The present article is a review study on the types of rare earth elements(REEs),environmental and biological effects as well as the sources of emission of these elements as pollution in nature.The purpose of this stud...The present article is a review study on the types of rare earth elements(REEs),environmental and biological effects as well as the sources of emission of these elements as pollution in nature.The purpose of this study is to provide a vision in environmental planning and control of pollution caused by REEs.The evaluation of rare earth elements was studied in human life and its environmental and biological effects,which have particular importance and are entering the life cycle through industrial and mining pollution sources.Since mining activities intensify the dispersion of these elements in the environment and the existence of industrial factories located around urban drainage system plays a unique role in creating and spreading pollution caused by rare earth elements;As a result,two case studies were conducted on two mining and industrial areas.The first case is the Choghart mine in Yazd province as an example of mining pollution,and the second case study is performed on the Kor river as an example of industrial pollution which is caused by industrial activities around it,Then the results are well explained to show both two environments of litho and hydro.Due to this fact that produced environmental pollution can cause exchange pollutant compounds with the surrounding environment besides its long-lasting destructive effects;It can cause irreversible biological effects on living organisms.By targeting this evaluation,several techniques can be proposed to prevent the entry and dispersal of rare earth elements from pollution sources besides methods to reduce the damage of these elements to the ecosystem.展开更多
Advances in photogrammetry have eased the acquisition of high-resolution digital information from outcrops, enabling faster, non-destructive data capturing and improved reservoir modeling. Geocellular models for flow ...Advances in photogrammetry have eased the acquisition of high-resolution digital information from outcrops, enabling faster, non-destructive data capturing and improved reservoir modeling. Geocellular models for flow dynamics with in the virtual outcrop in siliciclastic deposits at different sets of sandstone facies architecture remain, however, a challenge. Digital maps of bedding, lithological contrast, spatial-temporal variations of bedding and permeability characteristics make it more easy to understand flow tortuosity in a particular architecture. An ability to precisely model these properties can improve reservoir characterization and flow modeling at different scales. Here we demonstrate the construction of realistic 2 D sandstone facies based models for a pragmatic simulation of flow dynamics using a combination of digital point clouds dataset acquired from LiDAR and field investigation of the Sandakan Formation, Sabah, Borneo.Additionally, we present methods for enhancing the accuracy of outcrop digital datasets for producing high resolution flow simulation. A well-exposed outcrop from the Sandakan Formation, Sabah, northwest Borneo having a lateral extent of 750 m was chosen in order to implement our research approach. Sandstone facies and its connectivity are well constrained by outcrop observations, data from air-permeability measurements, bilinear interpolation of permeability, grid construction and water vector analysis for flow dynamics.These proportions were then enumerated in terms of static digital outcrop model(DOM) and facies model based on sandstone facies bedding characteristics. Flow simulation of water vector analysis through each of the four sandstone facies types show persistent spatial correlation of permeability that align with either cross-bedded orientation or straight with more dispersion high quality sandstone(porosity 21.25%-41.2%and permeability 1265.20-5986.25 mD) and moderate quality sandstone(porosity 10.44%-28.75% and permeability 21.44-1023.33 mD). Whereas, in more heterolithic sandstone(wavy-to flaser-bedded and bioturbated sandstone), lateral variations in permeability show spatially non-correlated patterns over centimeters to tens of meters with mostly of low quality sandstone(porosity 3.4%-12.31% and permeability < 1 mD to 3.21 mD). These variations reflect the lateral juxtaposition in flow dynamics. It has also been resulted that the vertical connectivity and heterogeneities in terms of flow are mostly pragmatic due to the interconnected sandstone rather than the quality of sandstone.展开更多
CTD data obtained from two oceanographic cruises during June and October 2012 were used to define the water mass characteristics and degree of stratification at the shallow Sunda shelf located at the southern South Ch...CTD data obtained from two oceanographic cruises during June and October 2012 were used to define the water mass characteristics and degree of stratification at the shallow Sunda shelf located at the southern South China Sea. The water masses during both cruises showed characteristics similar (southwest monsoon) to those observed in the adjacent regions. A clustering method was used in which three water masses were classified from the composite dataset. There are WM1 (T 29°C - 31°C, S 32 - 33.5 psu, & σT, ~19.5 - 20.7 kg/m3), WM2 (T 25°C - 29°C, S 32.8 - 33.8 psu, & σT, ~22.3 - 23 kg/m3) and WM3 (T 23°C - 25°C, S33.5 - 34.0, & σT ~22.3 - 23.3 kg/m3). Even though the water masses found were characterized under southwest monsoon characteristics, the degrees of stratification obtained varied between these cruises. The stability of the stratification also plays roles in the distribution of the water masses in the water column. WM2 was found in thermocline layer and most dominant in June compared to in October. In June, WM3 was found under the thermocline layer and absent in October. The stable thermocline caused the denser WM3 cannot mixed with WM2. Higher temperatures and weaker winds during June may have caused the strong stratification, while decreasing temperature and stronger winds of an upcoming northeast monsoon enhanced the vertical mixing during October.展开更多
This study aims to report baseline soil nutrients, specifically the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus profile, in soil samples collected from Puntta Fort William on Greenwich Island in maritime Antarctic. Sample...This study aims to report baseline soil nutrients, specifically the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus profile, in soil samples collected from Puntta Fort William on Greenwich Island in maritime Antarctic. Samples were collected along two transect lines during the early summer of 2008. Ward＇s method of hierarchical agglomerative clustering was employed to group the sampling points based on their physico-chemical properties. In this context, the soil samples can be grouped into three major clus- ters： （1） Samples with intensive biological activities, （2） samples from the area recently exposed by glacial retreat and （3） samples from barren and dried areas. Nutrient contents in Punta Fort William are driven by the intensity of biological activities as well as melt water from the Qnito glacier.展开更多
Geochemical sediment of the tropical Pinang River, Malaysia was carried out with the aim at documenting elemental concentrations and pollution level assessment. Concentration of selected heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, ...Geochemical sediment of the tropical Pinang River, Malaysia was carried out with the aim at documenting elemental concentrations and pollution level assessment. Concentration of selected heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and Mn), rare earth elements, TOC and grain size distribution of sediments were determined at 100 m sampling interval along the river. Sediment size showed a positive correlation with ∑REE and Mn and medium correlations with TOC, Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb contents showing enrichment in the clay size fraction. Results of enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index showed that most of the elemental sources were natural (especially REE) and mostly likely represented background values. However, pollution load index revealed the higher levels of Cr, Cd, Zn and Pb, and, therefore, indicating to the anthropogenic sources (i.e. fishing activities) especially in the downstream locations. Thus, the Pinang River is classified as moderately to highly polluted.展开更多
