Scientific and technological services are necessary for strengthening agriculture.Under the new situation,agricultural research institutes should give full play to their advantages,strive to innovate scientific and te...Scientific and technological services are necessary for strengthening agriculture.Under the new situation,agricultural research institutes should give full play to their advantages,strive to innovate scientific and technological services methods,and improve scientific and technological service levels.Combined with the practice of science and technology work of Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,this paper made an in-depth analysis on the present situations and existing problems in the scientific and technological services of agricultural research institutes.Based on the analysis,it came up with recommendations including change ideological concepts,strengthening service awareness,adhering to people-oriented principle,enhancing the team building,improving mechanism construction,stimulating innovative vitality,exploring service methods,and enriching service connotation,so as to improve scientific and technological service works.展开更多
The sugar beet cyst nematode(Heterodera schachtii) is one of the most destructive pathogens in sugar beet production, which causes serious economic losses every year. Few molecular details of effectors of H. schachtii...The sugar beet cyst nematode(Heterodera schachtii) is one of the most destructive pathogens in sugar beet production, which causes serious economic losses every year. Few molecular details of effectors of H. schachtii parasitism are known. We analyzed the genome and transcriptome data of H. schachtii and identified multiple potential predicted proteins. After filtering out predicted proteins with high homology to other plant-parasitic nematodes, we performed functional validation of the remaining effector proteins. 37 putative effectors of H. schachtii were screened based on the Nicotiana benthamiana system for identifying the effectors that inhibit plant immune response, eventually determines 13 candidate effectors could inhibit cell death caused by Bax. Among the 13 effectors, nine have the ability to inhibit GPA2/RBP1-induced cell death. All 13 effectortriggered immunity(ETI) suppressor genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR and confirmed to result in a significant downregulation of one or more defense genes during infection compared to empty vector. For in situ hybridization,13 effectors were specifically expressed and located in esophageal gland cells. These data and functional analysis set the stage for further studies on the interaction of H. schachtii with host and H. schachtii parasitic control.展开更多
Sharp eyespot(Rhizoctonia cerealis)is a widespread soil-borne fungal disease that poses a severe threat to wheat health,and it is one of the main obstacles to achieving stable and high-quality wheat yields in China.Ou...Sharp eyespot(Rhizoctonia cerealis)is a widespread soil-borne fungal disease that poses a severe threat to wheat health,and it is one of the main obstacles to achieving stable and high-quality wheat yields in China.Our collaborative team has developed a novel,efficient,and low-toxicity fungicide named Y17991(N-(2-(2,4-bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide).Preliminary laboratory tests confirmed the significant inhibitory effect of this agent on R.cerealis.Large-area field trials also demonstrated its efficacy,with a disease prevention index of 83.52%,which is 1.97%greater than that of the widely used thifluzamide,and it significantly increased the wheat yield.Moreover,this study explored the impacts of Y17991 on the structure and function of the microbial community in wheat rhizosphere soil.Bacterial communities were more strongly affected than fungal communities.Y17991 significantly modulated key amino acid metabolic pathways and certain biosynthetic processes in diseased wheat rhizospheres,and it also enhanced certain biosynthetic pathways and metabolic activities in healthy wheat rhizospheres.Additionally,the application of Y17991 regulated rhizosphere metabolites,thus exerting significant control over the microbial community.We identified 15 microbial strains potentially involved in the prevention and treatment of R.cerealis,and Y17991 treatment promoted the growth of Pedobacter and Bacillus strains.These strains not only aid in plant growth but they also have the potential for disease prevention.In summary,Y17991 application at a reasonable dose does not cause significant disruption to nontarget rhizosphere microbial communities.In future studies,we will continue to investigate the impacts of Y17991 on nonmicrobial components in soil ecosystems,such as protozoa and nematodes.Our research provides a theoretical basis for the scientific application and promotion of new fungicides and offers a significant reference for establishing a comprehensive system for assessing the ecological impact of pesticides on the environment.展开更多
The oral secretions of insect herbivores are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic solutes and enzymes that are deposited onto plant tissues during the feeding process.Some specific components of insect oral secre...The oral secretions of insect herbivores are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic solutes and enzymes that are deposited onto plant tissues during the feeding process.Some specific components of insect oral secretions have been shown to confer important functions in mediating plant–insect interactions at the molecular level.In this review,we examined the biochemical studies of insect oral secretions to summarize the current knowledge of their compositions.We then moved beyond the functional studies of components of oral secretions,and focused on the literature that pinpointed specific molecular targets of these compounds.Finally,we highlighted the investigations of oral secretion components in the context of insect physiology,which shed light on the potential evolutionary trajectory of these multi-functional molecules.展开更多
World crop production requires highly-productive varieties of agricultural crops,which are resistant to pest organisms.Such varieties are also of great importance for the Uzbekistan.Their
Potato tuber moth(PTM)Phthorimaea operculella,also known as tobacco splitworm,is an important pest of tobacco plants.The knowledge on the interaction of tobacco plant volatiles and PTM behavior is limited.To clarify t...Potato tuber moth(PTM)Phthorimaea operculella,also known as tobacco splitworm,is an important pest of tobacco plants.The knowledge on the interaction of tobacco plant volatiles and PTM behavior is limited.To clarify the effect of tobacco plant volatiles on the orientation and oviposition behaviors of PTM and to identify potential compounds for PTM control,tobacco plant volatiles were collected by headspace collection method,and volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Thirteen electrophysiological active compounds were screened by employing coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and from which nine available compounds were further verified by electroantennogram recording.cis-3-Hexen-1-ol showed significant attractant effect on the orientation behaviors of both male and female moths.Nonanal and decanal could only attract females,while octanal exhibited repellent effect on males.Oviposition selection experiment indicated that nonanal,decanal,decane and methyl hexadecanoate could stimulate the gravid females to lay more eggs,while octanal and 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylenthyl)-4-methyl phenol inhibited their oviposition.Our study added more compounds to the list that could serve as potential PTM deterrents or attractants.展开更多
