Correction:International Journal of Coal Science&Technology(2025)12:13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-024-00731-8 In this article(Zhang et al.2025),Tables 6,7,8,10,11 and 13 contain errors as described below.
Abrasiveness as an intrinsic property of rocks defines the extent of wear or loss when interacting with other materials.In engineering sectors like hard rock mining and tunnelling,comprehending rock abrasiveness holds...Abrasiveness as an intrinsic property of rocks defines the extent of wear or loss when interacting with other materials.In engineering sectors like hard rock mining and tunnelling,comprehending rock abrasiveness holds paramount importance due to its direct effect on tool wear during excavation.Among the diverse methods for assessing rock abrasiveness,the Cerchar abrasivity test emerges as the most widely used approach.Over time,the Cerchar test has garnered substantial attention from scholars,who have delved into the factors influencing test results due to testing conditions and examined the connection between the physical-mechanical parameters of rocks and their abrasiveness.Recent advancements in testing instrument have expanded our ability to measure additional parameters during rock cutting or drilling,yielding fresh insights for abrasiveness assessment,tool wear prediction,tool performance evaluation and rock excavatability estimation.The Cerchar abrasivity test,coupled with recent developments in testing instrument and parameter measurement,holds promising potential for enhancing our comprehension of rock abrasiveness and its practical implications.This review systematically traces the evolution of the test.It commences with an overview of the test origin and progression,emphasizing its pivotal role in assessing rock abrasiveness.Furthermore,it consolidates and categorizes the research contributions from various scholars regarding the test.This includes enhancements and refinements of the testing apparatus,as well as investigations into various testing orientations and their effects on different types of rocks.Moreover,this review illuminates the broader applications and interdisciplinary possibilities of this test,not only in material science but also in tribology.It underscores how the insights gleaned from the Cerchar test can be extrapolated to diverse areas of research beyond the scope of rock engineering.展开更多
The effects of fertilization on activity and composition of soil microbial community depend on nutrient and water availability;however,the combination of these factors on the response of microorganisms was seldom stud...The effects of fertilization on activity and composition of soil microbial community depend on nutrient and water availability;however,the combination of these factors on the response of microorganisms was seldom studied.This study investigated the responses of soil microbial community and enzyme activities to changes in moisture along a gradient of soil fertility formed within a long-term(24 years)field experiment.Soils(0–20 cm)were sampled from the plots under four fertilizer treatments:i)unfertilized control(CK),ii)organic manure(M),iii)nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers(NPK),and iv)NPK plus M(NPK+M).The soils were incubated at three moisture levels:constant submergence,five submerging-draining cycles(S-D cycles),and constant moisture content at 40%water-holding capacity(low moisture).Compared with CK,fertilization increased soil organic carbon(SOC) by 30.1%–36.3%,total N by 27.3%–38.4%,available N by 35.9%–56.4%,available P by 61.4%–440.9%,and total P by 28.6%–102.9%.Soil fertility buffered the negative effects of moisture on enzyme activities and microbial community composition.Enzyme activities decreased in response to submergence and S-D cycles versus low moisture.Compared with low moisture,S-D cycles increased total phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)and actinomycete,fungal,and bacterial PLFAs.The increased level of PLFAs in the unfertilized soil after five S-D cycles was greater than that in the fertilized soil.Variations in soil microbial properties responding to moisture separated CK from the long-term fertilization treatments.The coefficients of variation of microbial properties were negatively correlated with SOC,total P,and available N.Soils with higher fertility maintained the original microbial properties more stable in response to changes in moisture compared to low-fertility soil.展开更多
Herein,a one-step co-pyrolysis protocol was adopted for the first time to prepare a novel pyrogenic carbon-Cu^(0)/Fe_(3)O_(4)heteroatoms (FCBC) in CO_(2)ambiance to discern the roles of each component in PDS activatio...Herein,a one-step co-pyrolysis protocol was adopted for the first time to prepare a novel pyrogenic carbon-Cu^(0)/Fe_(3)O_(4)heteroatoms (FCBC) in CO_(2)ambiance to discern the roles of each component in PDS activation.During co-pyrolysis,CO_(2)catalyzed formation of reducing gases by biomass which facilitated reductive transformation of Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)to Cu^(0)and Fe_(3)O_(4),respectively.According to the analysis,the resulting metal (oxide) catalyzed graphitization of biocharand decomposition of volatile substances resulting in an unprecedented surface area (1240 m^(2)/g).The resulting FCBC showed greater structural defects and less electrical impedance.Batch experiments indicated that Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation by FCBC (100%) was superior to Fe_(3)O_(4)(50%) and Cu^(0)/Fe_(3)O_(4)(76.4%) in persulfate (PDS) system,which maintained reasonable efficiency (75.6%-63.6%) within three cycles.The reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with RhB degradation was identified by an electron paramagnetic resonance and confirmed by scavenging experiments.RhB degradation invoked both(sulfate and dominantly hydroxyl) radical and non-radical (singlet oxygen,^(1)O_(2)) pathways.Regarding FCBC,Cu^(0)can continuously react with Fe^(3+)in Fe_(3)O_(4)to generate larger quantities of Fe^(2+),and both Cu^(0)and Fe^(2+)activated PDS to yield sulfate radicals which was quickly converted to hydroxyl radical.Besides,Cu^(0)/Cu^(2+)could complex with PDS to form a metastable complex,which particularly contributed to1O_(2)generation.These cascade reactions by FCBC were reinforced by carbonyl group of biochar and favorable electron transfer ability.This work highlighted a new approach to prepare a magnetic and environment-benign heterogonous catalyst to remove organic pollutants in water.展开更多
Application of advanced techniques and machine learning(ML)for designing and predicting the properties of engineered hydrochar/biochar is of great agro-environmental concern.Carbon(C)stability and phosphorus(P)availab...Application of advanced techniques and machine learning(ML)for designing and predicting the properties of engineered hydrochar/biochar is of great agro-environmental concern.Carbon(C)stability and phosphorus(P)availability in hydrochar(HC)are among the key limitations as they cannot be accurately predicted by traditional one-factor tests and might be overcome by engineering the pristine HC.Therefore,the aims of this study were(1)to determine the optimal production conditions of engineered swine manure HC with high C stability and P availability,and(2)to develop the best ML models to predict the properties of HC derived from different feedstocks.Pristine-(HC)and FeCl_(3)impregnated swine manure-derived HC(HC-Fe)were produced by hydrothermal carbonization under different pH(4,7,and 10),reaction temperature(180,220,and 260℃),and residence time(60,120,and 180 min)and characterized using thermo-gravimetric,microscopic,and spectroscopic analyses.Also,different ML algorithms were used to model and predict the hydrochar solid yield,properties,and nutrients content.FeCl_(3)impregnation increased Fe-phosphate content,while it reduced H/C and O/C ratios and hydroxyapatite P content,and therefore improved C stability and P availability in the HC-Fe as compared to HC,particularly under lower pH(4),temperature of 220℃,and at 120 min.The generalized additive ML model outperformed the other models for predicting the HC properties with a correlation coefficient of 0.86.The ML analysis showed that the most influential features on the hydrochar C stability were the H and O contents in the biomass,while P availability in HC was more dependent on the C,N and O contents in biomass.These results provided optimal production conditions for Fe-engineered manure hydrochar and identified the best performing ML model for predicting hydrochar properties.The main implication of this study is that it offers a high potential to improve the utilization of biowastes and produce biowastederived engineered hydrochar with high C stability and P availability on a large scale.展开更多
