Government Guide Local Projects(2020[44]).
文摘Wheat root rot caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici(Ggt)results in severe yield losses in wheat production worldwide.However,little is known about the molecular mechanism that regulates systemic symptom development in infected wheat.Fluorescent microscopy observation of the stained wheat roots infected by Ggt showed that lesions were visible when the fungus could be detected in the endodermis,pericycle and phloem at 5 days post inoculation(dpi),and rust symptoms were visible when there was extensive fungal colonization in the root cortex at 6 dpi.Transcriptome sequencing of Ggt-inoculated wheat roots and healthy control root samples was performed at 5 dpi to identify Ggt-induced gene expression changes in wheat roots at the time of lesion formation.A total of 3973 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified,of which 1004(25.27%)were up-regulated and 2969(74.73%)were down-regulated in Ggt-inoculated wheat roots compared with those in control roots.GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis of these DEGs revealed that many of them were associated with pathogen resistance,such as those involved in oxidation-reduction process,tryptophan biosynthesis process,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis process.Analysis of DEGs revealed that 15 DEGs were involved in cellular regulation,57 DEGs in signal transduction pathways,and 75 DEGs in cell wall reorganization,and 23 DEGs are pathogenesisrelated proteins.Reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)of 13 of those DEGs showed that these genes may play roles in wheat resistance against Ggt.Overall,this study represents the first transcriptional profiling of wheat roots in response to Ggt infection and further characterization of DEGs identified in this study may lead to better understanding of resistance against take-all in wheat.
文摘In the original publication of this article(Zhang et al.2020),an error in the sub-section‘Pathogen inoculation and observation’of the‘Methods’section needs to be corrected as below.