Rice is an important staple food in China and it is at risk of attack by rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis, which occurs in most rice growing areas. In recent years, severe C. suppressalis outbreaks have been...Rice is an important staple food in China and it is at risk of attack by rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis, which occurs in most rice growing areas. In recent years, severe C. suppressalis outbreaks have been observed in China mainly due to changes in the rice cultivation systems, wide adoption of hybrid varieties and resistance to the dominant insecticides. Management relies primarily on chemical insecticides and resistance is an important contributing factor in these outbreaks. As a result, food safety of agricultural produce is reduced and the ecological and environmental integrities are threatened as well. Recently, environmentally friendly pest management measures, such as trap plants have been introduced for C. suppressalis management and this method can greatly reduce insecticide use. Our previous results indicated that the vetiver grass(Vetiveria zizanioides) is a dead-end trap plant that can effectively attract the adult females of C. suppressalis to lay eggs on it but where larvae are unable to complete their life cycle. This paper further explored the application of vetiver grass as a trap plant to manage C. suppressalis in the paddy fields. This environment-friendly tool can not only reduce C. suppressalis populations, it can also increase the diversity and abundance of natural enemies that can provide better environmental conditions for rice production.展开更多
Vetiver grass （Vetiveria zizanioides L.） was previously found to effectively attract female adults of Chilo suppressalis （Walker）, an important pest of rice. To determine the volatile compounds involved in this at...Vetiver grass （Vetiveria zizanioides L.） was previously found to effectively attract female adults of Chilo suppressalis （Walker）, an important pest of rice. To determine the volatile compounds involved in this attraction, electroantennography （EAG） responses to seven synthetic volatiles released from vetiver plants were examined. Our results indicated that the responses of C. suppressalis adult antennae to the different compounds varied widely. The compounds elicited strong EAG responses in female antennae were subsequently selected for further EAG response tests, namely, caryophyllene, β-ocimene, linalool and a-pinene. EAG responses to a combination of these four compounds did not differ significantly from the individual compounds. However, pair combination tests indicated that 0.01μg μL-1linalool and 50 μg μL-1 α-pinene, 50 μgμL-1 caryophyllene and 0.01μg μL-1 linalool, 0.01 μg μL-1 13-ocimene and 0.01 μg μL-1 linalool, and 0.01μg μL-1 β-ocimene and 50 μg μL-1 caryophyllene elicited significantly greater EAG responses in 3-day female moths compared to the 1-day female. These compound combinations and the corresponding ratios are probably playing an important role in attracting female adults of C. suppressalis to the vetiver grass.展开更多
Potato virus M(PVM) is one of the common and economically important potato viruses in potato-growing regions worldwide. To investigate and control this viral disease, efficient and specific detection techniques are ne...Potato virus M(PVM) is one of the common and economically important potato viruses in potato-growing regions worldwide. To investigate and control this viral disease, efficient and specific detection techniques are needed. In this study, PVM virions were purified from infected potato plants and used as the immunogen to produce hybridomas secreting PVM-specific monoclonal antibodies(MAbs). Four highly specific and sensitive murine MAbs, i.e., 1 E1, 2 A5, 8 A1 and 17 G8 were prepared through a conventional hybridoma technology. Using these four MAbs, we have developed an antigen-coated plate(ACP)-ELISA, a dot-ELISA and a Tissue print-ELISA for detecting PVM infection in potato plants and tubers. PVM could be detected in infected potato plant tissue crude extracts diluted at 1:10 240(w/v, g mL^(–1)) by the dot-ELISA or at 1:163 840(w/v, g mL^(–1)) by the ACP-ELISA. The Tissue print-ELISA is the quickest and easiest assay among the three established serological assays and is more suitable for onsite large-scale sample detection. Detection results of the field-collected samples showed that PVM is currently widespread in the Yunnan and the Heilongjiang provinces in China. The field sample test results of the developed serological assays were supported by the results from RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. We consider that the newly established ACP-ELISA, dot-ELISA and Tissue print-ELISA can benefit PVM detection in potato plant and tuber samples and field epidemiological studies of PVM. These assays can also facilitate the production of virus-free seed potatoes and breeding for PVM-resistant potato cultivars, leading to the successful prevention of this potato viral disease.展开更多
Spodoptera frugiperda,the pest fall armyworm(FAW),is widespread in more than 100 countries.To date,planting insectresistant transgenic crops is one of the main control methods in its native countries.In this study we ...Spodoptera frugiperda,the pest fall armyworm(FAW),is widespread in more than 100 countries.To date,planting insectresistant transgenic crops is one of the main control methods in its native countries.In this study we evaluated Bt-transgenic maize(Bt maize)and non-transgenic(conventional)maize and six other host plants in greenhouse pot experiments and field trials for oviposition preference by the Chinese populations of FAW.In laboratory trials,female moths preferred to oviposit on maize with no significant preference between conventional and Bt maize.However,after conventional and transgenic maize were exposed to FAW larvae and damaged,oviposition was significantly higher on transgenic maize than on the conventional one.Field trials showed that for plants less damaged at an early stage(seedling stage),oviposition of FAW on transgenic and conventional maize was significantly higher than that on wheat,sorghum,foxtail millet,peanut and soybean while showing no significant difference between transgenic or conventional maize.FAW adults mainly laid eggs on Bt maize,while the larval density and leaf damage rating or percentage of damaged plants were significantly lower than on conventional maize.Larval density and its damage on conventional maize were significantly higher than that on Bt maize and the other five hosts.Thus,maize is a highly preferred and suitable host for S.frugiperda feeding and ovipositing,and Bt maize can be used as trap crop to protect other crops.展开更多
Rice stripe mosaic virus(RSMV) is a rhabdovirus recently found in southern part of China and can cause severe reduction in rice production. To establish serological methods for RSMV epidemiological studies and to esta...Rice stripe mosaic virus(RSMV) is a rhabdovirus recently found in southern part of China and can cause severe reduction in rice production. To establish serological methods for RSMV epidemiological studies and to establish a control strategy for this virus, we first purified RSMV virions from infected rice plants and then used them as an immunogen to produce four RSMV-specific monoclonal antibodies(MAbs)(i.e.,1D4, 4A8, 8E4 and 11F11). With these MAbs, we have developed a highly specific and sensitive antigen-coated plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ACP-ELISA), a Dot-ELISA and a Tissue print-ELISA for rapid detections of RSMV infection in rice plants or in leafhoppers. Our results showed that RSMV can be readily detected in RSMV-infected rice plant tissue crude extracts diluted at 1:20,971,520(w/v, g/m L)through ACP-ELISA or diluted at 1:327,680(w/v, g/m L) through Dot-ELISA. Both ACP-ELISA and Dot-ELISA can also be used to detect RSMV infection in individual RSMV viruliferous leafhopper(Recilia dorsalis) homogenate diluted at 1:307,200 and 1:163,840(individual leafhopper/l L), respectively. Detection of RSMV infection in field-collected rice samples or in RSMV viruliferous leafhoppers indicated that the three serological methods can produce same results with that produced by RT-PCR(19 of the 33 rice samples and 5 of the 16 leafhoppers were RSMV-positive). We consider that the four MAbs produced in this study are very specific and sensitive, and the three new serological methods are very useful for detections of RSMV infection in rice plants or in leafhoppers and the establishment of the disease control strategies.展开更多