The El Ni?o Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is a natural phenomenon that relates to the fluctuation of temperatures over the Pacific Ocean. The ENSO significantly affects the ocean dynamics including upwelling event and co...The El Ni?o Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is a natural phenomenon that relates to the fluctuation of temperatures over the Pacific Ocean. The ENSO significantly affects the ocean dynamics including upwelling event and coastal front. A recent study discovered the seasonal upwelling in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPM), which is significant to the fishery industry in this region. Thus, it is vital to have a better understanding of the influence of ENSO towards the coastal upwelling and thermal front in the ECPM. The sea surface temperature(SST) data achieved from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) aboard Aqua satellite are used in this study to observe the SST changes from 2005 to 2015. However, due to cloud cover issue, a reconstruction of data set is applied to MODIS data using the data interpolating empirical orthogonal function(DINEOF) to fill in the missing gap in the dataset based on spatial and temporal available data. Besides, a wavelet transformation analysis is done to determine the temperature fluctuation throughout the time series. The DINEOF results show the coastal upwelling in the ECPM develops in July and reaches its peak in August with a clear cold water patch off the coast. There is also a significant change of SST distribution during the El Ni?o years which weaken the coastal upwelling event along the ECPM. The wavelet transformation analysis shows the highest temperature fluctuation is in 2009–2010 which indicates the strongest El Ni?o throughout the time period. It is suggested that the El Ni?o is favourable for the stratification in water column thus it is weakening the upwelling and thermal frontal zone formation in ECPM waters.展开更多
This paper explores the dynamic of meteorological forcing on current circulation pattern in the vicinity of Bidong using an unstructured flexible mesh hydrodynamic model. The forcings were wind, tides, temperature and...This paper explores the dynamic of meteorological forcing on current circulation pattern in the vicinity of Bidong using an unstructured flexible mesh hydrodynamic model. The forcings were wind, tides, temperature and salinity. The seasonal wind monsoon, mixed tides with dominant diurnal and tropical monsoon climate is characteristics of Bidong Island. We find that this area has different current circulation patterns in response to monsoon changes. It also experienced a small scale of island wake during NE monsoon. This island wake was generated by a strong northeasterly wind. We performed a series of numerical simulations based on three dominant factors in circulation, and evaluated the model using wind, tides and density. We investigated the wind-driven circulation and residual current. This study contributes to the debates on hydrodynamic of current circulation in vicinity of Bidong Island. Specifically, this study was conducted to understand the changes of currents by seasonal wind (NE monsoon and SW monsoon), temperature and salinity.展开更多
Using literature published from 2010 onwards, this study investigates the ~3 500 km extension of the shallow shelf current in the South China Sea(SCS) during the winter and summer monsoons. This current is later ackno...Using literature published from 2010 onwards, this study investigates the ~3 500 km extension of the shallow shelf current in the South China Sea(SCS) during the winter and summer monsoons. This current is later acknowledged as the South China Sea shallow shelf Current(SCSSC). This current is primarily driven by monsoonal winds, and influenced by regional river plumes [Zhujiang(Pearl) River, Hong River, Mekong River] and the prominent South China Sea Warm Current(SCSWC) and South China Sea Western Boundary Current(SCSWBC). The current exhibits significant seasonal variations in both direction and pattern. During winter, it flows along the northern South China Sea's(NSCS) shelf and splits into two branches at the east of Hainan Island. One branch enters the Beibu Gulf through the Qiongzhou Strait and forms a major cyclonic circulation within the gulf, while the other branch flows southwestward along the southern coast of Hainan Island. These branches converge around 16°N latitude at the east of the Vietnamese shelf, then flow southward along the Sunda Shelf, where they deflect southwestward in “broadband”forms before curving southeastward along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPM) and exiting via the Karimata Strait. In summer, the current exhibits a complex pattern. At the Sunda Shelf, it flows northwestward along the ECPM,then deflects northeastward around 6°N latitude, forming the Sunda Shelf's anti-cyclonic eddy(SSE) and causing upwelling on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPMU). Near the eastern Vietnamese shelf, the current splits around 11°-12°N latitude into three distinct currents: the southward-flowing Vietnam Current, the northward-flowing Vietnam Meandering Current(VMC), and the southward-flowing SCSWBC. The VMC flows northward and then deflects northeastward south of Hainan Island, continuing northeastward along the NSCS's shelf and exiting through the Taiwan Strait.展开更多
Upwelling off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (PM) was detected from recent cruise data collected during the southwest monsoon. Thermocline lifting was observed at 104?E from a number of parallel transects. To c...Upwelling off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (PM) was detected from recent cruise data collected during the southwest monsoon. Thermocline lifting was observed at 104?E from a number of parallel transects. To confirm the presence of upwelling, satellite remote sensing data were used, and numerical model experiments were conducted. A cooler sea-surface temperature along the coast was spotted from both in-situ and satellite data while upward movement from the model agreed with field data. The southwesterly wind that blows along PM from June to September is believed to be the important mechanism that contributed to this upwelling through an Ekman dynamics process.展开更多
The effects of tidal currents(i.e., barotropic and internal tides) are important in the biogeochemistry of a coastal shelf sea. The high-frequency of currents and near-bottom temperatures collected in three consecutiv...The effects of tidal currents(i.e., barotropic and internal tides) are important in the biogeochemistry of a coastal shelf sea. The high-frequency of currents and near-bottom temperatures collected in three consecutive southwest monsoon seasons(May, June, July and August of 2013 until 2015) is presented to reveal the role of the tidal currents to the temperature variability in the coastal shelf sea of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPM),south of the South China Sea(SCS). The results of a spectral density and harmonic analysis demonstrate that the near-bottom temperature variability and the tidal currents are influenced by diurnal(O_1 and K_1) and semidiurnal(M_2) tidal currents. The spectral density of residual currents(detided data) at 5, 10 and 16 m depth also shows significant peaks at the diurnal tidal frequency(K_1) and small peaks at the semidiurnal tidal frequency(M_2)indicating the existence of internal tides. The result of the horizontal kinetic energy(HKE) shows a strong intermittent energy of internal tides in the ECPM with the strongest energy is found at 16 m depth during a sporadic cooling event in June and July. A high horizontal cross-shore heat flux(16 m) also indicates strong intrusions of cooler water into the ECPM in June and July. During the short duration of cold pulse water observed in June and July, a cross-wavelet analysis also reveals the strong relationship between the near-bottom temperatures and the internal tidal currents at the diurnal tidal frequency. The intrusion of this cooler water is probably related to the monsoon-induced upwelling in June. It is loosely interpreted that the interaction between the strong barotropic tides and the steep slope in the central basin of the SCS under the stratified condition in southwest monsoon has generated these internal tides. The dissipation of internal tides from the slope area probably has driven the cold-upwelled water into the ECPM coastal shelf sea when the upwelling intensity is the highest in June and July.展开更多
