Opencast coal mining has a large impact on the land surface,both at the mining pits themselves and at waste sites.After artifcial management is stopped,a reclaimed opencast coal mine dump is afected by wind and water ...Opencast coal mining has a large impact on the land surface,both at the mining pits themselves and at waste sites.After artifcial management is stopped,a reclaimed opencast coal mine dump is afected by wind and water erosion from natural processes,resulting in land degradation and even safety incidents.In this paper,the soil erosion and land degradation after 5 years of such natural processes,at the Xilinhot opencast coal mine dump in Inner Mongolia,were investigated.A multisource data acquisition method was applied:the vegetation fraction coverage(VFC)was extracted from GF-1 satellite imagery,high-precision terrain characteristics and the location and degree of soil erosion were obtained using a drone,and the physical properties of the topsoil were obtained by feld sampling.On this basis,the degree and spatial distribution of erosion cracks were identifed,and the causes of soil erosion and land degradation were analyzed using the geographical detector.The results show that(1)multi-source data acquisition method can provide efective basic data for the quantitative evaluation of the ecological environment at dumps,and(2)slope aspect and VFC are the main factors afecting the degree of degradation and soil erosion.Based on above analysis,several countermeasures are proposed to mitigate land degradation:(1)The windward slope be designed to imitate the natural landform.(2)Reasonable engineering measures should be applied at the slope to restrain soil erosion.(3)The Pioneer plants should be widely planted on the platform at the early stage of reclamation.展开更多
Methane contributes to global warming,and livestock is one of the sources of methane production.However,methane emission studies using bibliometric tools in livestock are lacking.Given the negative impact of climate c...Methane contributes to global warming,and livestock is one of the sources of methane production.However,methane emission studies using bibliometric tools in livestock are lacking.Given the negative impact of climate change on the ecosystem and the rise in methane emissions,it is essential to conduct a bibliometrics study to provide an overview and research trends.We used the Bibliometrix package and VOSviewer to decipher bibliometric indices for methane emissions in cattle farms(MECF).Current dataset were collected from the Web of Science(Core Collection)database,and 8,998 publications were analyzed.The most co-occurring keywords scientists preferred were methane(1,528),greenhouse gas(443),methane emissions(440),and cattle(369).Methane was the most frequently used keyword in the published scientific literature.Thematic evolution of research themes and trend results highlighted carbon dioxide,methane,dairy cattle,cattle,and risk factors during 1999–2017.Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked on top with 485 publications,followed by Agriculture&Agri-Food Canada,University of Colorado,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,and Aarhus University.Chinese Academy of Sciences was also the most cited organization,followed by the University of Colorado,Agriculture&Agri-Food Canada,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,and United States Geological Survey.Source analysis showed that the Science of the Total Environment was cited with the highest total link strength.Science of the Total Environment ranked first in source core 1 with 290 citation frequencies,followed by Journal of Dairy Science with 223 citation frequencies.Currently,no bibliometric study has been conducted on MECF,and to fill this knowledge gap,we carried out this study to highlight methane emissions in cattle farms,aiming at a climate change perspective.In this regard,we focused on the research productivity of countries authors,journals and institutions,co-occurrence of keywords,evolution of research trends,and collaborative networking.Based on relevance degree of centrality,methane emissions and greenhouse gases appeared as basic themes,cattle,and dairy cattle appeared as emerging/declining themes,whereas,methane,greenhouse gas and nitrous oxide appeared to fall amongst basic and motor themes.On the other hand,beef cattle,rumen and dairy cow seem to be between motor and niche themes,and risk factors lie in niche themes.The present bibliometric analysis provides research progress on methane emissions in cattle farms.Current findings may provide a framework for understanding research trends and themes in MECF research.展开更多
Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies...Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies.This study evaluated the feasibility of European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)sequential extraction,Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction,and water extraction on assessing Cd and Pb availability in agricultural soil amended with slaked lime,magnesium hydroxide,corn stover biochar,and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.Moreover,the enriched isotope tracing technique(^(112)Cd and^(206)Pb)was employed to evaluate the aging process of newly introduced Cd and Pbwithin 56 days’incubation.Results demonstrated that extractable pools by BCR and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction were little impacted by amendments and showed little correlation with soil pH.This is notable because soil pH is closely linked to metal availability,indicating these extraction methods may not adequately reflect metal availability.Conversely,water-soluble concentrations of Cd and Pb were markedly influenced by amendments and exhibited strong correlations with pH(Pearson’s r:-0.908 to-0.825,P<0.001),suggesting water extraction as a more sensitive approach.Furthermore,newly introduced metals underwent a more evident aging process as demonstrated by acid-soluble and water-soluble pools.Additionally,water-soluble concentrations of essential metals were impacted by soil amendments,raising caution on their potential effects on plant growth.These findings suggest water extraction as a promising and attractive method to evaluate Cd and Pb availability,which will help provide assessment guidance for environmental risks caused by heavy metals and develop efficient remediation strategies.展开更多
The article discusses the prospects of using algae in the soil—to improve the fertility of rice fields in the Osh oblast of Kyrgyzstan.The authors note that the Fergana Valley,where Osh oblast is located,is an import...The article discusses the prospects of using algae in the soil—to improve the fertility of rice fields in the Osh oblast of Kyrgyzstan.The authors note that the Fergana Valley,where Osh oblast is located,is an important rice-grow-ing region,and there are currently plans to expand rice fields.In this regard,the study of methods to increase rice yields,such as algolization,is of particular relevance.The article emphasizes that rice fields are unique aquatic ecosystems where microorganisms,especially algae,play an important role.Algae,particularly blue-green algae(cyanobacteria),are capable of fixing nitrogen from the air and enrich the soil with it,which is especially important for rice,which needs nitrogen for growth.The algolization method helps to improve soil structure,reduce the need for mineral fertilizers,control weeds and is an environmentally friendly method of fertility improvement.The authors provide data on the spe-cies composition of cyanobacteria found in rice fields in Osh oblast,noting the predominance of Chroococcus and Hor-mogonium forms.They also indicate seasonal fluctuations in algae abundance associated with climatic conditions.In conclusion,the authors highlight the promising application of algolization in rice farming in Osh oblast and the need for further research to identify the most effective algal species and develop optimal methods of their application.展开更多