We evaluated the effects of rice black streak dwarf virus （RBSDV）-infested rice plants on the ecological parameters and its relevant defensive and detoxification enzymes of white-backed planthopper （WBPH） in labor...We evaluated the effects of rice black streak dwarf virus （RBSDV）-infested rice plants on the ecological parameters and its relevant defensive and detoxification enzymes of white-backed planthopper （WBPH） in laboratory for exploring the relationship between RBSDV and the non-vector planthopper. The results showed that nymph survival rate, female adult weight and fecundity, and egg hatchability of WBPH fed on RBSDV-infested rice plants did not markedly differ from those on healthy plants, whereas the female adult longevity and egg duration significantly shortened on diseased plants. Furthermore, significantly higher activities of defensive enzymes （dismutase, catalase and peroxidase） and detoxification enzymes （acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase） were found in WBPH adults fed on infected plants. Results implied that infestation by RBSDV increased the ecological fitness of non-vector planthopper population.展开更多
It is predicted that the current atmospheric CO2 concentration will be doubled and global mean temperature will increase by 1.5-6＆#176;C by the end of this century. Although a number of studies have addressed the sep...It is predicted that the current atmospheric CO2 concentration will be doubled and global mean temperature will increase by 1.5-6＆#176;C by the end of this century. Although a number of studies have addressed the separate effects of CO2 and temperature on plant-insect interactions, few have concerned with their combined impacts. In the current study, a factorial experiment was carried out to examine the effect of a doubling CO2 concentration and a 3℃ temperature increase on a complete generation of the brown planthopper （Nilaparvata lugens） on rice （Oryza sativa）. Both elevated CO2 and temperature increased rice stem height and biomass of stem parts. Leaf chlorophyll content increased under elevated CO2, but only in ambient temperature treatment. Water content of stem parts was reduced under elevated temperature, but only when coupled with elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 alone increased biomass of root and elevated temperature alone enhanced leaf area and reduced ratio of root to stem parts. Brown planthopper （BPH） nymphal development was accelerated, and weight of and honeydew excretion by the F1 adults was reduced under elevated temperature only. Longevity of brachypterous females was affected by a signiifcant interaction between CO2 and temperature. At elevated temperature, CO2 had no effect on female longevity, but at ambient temperature, the females lived shorter under elevated CO2. Female fecundity was higher at elevated than at ambient temperature and higher at elevated CO2 than at ambient CO2. These results indicate that the combined effects of elevated temperature and CO2 may enhance the brown planthopper population size.展开更多
Understanding the temperature affecting parasitic efficiency is critical to succeed in utilizing parasitoid as natural enemy in pest management. Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the effects of temperat...Understanding the temperature affecting parasitic efficiency is critical to succeed in utilizing parasitoid as natural enemy in pest management. Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the effects of temperature on parasitoid preference of female Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang （Hymenoptera：Mymaridae） to the eggs of whitebacked planthopper （WBPH）, Sogatella furcifera Horváth and brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens Stl to build a composite model describing changes in parasitic response along a temperature gradient （18, 22, 26, 30, 34°C）. The results showed that attack responses of A. nilaparvatae on WBPH and BPH were the best described by a Type II functional response. The two parameters, attack rates （a） and handling times （Th）, of A. nilaparvatae to both eggs were influenced by the temperature. The maximum attack rates to WBPH （1.235） and BPH （1.049） were at 26 and 34°C, respectively, and the shortest handling times to WBPH （0.063） and BPH （0.057） were at 30 and 26°C, respectively. However, the optimal temperature for parasitic efficiency of A. nilaparvatae to WBPH and BPH eggs was both at 26°C, which showed that the present microclimate temperature of the habitat in the paddyfield was beneficial to A. nilaparvatae and indicated that parasitic efficiency of A. nilaparvatae would be impaired by global warming.展开更多
One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper （SBPH） （Laodelphax striatellus Fallen） by the modified seedbox screening test. Twenty-five rice accessions w...One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper （SBPH） （Laodelphax striatellus Fallen） by the modified seedbox screening test. Twenty-five rice accessions with different levels of resistance to SBPH were detected, accounting for 18.1% of the total accessions, which included 2 highly resistant, 9 resistant and 14 moderately resistant varieties. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice was more susceptible to SBPH. Antixenosis test, antibiosis test and correlation analysis were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanism. The resistant check Rathu Heenati （RHT）, highly resistant varieties Mudgo and Kasalath, and resistant variety IR36 expressed strong antixenosis and antibiosis against SBPH, indicating the close relationship between resistance level and these two resistance mechanisms in the four rice varieties. Antibiosis was the dominant resistance pattern in the resistant varieties Daorenqiao and Yangmaogu due to their high antibiosis but low antixenosis. Dular, ASD7 and Milyang 23 had relatively strong antixenosis and antibiosis, indicating the two resistance mechanisms were significant in these three varieties. The resistant DV85 expressed relatively high level of antixenosis but low antibiosis, whereas Zhaiyeqing 8 and Guiyigu conferred only moderate antibiosis and antixenosis to SBPH, suggesting tolerance in these three varieties. Antibiosis and antixenosis governed the resistance to SBPH in the moderately resistant accession 9311. Antixenosis was the main resistance type in V20A. Tolerance was considered to be an important resistance mechanism in Minghui 63 and Yangjing 9538 due to their poor antibiosis and antixenosis resistance. The above accessions with strong antibiosis or antixenosis were the ideal materials for the resistance breeding.展开更多