Heavy metal concentrations in muscle and their relation to thegrowth of two marine fish species,including tonguefish( Cynoglossus arel) and mullet( Mugil cephalus),were studied. The samples were collected in Bach Dang...Heavy metal concentrations in muscle and their relation to thegrowth of two marine fish species,including tonguefish( Cynoglossus arel) and mullet( Mugil cephalus),were studied. The samples were collected in Bach Dang estuary andconcentrations of heavy metals( As,Cd,Co,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,and V) in muscle of the fisheswere determined. The result showed that the accumulated trend of heavy metal is different between fish species. The concentration of As,Zn,Mn,V,Cu,Pb,Co and Cd in tonguefish were 73. 7 ± 30. 6,22. 82 ± 4.87,3. 44 ± 2. 13,1. 61 ± 0. 15,0. 71 ± 0. 13,0. 45 ± 0. 24,0. 03 ± 0. 02 and 0. 02 ± 0. 02 mg·g-1,respectively. Meanwhile the concentration of Zn,As,V,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co and Cd in mullet were 83. 41 ±19. 68,9. 78 ± 1. 92,1. 36 ± 0. 54,1. 29 ± 0. 51,0. 65 ± 0. 12,0. 42 ± 0. 20,0. 06 ± 0. 03 and0. 03 ± 0. 01mg·g-1,respectively. Comparison of metal levels among thesespecies indicated that the concentrations of As and Mn in tonguefish were significantly higher than those in mullet,whereas Zn levels in mullet were found to be higher than that in tonguefish. There is no significant differences of Cd,Co,Cu,Pb and V levels in muscle between two species. Significant inversed relationshipsbetween concentration levels of metals and lengths of tonguefish were found for Mn,Cu and Zn,butnot for As,Cd,Pb,and V. There were no significant relationships between the heavy metal concentrations and the length of mullet. In general,decreasesof the heavy metal concentrations corresponded to the increases of fish body lengths,particularly for As,Co,Cu,Mn and V and the exception for Cd. Terefore reduced risks were associated with consuming biggermullet fish,and increased risks of As and Cd were associated with consuming bigger tonguefish in Bach Dang river mouth.展开更多
The thermal front in the oceanic system is believed to have a significant effect on biological activity.During an era of climate change,changes in heat regulation between the atmosphere and oceanic interior can alter ...The thermal front in the oceanic system is believed to have a significant effect on biological activity.During an era of climate change,changes in heat regulation between the atmosphere and oceanic interior can alter the characteristics of this important feature.Using the simulation results of the 3D Regional Ocean Modelling System(ROMS),we identified the location of thermal fronts and determined their dynamic variability in the area between the southern Andaman Sea and northern Malacca Strait.The Single Image Edge Detection(SIED)algorithm was used to detect the thermal front from model-derived temperature.Results show that a thermal front occurred every year from 2002 to 2012 with the temperature gradient at the location of the front was 0.3°C/km.Compared to the years affected by El Ni?o and negative Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),the normal years(e.g.,May 2003)show the presence of the thermal front at every selected depth(10,25,50,and 75 m),whereas El Ni?o and negative IOD during 2010 show the presence of the thermal front only at depth of 75 m due to greater warming,leading to the thermocline deepening and enhanced stratification.During May 2003,the thermal front was separated by cooler SST in the southern Andaman Sea and warmer SST in the northern Malacca Strait.The higher SST in the northern Malacca Strait was believed due to the besieged Malacca Strait,which trapped the heat and make it difficult to release while higher chlorophyll a in Malacca Strait is due to the freshwater conduit from nearby rivers(Klang,Langat,Perak,and Selangor).Furthermore,compared to the southern Andaman Sea,the chlorophyll a in the northern Malacca Strait is easier to reach the surface area due to the shallower thermocline,which allows nutrients in the area to reach the surface faster.展开更多
Shoreline change analysis frequently begins with feature identification through visual interpretation(proxy-based shoreline)or the intersection of a specific tidal zone(datum-based shoreline).Using proxy-based shoreli...Shoreline change analysis frequently begins with feature identification through visual interpretation(proxy-based shoreline)or the intersection of a specific tidal zone(datum-based shoreline).Using proxy-based shoreline information,this study quantifies the distance between proxy-based and datum-based shoreline data,which is defined as the proxydatum bias.The study was conducted at meso-tidal beaches in Kuala Nerus,Terengganu,Malaysia,with morphodynamic responses to northeast and southwest monsoons.The high-water line(HWL)shoreline(proxy-based)was determined using ortho-rectified aerial images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).By contrast,the mean high-water(MHW)shoreline(datum-based)was determined using measured beach profiles adjusted with the Peninsular Malaysia Geodetic Vertical Datum(DTGSM).The theoretical proxy-datum bias was approximated using the best estimate(median)for the beach slope,wave height,and wave period from the estimated total water level(TWL)model.Based on the study,the recorded horizontal proxy-datum bias for the research area was up to 32 m.This study also discovered that the theoretical assumption of the proxy-datum bias based on the TWL model yields values comparable to those of the measurements,with a narrower distinction in bias for steeper beach slopes than the obtained results.The determined proxydatum bias value can benefit future shoreline change studies as it could be incorporated to either proxy-based shorelines by shifting the shoreline seaward or to datum-based shorelines by shifting the shoreline landward in order of the bias value.The seasonal monsoon’s effect on beach profiles should be considered when calculating bias values and conducting potential shoreline change rate studies.展开更多