Renewable energies including solar and wind are intermittent,causing difficulty in connection to conventional power grids due to instability of output duty.Compressed air energy storage(CAES)in underground caverns has...Renewable energies including solar and wind are intermittent,causing difficulty in connection to conventional power grids due to instability of output duty.Compressed air energy storage(CAES)in underground caverns has been considered a potential large-scale energy storage technology.In order to explore the gas injection char-acteristic of underground cavern,a detailed thermodynamic model of the system is established in the process modelling software gPROMS.The four subsystem models,i.e.the compressor,heat exchanger,underground cavern storage and expander,are connected with inlet-outlet equilibrium of flow rate/pressure/temperature to form an integrated CAES system model in gPROMS.The maximum air pressure and temperature in the cavern are focused to interrogate the critical condition of the cavern during the injection process.When analyzing the mass flow rate-pressure ratio relationship,it’s found that under specified operating conditions,an increase in mass flow rate can lead to a higher pressure ratio.Compression power demand also escalates significantly with increasing mass flow rates,underscoring the system’s energy-intensive nature.Additionally,the cooler outlet energy rate progressively decreases,becoming increasingly negative as the mass flow rate increases.These in-sights offer critical theoretical foundations for optimizing practical efficiency of CAES.展开更多
The increased contamination of potentially toxic element(PTE)has posed remarkable ecological risks to environment.Application of functionalized biochar for the remediation of PTE contaminated water and soils are of gr...The increased contamination of potentially toxic element(PTE)has posed remarkable ecological risks to environment.Application of functionalized biochar for the remediation of PTE contaminated water and soils are of great concern,and effective strategies are urgently needed to enhance the removal capacity of biochar for PTE.As a novel surface modification technology,the effect of layered double hydroxides(LDH)and sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS)on the remediation capacity of biochar for PTE polluted soils and water remains unclear.Sawdust biochar(SB)was coated with Mg and Fe to synthesize the Mg-Fe-LDH functionalized biochar(MFB);thereafter,the MFB was mixed with SDS solution to synthesize the organic-Mg-Fe-LDH biochar(MSB).The potential of SB,MFB,and MSB for remediation of Cd and Pb contaminated soil and water was evaluated in terms of adsorption capacity,immobilization efficiency,and stability.Loading of Mg-Fe-LDH into SB,along with SDS treatment created a regular micro-nano hierarchical structure and enhanced the surface roughness,aromaticity,and hydrophobicity of MSB as compared to SB.MSB exhibited a significantly higher maximum adsorption capacity(mg g^(−1))for water Pb(405.2)and Cd(673.0)than MFB(335.9 for Pb and 209.0 for Cd)and SB(178.2 for Pb and 186.1 for Cd).MSB altered the soluble fraction of Cd/Pb to the residual fraction and thus significantly decreased their mobilization in soil.The higher removal/immobilization efficiency of MSB could be attributed to its alkalinity,and the enhanced synergistic interactions including surface precipitation,ion exchange,complexation,and hydrogen bonding.The resistance to carbon loss by H_(2)O_(2),thermal recalcitrance index R_(50),and degree of graphitization in MSB were significantly improved compared to SB,indicating a more stable carbon fraction sequestered in MSB following aging in soil.These results indicate that MSB could be used for remediation of Cd and Pb contaminated soil and water.展开更多
Applications of artificial intelligence(AI)-and machine learning(ML)-based methodologies for predicting optimal conditions in sustainable and effective management of biowastes and natural resources are of great concer...Applications of artificial intelligence(AI)-and machine learning(ML)-based methodologies for predicting optimal conditions in sustainable and effective management of biowastes and natural resources are of great concern.However,the AI-applications for optimizing the hydrothermal treatment(HT)of organic solid biowastes and prediction of nutrients fate during the HT process have not yet been investigated.Therefore,this study explores the application of different ML models(e.g.,XGBoost,Decision Tree,and Random Forest)for optimizing HT of swine manure,focusing on the role of calcium(Ca)and iron(Fe)ions in phosphorus(P)distribution in the produced liquid and solid phases(hydrochar).Specifically,we investigated the fate of total P(TPS)in the hydrochar and inorganic P(IPL)in the liquid phase during HT.Experimental validation was conducted alongside the ML predictions,with XGBoost outperforming the other models,showing strong predictive accuracy for TPS(R^(2)=0.77)and IPL(R^(2)=1.0).Key factors influencing model accuracy included feedstock composition,reaction temperature,duration,solid–liquid ratio,and Ca and Fe concentrations.We found that the impact of time on TPS and IPL was minimal when the reaction time was less than 200 min,while pH showed a positive correlation with TPS and IPL.NMR and XRD analyses indicated that as the reaction severity increased,the organic P content in the hydrochar became more uniform.These findings highlight the potential of AI-based methodologies for optimizing HT processes,contributing to more sustainable and effective solutions for safe recycling,management,and development of bioresources.展开更多
Emerging contaminants(ECs)pose a growing threat to the agricultural ecosystems and human health.Biochar(BC)may be applied for the remediation of ECs in soils and water.There are some research papers that have been pub...Emerging contaminants(ECs)pose a growing threat to the agricultural ecosystems and human health.Biochar(BC)may be applied for the remediation of ECs in soils and water.There are some research papers that have been published about the potentiality of BC for the remediation of ECs in soils and water;however,there have been no critical and comprehensive review articles published on this topic up to now.Therefore,this review explores the application of pristine and modified BC for the remediation of various emerging inorganic contaminants(EICs),including vanadium(V),antimony(Sb),thallium(Tl),mercury(Hg),fluoride(F−),and rare earth elements(REEs)in soils and water.The review explores the specific mechanisms by which BC removes these EICs from water and soil.The roles of ion exchange,complexation,electrostatic interactions,and precipitation in the removal of these EICs from water by pristine and functionalized BC have been reviewed and discussed.Particular attention is also paid to the interaction and potential immobilization of those EICs in soils with pristine and functionalized BC,highlighting some applicable strategies for treating EIC-contaminated soils,particularly paddy soils,aiming to mitigate the associated ecological and human health risks.Finally,the potential environmental implications and further research on the applications of pristine and functionalized BC for remediation of EICs in water and soils have been summarized.This article provides a comprehensive overview on the potential applications of different pristine and engineered BCs for the sustainable remediation of EICs contaminated soils and water.展开更多