Plant viruses are mainly transmitted by insect vectors in the non-persistent,semi-persistent,or persistent modes.In the non-persistent mode,plant viruses are retained in the stylets of their insect vectors.In the semi...Plant viruses are mainly transmitted by insect vectors in the non-persistent,semi-persistent,or persistent modes.In the non-persistent mode,plant viruses are retained in the stylets of their insect vectors.In the semi-persistent mode,plant viruses are carried to vector foreguts or salivary glands,but they cannot spread to salivary glands.In the persistent mode,plant viruses are retained in vector guts and can spread to salivary glands.In the non-persistent and semi-persistent modes,plant viruses are retained for a short time and cannot enter the hemolymph of insect vectors,whereas in the persistent mode,plant viruses are retained for a relatively long time and can be found in the hemolymph.Here,we reviewed recent studies that uncovered molecular mechanisms of how plant viruses manipulate host traits for efficient transmission by insect vectors.Normally,plants that are infected with viruses,regardless of the transmission mode,tend to release more attractive volatiles to vectors.However,plant defensive systems are regulated differently by viruses in these three modes.In the non-persistent mode,virus infections significantly induce plant defense responses,which probably trigger vectors(e.g.,winged aphids)to disperse and transmit viruses in a short time.In the semi-persistent mode,virus infections frequently suppress plant defense responses,resulting in an increase of vector population and facilitating viral transmissions during vector outbreaks.In the persistent mode,virus infections reduce plant defense responses and manipulate plant traits to become suitable feeding sites in a relatively long period of time.Understanding the underlying mechanisms of virus–vector–plant interactions will lay a foundation for preventing virus transmission.展开更多
The effects of different phosphate-amendments on lead （Pb） uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the level of malondialdehyde （MDA） in cauliflower （Brassica oleracea L.） in contaminated soil...The effects of different phosphate-amendments on lead （Pb） uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the level of malondialdehyde （MDA） in cauliflower （Brassica oleracea L.） in contaminated soils with 2500, or 5000 mg P2O5/kg soil of hydroxyapatite （HA）, phosphate rock （PR）, single-superphosphate （SSP） and the mix of HA/SSP （HASSP） were evaluated in pot experiments. Results showed that the Pb concentrations in shoots and roots decreased by 18.3%-51.6% and 16.8%-57.3% among the treatments respectively compared to the control samples. The efficiency order of these phosphate-amendments in reducing Pb uptake was as follows： HASSP= HA 〉 SSP ,= PR. With the addition of SSP, HA and the mix of HA/SSP, the SOD activity in shoot was reduced markedly （P 〈 0.05） compared with that in the control group. For example, the SOD activities in shoot by the treatments of HASSP, SSP, and HA in 5000 mg P2O5/kg were found to be only 51.3%, 56.2%, and 56.7%, respectively. Similar effects were also observed on the level of MDA in the shoots with a decrease in 24.5%-56.3%. The results verified the inference that phosphate compounds could be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in the plant vegetated in Pb-contaminated soils.展开更多
Resistance to rice blast of transgenic rice lines harboring rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2 transformed from three different expression vectors of pCB6.3kb, pCB5.3kb and pZH01-2.72kb were analyzed. Nine advanced-gene...Resistance to rice blast of transgenic rice lines harboring rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2 transformed from three different expression vectors of pCB6.3kb, pCB5.3kb and pZH01-2.72kb were analyzed. Nine advanced-generation transgenic rice lines with Pi-d2 gene displayed various resistance to 39 rice blast strains, and the highest disease-resistant frequency reached 91.7%. Four early-generation homozygous transgenic lines with Pi-d2 gene exhibited resistance to more than 81.5% of 58 rice blast strains, showing the characteristic of wide-spectrum resistance. The transgenic embryonic calli selected by the crude toxin of rice blast fungus showed that the callus induction rate of immature embryo from transgenic rice plants decreased as the concentration of crude toxin in the culture medium increased. When the concentration of crude toxin reached 40%, the callus induction rate of immature embryo from transgenic lines was 49.3%, and that of the receptor control was 5%. The disease incidence of neck blast of the transgenic rice lines in fields under induction was 0% to 50%, indicating that the rice blast resistance of transgenic rice lines is much higher than that of the receptor control.展开更多
In order to preserve virus for identifying the resistance of rice varieties against rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a simple and reliable method was developed, through which virus-free small brown planthopper （SBP...In order to preserve virus for identifying the resistance of rice varieties against rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a simple and reliable method was developed, through which virus-free small brown planthopper （SBPH） acquired rice black-streaked dwarf virus （RBSDV） from frozen infected leaves and the virus was transmitted to healthy rice plants. The experimental results showed that SBPH could obtain RBSDV from frozen infected rice leaves and the virus could be transmitted to a susceptible rice variety. For the ability to acquire RBSDV and transmit the virus to healthy plants by SBPH, there was no significant difference between frozen infected leaves and in vitro infected leaves. The novel method could be applied to identification of rice variety resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf disease, facilitating the breeding process for rice black-streaked dwarf disease resistance.展开更多
Intercropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek which grows flat along the ground can increase parasitism of the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée...Intercropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek which grows flat along the ground can increase parasitism of the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée）, a crucial insect pest of maize in China, by Trichogramma ostriniae Pang Chen. This study investigated the behavioural responses of T. ostriniae to plant volatiles emitted from whole plants, leaves, and flowers of prostrate and erect varieties of mungbean in a 4-armed olfactometer. Female parasitiods were significantly attracted to the odours from some varieties of prostrate mungbean when the visit duration and the number of visits were considered, but were not attracted to the odours from any erect varieties. The attractive odours were shown to emanate from the leaves, rather than from the flowers of prostrate mungbean plants. These results have implications for the augmentation of Trichogramma parasitoids in bio-control of O. furnacalis and other crop pests.展开更多
文摘Scientific and technological services are necessary for strengthening agriculture.Under the new situation,agricultural research institutes should give full play to their advantages,strive to innovate scientific and technological services methods,and improve scientific and technological service levels.Combined with the practice of science and technology work of Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,this paper made an in-depth analysis on the present situations and existing problems in the scientific and technological services of agricultural research institutes.Based on the analysis,it came up with recommendations including change ideological concepts,strengthening service awareness,adhering to people-oriented principle,enhancing the team building,improving mechanism construction,stimulating innovative vitality,exploring service methods,and enriching service connotation,so as to improve scientific and technological service works.