According to literary data,there are 189 species of the genus Astragalus that inhabit the territory of Kyrgyzstan.The distribution of species of the genus Astragalus(Fabaceae)was studied by taking into account their o...According to literary data,there are 189 species of the genus Astragalus that inhabit the territory of Kyrgyzstan.The distribution of species of the genus Astragalus(Fabaceae)was studied by taking into account their occurrence in soil-climatic and relief types of plant habitats in the mountainous territories of Kyrgyzstan.The materials were collected during organized research expeditions to natural areas of plant habitats.The occurrence of species was studied by well-known methods.As a result of such analysis we have made the following conclusions for the first time:in the flora of Kyrgyzstan there are 189 species of the genus Astragalus,they are representatives of 7 subgenera of this genus;species occur in 24 types of plant habitats with soil and relief features,taking into account the altitudinal regularity of taxa distribution in mountain phytocenoses;subgenuses and specific species characterized by broad,smallest and intermediate sizes of habitats were identified;groupings of plant habitat types on the territory of Kyrgyzstan characterized by the largest,smallest and intermediate indicators on the number of subgenuses and species of the genus Astragalus were identified.The botanical description of each species has been supplemented with new information about the species as a taxonomic unit.The materials of our work can be successfully used in the field of systematics,evolution and ecology of plants.展开更多
Under conditions of increasing urbanization, the problem of studying the impact of synanthropic animal species on the functioning of urban ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of this study was t...Under conditions of increasing urbanization, the problem of studying the impact of synanthropic animal species on the functioning of urban ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the species composition of synanthropic birds and mammals in the urban area of Osh (Kyrgyzstan), assess the degree of their bio-damaging activity, and develop recommendations to minimize their negative impact on various sectors of the urban environment. Field studies conducted in 2023–2024 revealed 22 species of synanthropic birds and 7 species of synanthropic mammals. Among birds, representatives of Columbiformes (3 species), Apodiformes (2 species), and Passeriformes (18 species) were identified, including families Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Sturnidae, Corvidae, Turdidae, Paridae, Passeridae, Fringillidae, and Emberizidae. All recorded mammal species belonged to Rodentia, represented by the families Gliridae, Cricetidae, Gerbillidae, and Muridae. Most of these species are closely related to human activities, including obligate and facultative synanthropes (23 species) successfully adapted to anthropogenic landscapes. There are also pseudosynanthropes (6 species) that occur in populated areas but are not directly dependent on humans. The analysis showed that synanthropic species cause considerable damage to urban agriculture, infrastructure, and utilities. Major impacts include crop destruction, deterioration of monuments, damage to networks, and disease transmission. Special attention was paid to Meriones libycus, Ellobius tancrei, and Dryomys nitedula, recently identified as synanthropic species in Kyrgyz cities. Their inclusion provides new insights into urban ecosystem dynamics. The study proposes integrated control measures, including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods for effective management of bio-damaging species.展开更多
The biological species concept defines species as groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups(Mayr,1942).Reproductive isolation,whether p...The biological species concept defines species as groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups(Mayr,1942).Reproductive isolation,whether prezygotic or postzygotic,plays a central role in maintaining species boundaries.However,hybridization between closely related taxa can challenge these boundaries and provide insight into speciation,gene flow,and evolutionary processes(Coyne and Orr,2004).展开更多
The article examines the life forms of 14 species of the genus Hedysarum belonging to two sections (Obscura andMulticaulia) distributed in Central Asia, including the Central and Western Tien Shan (Talas, Fergana, and...The article examines the life forms of 14 species of the genus Hedysarum belonging to two sections (Obscura andMulticaulia) distributed in Central Asia, including the Central and Western Tien Shan (Talas, Fergana, and Alay ranges),Pamir-Alai and Kopet Dag. The morphological features of mature plants, branching types and a comparative analysisof the characteristics of the studied species—particularly those from the Obscura section (species H. flavescens and H.denticulatum)—were studied. Samples were collected from various types of habitats: grassy, rocky-shallow slopes, redclay outcrops, woody-shrubby thickets, archaea, spruce forests, subalpine meadows, and glacial belts. The life forms ofthe species were identified: H. severzovii and H. pumilum are classified as low-growing, sparsely branched shrubs witha bushy form;H. micropterum and H. wrightianum are classified as short-lived semi-shrubs, transitional from perennialherbaceous plants to short-lived shrubs;H. cephalotes is classified as a perennial turfgrass. The remaining species areperennial herbaceous plants with varying lifespans.展开更多
The relevance of the work lies in its relation to the sustainability of mountain ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan in the context of growing tourist activity.The study area belongs to mountain ecosystems,which are highly sensi...The relevance of the work lies in its relation to the sustainability of mountain ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan in the context of growing tourist activity.The study area belongs to mountain ecosystems,which are highly sensitive to anthropogenic loads,and with the increase in this impact,the main tourism resources can be lost.The main objective of the work is to create a scientific basis for sustainable development of the studied region with minimal impact on the natural environment.The sustainability of the underlying surface was analyzed considering altitude,orography,climatic and seasonal changes,terrain slope,and other factors.Dominant plant species characteristic of different altitudinal levels were taken into account.An assessment of the level of degradation of the studied ecosystems was provided,based on field methods,by creating“transects,”which allow the identification of different levels of sustainability under anthropogenic influences.Based on the degree of degradation,the sites were ranked into six degrees of degradation.For this purpose,plant and soil samples were collected to assess the tourist load.To determine the potential for the development of tourist flows,their one-time throughput capacity was calculated,based on the total number in a specific area.Measures were proposed to regulate the flow of vacationers throughout the mountainous region.For these purposes,the maximum number of tourists per daily flow was determined.A methodology was developed for assessing mountain tourist zones,which is important for further regulation of the flow of vacationers,and will allow for the sustainable development of these zones in the future.展开更多
We classify condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras in a modular tensor category C up to 2-Morita equivalence.Physically,this classification provides an explicit criterion to determine when distinct condensable𝐸E_(...We classify condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras in a modular tensor category C up to 2-Morita equivalence.Physically,this classification provides an explicit criterion to determine when distinct condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras yield the same condensed topological phase under a two-dimensional anyon condensation process.The relations between different condensable algebras can be translated into their module categories,interpreted physically as gapped domain walls in topological orders.As concrete examples,we interpret the categories of quantum doubles of finite groups and examples beyond group symmetries.Our framework fully elucidates the interplay among condensable𝐸E_(1)-algebras in C,condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras in C up to 2-Morita equivalence,and Lagrangian algebras in C⊠C.展开更多
The scientific article discusses the principles of ecological landscaping of the classroom related to the creation and development of a safe educational environment.The functions of vertical landscaping of the classro...The scientific article discusses the principles of ecological landscaping of the classroom related to the creation and development of a safe educational environment.The functions of vertical landscaping of the classroom and the territo-ry,as well as the plants used in it,are defined.The ways of creating the principle of“tieredness”in ecological gardening are determined.The conformity of the measurements of landscaping inside the classroom with the norms of safety of landscaping according to SanPiN KR was determined and their results were presented.In our study,we took the green component of ecological safety as the basis of the educational environment.After all,the ecological landscaping of the educational room is an important and indispensable part of creating a favorable environment for the health of students and the development of complex:aesthetic,ecological culture.Greening plays a decisive role in maintaining a micro-climate favorable for health.When plants are properly placed according to safety standards in the classroom and on the territory,they provide shade,reduce dust,kill microorganisms causing infectious diseases and clean the air.Therefore,many species of native plants grown in Central Asia are used for the landscaping of educational buildings.展开更多