Application of biochar to soils changes soil physicochemical properties and stimulates the activities of soil microorganisms that influence soil quality and plant performance.Studying the response of soil microbial co...Application of biochar to soils changes soil physicochemical properties and stimulates the activities of soil microorganisms that influence soil quality and plant performance.Studying the response of soil microbial communities to biochar amendments is important for better understanding interactions of biochar with soil,as well as plants.However,the effect of biochar on soil microorganisms has received less attention than its influences on soil physicochemical properties.In this review,the following key questions are discussed:(i)how does biochar affect soil microbial activities,in particular soil carbon(C)mineralization,nutrient cycling,and enzyme activities?(ii)how do microorganisms respond to biochar amendment in contaminated soils?and(iii)what is the role of biochar as a growth promoter for soil microorganisms?Many studies have demonstrated that biochar-soil application enhances the soil microbial biomass with substantial changes in microbial community composition.Biochar amendment changes microbial habitats,directly or indirectly affects microbial metabolic activities,and modifies the soil microbial community in terms of their diversity and abundance.However,chemical properties of biochar,(especially pH and nutrient content),and physical properties such as pore size,pore volume,and specific surface area play significant roles in determining the efficacy of biochar on microbial performance as biochar provides suitable habitats for microorgan-isms.The mode of action of biochar leading to stimulation of microbial activities is complex and is influenced by the nature of biochar as well as soil conditions.展开更多
Particle breakage commonly occurs during processing of particulate materials,but a mechanistic model of particle impact breakage is not fully established.This article presents oblique impact breakage characteristics o...Particle breakage commonly occurs during processing of particulate materials,but a mechanistic model of particle impact breakage is not fully established.This article presents oblique impact breakage characteristics of nonspherical particles using discrete element method(DEM)simulations.Three different particle shapes,i.e.spherical,cuboidal and cylindrical,are investigated.Constituent spheres are agglomerated with bridging bonds to model the breakage characteristics under impact conditions.The effect of agglomerate shapes on the breakage pattern,damage ratio,and fragment size distribution is fully investigated.By using a newly proposed oblique impact model,unified breakage master surfaces are theoretically constructed for all the particle shapes under oblique impact conditions.The developed approach can be applied to modelling particulate processes where nonspherical particles and oblique impact breakage are prevailing.展开更多
Biochar(BC)has gained attention for removal of toxic elements(TEs)from aqueous media;however,pristine biochar often exhibits low adsorption capability.Thus,various modification strategies in BC have been developed to ...Biochar(BC)has gained attention for removal of toxic elements(TEs)from aqueous media;however,pristine biochar often exhibits low adsorption capability.Thus,various modification strategies in BC have been developed to improve its removal capability against TEs.Nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)and iron oxides(FeOx)have been used as sorbents for TE removal.However,these materials are prone to agglomeration and also expensive,which make their usage limited for large-scale applications.The nZVI technical demerits could be resolved by the development of BC-based composite sorbents through the loading of nZVI or FeOx onto BC surface.Nano zero-valent iron modified BC(nZVIBC),FeOx-modified BC(FeOxBC)have attracted attention for their capability in removing pollutants from the aqueous phases.Nonetheless,a potential use of nZVIBC and FeOxBC for TE removal from aqueous environments has not been well-realized or reviewed.As such,this article reviews:(i)the preparation and characterization of nZVIBC and FeOxBC;(ii)the capacity of nZVIBC and FeOxBC for TE retention in line with their physicochemical properties,and(iii)TE removal mechanisms by nZVIBC and FeOxBC.Adopting nZVI and FeOx in BC increases its sporptive capability of TEs due to surface modifications in morphology,functional groups,and elemental composition.The combined effects of BC and nZVI,FeOx or Fe salts on the sorption of TEs are complex because they are very specific to TEs.This review identified significant opportunities for research and technol-ogy advancement of nZVIBC and FeOxBC as novel and effective sorbents for the remediation of TEs contaminated water.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)(<5 mm)are a growing environmental problem and have garnered significant global interest from scientists and policy makers.Coastal ecosystems are vulnerable to MP pollution,and assessing their sou...Microplastics(MPs)(<5 mm)are a growing environmental problem and have garnered significant global interest from scientists and policy makers.Coastal ecosystems are vulnerable to MP pollution,and assessing their sources,fate,and transport in the environment is imperative for marine ecosystem health.Data for marine sediment are still limited,particularly in the Pearl River Estuary(PRE)ecosystem in China.Here,we assessed the abundance,characteristics,and risks of MPs in marine sediment from PRE.MPs abundance ranged from 2.05×10^(3)items·kg^(-1)to 7.75×10^(3)items·kg^(-1)(dry weight),and white and black MPs were the dominant colors.The majority(>64.12%)of detected MPs were<0.85 mm and primarily consisted of pellets(36.84%)and fragments(29.65%).Three polymer types of MPs were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)including polyethylene(PE),polyethylene terephthalate(PET),and polypropylene(PP).Polyurethane(PU)sponge was reported for the first time in this study area.Observations of the surface morphology of typical MPs using Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)showed that all MPs exhibited varying degrees of erosion,characterized by cracks,folds,and bumpy structures.Based on type and quantity of MPs and the polymers identified,we assessed and classified the risk of MP contamination in PRE sediment as category Ⅲ,indicating severe ecosystem contamination.Our results may serve as an effective model for other estuaries facing similar pollution regimes and provides valuable information for marine sediment risk assessment.展开更多
Hydrochar has potential applications in soil improvement and heavy metal remediation.Hydrochar would undergo the process of aging when introduced into the soil,altering its properties.However,recent studies have focus...Hydrochar has potential applications in soil improvement and heavy metal remediation.Hydrochar would undergo the process of aging when introduced into the soil,altering its properties.However,recent studies have focused mainly on the artificial aging of hydrochar,which could not reveal the cumulative effect of multiple environmental factors.Therefore,the periodical monitoring of the property and sorption behavior of hydrochar after amending soils is necessary to better understand the multifaceted mechanisms associated with the natural aging of hydrochar.This study selected the sludge-derived hydrochar(SLHC)as a typical hydrochar and applied a 16-month rice-wheat-rice rotation to mimic the natural aging of hydrochar,focusing on changing properties and cadmium(Cd)sorption and literature contrast between aging strategies and biochar types.The porosity,O abundance,and ash content of 16-month aged SLHC increased by 37%,47%,and 8.5%,respectively,facilitating Cd sorption due to surface complexation,pore sorption,and precipitation.The sorption percentage of Cd to SLHC was in the range of 11-14%for SLHC-A0 and increased to 17-31%for SLHC-A4 and 20-32%for SLHC-A16 after natural aging.The natural aging of SLHC induced by ash content played an essential role in Cd sorption site heterogeneity.Linear regression analysis showed that aging strategies on sorption behavior significantly differed between biochars.Thus,studies involving natural aging with multiple environmental factors are preferred over those involving chemical or biological aging.Future studies should continue to explore the mechanisms of natural aging-induced heavy metal sorption between hydrochar and pyrochar.These results improve insights to appraise the potential of SLHC as soil amendments to alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metal contamination and provide an essential basis for researchers and staff in soil management and environmental prevention.展开更多