Variety in video sampling protocol for coral reef survey worldwide has prompted this study to?create an optimized protocol for Coral Video Transect (CVT) technique for coral reef survey in Malaysia. The effect of diff...Variety in video sampling protocol for coral reef survey worldwide has prompted this study to?create an optimized protocol for Coral Video Transect (CVT) technique for coral reef survey in Malaysia. The effect of different vertical distance of the camera above the substrate during video recording, number of frames and points analyzed as well as time spent during field and analysis were examined to determine an optimal protocol for CVT technique at different coral reef conditions in Malaysia’s water. Video recording taken at 0.5 m camera distance was selected as optimize vertical distance above the substrate as it can identify more benthic categories than 1.0 m with lesser time taken as well as frames extracted than 0.2 m. Respectively, 80% of total frames extracted from 20 m transect and analyzed with 50 points per frames were chosen as an optimized sample size for its ability to precisely estimate percent cover and accurately identify benthic categories.?This optimized protocol was then compared with Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. No clear difference in estimating percentage cover of major benthic categories between CVT and LIT method, but CVT recorded a significantly higher number of benthic categories with lesser time spent during field survey as compared to LIT method. This implied that the optimize CVT method can precisely estimate percent cover and accurately identify benthic categories in coral communities and are thus more suitable for scientific research and management purposes than LIT method. Other advantages of using this technique are by providing a permanent data that can be reassessed later on, lesser field time and wider survey area. Overall, this study showed that CVT technique is an acceptable alternative method of coral reef survey in Malaysia.展开更多
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:medium;white-space:normal;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;font-size:medium;white-space:normal;"> <span lan...<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:medium;white-space:normal;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;font-size:medium;white-space:normal;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Distribution patterns of selected heavy metals content in sediments from the Bay of Quiberon and Gulf of Morbihan were studied to understand the current heavy metals contamination due to urbanization and mariculture activities in the coastal area. Therefore, a survey was conducted and 196 sediments collected were characterized for heavy metals content using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after mix acid digestion process. The distribution maps of the concentrations of the heavy metals studied were produced as an isopleth map based on data interpolation by the ArcGIS software application. The association with the adverse effects on aquatic organisms was determined by the classification of the sediment according to the sediment quality guidelines. Therefore, two approaches were employed namely: direct comparison with Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) by USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) and comparison with other numerical SQGs, threshold effect level/probable effect level, and effect range low/effect range medium. In order to estimate the effect of multiple contaminations of heavy metals, the mean-ERM-quotient was calculated at each sampling point.<o:p></o:p> <span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> <div style="text-align:justify;">展开更多
Alteration minerals and silicification are typically associated with a variety of ore mineralizations and could be detected using multispectral remote sensing sensors as indicators for mineral exploration.In this inve...Alteration minerals and silicification are typically associated with a variety of ore mineralizations and could be detected using multispectral remote sensing sensors as indicators for mineral exploration.In this investigation,the Visible Near-Infra-Red(VNIR),Short-Wave Infra-Red(SWIR),and Thermal Infra-Red(TIR)bands of the ASTER satellite sensor derived layers were fused to detect alteration minerals and silicification in east the Kerdous inlier for cupriferous mineralization exploration.Several image processing techniques were executed in the present investigation,namely,Band Ratio(BR),Selective Principal Component Analysis(SPCA)and Constrained Energy Minimization(CEM)techniques.Initially,the BR and SPCA processing results revealed several alteration zones,including argillic,phyllic,dolomitization and silicification as well as iron oxides and hydroxides.Then,these zones were mapped at sub-pixel level using the CEM technique.Pyrophyllite,kaolinite,dolomite,illite,muscovite,montmorillonite,topaz and hematite were revealed displaying a significant distribution in relation with the eastern Amlen region lithological units and previously detected mineral potential zones using HyMap imaging spectroscopy.Mainly,a close spatial association between iron oxides and hydroxide minerals,argillic,and phyllic alteration was detected,as well as a strong silicification was detected around doleritic dykes unit in Jbel Lkest area.A weighted overlay approach was used in the integration of hydrothermal alteration minerals and silicification,which allowed the elaboration of a new mineral alteration map of study area with five alteration intensities.ASTER and the various employed processing techniques allowed a practical and cost effective mapping of alteration features,which corroborates well with field survey and X-ray diffraction analysis.Therefore,ASTER data and the employed processing techniques offers a practical approach for mineral prospection in comparable settings.展开更多
1.Introduction The scope of Advances in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Research journal covers a variety of geology and environmental earth sciences.This journal is preparing to rivet a diversity of research ...1.Introduction The scope of Advances in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Research journal covers a variety of geology and environmental earth sciences.This journal is preparing to rivet a diversity of research and support the Earth in the imminent future.The achievements of articles presented in this volume are summarized in the following section.展开更多
1.Introduction Earth scientists aid to guarantee a supply of clean water,explore for oil,gas,and coal,map the oceans,track severe weather,and discover the Earth materials we need to build our homes and roads,and...1.Introduction Earth scientists aid to guarantee a supply of clean water,explore for oil,gas,and coal,map the oceans,track severe weather,and discover the Earth materials we need to build our homes and roads,and the minerals and nutrients we need to farm the land.Environmental geologists help prevent and repair damage to our nation’s wetlands,streams,rivers,and shorelines.展开更多
1.Introduction Recently,the name of Journal of Geological Research has been changed to“Advances in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Research”.The scope of this journal covering all disciplines of earth scienc...1.Introduction Recently,the name of Journal of Geological Research has been changed to“Advances in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Research”.The scope of this journal covering all disciplines of earth sciences and geotechnical engineering research.This journal aims at pioneering research techniques and analysis and is dedicated to deliver theoretical and practical practices for who are engaging in earth sciences and geotechnical engineering research.The journal has been already indexed in Google Scholar,Crossref,CNKI Scholar,MyScienceWork,National Library Board of Singapore,WorldCat,Scilit,BASE,J-Gate,and CiteFactor.展开更多