基金supported by the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairsof China(KFJJ202101)the National KeyR&D Program of China(2021YFD1400100)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972247)the Tianchi Talent Introduction Program in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China and the Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘The sugar beet cyst nematode(Heterodera schachtii) is one of the most destructive pathogens in sugar beet production, which causes serious economic losses every year. Few molecular details of effectors of H. schachtii parasitism are known. We analyzed the genome and transcriptome data of H. schachtii and identified multiple potential predicted proteins. After filtering out predicted proteins with high homology to other plant-parasitic nematodes, we performed functional validation of the remaining effector proteins. 37 putative effectors of H. schachtii were screened based on the Nicotiana benthamiana system for identifying the effectors that inhibit plant immune response, eventually determines 13 candidate effectors could inhibit cell death caused by Bax. Among the 13 effectors, nine have the ability to inhibit GPA2/RBP1-induced cell death. All 13 effectortriggered immunity(ETI) suppressor genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR and confirmed to result in a significant downregulation of one or more defense genes during infection compared to empty vector. For in situ hybridization,13 effectors were specifically expressed and located in esophageal gland cells. These data and functional analysis set the stage for further studies on the interaction of H. schachtii with host and H. schachtii parasitic control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270296)the Shenzhen Postdoctoral Scientific Research,China(77000-42100004)+1 种基金the Key Basic Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(2020BBA052)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2024A1515010498)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University,China.
文摘Sharp eyespot(Rhizoctonia cerealis)is a widespread soil-borne fungal disease that poses a severe threat to wheat health,and it is one of the main obstacles to achieving stable and high-quality wheat yields in China.Our collaborative team has developed a novel,efficient,and low-toxicity fungicide named Y17991(N-(2-(2,4-bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide).Preliminary laboratory tests confirmed the significant inhibitory effect of this agent on R.cerealis.Large-area field trials also demonstrated its efficacy,with a disease prevention index of 83.52%,which is 1.97%greater than that of the widely used thifluzamide,and it significantly increased the wheat yield.Moreover,this study explored the impacts of Y17991 on the structure and function of the microbial community in wheat rhizosphere soil.Bacterial communities were more strongly affected than fungal communities.Y17991 significantly modulated key amino acid metabolic pathways and certain biosynthetic processes in diseased wheat rhizospheres,and it also enhanced certain biosynthetic pathways and metabolic activities in healthy wheat rhizospheres.Additionally,the application of Y17991 regulated rhizosphere metabolites,thus exerting significant control over the microbial community.We identified 15 microbial strains potentially involved in the prevention and treatment of R.cerealis,and Y17991 treatment promoted the growth of Pedobacter and Bacillus strains.These strains not only aid in plant growth but they also have the potential for disease prevention.In summary,Y17991 application at a reasonable dose does not cause significant disruption to nontarget rhizosphere microbial communities.In future studies,we will continue to investigate the impacts of Y17991 on nonmicrobial components in soil ecosystems,such as protozoa and nematodes.Our research provides a theoretical basis for the scientific application and promotion of new fungicides and offers a significant reference for establishing a comprehensive system for assessing the ecological impact of pesticides on the environment.
基金received financial support from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(KQTD20180411143628272)the special funds for Science Technology Innovation and Industrial Development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District,China(PT202101-02)。
文摘The oral secretions of insect herbivores are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic solutes and enzymes that are deposited onto plant tissues during the feeding process.Some specific components of insect oral secretions have been shown to confer important functions in mediating plant–insect interactions at the molecular level.In this review,we examined the biochemical studies of insect oral secretions to summarize the current knowledge of their compositions.We then moved beyond the functional studies of components of oral secretions,and focused on the literature that pinpointed specific molecular targets of these compounds.Finally,we highlighted the investigations of oral secretion components in the context of insect physiology,which shed light on the potential evolutionary trajectory of these multi-functional molecules.
文摘World crop production requires highly-productive varieties of agricultural crops,which are resistant to pest organisms.Such varieties are also of great importance for the Uzbekistan.Their
基金supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560607)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0200802)
文摘Potato tuber moth(PTM)Phthorimaea operculella,also known as tobacco splitworm,is an important pest of tobacco plants.The knowledge on the interaction of tobacco plant volatiles and PTM behavior is limited.To clarify the effect of tobacco plant volatiles on the orientation and oviposition behaviors of PTM and to identify potential compounds for PTM control,tobacco plant volatiles were collected by headspace collection method,and volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Thirteen electrophysiological active compounds were screened by employing coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and from which nine available compounds were further verified by electroantennogram recording.cis-3-Hexen-1-ol showed significant attractant effect on the orientation behaviors of both male and female moths.Nonanal and decanal could only attract females,while octanal exhibited repellent effect on males.Oviposition selection experiment indicated that nonanal,decanal,decane and methyl hexadecanoate could stimulate the gravid females to lay more eggs,while octanal and 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylenthyl)-4-methyl phenol inhibited their oviposition.Our study added more compounds to the list that could serve as potential PTM deterrents or attractants.