Growing climate change concerns have intensified the focus on agribusiness sustainability,driving an urgent energy transition to improve production efficiency and mitigate environmental harm.The complex interplay betw...Growing climate change concerns have intensified the focus on agribusiness sustainability,driving an urgent energy transition to improve production efficiency and mitigate environmental harm.The complex interplay between energy efficiency and energy consumption highlights the essential role of strategic energy policies in ensuring sustainable development.This study used the Double-Log regression model with bootstrap resampling to examine the rebound effect in the energy transition of agribusiness focusing on five Latin American countries including Brazil,Argentina,Uruguay,Colombia,and Mexico based on the agricultural sector data during 2010–2022.The findings revealed that the rebound effect significantly influences energy transition,with varying degrees of impact across agricultural sectors.This study identified partial rebound effect across all five countries,with elasticity coefficient varying from 9.63%(Colombia’s coffee sector)to 89.12%(Brazil’s livestock sector).In Brazil’s sugarcane sector,nonrenewable energy,agricultural employment,and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption,while in livestock sector,energy consumption was affected by CH_(4)emissions,income and well-being of farmers,water consumption,and water conservation practices.In Mexico’s livestock sector,CH_(4)emissions,nonrenewable energy,and water conservation practices were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Argentina’s sugarcane sector,pesticides,NO_(2)emissions,renewable energy,and agricultural employment were the key factors affecting energy consumption,while renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and water consumption were the key factors affecting energy consumption in livestock sector.In Uruguay’s livestock sector,non-renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and irrigation efficiency were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Colombia’coffee sector,NO_(2)emissions and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption.Finally,this study reinforces the importance of aligning energy transition with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),ensuring that energy efficiency gains do not inadvertently increase energy consumption or environmental degradation.展开更多
Under conditions of increased pollution of water resources,the search for effective and environmentally safe methods of wastewater treatment becomes an urgent task.As noted by many researchers Lemna minor L.and Azolla...Under conditions of increased pollution of water resources,the search for effective and environmentally safe methods of wastewater treatment becomes an urgent task.As noted by many researchers Lemna minor L.and Azolla caroliniana have great potential for biological treatment of wastewater.The present study is devoted to the biological treatment of municipal wastewater of Osh city(Kyrgyzstan)using aquatic plants Lemna minor L.and Azolla caroliniana Willd.Experiments were conducted in concrete basins of treatment facilities.The area of each pool was 1 m^(2),depth 30–45 cm.The temperature of nutrient media ranged from 20 to 35℃,pH from 6.1 to 8.7,and light intensity from 284 to 360 W/m^(2)FAR.The results showed that the cultivation of Lemna minor resulted in the oxygenation of wastewater and,a significant reduction of pollutants and pathogens.At the same time,the use of Azolla caroliniana provided a significant improvement in the physicochemical characteristics of water-reduction of BOD_(5)to 4.3 mgO_(2)/L,disappearance of all forms of nitrogen,as well as improvement of transparency and elimination of unpleasant odor.Thus,both plants showed high potential as biological treatment agents.The obtained data confirm the prospect of their application for a sustainable water treatment system in the conditions of southern regions of Kyrgyzstan.展开更多
Reader proteins that bind specific methyllysine are important to biological functions of lysine methylation,but readers of many methyllysine sites are still unknown.Therefore,development of covalent probes is importan...Reader proteins that bind specific methyllysine are important to biological functions of lysine methylation,but readers of many methyllysine sites are still unknown.Therefore,development of covalent probes is important to identify readers from cell samples so as to understand biological roles of lysine methylation.Generally,readers bind methyllysine via aromatic cages that contain tryptophan,tyrosine and phenylalanine,that offer a unique motif for selective crosslinking.We recently reported a site-selective tryptophan crosslinking strategy based on dimethylsulfonium that mimics dimethyllysine to crosslink tryptophan in aromatic cages of readers.Since tyrosine is a key residue for binding affinity to methyllysine,especially some readers that do not contain tryptophan residues in the binding pocket.Here we developed strategies of site-selective crosslinking to tyrosine.Ultraviolet(UV)source was applied to excite tyrosine at neutral pH or phenoxide at basic p H,and subsequent single-electron transfer(SET)from Tyr*to sulfonium inside the binding pocket enables selective crosslinking.In consequence,methyllysine readers with tyrosine-containing aromatic cages could be selectively crosslinked by site-specific sulfonium peptide probes.In addition,we expanded substrates from aromatic cages to tyrosine residues of proximate contact with sulfonium probes.The pair of LgBiT and SmBiT exhibited orthogonal crosslinking in complicated cell samples.As a result,we may expand sulfonium tools to target local tyrosine in future investigations.展开更多
Acidic-and alkalic-hydrolyses are selective in breaking functional bonds and falling off pharmacological moieties of antibiotics in production wastewater in comparison with advanced oxidation processes.Elevating tempe...Acidic-and alkalic-hydrolyses are selective in breaking functional bonds and falling off pharmacological moieties of antibiotics in production wastewater in comparison with advanced oxidation processes.Elevating temperature can accelerate hydrolytic kinetics and improve efficiency.In this work,magnetic sulfonated polypropylene resin(Fe_(3)O_(4)@PS-S)composites were reported for acidic-thermal hydrolysis of tylosin by employing the acidic feature of sulfonic group,the dielectric effect of resin,and the magnetic-loss effect of magnetite under microwave irradiation.As observed,a rapid and complete mitigation 100 mg/L of tylosin was achieved within 15 min by the catalysts.Acidic cleavage of tylosin was fulfilled by sulfonic groups in the composites,and microwave thermal accelerated the hydrolysis reactions due to the dielectric and magnetic-loss effects.Differentiating the dielectric and magnetic-loss effects through electromagnetic analyses indicated that the latter contributed more in converting microwave energy to heat.The interactions under multiple operational conditions were quantitatively fitted using the Behnajady model and visually demonstrated,which indicated that a synergic effect of microwave thermal-and acidichydrolyses contributed to the efficient mitigation of tylosin.The transformation products were identified and the pathways were supposed.Cleaving deoxyaminosugars groups and destructing lactone structures led to reduced antibacterial potential and toxicity reduction.The acute toxicity of tylosin and transformation products to fish,daphnia,and green algae were all classified as non-toxic.This work suggested that this synergistic acid-thermal hydrolytic method is attractive and promising in pretreating tylosin production wastewater in field.展开更多