1 The unique ocean forecasting system (OFS) based on FIO-COM The OFS is based on the surface wave-tide-circulation coupled ocean model developed by the First Institute of Oceanography (FIO-COM), Ministry of Natural Re...1 The unique ocean forecasting system (OFS) based on FIO-COM The OFS is based on the surface wave-tide-circulation coupled ocean model developed by the First Institute of Oceanography (FIO-COM), Ministry of Natural Resources, China. The half-century challenge that ocean circulation models must address is that the forecasting/simulated sea surface temperature overheats while the sub-surface temperature is too cold, especially during the summer. Qiao et al.(2004, 2010, 2016) found that the non-breaking surface wave can generate turbulence through wave-turbulence interaction, and they developed the wave-induced mixing theory, which has been confirmed by observations, laboratory experiments and model numerical simulations. As validated by ocean circulation models from various research groups, including Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) in the US (Fan and Griffies, 2014), Uppsala University of Sweden (Wu et al., 2015), Laboratoire d’Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiale (LEGOS) in France (Malek and Babanin, 2014), Budapest University of Technology and Economics in Hungary (Peter and Kramer, 2016) and the Ocean University of China (Lin et al., 2006), the non-breaking surface waveinduced vertical mixing (Bv) can always dramatically improve the simulation capacity of various ocean circulation models. The First Institute of Oceanography (FIO) research group found that tidal-induced mixing plays a key role in the formation of coastal upwelling, in the bottom mixed layer and in areas with sea mounts (Lv et al., 2006, 2008). With the above breakthroughs, the first surface wavetide-circulation coupled model of FIO-COM was developed in 2013. It was adopted to produce a reanalysis dataset for the period of January 2014 to April 2016, and it has been used for the operational OFS since May 2016. A highly efficient parallel scheme was designed to use the full capacity of Taihu Light with 10 649 600 CPU cores (Qiao et al., 2016), which earned a finalist nomination for the international Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Gordon Bell Prize.展开更多
文摘The present article is a review study on the types of rare earth elements(REEs),environmental and biological effects as well as the sources of emission of these elements as pollution in nature.The purpose of this study is to provide a vision in environmental planning and control of pollution caused by REEs.The evaluation of rare earth elements was studied in human life and its environmental and biological effects,which have particular importance and are entering the life cycle through industrial and mining pollution sources.Since mining activities intensify the dispersion of these elements in the environment and the existence of industrial factories located around urban drainage system plays a unique role in creating and spreading pollution caused by rare earth elements;As a result,two case studies were conducted on two mining and industrial areas.The first case is the Choghart mine in Yazd province as an example of mining pollution,and the second case study is performed on the Kor river as an example of industrial pollution which is caused by industrial activities around it,Then the results are well explained to show both two environments of litho and hydro.Due to this fact that produced environmental pollution can cause exchange pollutant compounds with the surrounding environment besides its long-lasting destructive effects;It can cause irreversible biological effects on living organisms.By targeting this evaluation,several techniques can be proposed to prevent the entry and dispersal of rare earth elements from pollution sources besides methods to reduce the damage of these elements to the ecosystem.
基金Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknology PETRONAS and Petroliam Nasional Berhad, Malaysia Oil and Gas Company for funding this research project (YUTP cost # 0153AA-E79)
文摘Advances in photogrammetry have eased the acquisition of high-resolution digital information from outcrops, enabling faster, non-destructive data capturing and improved reservoir modeling. Geocellular models for flow dynamics with in the virtual outcrop in siliciclastic deposits at different sets of sandstone facies architecture remain, however, a challenge. Digital maps of bedding, lithological contrast, spatial-temporal variations of bedding and permeability characteristics make it more easy to understand flow tortuosity in a particular architecture. An ability to precisely model these properties can improve reservoir characterization and flow modeling at different scales. Here we demonstrate the construction of realistic 2 D sandstone facies based models for a pragmatic simulation of flow dynamics using a combination of digital point clouds dataset acquired from LiDAR and field investigation of the Sandakan Formation, Sabah, Borneo.Additionally, we present methods for enhancing the accuracy of outcrop digital datasets for producing high resolution flow simulation. A well-exposed outcrop from the Sandakan Formation, Sabah, northwest Borneo having a lateral extent of 750 m was chosen in order to implement our research approach. Sandstone facies and its connectivity are well constrained by outcrop observations, data from air-permeability measurements, bilinear interpolation of permeability, grid construction and water vector analysis for flow dynamics.These proportions were then enumerated in terms of static digital outcrop model(DOM) and facies model based on sandstone facies bedding characteristics. Flow simulation of water vector analysis through each of the four sandstone facies types show persistent spatial correlation of permeability that align with either cross-bedded orientation or straight with more dispersion high quality sandstone(porosity 21.25%-41.2%and permeability 1265.20-5986.25 mD) and moderate quality sandstone(porosity 10.44%-28.75% and permeability 21.44-1023.33 mD). Whereas, in more heterolithic sandstone(wavy-to flaser-bedded and bioturbated sandstone), lateral variations in permeability show spatially non-correlated patterns over centimeters to tens of meters with mostly of low quality sandstone(porosity 3.4%-12.31% and permeability < 1 mD to 3.21 mD). These variations reflect the lateral juxtaposition in flow dynamics. It has also been resulted that the vertical connectivity and heterogeneities in terms of flow are mostly pragmatic due to the interconnected sandstone rather than the quality of sandstone.
文摘CTD data obtained from two oceanographic cruises during June and October 2012 were used to define the water mass characteristics and degree of stratification at the shallow Sunda shelf located at the southern South China Sea. The water masses during both cruises showed characteristics similar (southwest monsoon) to those observed in the adjacent regions. A clustering method was used in which three water masses were classified from the composite dataset. There are WM1 (T 29°C - 31°C, S 32 - 33.5 psu, & σT, ~19.5 - 20.7 kg/m3), WM2 (T 25°C - 29°C, S 32.8 - 33.8 psu, & σT, ~22.3 - 23 kg/m3) and WM3 (T 23°C - 25°C, S33.5 - 34.0, & σT ~22.3 - 23.3 kg/m3). Even though the water masses found were characterized under southwest monsoon characteristics, the degrees of stratification obtained varied between these cruises. The stability of the stratification also plays roles in the distribution of the water masses in the water column. WM2 was found in thermocline layer and most dominant in June compared to in October. In June, WM3 was found under the thermocline layer and absent in October. The stable thermocline caused the denser WM3 cannot mixed with WM2. Higher temperatures and weaker winds during June may have caused the strong stratification, while decreasing temperature and stronger winds of an upcoming northeast monsoon enhanced the vertical mixing during October.
基金the Malaysian Antarctic Research Program(MARP)Ministry of Higher Education(MoHE),MalaysiaInstituto Antartico Ecuatoriano(INAE)for sponsoring the study
文摘This study aims to report baseline soil nutrients, specifically the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus profile, in soil samples collected from Puntta Fort William on Greenwich Island in maritime Antarctic. Samples were collected along two transect lines during the early summer of 2008. Ward＇s method of hierarchical agglomerative clustering was employed to group the sampling points based on their physico-chemical properties. In this context, the soil samples can be grouped into three major clus- ters： （1） Samples with intensive biological activities, （2） samples from the area recently exposed by glacial retreat and （3） samples from barren and dried areas. Nutrient contents in Punta Fort William are driven by the intensity of biological activities as well as melt water from the Qnito glacier.