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang Key Research and Development Program of China(2015C02014)the National Natural Science Foundationof China(31672050)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0200800-04)the State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest Control,China(2010DS700124-ZZ1601)
文摘Rice is an important staple food in China and it is at risk of attack by rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis, which occurs in most rice growing areas. In recent years, severe C. suppressalis outbreaks have been observed in China mainly due to changes in the rice cultivation systems, wide adoption of hybrid varieties and resistance to the dominant insecticides. Management relies primarily on chemical insecticides and resistance is an important contributing factor in these outbreaks. As a result, food safety of agricultural produce is reduced and the ecological and environmental integrities are threatened as well. Recently, environmentally friendly pest management measures, such as trap plants have been introduced for C. suppressalis management and this method can greatly reduce insecticide use. Our previous results indicated that the vetiver grass(Vetiveria zizanioides) is a dead-end trap plant that can effectively attract the adult females of C. suppressalis to lay eggs on it but where larvae are unable to complete their life cycle. This paper further explored the application of vetiver grass as a trap plant to manage C. suppressalis in the paddy fields. This environment-friendly tool can not only reduce C. suppressalis populations, it can also increase the diversity and abundance of natural enemies that can provide better environmental conditions for rice production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672050)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0200800-04)the Zhejiang Key Research and Development Program,China(2015C02014)
文摘Vetiver grass （Vetiveria zizanioides L.） was previously found to effectively attract female adults of Chilo suppressalis （Walker）, an important pest of rice. To determine the volatile compounds involved in this attraction, electroantennography （EAG） responses to seven synthetic volatiles released from vetiver plants were examined. Our results indicated that the responses of C. suppressalis adult antennae to the different compounds varied widely. The compounds elicited strong EAG responses in female antennae were subsequently selected for further EAG response tests, namely, caryophyllene, β-ocimene, linalool and a-pinene. EAG responses to a combination of these four compounds did not differ significantly from the individual compounds. However, pair combination tests indicated that 0.01μg μL-1linalool and 50 μg μL-1 α-pinene, 50 μgμL-1 caryophyllene and 0.01μg μL-1 linalool, 0.01 μg μL-1 13-ocimene and 0.01 μg μL-1 linalool, and 0.01μg μL-1 β-ocimene and 50 μg μL-1 caryophyllene elicited significantly greater EAG responses in 3-day female moths compared to the 1-day female. These compound combinations and the corresponding ratios are probably playing an important role in attracting female adults of C. suppressalis to the vetiver grass.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2017YFD0201604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571976)。
文摘Potato virus M(PVM) is one of the common and economically important potato viruses in potato-growing regions worldwide. To investigate and control this viral disease, efficient and specific detection techniques are needed. In this study, PVM virions were purified from infected potato plants and used as the immunogen to produce hybridomas secreting PVM-specific monoclonal antibodies(MAbs). Four highly specific and sensitive murine MAbs, i.e., 1 E1, 2 A5, 8 A1 and 17 G8 were prepared through a conventional hybridoma technology. Using these four MAbs, we have developed an antigen-coated plate(ACP)-ELISA, a dot-ELISA and a Tissue print-ELISA for detecting PVM infection in potato plants and tubers. PVM could be detected in infected potato plant tissue crude extracts diluted at 1:10 240(w/v, g mL^(–1)) by the dot-ELISA or at 1:163 840(w/v, g mL^(–1)) by the ACP-ELISA. The Tissue print-ELISA is the quickest and easiest assay among the three established serological assays and is more suitable for onsite large-scale sample detection. Detection results of the field-collected samples showed that PVM is currently widespread in the Yunnan and the Heilongjiang provinces in China. The field sample test results of the developed serological assays were supported by the results from RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. We consider that the newly established ACP-ELISA, dot-ELISA and Tissue print-ELISA can benefit PVM detection in potato plant and tuber samples and field epidemiological studies of PVM. These assays can also facilitate the production of virus-free seed potatoes and breeding for PVM-resistant potato cultivars, leading to the successful prevention of this potato viral disease.
基金supported by the Key Project for Breeding Genetically Modified Organisms,China(2019ZX08012004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD0300102)。
文摘Spodoptera frugiperda,the pest fall armyworm(FAW),is widespread in more than 100 countries.To date,planting insectresistant transgenic crops is one of the main control methods in its native countries.In this study we evaluated Bt-transgenic maize(Bt maize)and non-transgenic(conventional)maize and six other host plants in greenhouse pot experiments and field trials for oviposition preference by the Chinese populations of FAW.In laboratory trials,female moths preferred to oviposit on maize with no significant preference between conventional and Bt maize.However,after conventional and transgenic maize were exposed to FAW larvae and damaged,oviposition was significantly higher on transgenic maize than on the conventional one.Field trials showed that for plants less damaged at an early stage(seedling stage),oviposition of FAW on transgenic and conventional maize was significantly higher than that on wheat,sorghum,foxtail millet,peanut and soybean while showing no significant difference between transgenic or conventional maize.FAW adults mainly laid eggs on Bt maize,while the larval density and leaf damage rating or percentage of damaged plants were significantly lower than on conventional maize.Larval density and its damage on conventional maize were significantly higher than that on Bt maize and the other five hosts.Thus,maize is a highly preferred and suitable host for S.frugiperda feeding and ovipositing,and Bt maize can be used as trap crop to protect other crops.
基金Project was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of China(No.2016ZX08009003-001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFD0300706)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31571976)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(No.nycytx-001).