Thin-film nanocomposite(TFN) membranes have garnered considerable attention for their potential to improve separation performance by incorporating nanomaterials. However, challenges such as these materials' uneven...Thin-film nanocomposite(TFN) membranes have garnered considerable attention for their potential to improve separation performance by incorporating nanomaterials. However, challenges such as these materials' uneven distribution and aggregation have hindered practical applications. While prior studies have largely concentrated on modifying nanosheets for compatibility with polymer matrices, the role of substrate pore size in influencing nanosheet distribution has been overlooked. In this work, MoS_(2) nanosheets were dispersed in an aqueous phase to fabricate TFN membranes, investigating the effect of substrate pore size relative to the nanosheets. By systematically varying the particle size of MoS_(2) and the pore size of the substrate, we reveal how these factors impact material distribution and structural uniformity within the membranes. Our findings reveal that larger substrate pores allow the MoS_(2)-containing monomer solution to infiltrate more effectively, minimizing nanosheet aggregation. This enhances membrane performance by promoting better dispersion. Our results underscore the importance of considering the relative size of substrate pores and nanosheets in TFN membrane design, providing a pathway to improved material integration and higher membrane efficiency.展开更多
This study introduces a novel approach to addressing the challenges of high-dimensional variables and strong nonlinearity in reservoir production and layer configuration optimization.For the first time,relational mach...This study introduces a novel approach to addressing the challenges of high-dimensional variables and strong nonlinearity in reservoir production and layer configuration optimization.For the first time,relational machine learning models are applied in reservoir development optimization.Traditional regression-based models often struggle in complex scenarios,but the proposed relational and regression-based composite differential evolution(RRCODE)method combines a Gaussian naive Bayes relational model with a radial basis function network regression model.This integration effectively captures complex relationships in the optimization process,improving both accuracy and convergence speed.Experimental tests on a multi-layer multi-channel reservoir model,the Egg reservoir model,and a real-field reservoir model(the S reservoir)demonstrate that RRCODE significantly reduces water injection and production volumes while increasing economic returns and cumulative oil recovery.Moreover,the surrogate models employed in RRCODE exhibit lightweight characteristics with low computational overhead.These results highlight RRCODE's superior performance in the integrated optimization of reservoir production and layer configurations,offering more efficient and economically viable solutions for oilfield development.展开更多
A substantial body of research has been conducted with the objective of enhancing the understanding of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Central Africa. A significant proportion of the studies focus on medicinal pl...A substantial body of research has been conducted with the objective of enhancing the understanding of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Central Africa. A significant proportion of the studies focus on medicinal plants, in contrast to those that examine food products. Nevertheless, studies on edible wild mushrooms as NTFPs and cultivated mushrooms, on their economic potential and value chains in the Great Lakes Region, remain scarce and largely absent for some NTFPs. In light of the aforementioned considerations, the present study aims to examine the economic potential and value chain of the production sector of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) and cultivated mushrooms (CM) within the Virunga National Park (PNVi) and its surrounding areas in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To this end, a sample of 432 respondents was selected, distributed equitably among the actors of the Goma-Kitshanga-Mweso value chain, the Goma-Rutshuru chain, the Beni-Mutwanga chain, and the Beni-Mangina chain. A digital questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions was administered, and observations were carried out concurrently. The quantities of mushrooms sold were weighed and photographed. The results demonstrated that, when the eight-month fruiting period of wild and cultivated mushrooms was considered as a single year for all actors within the value chain, a picker could sell 6.1 kg at $2 and earn $12. A seller could sell 16 kg at $4 and earn $64, while a grower could sell 502 kg at $3 and earn $1506. Consequently, the CM grower generates a significantly higher profit than other participants in the value chain, despite the expenses he incurs. Ultimately, the domestication of WEM, highly prized by the local population of the Virunga National Park, has the potential to enhance their household incomes, as evidenced by the findings of this study.展开更多
In this study we theoretically demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution two-dimensional atomic localization within a three-levelλ-type atomic medium via superposition of asymmetric and symmetric standing wave fields.Our anal...In this study we theoretically demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution two-dimensional atomic localization within a three-levelλ-type atomic medium via superposition of asymmetric and symmetric standing wave fields.Our analysis provides an understanding of the precise spatial localization of atomic positions at the atomic level,utilizing advanced theoretical approaches and principles of quantum mechanics.The dynamical behavior of a three-level atomic system is thoroughly analyzed using the density matrix formalism within the realm of quantum mechanics.A theoretical approach is constructed to describe the interaction between the system and external fields,specifically a control field and a probe field.The absorption spectrum of the probe field is thoroughly examined to clarify the spatial localization of the atom within the proposed configuration.A theoretical investigation found that symmetric and asymmetric superposition phenomena significantly influence the localized peaks within a two-dimensional spatial domain.Specifically,the emergence of one and two sharp localized peaks was observed within a one-wavelength domain.We observed notable influences of the intensity of the control field,probe field detuning and decay rates on atomic localization.Ultimately,we have achieved an unprecedented level of ultrahigh resolution and precision in localizing an atom within an area smaller thanλ/35×λ/35.These findings hold promise for potential applications in fields such as Bose-Einstein condensation,nanolithography,laser cooling,trapping of neutral atoms and the measurement of center-of-mass wave functions.展开更多
This study investigates the influence of runaway current in runaway plasmas on the dynamics of sawtooth oscillations and resultant loss of runaway electrons(RE)using the 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)code M3D-C^(1)(Jardi...This study investigates the influence of runaway current in runaway plasmas on the dynamics of sawtooth oscillations and resultant loss of runaway electrons(RE)using the 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)code M3D-C^(1)(Jardin et al 2012 J.Comput.Sci.Discovery 6014002).Using an HL-2A-like equilibrium,we confirm that in the linear phase,the impact of REs on resistive internal kink instabilities is consistent with previous research.In the nonlinear phase,as the runaway current fully replaces the plasmas current,we observe a significant suppression of sawtooth oscillations,with the first sawtooth cycle occurring earlier compared to the case without runaway current.Following the first sawtooth collapse,plasma current density,runaway current density,and safety factor(q)flatten within the q=1 surface,albeit displaying fine structures.Subsequently,the growing high torodial(n)and poloidal(m)mode number modes disrupt the magnetic surfaces,leading to the loss of REs outside the q=1 surface,while minimally affecting the majority of REs well-confined within it.Thus,in the current model,the physical processes associated with the presence of sawtooth oscillations do not effectively dissipate runaway current,as REs are assumed to be collisionless.In addition,the final profile of runaway current density exhibits increased steepening near the q=1 surface in contrast to the initial profile,displaying a distinctive corrugated inhomogeneity influenced by the growing fluctuation of the n=0 component.Finally,detailed convergence tests are conducted to validate the numerical simulations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0501103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.420701250].