文摘Geochemical sediment of the tropical Pinang River, Malaysia was carried out with the aim at documenting elemental concentrations and pollution level assessment. Concentration of selected heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and Mn), rare earth elements, TOC and grain size distribution of sediments were determined at 100 m sampling interval along the river. Sediment size showed a positive correlation with ∑REE and Mn and medium correlations with TOC, Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb contents showing enrichment in the clay size fraction. Results of enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index showed that most of the elemental sources were natural (especially REE) and mostly likely represented background values. However, pollution load index revealed the higher levels of Cr, Cd, Zn and Pb, and, therefore, indicating to the anthropogenic sources (i.e. fishing activities) especially in the downstream locations. Thus, the Pinang River is classified as moderately to highly polluted.
文摘The El Ni?o Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is a natural phenomenon that relates to the fluctuation of temperatures over the Pacific Ocean. The ENSO significantly affects the ocean dynamics including upwelling event and coastal front. A recent study discovered the seasonal upwelling in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPM), which is significant to the fishery industry in this region. Thus, it is vital to have a better understanding of the influence of ENSO towards the coastal upwelling and thermal front in the ECPM. The sea surface temperature(SST) data achieved from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) aboard Aqua satellite are used in this study to observe the SST changes from 2005 to 2015. However, due to cloud cover issue, a reconstruction of data set is applied to MODIS data using the data interpolating empirical orthogonal function(DINEOF) to fill in the missing gap in the dataset based on spatial and temporal available data. Besides, a wavelet transformation analysis is done to determine the temperature fluctuation throughout the time series. The DINEOF results show the coastal upwelling in the ECPM develops in July and reaches its peak in August with a clear cold water patch off the coast. There is also a significant change of SST distribution during the El Ni?o years which weaken the coastal upwelling event along the ECPM. The wavelet transformation analysis shows the highest temperature fluctuation is in 2009–2010 which indicates the strongest El Ni?o throughout the time period. It is suggested that the El Ni?o is favourable for the stratification in water column thus it is weakening the upwelling and thermal frontal zone formation in ECPM waters.
文摘This paper explores the dynamic of meteorological forcing on current circulation pattern in the vicinity of Bidong using an unstructured flexible mesh hydrodynamic model. The forcings were wind, tides, temperature and salinity. The seasonal wind monsoon, mixed tides with dominant diurnal and tropical monsoon climate is characteristics of Bidong Island. We find that this area has different current circulation patterns in response to monsoon changes. It also experienced a small scale of island wake during NE monsoon. This island wake was generated by a strong northeasterly wind. We performed a series of numerical simulations based on three dominant factors in circulation, and evaluated the model using wind, tides and density. We investigated the wind-driven circulation and residual current. This study contributes to the debates on hydrodynamic of current circulation in vicinity of Bidong Island. Specifically, this study was conducted to understand the changes of currents by seasonal wind (NE monsoon and SW monsoon), temperature and salinity.
基金Long-Term Research Grant Scheme (LRGS:56041)Interaction of Ocean Dynamics With The Climate System of Past,Present,and Future Using Ocean Observation Integrated Data and Numerical Modeling。
文摘Using literature published from 2010 onwards, this study investigates the ~3 500 km extension of the shallow shelf current in the South China Sea(SCS) during the winter and summer monsoons. This current is later acknowledged as the South China Sea shallow shelf Current(SCSSC). This current is primarily driven by monsoonal winds, and influenced by regional river plumes [Zhujiang(Pearl) River, Hong River, Mekong River] and the prominent South China Sea Warm Current(SCSWC) and South China Sea Western Boundary Current(SCSWBC). The current exhibits significant seasonal variations in both direction and pattern. During winter, it flows along the northern South China Sea's(NSCS) shelf and splits into two branches at the east of Hainan Island. One branch enters the Beibu Gulf through the Qiongzhou Strait and forms a major cyclonic circulation within the gulf, while the other branch flows southwestward along the southern coast of Hainan Island. These branches converge around 16°N latitude at the east of the Vietnamese shelf, then flow southward along the Sunda Shelf, where they deflect southwestward in “broadband”forms before curving southeastward along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPM) and exiting via the Karimata Strait. In summer, the current exhibits a complex pattern. At the Sunda Shelf, it flows northwestward along the ECPM,then deflects northeastward around 6°N latitude, forming the Sunda Shelf's anti-cyclonic eddy(SSE) and causing upwelling on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPMU). Near the eastern Vietnamese shelf, the current splits around 11°-12°N latitude into three distinct currents: the southward-flowing Vietnam Current, the northward-flowing Vietnam Meandering Current(VMC), and the southward-flowing SCSWBC. The VMC flows northward and then deflects northeastward south of Hainan Island, continuing northeastward along the NSCS's shelf and exiting through the Taiwan Strait.
文摘Upwelling off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (PM) was detected from recent cruise data collected during the southwest monsoon. Thermocline lifting was observed at 104?E from a number of parallel transects. To confirm the presence of upwelling, satellite remote sensing data were used, and numerical model experiments were conducted. A cooler sea-surface temperature along the coast was spotted from both in-situ and satellite data while upward movement from the model agreed with field data. The southwesterly wind that blows along PM from June to September is believed to be the important mechanism that contributed to this upwelling through an Ekman dynamics process.
基金The Higher Institutional Centre of Excellent Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under contract No.TJ66928the Malaysia Coastal Observation Network Project under the Institute of Oceanography and Environment,Universiti Malaysia Terengganu of Malaysia
文摘The effects of tidal currents(i.e., barotropic and internal tides) are important in the biogeochemistry of a coastal shelf sea. The high-frequency of currents and near-bottom temperatures collected in three consecutive southwest monsoon seasons(May, June, July and August of 2013 until 2015) is presented to reveal the role of the tidal currents to the temperature variability in the coastal shelf sea of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPM),south of the South China Sea(SCS). The results of a spectral density and harmonic analysis demonstrate that the near-bottom temperature variability and the tidal currents are influenced by diurnal(O_1 and K_1) and semidiurnal(M_2) tidal currents. The spectral density of residual currents(detided data) at 5, 10 and 16 m depth also shows significant peaks at the diurnal tidal frequency(K_1) and small peaks at the semidiurnal tidal frequency(M_2)indicating the existence of internal tides. The result of the horizontal kinetic energy(HKE) shows a strong intermittent energy of internal tides in the ECPM with the strongest energy is found at 16 m depth during a sporadic cooling event in June and July. A high horizontal cross-shore heat flux(16 m) also indicates strong intrusions of cooler water into the ECPM in June and July. During the short duration of cold pulse water observed in June and July, a cross-wavelet analysis also reveals the strong relationship between the near-bottom temperatures and the internal tidal currents at the diurnal tidal frequency. The intrusion of this cooler water is probably related to the monsoon-induced upwelling in June. It is loosely interpreted that the interaction between the strong barotropic tides and the steep slope in the central basin of the SCS under the stratified condition in southwest monsoon has generated these internal tides. The dissipation of internal tides from the slope area probably has driven the cold-upwelled water into the ECPM coastal shelf sea when the upwelling intensity is the highest in June and July.