To improve the phosphorus(P)recovery efficiency from livestock wastewater,a novel MgO doped mildewed corn biochar with thermal pre-puffing treatment(Mg-PBC)and without pre-puffing(Mg-BC)was synthesized and tested.The ...To improve the phosphorus(P)recovery efficiency from livestock wastewater,a novel MgO doped mildewed corn biochar with thermal pre-puffing treatment(Mg-PBC)and without pre-puffing(Mg-BC)was synthesized and tested.The thermal-puffing pretreatment improved the effectiveness of metal soaking and MgO dispersion.P recovery time with Mg-PBC(7 h)was significantly shorter than that with Mg-BC(12 h).Moreover,Mg-PBC showed significantly higher P recovery capacity(241 mg g^(−1))than Mg-BC(96.6 mg g^(−1)).P recovery capacity of the Mg-PBC fitted to the Thomas model was 90.7 mg g^(−1),which was 4 times higher than that of Mg-BC(22.9 mg g^(−1))under column test conditions.The mechanisms involved in P recovery included precipitation,surface complexation,and electrostatic interaction.After adsorption,both Mg-BC and Mg-PBC showed relatively low regeneration abilities.The P loaded Mg-BC(Mg-BC-P)and Mg-PBC(Mg-PBC-P),the later particularly,obviously increased the available P content and promoted plant growth.The release of P increased with time in the Mg-PBC-P treated soil,while it decreased with time in the P fertilizer treated soil.A cost-benefit analysis revealed that thermal-puffing pretreatment greatly increased the profit of MgO doped biochar from−0.66 to 5.90 US$kg^(−1).These findings highlight that biomass pre-puffing is a feasible treatment to produce MgO modified biochar and to recover P from livestock wastewater,and that the Mg-PBC-P can be used as a slow-release P fertilizer.展开更多
Land use changes profoundly affect the equilibrium of soil organic carbon(soC)sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions.With the current global climatic changes,it is vital to understand the influence of ecological r...Land use changes profoundly affect the equilibrium of soil organic carbon(soC)sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions.With the current global climatic changes,it is vital to understand the influence of ecological restoration and conservation management on the dynamics of soC under different land uses,especially in erosion-endangered Loess soils.Therefore,we investigated changes in soc through a suit of labile fractions,namely:light fraction organic C(LFOC),heavy fraction organic C(HFOC),coarse particulate organic C(CPOC),fine particulate organic C(FPOC),and dissolved organic C(DOC),from two forests i.e.,Robinia pseudoacacia(RP)and Platycladus orientalis(PO),with different ages,in comparison with farmland(FL).The SOC and STN contents significantly increased over 42 years in the RP forest where the contents of CPOC and FPOC were significantly higher than in the FL.Moreover,total SOC and its labile fractions,in the studied land use types,significantly correlated with soil CacO3,pH,and STN contents,indicating their key roles in SoC sequestration.The results reported here from different vegetation with different ages provide a better understanding of sOC and STN alterations at different stages of vegetation restoration.Our findings suggest that long-term natural vegetation restoration could be an effective approach for SoC sequestration and soil conservation on the Loess soil.展开更多
Neonicotinoid pesticides(NEOs)are emerging contaminants with potential ecological and human health risks.However,their sources,transformation dynamics,and emission pathways in urban wastewater systems remain poorly qu...Neonicotinoid pesticides(NEOs)are emerging contaminants with potential ecological and human health risks.However,their sources,transformation dynamics,and emission pathways in urban wastewater systems remain poorly quantified.This study systematically investigates the spatial distribution,sources,and transformation of 8 parent NEOs(pNEOs)and 6 metabolites(mNEOs)in the influents of 21 wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in suburban Shanghai,China.The average concentrations ofΣpNEOs andΣmNEOs were 568.17 ng/L and 478.20 ng/L,respectively,with significant spatial variations.pNEOs were dominated by nitenpyram(NIT)and dinotefuran(DIN),while mNEOs,such as desnitro-imidacloprid(DN-IMI)and dinotefuran-urea(DIN-U),showed higher abundances.Correlation and cluster analyses reveal pNEOs primarily originate from agricultural activities,whereas mNEOs likely stem from both agricultural and industrial sources,including pesticide production residues.A novel model incorporating Monte Carlo simulations estimates point-source emissions from the 21 WWTPs at 264.57 kg/a for pNEOs and 269.34 kg/a for mNEOs,with total Shanghai-wide emissions reaching 2947.03 kg/a and 1056.56 kg/a,respectively.This study highlights the critical role of WWTPs in discharging NEOs into receiving water bodies,underscoring the need for integrated management strategies targeting agricultural and industrial inputs to WWTPs as well as for the advancement of WWTP processes designed to eliminate emerging contaminants.展开更多
Arsenic(As)is recognized as a persistent and toxic contaminant in the environment that is harmful to humans.Biochar,a porous carbonaceous material with tunable functionality,has been used widely as an adsorbent for re...Arsenic(As)is recognized as a persistent and toxic contaminant in the environment that is harmful to humans.Biochar,a porous carbonaceous material with tunable functionality,has been used widely as an adsorbent for remediating As-contaminated water and soils.Several types of pristine and modified biochar are available,and significant efforts have been made toward modifying the surface of biochars to increase their adsorption capacity for As.Adsorption capacity is influenced by multiple factors,including biomass pyrolysis temperature,pH,the presence of dissolved organic carbon,surface charge,and the presence of phosphate,silicate,sulfate,and microbial activity.Improved As adsorption in modified biochars is attributed to several mechanisms including surface complexation/precipitation,ion exchange,oxidation,reduction,electrostatic interactions,and surface functional groups that have a relatively higher affinity for As.Modified biochars show promise for As adsorption;however,further research is required to improve the performance of these materials.For example,modified biochars must be eco-friendly,cost-effective,reliable,efficient,and sustainable to ensure their widespread application for immobilizing As in contaminated water and soils.Conducting relevant research to address these issues relies on a thorough understanding of biochar modifications to date.This study presents an in-depth review of pristine and modified biochars,including their production,physicochemical properties,and As adsorption mechanisms.Furthermore,a comprehensive evaluation of biochar applications is provided in As-contaminated environments as a guide for selecting suitable biochars for As removal in the field.展开更多
Crystal morphology of metal oxides in engineered metal-biochar composites governs the removal of phosphorus(P)from aqueous solutions.Up to our best knowledge,preparation of bio-assembled MgO-coated biochar and its app...Crystal morphology of metal oxides in engineered metal-biochar composites governs the removal of phosphorus(P)from aqueous solutions.Up to our best knowledge,preparation of bio-assembled MgO-coated biochar and its application for the removal of P from solutions and kitchen waste fermentation liquids have not yet been studied.Therefore,in this study,a needle-like MgO particle coated tea waste biochar composite(MTC)was prepared through a novel biological assembly and template elimination process.The produced MTC was used as an adsorbent for removing P from a synthetic solution and real kitchen waste fermentation liquid.The maximum P sorption capacities of the MTC,deduced from the Langmuir model,were 58.80 mg g^(−1) from the solution at pH 7 and 192.8 mg g^(−1) from the fermentation liquid at pH 9.The increase of ionic strength(0-0.1 mol L^(−1) NaNO_(3))reduced P removal efficiency from 98.53%to 93.01%in the synthetic solution but had no significant impact on P removal from the fermentation liquid.Precipitation of MgHPO4 and Mg(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2)(76.5%),ligand exchange(18.0%),and electrostatic attraction(5.5%)were the potential mechanisms for P sorption from the synthetic solution,while struvite formation(57.6%)and ligand exchange(42.2%)governed the sorption of P from the kitchen waste fermentation liquid.Compared to previously reported MgO-biochar composites,MTC had a lower P sorption capacity in phosphate solution but a higher P sorption capacity in fermentation liquid.Therefore,the studied MTC could be used as an effective candidate for the removal of P from aqueous environments,and especially from the fermentation liquids.In the future,it will be necessary to systematically compare the performance of metal-biochar composites with different metal oxide crystal morphology for P removal from different types of wastewater.展开更多
文摘Correction:International Journal of Coal Science&Technology(2025)12:13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-024-00731-8 In this article(Zhang et al.2025),Tables 6,7,8,10,11 and 13 contain errors as described below.