文摘Opencast coal mining has a large impact on the land surface,both at the mining pits themselves and at waste sites.After artifcial management is stopped,a reclaimed opencast coal mine dump is afected by wind and water erosion from natural processes,resulting in land degradation and even safety incidents.In this paper,the soil erosion and land degradation after 5 years of such natural processes,at the Xilinhot opencast coal mine dump in Inner Mongolia,were investigated.A multisource data acquisition method was applied:the vegetation fraction coverage(VFC)was extracted from GF-1 satellite imagery,high-precision terrain characteristics and the location and degree of soil erosion were obtained using a drone,and the physical properties of the topsoil were obtained by feld sampling.On this basis,the degree and spatial distribution of erosion cracks were identifed,and the causes of soil erosion and land degradation were analyzed using the geographical detector.The results show that(1)multi-source data acquisition method can provide efective basic data for the quantitative evaluation of the ecological environment at dumps,and(2)slope aspect and VFC are the main factors afecting the degree of degradation and soil erosion.Based on above analysis,several countermeasures are proposed to mitigate land degradation:(1)The windward slope be designed to imitate the natural landform.(2)Reasonable engineering measures should be applied at the slope to restrain soil erosion.(3)The Pioneer plants should be widely planted on the platform at the early stage of reclamation.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province,China(2022660500250009604)。
文摘Methane contributes to global warming,and livestock is one of the sources of methane production.However,methane emission studies using bibliometric tools in livestock are lacking.Given the negative impact of climate change on the ecosystem and the rise in methane emissions,it is essential to conduct a bibliometrics study to provide an overview and research trends.We used the Bibliometrix package and VOSviewer to decipher bibliometric indices for methane emissions in cattle farms(MECF).Current dataset were collected from the Web of Science(Core Collection)database,and 8,998 publications were analyzed.The most co-occurring keywords scientists preferred were methane(1,528),greenhouse gas(443),methane emissions(440),and cattle(369).Methane was the most frequently used keyword in the published scientific literature.Thematic evolution of research themes and trend results highlighted carbon dioxide,methane,dairy cattle,cattle,and risk factors during 1999–2017.Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked on top with 485 publications,followed by Agriculture&Agri-Food Canada,University of Colorado,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,and Aarhus University.Chinese Academy of Sciences was also the most cited organization,followed by the University of Colorado,Agriculture&Agri-Food Canada,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,and United States Geological Survey.Source analysis showed that the Science of the Total Environment was cited with the highest total link strength.Science of the Total Environment ranked first in source core 1 with 290 citation frequencies,followed by Journal of Dairy Science with 223 citation frequencies.Currently,no bibliometric study has been conducted on MECF,and to fill this knowledge gap,we carried out this study to highlight methane emissions in cattle farms,aiming at a climate change perspective.In this regard,we focused on the research productivity of countries authors,journals and institutions,co-occurrence of keywords,evolution of research trends,and collaborative networking.Based on relevance degree of centrality,methane emissions and greenhouse gases appeared as basic themes,cattle,and dairy cattle appeared as emerging/declining themes,whereas,methane,greenhouse gas and nitrous oxide appeared to fall amongst basic and motor themes.On the other hand,beef cattle,rumen and dairy cow seem to be between motor and niche themes,and risk factors lie in niche themes.The present bibliometric analysis provides research progress on methane emissions in cattle farms.Current findings may provide a framework for understanding research trends and themes in MECF research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(No.ZR2020ZD20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22193051)+1 种基金the National Young Top-Notch Talents(No.W03070030)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y202011).
文摘Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies.This study evaluated the feasibility of European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)sequential extraction,Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction,and water extraction on assessing Cd and Pb availability in agricultural soil amended with slaked lime,magnesium hydroxide,corn stover biochar,and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.Moreover,the enriched isotope tracing technique(^(112)Cd and^(206)Pb)was employed to evaluate the aging process of newly introduced Cd and Pbwithin 56 days’incubation.Results demonstrated that extractable pools by BCR and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction were little impacted by amendments and showed little correlation with soil pH.This is notable because soil pH is closely linked to metal availability,indicating these extraction methods may not adequately reflect metal availability.Conversely,water-soluble concentrations of Cd and Pb were markedly influenced by amendments and exhibited strong correlations with pH(Pearson’s r:-0.908 to-0.825,P<0.001),suggesting water extraction as a more sensitive approach.Furthermore,newly introduced metals underwent a more evident aging process as demonstrated by acid-soluble and water-soluble pools.Additionally,water-soluble concentrations of essential metals were impacted by soil amendments,raising caution on their potential effects on plant growth.These findings suggest water extraction as a promising and attractive method to evaluate Cd and Pb availability,which will help provide assessment guidance for environmental risks caused by heavy metals and develop efficient remediation strategies.
文摘The article discusses the prospects of using algae in the soil—to improve the fertility of rice fields in the Osh oblast of Kyrgyzstan.The authors note that the Fergana Valley,where Osh oblast is located,is an important rice-grow-ing region,and there are currently plans to expand rice fields.In this regard,the study of methods to increase rice yields,such as algolization,is of particular relevance.The article emphasizes that rice fields are unique aquatic ecosystems where microorganisms,especially algae,play an important role.Algae,particularly blue-green algae(cyanobacteria),are capable of fixing nitrogen from the air and enrich the soil with it,which is especially important for rice,which needs nitrogen for growth.The algolization method helps to improve soil structure,reduce the need for mineral fertilizers,control weeds and is an environmentally friendly method of fertility improvement.The authors provide data on the spe-cies composition of cyanobacteria found in rice fields in Osh oblast,noting the predominance of Chroococcus and Hor-mogonium forms.They also indicate seasonal fluctuations in algae abundance associated with climatic conditions.In conclusion,the authors highlight the promising application of algolization in rice farming in Osh oblast and the need for further research to identify the most effective algal species and develop optimal methods of their application.