基金supported by Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology,No.VAST.DT.06/12-13by the Asian CORE Program of JSPS
文摘Heavy metal concentrations in muscle and their relation to thegrowth of two marine fish species,including tonguefish( Cynoglossus arel) and mullet( Mugil cephalus),were studied. The samples were collected in Bach Dang estuary andconcentrations of heavy metals( As,Cd,Co,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,and V) in muscle of the fisheswere determined. The result showed that the accumulated trend of heavy metal is different between fish species. The concentration of As,Zn,Mn,V,Cu,Pb,Co and Cd in tonguefish were 73. 7 ± 30. 6,22. 82 ± 4.87,3. 44 ± 2. 13,1. 61 ± 0. 15,0. 71 ± 0. 13,0. 45 ± 0. 24,0. 03 ± 0. 02 and 0. 02 ± 0. 02 mg·g-1,respectively. Meanwhile the concentration of Zn,As,V,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co and Cd in mullet were 83. 41 ±19. 68,9. 78 ± 1. 92,1. 36 ± 0. 54,1. 29 ± 0. 51,0. 65 ± 0. 12,0. 42 ± 0. 20,0. 06 ± 0. 03 and0. 03 ± 0. 01mg·g-1,respectively. Comparison of metal levels among thesespecies indicated that the concentrations of As and Mn in tonguefish were significantly higher than those in mullet,whereas Zn levels in mullet were found to be higher than that in tonguefish. There is no significant differences of Cd,Co,Cu,Pb and V levels in muscle between two species. Significant inversed relationshipsbetween concentration levels of metals and lengths of tonguefish were found for Mn,Cu and Zn,butnot for As,Cd,Pb,and V. There were no significant relationships between the heavy metal concentrations and the length of mullet. In general,decreasesof the heavy metal concentrations corresponded to the increases of fish body lengths,particularly for As,Co,Cu,Mn and V and the exception for Cd. Terefore reduced risks were associated with consuming biggermullet fish,and increased risks of As and Cd were associated with consuming bigger tonguefish in Bach Dang river mouth.
基金the Higher Education Ministry research grant,under the Long-Term Research Grant Scheme(No.LRGS/1/2020/UMT/01/1/2)the Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Scholarship(BUMT)。
文摘The thermal front in the oceanic system is believed to have a significant effect on biological activity.During an era of climate change,changes in heat regulation between the atmosphere and oceanic interior can alter the characteristics of this important feature.Using the simulation results of the 3D Regional Ocean Modelling System(ROMS),we identified the location of thermal fronts and determined their dynamic variability in the area between the southern Andaman Sea and northern Malacca Strait.The Single Image Edge Detection(SIED)algorithm was used to detect the thermal front from model-derived temperature.Results show that a thermal front occurred every year from 2002 to 2012 with the temperature gradient at the location of the front was 0.3°C/km.Compared to the years affected by El Ni?o and negative Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),the normal years(e.g.,May 2003)show the presence of the thermal front at every selected depth(10,25,50,and 75 m),whereas El Ni?o and negative IOD during 2010 show the presence of the thermal front only at depth of 75 m due to greater warming,leading to the thermocline deepening and enhanced stratification.During May 2003,the thermal front was separated by cooler SST in the southern Andaman Sea and warmer SST in the northern Malacca Strait.The higher SST in the northern Malacca Strait was believed due to the besieged Malacca Strait,which trapped the heat and make it difficult to release while higher chlorophyll a in Malacca Strait is due to the freshwater conduit from nearby rivers(Klang,Langat,Perak,and Selangor).Furthermore,compared to the southern Andaman Sea,the chlorophyll a in the northern Malacca Strait is easier to reach the surface area due to the shallower thermocline,which allows nutrients in the area to reach the surface faster.
基金Supported by the Internal Grant of Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under the Translational Research Grant No.Vot 53464.
文摘Shoreline change analysis frequently begins with feature identification through visual interpretation(proxy-based shoreline)or the intersection of a specific tidal zone(datum-based shoreline).Using proxy-based shoreline information,this study quantifies the distance between proxy-based and datum-based shoreline data,which is defined as the proxydatum bias.The study was conducted at meso-tidal beaches in Kuala Nerus,Terengganu,Malaysia,with morphodynamic responses to northeast and southwest monsoons.The high-water line(HWL)shoreline(proxy-based)was determined using ortho-rectified aerial images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).By contrast,the mean high-water(MHW)shoreline(datum-based)was determined using measured beach profiles adjusted with the Peninsular Malaysia Geodetic Vertical Datum(DTGSM).The theoretical proxy-datum bias was approximated using the best estimate(median)for the beach slope,wave height,and wave period from the estimated total water level(TWL)model.Based on the study,the recorded horizontal proxy-datum bias for the research area was up to 32 m.This study also discovered that the theoretical assumption of the proxy-datum bias based on the TWL model yields values comparable to those of the measurements,with a narrower distinction in bias for steeper beach slopes than the obtained results.The determined proxydatum bias value can benefit future shoreline change studies as it could be incorporated to either proxy-based shorelines by shifting the shoreline seaward or to datum-based shorelines by shifting the shoreline landward in order of the bias value.The seasonal monsoon’s effect on beach profiles should be considered when calculating bias values and conducting potential shoreline change rate studies.