文摘Abrasiveness as an intrinsic property of rocks defines the extent of wear or loss when interacting with other materials.In engineering sectors like hard rock mining and tunnelling,comprehending rock abrasiveness holds paramount importance due to its direct effect on tool wear during excavation.Among the diverse methods for assessing rock abrasiveness,the Cerchar abrasivity test emerges as the most widely used approach.Over time,the Cerchar test has garnered substantial attention from scholars,who have delved into the factors influencing test results due to testing conditions and examined the connection between the physical-mechanical parameters of rocks and their abrasiveness.Recent advancements in testing instrument have expanded our ability to measure additional parameters during rock cutting or drilling,yielding fresh insights for abrasiveness assessment,tool wear prediction,tool performance evaluation and rock excavatability estimation.The Cerchar abrasivity test,coupled with recent developments in testing instrument and parameter measurement,holds promising potential for enhancing our comprehension of rock abrasiveness and its practical implications.This review systematically traces the evolution of the test.It commences with an overview of the test origin and progression,emphasizing its pivotal role in assessing rock abrasiveness.Furthermore,it consolidates and categorizes the research contributions from various scholars regarding the test.This includes enhancements and refinements of the testing apparatus,as well as investigations into various testing orientations and their effects on different types of rocks.Moreover,this review illuminates the broader applications and interdisciplinary possibilities of this test,not only in material science but also in tribology.It underscores how the insights gleaned from the Cerchar test can be extrapolated to diverse areas of research beyond the scope of rock engineering.
文摘The effects of fertilization on activity and composition of soil microbial community depend on nutrient and water availability;however,the combination of these factors on the response of microorganisms was seldom studied.This study investigated the responses of soil microbial community and enzyme activities to changes in moisture along a gradient of soil fertility formed within a long-term(24 years)field experiment.Soils(0–20 cm)were sampled from the plots under four fertilizer treatments:i)unfertilized control(CK),ii)organic manure(M),iii)nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers(NPK),and iv)NPK plus M(NPK+M).The soils were incubated at three moisture levels:constant submergence,five submerging-draining cycles(S-D cycles),and constant moisture content at 40%water-holding capacity(low moisture).Compared with CK,fertilization increased soil organic carbon(SOC) by 30.1%–36.3%,total N by 27.3%–38.4%,available N by 35.9%–56.4%,available P by 61.4%–440.9%,and total P by 28.6%–102.9%.Soil fertility buffered the negative effects of moisture on enzyme activities and microbial community composition.Enzyme activities decreased in response to submergence and S-D cycles versus low moisture.Compared with low moisture,S-D cycles increased total phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)and actinomycete,fungal,and bacterial PLFAs.The increased level of PLFAs in the unfertilized soil after five S-D cycles was greater than that in the fertilized soil.Variations in soil microbial properties responding to moisture separated CK from the long-term fertilization treatments.The coefficients of variation of microbial properties were negatively correlated with SOC,total P,and available N.Soils with higher fertility maintained the original microbial properties more stable in response to changes in moisture compared to low-fertility soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41771349, 41977117, 41977085)Qing-Lan Project of Yangzhou University (2020)+2 种基金High-level Talent Support Plan of Yangzhou University (2019)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (No. 2019C02053)Foreign Expert Recruitment Program of Jiangsu Province (No. BX2020050)。
文摘Herein,a one-step co-pyrolysis protocol was adopted for the first time to prepare a novel pyrogenic carbon-Cu^(0)/Fe_(3)O_(4)heteroatoms (FCBC) in CO_(2)ambiance to discern the roles of each component in PDS activation.During co-pyrolysis,CO_(2)catalyzed formation of reducing gases by biomass which facilitated reductive transformation of Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)to Cu^(0)and Fe_(3)O_(4),respectively.According to the analysis,the resulting metal (oxide) catalyzed graphitization of biocharand decomposition of volatile substances resulting in an unprecedented surface area (1240 m^(2)/g).The resulting FCBC showed greater structural defects and less electrical impedance.Batch experiments indicated that Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation by FCBC (100%) was superior to Fe_(3)O_(4)(50%) and Cu^(0)/Fe_(3)O_(4)(76.4%) in persulfate (PDS) system,which maintained reasonable efficiency (75.6%-63.6%) within three cycles.The reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with RhB degradation was identified by an electron paramagnetic resonance and confirmed by scavenging experiments.RhB degradation invoked both(sulfate and dominantly hydroxyl) radical and non-radical (singlet oxygen,^(1)O_(2)) pathways.Regarding FCBC,Cu^(0)can continuously react with Fe^(3+)in Fe_(3)O_(4)to generate larger quantities of Fe^(2+),and both Cu^(0)and Fe^(2+)activated PDS to yield sulfate radicals which was quickly converted to hydroxyl radical.Besides,Cu^(0)/Cu^(2+)could complex with PDS to form a metastable complex,which particularly contributed to1O_(2)generation.These cascade reactions by FCBC were reinforced by carbonyl group of biochar and favorable electron transfer ability.This work highlighted a new approach to prepare a magnetic and environment-benign heterogonous catalyst to remove organic pollutants in water.
基金sustained by a grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China“Intergovernmental Cooperation in International Science and Technology Innovation”[Grant number 2023YFE0104700]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Number 31401944]The author Esmat F.Ali extends his appreciation to Taif University,Saudi Arabia for supporting this work through project number(TU-DSPP-2024-27).
文摘Application of advanced techniques and machine learning(ML)for designing and predicting the properties of engineered hydrochar/biochar is of great agro-environmental concern.Carbon(C)stability and phosphorus(P)availability in hydrochar(HC)are among the key limitations as they cannot be accurately predicted by traditional one-factor tests and might be overcome by engineering the pristine HC.Therefore,the aims of this study were(1)to determine the optimal production conditions of engineered swine manure HC with high C stability and P availability,and(2)to develop the best ML models to predict the properties of HC derived from different feedstocks.Pristine-(HC)and FeCl_(3)impregnated swine manure-derived HC(HC-Fe)were produced by hydrothermal carbonization under different pH(4,7,and 10),reaction temperature(180,220,and 260℃),and residence time(60,120,and 180 min)and characterized using thermo-gravimetric,microscopic,and spectroscopic analyses.Also,different ML algorithms were used to model and predict the hydrochar solid yield,properties,and nutrients content.FeCl_(3)impregnation increased Fe-phosphate content,while it reduced H/C and O/C ratios and hydroxyapatite P content,and therefore improved C stability and P availability in the HC-Fe as compared to HC,particularly under lower pH(4),temperature of 220℃,and at 120 min.The generalized additive ML model outperformed the other models for predicting the HC properties with a correlation coefficient of 0.86.The ML analysis showed that the most influential features on the hydrochar C stability were the H and O contents in the biomass,while P availability in HC was more dependent on the C,N and O contents in biomass.These results provided optimal production conditions for Fe-engineered manure hydrochar and identified the best performing ML model for predicting hydrochar properties.The main implication of this study is that it offers a high potential to improve the utilization of biowastes and produce biowastederived engineered hydrochar with high C stability and P availability on a large scale.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program,Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(grant No.2024ZD1004105)Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)(grant No.2022HWYQ-020)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(grant No.JCYJ20220530141016036,GJHZ20240218113359001).