文摘According to literary data,there are 189 species of the genus Astragalus that inhabit the territory of Kyrgyzstan.The distribution of species of the genus Astragalus(Fabaceae)was studied by taking into account their occurrence in soil-climatic and relief types of plant habitats in the mountainous territories of Kyrgyzstan.The materials were collected during organized research expeditions to natural areas of plant habitats.The occurrence of species was studied by well-known methods.As a result of such analysis we have made the following conclusions for the first time:in the flora of Kyrgyzstan there are 189 species of the genus Astragalus,they are representatives of 7 subgenera of this genus;species occur in 24 types of plant habitats with soil and relief features,taking into account the altitudinal regularity of taxa distribution in mountain phytocenoses;subgenuses and specific species characterized by broad,smallest and intermediate sizes of habitats were identified;groupings of plant habitat types on the territory of Kyrgyzstan characterized by the largest,smallest and intermediate indicators on the number of subgenuses and species of the genus Astragalus were identified.The botanical description of each species has been supplemented with new information about the species as a taxonomic unit.The materials of our work can be successfully used in the field of systematics,evolution and ecology of plants.
文摘Under conditions of increasing urbanization, the problem of studying the impact of synanthropic animal species on the functioning of urban ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the species composition of synanthropic birds and mammals in the urban area of Osh (Kyrgyzstan), assess the degree of their bio-damaging activity, and develop recommendations to minimize their negative impact on various sectors of the urban environment. Field studies conducted in 2023–2024 revealed 22 species of synanthropic birds and 7 species of synanthropic mammals. Among birds, representatives of Columbiformes (3 species), Apodiformes (2 species), and Passeriformes (18 species) were identified, including families Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Sturnidae, Corvidae, Turdidae, Paridae, Passeridae, Fringillidae, and Emberizidae. All recorded mammal species belonged to Rodentia, represented by the families Gliridae, Cricetidae, Gerbillidae, and Muridae. Most of these species are closely related to human activities, including obligate and facultative synanthropes (23 species) successfully adapted to anthropogenic landscapes. There are also pseudosynanthropes (6 species) that occur in populated areas but are not directly dependent on humans. The analysis showed that synanthropic species cause considerable damage to urban agriculture, infrastructure, and utilities. Major impacts include crop destruction, deterioration of monuments, damage to networks, and disease transmission. Special attention was paid to Meriones libycus, Ellobius tancrei, and Dryomys nitedula, recently identified as synanthropic species in Kyrgyz cities. Their inclusion provides new insights into urban ecosystem dynamics. The study proposes integrated control measures, including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods for effective management of bio-damaging species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32161143024,31970405)Iran National Science Foundation,Iran-China(INSF-NSFC)joint project(No.4002006).
文摘The biological species concept defines species as groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups(Mayr,1942).Reproductive isolation,whether prezygotic or postzygotic,plays a central role in maintaining species boundaries.However,hybridization between closely related taxa can challenge these boundaries and provide insight into speciation,gene flow,and evolutionary processes(Coyne and Orr,2004).
文摘The article examines the life forms of 14 species of the genus Hedysarum belonging to two sections (Obscura andMulticaulia) distributed in Central Asia, including the Central and Western Tien Shan (Talas, Fergana, and Alay ranges),Pamir-Alai and Kopet Dag. The morphological features of mature plants, branching types and a comparative analysisof the characteristics of the studied species—particularly those from the Obscura section (species H. flavescens and H.denticulatum)—were studied. Samples were collected from various types of habitats: grassy, rocky-shallow slopes, redclay outcrops, woody-shrubby thickets, archaea, spruce forests, subalpine meadows, and glacial belts. The life forms ofthe species were identified: H. severzovii and H. pumilum are classified as low-growing, sparsely branched shrubs witha bushy form;H. micropterum and H. wrightianum are classified as short-lived semi-shrubs, transitional from perennialherbaceous plants to short-lived shrubs;H. cephalotes is classified as a perennial turfgrass. The remaining species areperennial herbaceous plants with varying lifespans.
文摘The relevance of the work lies in its relation to the sustainability of mountain ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan in the context of growing tourist activity.The study area belongs to mountain ecosystems,which are highly sensitive to anthropogenic loads,and with the increase in this impact,the main tourism resources can be lost.The main objective of the work is to create a scientific basis for sustainable development of the studied region with minimal impact on the natural environment.The sustainability of the underlying surface was analyzed considering altitude,orography,climatic and seasonal changes,terrain slope,and other factors.Dominant plant species characteristic of different altitudinal levels were taken into account.An assessment of the level of degradation of the studied ecosystems was provided,based on field methods,by creating“transects,”which allow the identification of different levels of sustainability under anthropogenic influences.Based on the degree of degradation,the sites were ranked into six degrees of degradation.For this purpose,plant and soil samples were collected to assess the tourist load.To determine the potential for the development of tourist flows,their one-time throughput capacity was calculated,based on the total number in a specific area.Measures were proposed to regulate the flow of vacationers throughout the mountainous region.For these purposes,the maximum number of tourists per daily flow was determined.A methodology was developed for assessing mountain tourist zones,which is important for further regulation of the flow of vacationers,and will allow for the sustainable development of these zones in the future.
基金supported by Research Grants Council(RGC),University Grants Committee(UGC)of Hong Kong(ECS No.24304722)。
文摘We classify condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras in a modular tensor category C up to 2-Morita equivalence.Physically,this classification provides an explicit criterion to determine when distinct condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras yield the same condensed topological phase under a two-dimensional anyon condensation process.The relations between different condensable algebras can be translated into their module categories,interpreted physically as gapped domain walls in topological orders.As concrete examples,we interpret the categories of quantum doubles of finite groups and examples beyond group symmetries.Our framework fully elucidates the interplay among condensable𝐸E_(1)-algebras in C,condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras in C up to 2-Morita equivalence,and Lagrangian algebras in C⊠C.