文摘Variety in video sampling protocol for coral reef survey worldwide has prompted this study to?create an optimized protocol for Coral Video Transect (CVT) technique for coral reef survey in Malaysia. The effect of different vertical distance of the camera above the substrate during video recording, number of frames and points analyzed as well as time spent during field and analysis were examined to determine an optimal protocol for CVT technique at different coral reef conditions in Malaysia’s water. Video recording taken at 0.5 m camera distance was selected as optimize vertical distance above the substrate as it can identify more benthic categories than 1.0 m with lesser time taken as well as frames extracted than 0.2 m. Respectively, 80% of total frames extracted from 20 m transect and analyzed with 50 points per frames were chosen as an optimized sample size for its ability to precisely estimate percent cover and accurately identify benthic categories.?This optimized protocol was then compared with Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. No clear difference in estimating percentage cover of major benthic categories between CVT and LIT method, but CVT recorded a significantly higher number of benthic categories with lesser time spent during field survey as compared to LIT method. This implied that the optimize CVT method can precisely estimate percent cover and accurately identify benthic categories in coral communities and are thus more suitable for scientific research and management purposes than LIT method. Other advantages of using this technique are by providing a permanent data that can be reassessed later on, lesser field time and wider survey area. Overall, this study showed that CVT technique is an acceptable alternative method of coral reef survey in Malaysia.
文摘<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:medium;white-space:normal;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;font-size:medium;white-space:normal;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Distribution patterns of selected heavy metals content in sediments from the Bay of Quiberon and Gulf of Morbihan were studied to understand the current heavy metals contamination due to urbanization and mariculture activities in the coastal area. Therefore, a survey was conducted and 196 sediments collected were characterized for heavy metals content using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after mix acid digestion process. The distribution maps of the concentrations of the heavy metals studied were produced as an isopleth map based on data interpolation by the ArcGIS software application. The association with the adverse effects on aquatic organisms was determined by the classification of the sediment according to the sediment quality guidelines. Therefore, two approaches were employed namely: direct comparison with Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) by USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) and comparison with other numerical SQGs, threshold effect level/probable effect level, and effect range low/effect range medium. In order to estimate the effect of multiple contaminations of heavy metals, the mean-ERM-quotient was calculated at each sampling point.<o:p></o:p> <span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> <div style="text-align:justify;">
文摘Alteration minerals and silicification are typically associated with a variety of ore mineralizations and could be detected using multispectral remote sensing sensors as indicators for mineral exploration.In this investigation,the Visible Near-Infra-Red(VNIR),Short-Wave Infra-Red(SWIR),and Thermal Infra-Red(TIR)bands of the ASTER satellite sensor derived layers were fused to detect alteration minerals and silicification in east the Kerdous inlier for cupriferous mineralization exploration.Several image processing techniques were executed in the present investigation,namely,Band Ratio(BR),Selective Principal Component Analysis(SPCA)and Constrained Energy Minimization(CEM)techniques.Initially,the BR and SPCA processing results revealed several alteration zones,including argillic,phyllic,dolomitization and silicification as well as iron oxides and hydroxides.Then,these zones were mapped at sub-pixel level using the CEM technique.Pyrophyllite,kaolinite,dolomite,illite,muscovite,montmorillonite,topaz and hematite were revealed displaying a significant distribution in relation with the eastern Amlen region lithological units and previously detected mineral potential zones using HyMap imaging spectroscopy.Mainly,a close spatial association between iron oxides and hydroxide minerals,argillic,and phyllic alteration was detected,as well as a strong silicification was detected around doleritic dykes unit in Jbel Lkest area.A weighted overlay approach was used in the integration of hydrothermal alteration minerals and silicification,which allowed the elaboration of a new mineral alteration map of study area with five alteration intensities.ASTER and the various employed processing techniques allowed a practical and cost effective mapping of alteration features,which corroborates well with field survey and X-ray diffraction analysis.Therefore,ASTER data and the employed processing techniques offers a practical approach for mineral prospection in comparable settings.
文摘1.Introduction The scope of Advances in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Research journal covers a variety of geology and environmental earth sciences.This journal is preparing to rivet a diversity of research and support the Earth in the imminent future.The achievements of articles presented in this volume are summarized in the following section.
文摘1.Introduction Earth scientists aid to guarantee a supply of clean water,explore for oil,gas,and coal,map the oceans,track severe weather,and discover the Earth materials we need to build our homes and roads,and the minerals and nutrients we need to farm the land.Environmental geologists help prevent and repair damage to our nation’s wetlands,streams,rivers,and shorelines.
文摘1.Introduction Recently,the name of Journal of Geological Research has been changed to“Advances in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Research”.The scope of this journal covering all disciplines of earth sciences and geotechnical engineering research.This journal aims at pioneering research techniques and analysis and is dedicated to deliver theoretical and practical practices for who are engaging in earth sciences and geotechnical engineering research.The journal has been already indexed in Google Scholar,Crossref,CNKI Scholar,MyScienceWork,National Library Board of Singapore,WorldCat,Scilit,BASE,J-Gate,and CiteFactor.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41821004the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1606405+1 种基金the International Cooperation Project of Indo-Pacific Ocean Environment Variation and Air-Sea Interaction under contract No.GASI-IPOVAI-05the IOC/WESTPAC OFS Project
文摘1 The unique ocean forecasting system (OFS) based on FIO-COM The OFS is based on the surface wave-tide-circulation coupled ocean model developed by the First Institute of Oceanography (FIO-COM), Ministry of Natural Resources, China. The half-century challenge that ocean circulation models must address is that the forecasting/simulated sea surface temperature overheats while the sub-surface temperature is too cold, especially during the summer. Qiao et al.(2004, 2010, 2016) found that the non-breaking surface wave can generate turbulence through wave-turbulence interaction, and they developed the wave-induced mixing theory, which has been confirmed by observations, laboratory experiments and model numerical simulations. As validated by ocean circulation models from various research groups, including Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) in the US (Fan and Griffies, 2014), Uppsala University of Sweden (Wu et al., 2015), Laboratoire d’Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiale (LEGOS) in France (Malek and Babanin, 2014), Budapest University of Technology and Economics in Hungary (Peter and Kramer, 2016) and the Ocean University of China (Lin et al., 2006), the non-breaking surface waveinduced vertical mixing (Bv) can always dramatically improve the simulation capacity of various ocean circulation models. The First Institute of Oceanography (FIO) research group found that tidal-induced mixing plays a key role in the formation of coastal upwelling, in the bottom mixed layer and in areas with sea mounts (Lv et al., 2006, 2008). With the above breakthroughs, the first surface wavetide-circulation coupled model of FIO-COM was developed in 2013. It was adopted to produce a reanalysis dataset for the period of January 2014 to April 2016, and it has been used for the operational OFS since May 2016. A highly efficient parallel scheme was designed to use the full capacity of Taihu Light with 10 649 600 CPU cores (Qiao et al., 2016), which earned a finalist nomination for the international Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Gordon Bell Prize.