文摘Renewable energies including solar and wind are intermittent,causing difficulty in connection to conventional power grids due to instability of output duty.Compressed air energy storage(CAES)in underground caverns has been considered a potential large-scale energy storage technology.In order to explore the gas injection char-acteristic of underground cavern,a detailed thermodynamic model of the system is established in the process modelling software gPROMS.The four subsystem models,i.e.the compressor,heat exchanger,underground cavern storage and expander,are connected with inlet-outlet equilibrium of flow rate/pressure/temperature to form an integrated CAES system model in gPROMS.The maximum air pressure and temperature in the cavern are focused to interrogate the critical condition of the cavern during the injection process.When analyzing the mass flow rate-pressure ratio relationship,it’s found that under specified operating conditions,an increase in mass flow rate can lead to a higher pressure ratio.Compression power demand also escalates significantly with increasing mass flow rates,underscoring the system’s energy-intensive nature.Additionally,the cooler outlet energy rate progressively decreases,becoming increasingly negative as the mass flow rate increases.These in-sights offer critical theoretical foundations for optimizing practical efficiency of CAES.
基金supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2021CXGC011206)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(2024C03125)the author Esmat F.Ali extends his appreciation to Taif University,Saudi Arabia for supporting this work through project number(TU-DSPP-2024-27).
文摘The increased contamination of potentially toxic element(PTE)has posed remarkable ecological risks to environment.Application of functionalized biochar for the remediation of PTE contaminated water and soils are of great concern,and effective strategies are urgently needed to enhance the removal capacity of biochar for PTE.As a novel surface modification technology,the effect of layered double hydroxides(LDH)and sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS)on the remediation capacity of biochar for PTE polluted soils and water remains unclear.Sawdust biochar(SB)was coated with Mg and Fe to synthesize the Mg-Fe-LDH functionalized biochar(MFB);thereafter,the MFB was mixed with SDS solution to synthesize the organic-Mg-Fe-LDH biochar(MSB).The potential of SB,MFB,and MSB for remediation of Cd and Pb contaminated soil and water was evaluated in terms of adsorption capacity,immobilization efficiency,and stability.Loading of Mg-Fe-LDH into SB,along with SDS treatment created a regular micro-nano hierarchical structure and enhanced the surface roughness,aromaticity,and hydrophobicity of MSB as compared to SB.MSB exhibited a significantly higher maximum adsorption capacity(mg g^(−1))for water Pb(405.2)and Cd(673.0)than MFB(335.9 for Pb and 209.0 for Cd)and SB(178.2 for Pb and 186.1 for Cd).MSB altered the soluble fraction of Cd/Pb to the residual fraction and thus significantly decreased their mobilization in soil.The higher removal/immobilization efficiency of MSB could be attributed to its alkalinity,and the enhanced synergistic interactions including surface precipitation,ion exchange,complexation,and hydrogen bonding.The resistance to carbon loss by H_(2)O_(2),thermal recalcitrance index R_(50),and degree of graphitization in MSB were significantly improved compared to SB,indicating a more stable carbon fraction sequestered in MSB following aging in soil.These results indicate that MSB could be used for remediation of Cd and Pb contaminated soil and water.
基金sustained by a grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China"Intergovernmental Cooperation in International Science and Technology Innovation"[Grant number 2023YFE0104700]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Number 31401944]funded by Taif University,Saudi Arabia through project number(TU-DSPP-2024-27),which is appreciated by the author Esmat F.Ali.
文摘Applications of artificial intelligence(AI)-and machine learning(ML)-based methodologies for predicting optimal conditions in sustainable and effective management of biowastes and natural resources are of great concern.However,the AI-applications for optimizing the hydrothermal treatment(HT)of organic solid biowastes and prediction of nutrients fate during the HT process have not yet been investigated.Therefore,this study explores the application of different ML models(e.g.,XGBoost,Decision Tree,and Random Forest)for optimizing HT of swine manure,focusing on the role of calcium(Ca)and iron(Fe)ions in phosphorus(P)distribution in the produced liquid and solid phases(hydrochar).Specifically,we investigated the fate of total P(TPS)in the hydrochar and inorganic P(IPL)in the liquid phase during HT.Experimental validation was conducted alongside the ML predictions,with XGBoost outperforming the other models,showing strong predictive accuracy for TPS(R^(2)=0.77)and IPL(R^(2)=1.0).Key factors influencing model accuracy included feedstock composition,reaction temperature,duration,solid–liquid ratio,and Ca and Fe concentrations.We found that the impact of time on TPS and IPL was minimal when the reaction time was less than 200 min,while pH showed a positive correlation with TPS and IPL.NMR and XRD analyses indicated that as the reaction severity increased,the organic P content in the hydrochar became more uniform.These findings highlight the potential of AI-based methodologies for optimizing HT processes,contributing to more sustainable and effective solutions for safe recycling,management,and development of bioresources.
文摘Emerging contaminants(ECs)pose a growing threat to the agricultural ecosystems and human health.Biochar(BC)may be applied for the remediation of ECs in soils and water.There are some research papers that have been published about the potentiality of BC for the remediation of ECs in soils and water;however,there have been no critical and comprehensive review articles published on this topic up to now.Therefore,this review explores the application of pristine and modified BC for the remediation of various emerging inorganic contaminants(EICs),including vanadium(V),antimony(Sb),thallium(Tl),mercury(Hg),fluoride(F−),and rare earth elements(REEs)in soils and water.The review explores the specific mechanisms by which BC removes these EICs from water and soil.The roles of ion exchange,complexation,electrostatic interactions,and precipitation in the removal of these EICs from water by pristine and functionalized BC have been reviewed and discussed.Particular attention is also paid to the interaction and potential immobilization of those EICs in soils with pristine and functionalized BC,highlighting some applicable strategies for treating EIC-contaminated soils,particularly paddy soils,aiming to mitigate the associated ecological and human health risks.Finally,the potential environmental implications and further research on the applications of pristine and functionalized BC for remediation of EICs in water and soils have been summarized.This article provides a comprehensive overview on the potential applications of different pristine and engineered BCs for the sustainable remediation of EICs contaminated soils and water.