文摘The scientific article discusses the principles of ecological landscaping of the classroom related to the creation and development of a safe educational environment.The functions of vertical landscaping of the classroom and the territo-ry,as well as the plants used in it,are defined.The ways of creating the principle of“tieredness”in ecological gardening are determined.The conformity of the measurements of landscaping inside the classroom with the norms of safety of landscaping according to SanPiN KR was determined and their results were presented.In our study,we took the green component of ecological safety as the basis of the educational environment.After all,the ecological landscaping of the educational room is an important and indispensable part of creating a favorable environment for the health of students and the development of complex:aesthetic,ecological culture.Greening plays a decisive role in maintaining a micro-climate favorable for health.When plants are properly placed according to safety standards in the classroom and on the territory,they provide shade,reduce dust,kill microorganisms causing infectious diseases and clean the air.Therefore,many species of native plants grown in Central Asia are used for the landscaping of educational buildings.
文摘Growing climate change concerns have intensified the focus on agribusiness sustainability,driving an urgent energy transition to improve production efficiency and mitigate environmental harm.The complex interplay between energy efficiency and energy consumption highlights the essential role of strategic energy policies in ensuring sustainable development.This study used the Double-Log regression model with bootstrap resampling to examine the rebound effect in the energy transition of agribusiness focusing on five Latin American countries including Brazil,Argentina,Uruguay,Colombia,and Mexico based on the agricultural sector data during 2010–2022.The findings revealed that the rebound effect significantly influences energy transition,with varying degrees of impact across agricultural sectors.This study identified partial rebound effect across all five countries,with elasticity coefficient varying from 9.63%(Colombia’s coffee sector)to 89.12%(Brazil’s livestock sector).In Brazil’s sugarcane sector,nonrenewable energy,agricultural employment,and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption,while in livestock sector,energy consumption was affected by CH_(4)emissions,income and well-being of farmers,water consumption,and water conservation practices.In Mexico’s livestock sector,CH_(4)emissions,nonrenewable energy,and water conservation practices were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Argentina’s sugarcane sector,pesticides,NO_(2)emissions,renewable energy,and agricultural employment were the key factors affecting energy consumption,while renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and water consumption were the key factors affecting energy consumption in livestock sector.In Uruguay’s livestock sector,non-renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and irrigation efficiency were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Colombia’coffee sector,NO_(2)emissions and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption.Finally,this study reinforces the importance of aligning energy transition with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),ensuring that energy efficiency gains do not inadvertently increase energy consumption or environmental degradation.
文摘Under conditions of increased pollution of water resources,the search for effective and environmentally safe methods of wastewater treatment becomes an urgent task.As noted by many researchers Lemna minor L.and Azolla caroliniana have great potential for biological treatment of wastewater.The present study is devoted to the biological treatment of municipal wastewater of Osh city(Kyrgyzstan)using aquatic plants Lemna minor L.and Azolla caroliniana Willd.Experiments were conducted in concrete basins of treatment facilities.The area of each pool was 1 m^(2),depth 30–45 cm.The temperature of nutrient media ranged from 20 to 35℃,pH from 6.1 to 8.7,and light intensity from 284 to 360 W/m^(2)FAR.The results showed that the cultivation of Lemna minor resulted in the oxygenation of wastewater and,a significant reduction of pollutants and pathogens.At the same time,the use of Azolla caroliniana provided a significant improvement in the physicochemical characteristics of water-reduction of BOD_(5)to 4.3 mgO_(2)/L,disappearance of all forms of nitrogen,as well as improvement of transparency and elimination of unpleasant odor.Thus,both plants showed high potential as biological treatment agents.The obtained data confirm the prospect of their application for a sustainable water treatment system in the conditions of southern regions of Kyrgyzstan.
基金the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22161132006)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2024SSYS0036)Westlake University Startup。
文摘Reader proteins that bind specific methyllysine are important to biological functions of lysine methylation,but readers of many methyllysine sites are still unknown.Therefore,development of covalent probes is important to identify readers from cell samples so as to understand biological roles of lysine methylation.Generally,readers bind methyllysine via aromatic cages that contain tryptophan,tyrosine and phenylalanine,that offer a unique motif for selective crosslinking.We recently reported a site-selective tryptophan crosslinking strategy based on dimethylsulfonium that mimics dimethyllysine to crosslink tryptophan in aromatic cages of readers.Since tyrosine is a key residue for binding affinity to methyllysine,especially some readers that do not contain tryptophan residues in the binding pocket.Here we developed strategies of site-selective crosslinking to tyrosine.Ultraviolet(UV)source was applied to excite tyrosine at neutral pH or phenoxide at basic p H,and subsequent single-electron transfer(SET)from Tyr*to sulfonium inside the binding pocket enables selective crosslinking.In consequence,methyllysine readers with tyrosine-containing aromatic cages could be selectively crosslinked by site-specific sulfonium peptide probes.In addition,we expanded substrates from aromatic cages to tyrosine residues of proximate contact with sulfonium probes.The pair of LgBiT and SmBiT exhibited orthogonal crosslinking in complicated cell samples.As a result,we may expand sulfonium tools to target local tyrosine in future investigations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51978052 and 22306012)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3711300)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515110578).
文摘Acidic-and alkalic-hydrolyses are selective in breaking functional bonds and falling off pharmacological moieties of antibiotics in production wastewater in comparison with advanced oxidation processes.Elevating temperature can accelerate hydrolytic kinetics and improve efficiency.In this work,magnetic sulfonated polypropylene resin(Fe_(3)O_(4)@PS-S)composites were reported for acidic-thermal hydrolysis of tylosin by employing the acidic feature of sulfonic group,the dielectric effect of resin,and the magnetic-loss effect of magnetite under microwave irradiation.As observed,a rapid and complete mitigation 100 mg/L of tylosin was achieved within 15 min by the catalysts.Acidic cleavage of tylosin was fulfilled by sulfonic groups in the composites,and microwave thermal accelerated the hydrolysis reactions due to the dielectric and magnetic-loss effects.Differentiating the dielectric and magnetic-loss effects through electromagnetic analyses indicated that the latter contributed more in converting microwave energy to heat.The interactions under multiple operational conditions were quantitatively fitted using the Behnajady model and visually demonstrated,which indicated that a synergic effect of microwave thermal-and acidichydrolyses contributed to the efficient mitigation of tylosin.The transformation products were identified and the pathways were supposed.Cleaving deoxyaminosugars groups and destructing lactone structures led to reduced antibacterial potential and toxicity reduction.The acute toxicity of tylosin and transformation products to fish,daphnia,and green algae were all classified as non-toxic.This work suggested that this synergistic acid-thermal hydrolytic method is attractive and promising in pretreating tylosin production wastewater in field.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22076075)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control (No. 2023B1212060002)+1 种基金the Key Program of Fundamental Research from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (No. JCYJ20220818100218039)the General Program of Fundamental Research from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (No. JCY20230807092500001)。
文摘Thin-film nanocomposite(TFN) membranes have garnered considerable attention for their potential to improve separation performance by incorporating nanomaterials. However, challenges such as these materials' uneven distribution and aggregation have hindered practical applications. While prior studies have largely concentrated on modifying nanosheets for compatibility with polymer matrices, the role of substrate pore size in influencing nanosheet distribution has been overlooked. In this work, MoS_(2) nanosheets were dispersed in an aqueous phase to fabricate TFN membranes, investigating the effect of substrate pore size relative to the nanosheets. By systematically varying the particle size of MoS_(2) and the pore size of the substrate, we reveal how these factors impact material distribution and structural uniformity within the membranes. Our findings reveal that larger substrate pores allow the MoS_(2)-containing monomer solution to infiltrate more effectively, minimizing nanosheet aggregation. This enhances membrane performance by promoting better dispersion. Our results underscore the importance of considering the relative size of substrate pores and nanosheets in TFN membrane design, providing a pathway to improved material integration and higher membrane efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52325402,52274057,and 52074340the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2023YFB4104200+2 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNOOC under Grant CCL2022RCPS0397RSN111 Project under Grant B08028China Scholarship Council under Grant 202306450108.