文摘Rice stripe mosaic virus(RSMV) is a rhabdovirus recently found in southern part of China and can cause severe reduction in rice production. To establish serological methods for RSMV epidemiological studies and to establish a control strategy for this virus, we first purified RSMV virions from infected rice plants and then used them as an immunogen to produce four RSMV-specific monoclonal antibodies(MAbs)(i.e.,1D4, 4A8, 8E4 and 11F11). With these MAbs, we have developed a highly specific and sensitive antigen-coated plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ACP-ELISA), a Dot-ELISA and a Tissue print-ELISA for rapid detections of RSMV infection in rice plants or in leafhoppers. Our results showed that RSMV can be readily detected in RSMV-infected rice plant tissue crude extracts diluted at 1:20,971,520(w/v, g/m L)through ACP-ELISA or diluted at 1:327,680(w/v, g/m L) through Dot-ELISA. Both ACP-ELISA and Dot-ELISA can also be used to detect RSMV infection in individual RSMV viruliferous leafhopper(Recilia dorsalis) homogenate diluted at 1:307,200 and 1:163,840(individual leafhopper/l L), respectively. Detection of RSMV infection in field-collected rice samples or in RSMV viruliferous leafhoppers indicated that the three serological methods can produce same results with that produced by RT-PCR(19 of the 33 rice samples and 5 of the 16 leafhoppers were RSMV-positive). We consider that the four MAbs produced in this study are very specific and sensitive, and the three new serological methods are very useful for detections of RSMV infection in rice plants or in leafhoppers and the establishment of the disease control strategies.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB126200)the AgroIndustry R&D Special Fund of China(Grant Nos.200903051 and 201003031)
文摘We evaluated the effects of rice black streak dwarf virus （RBSDV）-infested rice plants on the ecological parameters and its relevant defensive and detoxification enzymes of white-backed planthopper （WBPH） in laboratory for exploring the relationship between RBSDV and the non-vector planthopper. The results showed that nymph survival rate, female adult weight and fecundity, and egg hatchability of WBPH fed on RBSDV-infested rice plants did not markedly differ from those on healthy plants, whereas the female adult longevity and egg duration significantly shortened on diseased plants. Furthermore, significantly higher activities of defensive enzymes （dismutase, catalase and peroxidase） and detoxification enzymes （acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase） were found in WBPH adults fed on infected plants. Results implied that infestation by RBSDV increased the ecological fitness of non-vector planthopper population.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB951503)
文摘It is predicted that the current atmospheric CO2 concentration will be doubled and global mean temperature will increase by 1.5-6＆#176;C by the end of this century. Although a number of studies have addressed the separate effects of CO2 and temperature on plant-insect interactions, few have concerned with their combined impacts. In the current study, a factorial experiment was carried out to examine the effect of a doubling CO2 concentration and a 3℃ temperature increase on a complete generation of the brown planthopper （Nilaparvata lugens） on rice （Oryza sativa）. Both elevated CO2 and temperature increased rice stem height and biomass of stem parts. Leaf chlorophyll content increased under elevated CO2, but only in ambient temperature treatment. Water content of stem parts was reduced under elevated temperature, but only when coupled with elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 alone increased biomass of root and elevated temperature alone enhanced leaf area and reduced ratio of root to stem parts. Brown planthopper （BPH） nymphal development was accelerated, and weight of and honeydew excretion by the F1 adults was reduced under elevated temperature only. Longevity of brachypterous females was affected by a signiifcant interaction between CO2 and temperature. At elevated temperature, CO2 had no effect on female longevity, but at ambient temperature, the females lived shorter under elevated CO2. Female fecundity was higher at elevated than at ambient temperature and higher at elevated CO2 than at ambient CO2. These results indicate that the combined effects of elevated temperature and CO2 may enhance the brown planthopper population size.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (200903051 and 200803003)
文摘Understanding the temperature affecting parasitic efficiency is critical to succeed in utilizing parasitoid as natural enemy in pest management. Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the effects of temperature on parasitoid preference of female Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang （Hymenoptera：Mymaridae） to the eggs of whitebacked planthopper （WBPH）, Sogatella furcifera Horváth and brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens Stl to build a composite model describing changes in parasitic response along a temperature gradient （18, 22, 26, 30, 34°C）. The results showed that attack responses of A. nilaparvatae on WBPH and BPH were the best described by a Type II functional response. The two parameters, attack rates （a） and handling times （Th）, of A. nilaparvatae to both eggs were influenced by the temperature. The maximum attack rates to WBPH （1.235） and BPH （1.049） were at 26 and 34°C, respectively, and the shortest handling times to WBPH （0.063） and BPH （0.057） were at 30 and 26°C, respectively. However, the optimal temperature for parasitic efficiency of A. nilaparvatae to WBPH and BPH eggs was both at 26°C, which showed that the present microclimate temperature of the habitat in the paddyfield was beneficial to A. nilaparvatae and indicated that parasitic efficiency of A. nilaparvatae would be impaired by global warming.
文摘One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper （SBPH） （Laodelphax striatellus Fallen） by the modified seedbox screening test. Twenty-five rice accessions with different levels of resistance to SBPH were detected, accounting for 18.1% of the total accessions, which included 2 highly resistant, 9 resistant and 14 moderately resistant varieties. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice was more susceptible to SBPH. Antixenosis test, antibiosis test and correlation analysis were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanism. The resistant check Rathu Heenati （RHT）, highly resistant varieties Mudgo and Kasalath, and resistant variety IR36 expressed strong antixenosis and antibiosis against SBPH, indicating the close relationship between resistance level and these two resistance mechanisms in the four rice varieties. Antibiosis was the dominant resistance pattern in the resistant varieties Daorenqiao and Yangmaogu due to their high antibiosis but low antixenosis. Dular, ASD7 and Milyang 23 had relatively strong antixenosis and antibiosis, indicating the two resistance mechanisms were significant in these three varieties. The resistant DV85 expressed relatively high level of antixenosis but low antibiosis, whereas Zhaiyeqing 8 and Guiyigu conferred only moderate antibiosis and antixenosis to SBPH, suggesting tolerance in these three varieties. Antibiosis and antixenosis governed the resistance to SBPH in the moderately resistant accession 9311. Antixenosis was the main resistance type in V20A. Tolerance was considered to be an important resistance mechanism in Minghui 63 and Yangjing 9538 due to their poor antibiosis and antixenosis resistance. The above accessions with strong antibiosis or antixenosis were the ideal materials for the resistance breeding.