文摘Application of biochar to soils changes soil physicochemical properties and stimulates the activities of soil microorganisms that influence soil quality and plant performance.Studying the response of soil microbial communities to biochar amendments is important for better understanding interactions of biochar with soil,as well as plants.However,the effect of biochar on soil microorganisms has received less attention than its influences on soil physicochemical properties.In this review,the following key questions are discussed:(i)how does biochar affect soil microbial activities,in particular soil carbon(C)mineralization,nutrient cycling,and enzyme activities?(ii)how do microorganisms respond to biochar amendment in contaminated soils?and(iii)what is the role of biochar as a growth promoter for soil microorganisms?Many studies have demonstrated that biochar-soil application enhances the soil microbial biomass with substantial changes in microbial community composition.Biochar amendment changes microbial habitats,directly or indirectly affects microbial metabolic activities,and modifies the soil microbial community in terms of their diversity and abundance.However,chemical properties of biochar,(especially pH and nutrient content),and physical properties such as pore size,pore volume,and specific surface area play significant roles in determining the efficacy of biochar on microbial performance as biochar provides suitable habitats for microorgan-isms.The mode of action of biochar leading to stimulation of microbial activities is complex and is influenced by the nature of biochar as well as soil conditions.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)(grant No.YQ2023-22)Shandong Excellent YoungsScientistsFund Program(Overseas)(grant No.2022HWYQ-020)Shenzhen Science and TechnologyProgram(grant No.RCBS20200714114910354,JCYJ20220530141016036 and GJHZ20200731095006019).
文摘Particle breakage commonly occurs during processing of particulate materials,but a mechanistic model of particle impact breakage is not fully established.This article presents oblique impact breakage characteristics of nonspherical particles using discrete element method(DEM)simulations.Three different particle shapes,i.e.spherical,cuboidal and cylindrical,are investigated.Constituent spheres are agglomerated with bridging bonds to model the breakage characteristics under impact conditions.The effect of agglomerate shapes on the breakage pattern,damage ratio,and fragment size distribution is fully investigated.By using a newly proposed oblique impact model,unified breakage master surfaces are theoretically constructed for all the particle shapes under oblique impact conditions.The developed approach can be applied to modelling particulate processes where nonspherical particles and oblique impact breakage are prevailing.
文摘Biochar(BC)has gained attention for removal of toxic elements(TEs)from aqueous media;however,pristine biochar often exhibits low adsorption capability.Thus,various modification strategies in BC have been developed to improve its removal capability against TEs.Nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)and iron oxides(FeOx)have been used as sorbents for TE removal.However,these materials are prone to agglomeration and also expensive,which make their usage limited for large-scale applications.The nZVI technical demerits could be resolved by the development of BC-based composite sorbents through the loading of nZVI or FeOx onto BC surface.Nano zero-valent iron modified BC(nZVIBC),FeOx-modified BC(FeOxBC)have attracted attention for their capability in removing pollutants from the aqueous phases.Nonetheless,a potential use of nZVIBC and FeOxBC for TE removal from aqueous environments has not been well-realized or reviewed.As such,this article reviews:(i)the preparation and characterization of nZVIBC and FeOxBC;(ii)the capacity of nZVIBC and FeOxBC for TE retention in line with their physicochemical properties,and(iii)TE removal mechanisms by nZVIBC and FeOxBC.Adopting nZVI and FeOx in BC increases its sporptive capability of TEs due to surface modifications in morphology,functional groups,and elemental composition.The combined effects of BC and nZVI,FeOx or Fe salts on the sorption of TEs are complex because they are very specific to TEs.This review identified significant opportunities for research and technol-ogy advancement of nZVIBC and FeOxBC as novel and effective sorbents for the remediation of TEs contaminated water.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52260023 and 52070050)Middleaged and Young Teachers'Basic Ability Promotion Project of Guangxi(Grant No.2022KY0259).
文摘Microplastics(MPs)(<5 mm)are a growing environmental problem and have garnered significant global interest from scientists and policy makers.Coastal ecosystems are vulnerable to MP pollution,and assessing their sources,fate,and transport in the environment is imperative for marine ecosystem health.Data for marine sediment are still limited,particularly in the Pearl River Estuary(PRE)ecosystem in China.Here,we assessed the abundance,characteristics,and risks of MPs in marine sediment from PRE.MPs abundance ranged from 2.05×10^(3)items·kg^(-1)to 7.75×10^(3)items·kg^(-1)(dry weight),and white and black MPs were the dominant colors.The majority(>64.12%)of detected MPs were<0.85 mm and primarily consisted of pellets(36.84%)and fragments(29.65%).Three polymer types of MPs were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)including polyethylene(PE),polyethylene terephthalate(PET),and polypropylene(PP).Polyurethane(PU)sponge was reported for the first time in this study area.Observations of the surface morphology of typical MPs using Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)showed that all MPs exhibited varying degrees of erosion,characterized by cracks,folds,and bumpy structures.Based on type and quantity of MPs and the polymers identified,we assessed and classified the risk of MP contamination in PRE sediment as category Ⅲ,indicating severe ecosystem contamination.Our results may serve as an effective model for other estuaries facing similar pollution regimes and provides valuable information for marine sediment risk assessment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41877090 and 42107398)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20181165 and BK20210358)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M68618)Yunnan Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation(2022530000241022).
文摘Hydrochar has potential applications in soil improvement and heavy metal remediation.Hydrochar would undergo the process of aging when introduced into the soil,altering its properties.However,recent studies have focused mainly on the artificial aging of hydrochar,which could not reveal the cumulative effect of multiple environmental factors.Therefore,the periodical monitoring of the property and sorption behavior of hydrochar after amending soils is necessary to better understand the multifaceted mechanisms associated with the natural aging of hydrochar.This study selected the sludge-derived hydrochar(SLHC)as a typical hydrochar and applied a 16-month rice-wheat-rice rotation to mimic the natural aging of hydrochar,focusing on changing properties and cadmium(Cd)sorption and literature contrast between aging strategies and biochar types.The porosity,O abundance,and ash content of 16-month aged SLHC increased by 37%,47%,and 8.5%,respectively,facilitating Cd sorption due to surface complexation,pore sorption,and precipitation.The sorption percentage of Cd to SLHC was in the range of 11-14%for SLHC-A0 and increased to 17-31%for SLHC-A4 and 20-32%for SLHC-A16 after natural aging.The natural aging of SLHC induced by ash content played an essential role in Cd sorption site heterogeneity.Linear regression analysis showed that aging strategies on sorption behavior significantly differed between biochars.Thus,studies involving natural aging with multiple environmental factors are preferred over those involving chemical or biological aging.Future studies should continue to explore the mechanisms of natural aging-induced heavy metal sorption between hydrochar and pyrochar.These results improve insights to appraise the potential of SLHC as soil amendments to alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metal contamination and provide an essential basis for researchers and staff in soil management and environmental prevention.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172679)Open Research Project of Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments,China(NXTS05)financially supported this work.