文摘This study introduces a novel approach to addressing the challenges of high-dimensional variables and strong nonlinearity in reservoir production and layer configuration optimization.For the first time,relational machine learning models are applied in reservoir development optimization.Traditional regression-based models often struggle in complex scenarios,but the proposed relational and regression-based composite differential evolution(RRCODE)method combines a Gaussian naive Bayes relational model with a radial basis function network regression model.This integration effectively captures complex relationships in the optimization process,improving both accuracy and convergence speed.Experimental tests on a multi-layer multi-channel reservoir model,the Egg reservoir model,and a real-field reservoir model(the S reservoir)demonstrate that RRCODE significantly reduces water injection and production volumes while increasing economic returns and cumulative oil recovery.Moreover,the surrogate models employed in RRCODE exhibit lightweight characteristics with low computational overhead.These results highlight RRCODE's superior performance in the integrated optimization of reservoir production and layer configurations,offering more efficient and economically viable solutions for oilfield development.
文摘A substantial body of research has been conducted with the objective of enhancing the understanding of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Central Africa. A significant proportion of the studies focus on medicinal plants, in contrast to those that examine food products. Nevertheless, studies on edible wild mushrooms as NTFPs and cultivated mushrooms, on their economic potential and value chains in the Great Lakes Region, remain scarce and largely absent for some NTFPs. In light of the aforementioned considerations, the present study aims to examine the economic potential and value chain of the production sector of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) and cultivated mushrooms (CM) within the Virunga National Park (PNVi) and its surrounding areas in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To this end, a sample of 432 respondents was selected, distributed equitably among the actors of the Goma-Kitshanga-Mweso value chain, the Goma-Rutshuru chain, the Beni-Mutwanga chain, and the Beni-Mangina chain. A digital questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions was administered, and observations were carried out concurrently. The quantities of mushrooms sold were weighed and photographed. The results demonstrated that, when the eight-month fruiting period of wild and cultivated mushrooms was considered as a single year for all actors within the value chain, a picker could sell 6.1 kg at $2 and earn $12. A seller could sell 16 kg at $4 and earn $64, while a grower could sell 502 kg at $3 and earn $1506. Consequently, the CM grower generates a significantly higher profit than other participants in the value chain, despite the expenses he incurs. Ultimately, the domestication of WEM, highly prized by the local population of the Virunga National Park, has the potential to enhance their household incomes, as evidenced by the findings of this study.
文摘In this study we theoretically demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution two-dimensional atomic localization within a three-levelλ-type atomic medium via superposition of asymmetric and symmetric standing wave fields.Our analysis provides an understanding of the precise spatial localization of atomic positions at the atomic level,utilizing advanced theoretical approaches and principles of quantum mechanics.The dynamical behavior of a three-level atomic system is thoroughly analyzed using the density matrix formalism within the realm of quantum mechanics.A theoretical approach is constructed to describe the interaction between the system and external fields,specifically a control field and a probe field.The absorption spectrum of the probe field is thoroughly examined to clarify the spatial localization of the atom within the proposed configuration.A theoretical investigation found that symmetric and asymmetric superposition phenomena significantly influence the localized peaks within a two-dimensional spatial domain.Specifically,the emergence of one and two sharp localized peaks was observed within a one-wavelength domain.We observed notable influences of the intensity of the control field,probe field detuning and decay rates on atomic localization.Ultimately,we have achieved an unprecedented level of ultrahigh resolution and precision in localizing an atom within an area smaller thanλ/35×λ/35.These findings hold promise for potential applications in fields such as Bose-Einstein condensation,nanolithography,laser cooling,trapping of neutral atoms and the measurement of center-of-mass wave functions.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFE03040002)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan (No.2022NSFSC1814)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.12305246,12175053 and 12261131622)the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (No.CN23GR02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupported by US Department of Energy (No.DE-AC0209CH11466)。
文摘This study investigates the influence of runaway current in runaway plasmas on the dynamics of sawtooth oscillations and resultant loss of runaway electrons(RE)using the 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)code M3D-C^(1)(Jardin et al 2012 J.Comput.Sci.Discovery 6014002).Using an HL-2A-like equilibrium,we confirm that in the linear phase,the impact of REs on resistive internal kink instabilities is consistent with previous research.In the nonlinear phase,as the runaway current fully replaces the plasmas current,we observe a significant suppression of sawtooth oscillations,with the first sawtooth cycle occurring earlier compared to the case without runaway current.Following the first sawtooth collapse,plasma current density,runaway current density,and safety factor(q)flatten within the q=1 surface,albeit displaying fine structures.Subsequently,the growing high torodial(n)and poloidal(m)mode number modes disrupt the magnetic surfaces,leading to the loss of REs outside the q=1 surface,while minimally affecting the majority of REs well-confined within it.Thus,in the current model,the physical processes associated with the presence of sawtooth oscillations do not effectively dissipate runaway current,as REs are assumed to be collisionless.In addition,the final profile of runaway current density exhibits increased steepening near the q=1 surface in contrast to the initial profile,displaying a distinctive corrugated inhomogeneity influenced by the growing fluctuation of the n=0 component.Finally,detailed convergence tests are conducted to validate the numerical simulations.