基金the Hunan Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2019JJ30014)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31872932 and 31571981)Agriculture Research System of China(Grant No.CARS-23-D-02)。
文摘Plant viruses are mainly transmitted by insect vectors in the non-persistent,semi-persistent,or persistent modes.In the non-persistent mode,plant viruses are retained in the stylets of their insect vectors.In the semi-persistent mode,plant viruses are carried to vector foreguts or salivary glands,but they cannot spread to salivary glands.In the persistent mode,plant viruses are retained in vector guts and can spread to salivary glands.In the non-persistent and semi-persistent modes,plant viruses are retained for a short time and cannot enter the hemolymph of insect vectors,whereas in the persistent mode,plant viruses are retained for a relatively long time and can be found in the hemolymph.Here,we reviewed recent studies that uncovered molecular mechanisms of how plant viruses manipulate host traits for efficient transmission by insect vectors.Normally,plants that are infected with viruses,regardless of the transmission mode,tend to release more attractive volatiles to vectors.However,plant defensive systems are regulated differently by viruses in these three modes.In the non-persistent mode,virus infections significantly induce plant defense responses,which probably trigger vectors(e.g.,winged aphids)to disperse and transmit viruses in a short time.In the semi-persistent mode,virus infections frequently suppress plant defense responses,resulting in an increase of vector population and facilitating viral transmissions during vector outbreaks.In the persistent mode,virus infections reduce plant defense responses and manipulate plant traits to become suitable feeding sites in a relatively long period of time.Understanding the underlying mechanisms of virus–vector–plant interactions will lay a foundation for preventing virus transmission.
基金supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No.2008AA10Z404)the special fund for the institute of commonweal scientific research in China (No. 628-16)
文摘The effects of different phosphate-amendments on lead （Pb） uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the level of malondialdehyde （MDA） in cauliflower （Brassica oleracea L.） in contaminated soils with 2500, or 5000 mg P2O5/kg soil of hydroxyapatite （HA）, phosphate rock （PR）, single-superphosphate （SSP） and the mix of HA/SSP （HASSP） were evaluated in pot experiments. Results showed that the Pb concentrations in shoots and roots decreased by 18.3%-51.6% and 16.8%-57.3% among the treatments respectively compared to the control samples. The efficiency order of these phosphate-amendments in reducing Pb uptake was as follows： HASSP= HA 〉 SSP ,= PR. With the addition of SSP, HA and the mix of HA/SSP, the SOD activity in shoot was reduced markedly （P 〈 0.05） compared with that in the control group. For example, the SOD activities in shoot by the treatments of HASSP, SSP, and HA in 5000 mg P2O5/kg were found to be only 51.3%, 56.2%, and 56.7%, respectively. Similar effects were also observed on the level of MDA in the shoots with a decrease in 24.5%-56.3%. The results verified the inference that phosphate compounds could be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in the plant vegetated in Pb-contaminated soils.
基金supported by the Program for Supporting New-century Excellent Talents of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. NCET-04-0907)the Program for Supporting Development of Innovative Research Teams of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. IRT0453)the Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 2008JY0023-1)
文摘Resistance to rice blast of transgenic rice lines harboring rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2 transformed from three different expression vectors of pCB6.3kb, pCB5.3kb and pZH01-2.72kb were analyzed. Nine advanced-generation transgenic rice lines with Pi-d2 gene displayed various resistance to 39 rice blast strains, and the highest disease-resistant frequency reached 91.7%. Four early-generation homozygous transgenic lines with Pi-d2 gene exhibited resistance to more than 81.5% of 58 rice blast strains, showing the characteristic of wide-spectrum resistance. The transgenic embryonic calli selected by the crude toxin of rice blast fungus showed that the callus induction rate of immature embryo from transgenic rice plants decreased as the concentration of crude toxin in the culture medium increased. When the concentration of crude toxin reached 40%, the callus induction rate of immature embryo from transgenic lines was 49.3%, and that of the receptor control was 5%. The disease incidence of neck blast of the transgenic rice lines in fields under induction was 0% to 50%, indicating that the rice blast resistance of transgenic rice lines is much higher than that of the receptor control.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(Grant No.2010CB126203)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(Grant No. 201003031)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.BK2009325 and BK2010018)
文摘In order to preserve virus for identifying the resistance of rice varieties against rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a simple and reliable method was developed, through which virus-free small brown planthopper （SBPH） acquired rice black-streaked dwarf virus （RBSDV） from frozen infected leaves and the virus was transmitted to healthy rice plants. The experimental results showed that SBPH could obtain RBSDV from frozen infected rice leaves and the virus could be transmitted to a susceptible rice variety. For the ability to acquire RBSDV and transmit the virus to healthy plants by SBPH, there was no significant difference between frozen infected leaves and in vitro infected leaves. The novel method could be applied to identification of rice variety resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf disease, facilitating the breeding process for rice black-streaked dwarf disease resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (39770513)the Coop-erative Research Project between the National Crop Ex-periment Station, Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea and the Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
文摘Intercropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek which grows flat along the ground can increase parasitism of the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée）, a crucial insect pest of maize in China, by Trichogramma ostriniae Pang Chen. This study investigated the behavioural responses of T. ostriniae to plant volatiles emitted from whole plants, leaves, and flowers of prostrate and erect varieties of mungbean in a 4-armed olfactometer. Female parasitiods were significantly attracted to the odours from some varieties of prostrate mungbean when the visit duration and the number of visits were considered, but were not attracted to the odours from any erect varieties. The attractive odours were shown to emanate from the leaves, rather than from the flowers of prostrate mungbean plants. These results have implications for the augmentation of Trichogramma parasitoids in bio-control of O. furnacalis and other crop pests.