文摘To improve the phosphorus(P)recovery efficiency from livestock wastewater,a novel MgO doped mildewed corn biochar with thermal pre-puffing treatment(Mg-PBC)and without pre-puffing(Mg-BC)was synthesized and tested.The thermal-puffing pretreatment improved the effectiveness of metal soaking and MgO dispersion.P recovery time with Mg-PBC(7 h)was significantly shorter than that with Mg-BC(12 h).Moreover,Mg-PBC showed significantly higher P recovery capacity(241 mg g^(−1))than Mg-BC(96.6 mg g^(−1)).P recovery capacity of the Mg-PBC fitted to the Thomas model was 90.7 mg g^(−1),which was 4 times higher than that of Mg-BC(22.9 mg g^(−1))under column test conditions.The mechanisms involved in P recovery included precipitation,surface complexation,and electrostatic interaction.After adsorption,both Mg-BC and Mg-PBC showed relatively low regeneration abilities.The P loaded Mg-BC(Mg-BC-P)and Mg-PBC(Mg-PBC-P),the later particularly,obviously increased the available P content and promoted plant growth.The release of P increased with time in the Mg-PBC-P treated soil,while it decreased with time in the P fertilizer treated soil.A cost-benefit analysis revealed that thermal-puffing pretreatment greatly increased the profit of MgO doped biochar from−0.66 to 5.90 US$kg^(−1).These findings highlight that biomass pre-puffing is a feasible treatment to produce MgO modified biochar and to recover P from livestock wastewater,and that the Mg-PBC-P can be used as a slow-release P fertilizer.
基金supported by the National Program on Key Research Project(2016YFC0501703)Basic Research program of Natural Science in Shaanxi(2017jz008)+1 种基金Esmat F.Ali is also thankful to Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number(TURSP-2020/65)Taif University,Saudi Arabia,for the financial support and research facilities.
文摘Land use changes profoundly affect the equilibrium of soil organic carbon(soC)sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions.With the current global climatic changes,it is vital to understand the influence of ecological restoration and conservation management on the dynamics of soC under different land uses,especially in erosion-endangered Loess soils.Therefore,we investigated changes in soc through a suit of labile fractions,namely:light fraction organic C(LFOC),heavy fraction organic C(HFOC),coarse particulate organic C(CPOC),fine particulate organic C(FPOC),and dissolved organic C(DOC),from two forests i.e.,Robinia pseudoacacia(RP)and Platycladus orientalis(PO),with different ages,in comparison with farmland(FL).The SOC and STN contents significantly increased over 42 years in the RP forest where the contents of CPOC and FPOC were significantly higher than in the FL.Moreover,total SOC and its labile fractions,in the studied land use types,significantly correlated with soil CacO3,pH,and STN contents,indicating their key roles in SoC sequestration.The results reported here from different vegetation with different ages provide a better understanding of sOC and STN alterations at different stages of vegetation restoration.Our findings suggest that long-term natural vegetation restoration could be an effective approach for SoC sequestration and soil conservation on the Loess soil.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3200700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52400010,52192684,and 42177390)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(24ZR1472300)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Neonicotinoid pesticides(NEOs)are emerging contaminants with potential ecological and human health risks.However,their sources,transformation dynamics,and emission pathways in urban wastewater systems remain poorly quantified.This study systematically investigates the spatial distribution,sources,and transformation of 8 parent NEOs(pNEOs)and 6 metabolites(mNEOs)in the influents of 21 wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in suburban Shanghai,China.The average concentrations ofΣpNEOs andΣmNEOs were 568.17 ng/L and 478.20 ng/L,respectively,with significant spatial variations.pNEOs were dominated by nitenpyram(NIT)and dinotefuran(DIN),while mNEOs,such as desnitro-imidacloprid(DN-IMI)and dinotefuran-urea(DIN-U),showed higher abundances.Correlation and cluster analyses reveal pNEOs primarily originate from agricultural activities,whereas mNEOs likely stem from both agricultural and industrial sources,including pesticide production residues.A novel model incorporating Monte Carlo simulations estimates point-source emissions from the 21 WWTPs at 264.57 kg/a for pNEOs and 269.34 kg/a for mNEOs,with total Shanghai-wide emissions reaching 2947.03 kg/a and 1056.56 kg/a,respectively.This study highlights the critical role of WWTPs in discharging NEOs into receiving water bodies,underscoring the need for integrated management strategies targeting agricultural and industrial inputs to WWTPs as well as for the advancement of WWTP processes designed to eliminate emerging contaminants.
基金the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(PJ01475801)from Rural Development Administrationthe Republic of Korea,the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(2021R1A2C2011734)+2 种基金Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2021R1A6A1A10045235)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21876180)the Outstanding Youth Project of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2022B1515020030).
文摘Arsenic(As)is recognized as a persistent and toxic contaminant in the environment that is harmful to humans.Biochar,a porous carbonaceous material with tunable functionality,has been used widely as an adsorbent for remediating As-contaminated water and soils.Several types of pristine and modified biochar are available,and significant efforts have been made toward modifying the surface of biochars to increase their adsorption capacity for As.Adsorption capacity is influenced by multiple factors,including biomass pyrolysis temperature,pH,the presence of dissolved organic carbon,surface charge,and the presence of phosphate,silicate,sulfate,and microbial activity.Improved As adsorption in modified biochars is attributed to several mechanisms including surface complexation/precipitation,ion exchange,oxidation,reduction,electrostatic interactions,and surface functional groups that have a relatively higher affinity for As.Modified biochars show promise for As adsorption;however,further research is required to improve the performance of these materials.For example,modified biochars must be eco-friendly,cost-effective,reliable,efficient,and sustainable to ensure their widespread application for immobilizing As in contaminated water and soils.Conducting relevant research to address these issues relies on a thorough understanding of biochar modifications to date.This study presents an in-depth review of pristine and modified biochars,including their production,physicochemical properties,and As adsorption mechanisms.Furthermore,a comprehensive evaluation of biochar applications is provided in As-contaminated environments as a guide for selecting suitable biochars for As removal in the field.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172679).
文摘Crystal morphology of metal oxides in engineered metal-biochar composites governs the removal of phosphorus(P)from aqueous solutions.Up to our best knowledge,preparation of bio-assembled MgO-coated biochar and its application for the removal of P from solutions and kitchen waste fermentation liquids have not yet been studied.Therefore,in this study,a needle-like MgO particle coated tea waste biochar composite(MTC)was prepared through a novel biological assembly and template elimination process.The produced MTC was used as an adsorbent for removing P from a synthetic solution and real kitchen waste fermentation liquid.The maximum P sorption capacities of the MTC,deduced from the Langmuir model,were 58.80 mg g^(−1) from the solution at pH 7 and 192.8 mg g^(−1) from the fermentation liquid at pH 9.The increase of ionic strength(0-0.1 mol L^(−1) NaNO_(3))reduced P removal efficiency from 98.53%to 93.01%in the synthetic solution but had no significant impact on P removal from the fermentation liquid.Precipitation of MgHPO4 and Mg(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2)(76.5%),ligand exchange(18.0%),and electrostatic attraction(5.5%)were the potential mechanisms for P sorption from the synthetic solution,while struvite formation(57.6%)and ligand exchange(42.2%)governed the sorption of P from the kitchen waste fermentation liquid.Compared to previously reported MgO-biochar composites,MTC had a lower P sorption capacity in phosphate solution but a higher P sorption capacity in fermentation liquid.Therefore,the studied MTC could be used as an effective candidate for the removal of P from aqueous environments,and especially from the fermentation liquids.In the future,it will be necessary to systematically compare the performance of metal-biochar composites with different metal oxide crystal morphology for P removal from different types of wastewater.
