The AGCU X Plus STR system is a newly developed multiplex PCR kit that detects 32 X-chromosomal STR loci simultaneously.These are DXS6807,DXS9895,linkage group 1(DXS10148,DXS10135,DXS8378),DXS9902,DXS6795,DXS6810,DXS1...The AGCU X Plus STR system is a newly developed multiplex PCR kit that detects 32 X-chromosomal STR loci simultaneously.These are DXS6807,DXS9895,linkage group 1(DXS10148,DXS10135,DXS8378),DXS9902,DXS6795,DXS6810,DXS10159,DXS10162,DXS10164,DXS7132,linkage group 2(DXS10079,DXS10074,DXS10075),DXS981,DXS6800,DXS6803,DXS6809,DXS6789,DXS7424,DXS101,DXS7133,GATA172D05,GATA165B12,linkage group 3(DXS10103,HPRTB,DXS10101),GATA31E08 and linkage group 4(DXS8377,DXS10134,DXS7423).A major advantage of this kit is that it takes into account linkage between loci,in addition to detecting more X-STR loci.In order to evaluate the forensic application of 32 X-STR fl uorescence amplifi cation system,PCR settings,sensitivity,species specifi city,stability,DNA mixtures,concordance,stutter,sizing precision,and population genetics investigation were evaluated according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods(SWGDAM)developmental validation guidelines.The study showed that the genotyping results of each locus were signifi cantly accurate when the DNA template was at least 62.5 pg.Complete profi les were obtained for the 1∶1 and 1∶3 combinations.A total of 209 unrelated individuals from Southern Chinese Han community,consisting of 84 females and 125 males,were selected for population studies,and 285 allele profi les were detected from 32 X-STR loci.The polymorphism information content(PIC)ranged from 0.2721 in DXS6800,to 0.9105 in DXS10135,with an average of 0.6798.DXS10135(PIC=0.9105)was the most polymorphic locus,with discrimination power(DP)of 0.9164 and 0.9871 for the male and female.The cumulative PD_(F),PD_(M),MEC_(trio) and MEC_(duo) valu es were all greater than 0.999999999.There were 78 different DXS10103-HPRTB-DXS10101 haplotypes among the 125 males,and the haplotype diversity was 0.9810.There was no signifi cant difference in the cumulative PD_(F),PD_(M),MEC_(trio) and MEC_(duo) values whether considering linkage or not.In summary,the new X-STR multiplex typing system is effective and reliable,which can be useful in human genetic analysis and kinship testing as a potent complement to autosomal STR typing.展开更多
Mitophagy is closely associated with the pathogenesis of secondary spinal cord injury.Abnormal mitophagy may contribute significantly to secondary spinal cord injury,leading to the impaired production of adenosine tri...Mitophagy is closely associated with the pathogenesis of secondary spinal cord injury.Abnormal mitophagy may contribute significantly to secondary spinal cord injury,leading to the impaired production of adenosine triphosphate,ion imbalance,the excessive production of reactive oxygen species,neuroinflammation,and neuronal cell death.Therefore,maintaining an appropriate balance of mitophagy is crucial when treating spinal cord injury,as both excessive and insufficient mitophagy can impede recovery.In this review,we summarize the pathological changes associated with spinal cord injury,the mechanisms of mitophagy,and the direct and indirect relationships between mitophagy and spinal cord injury.We also consider therapeutic approaches that target mitophagy for the treatment of spinal cord injury,including ongoing clinical trials and other innovative therapies,such as use of stem cells,nanomaterials,and small molecule polymers.Finally,we highlight the current challenges facing this field and suggest potential directions for future research.The aim of our review is to provide a theoretical reference for future studies targeting mitophagy in the treatment of spinal cord injury.展开更多
The Central Institute of Forensic Science(CIFS)has been providing DNA testing services to Thai people since 2002.Bone accounts for majority of the biological specimens tested,constituting approximately 26%in total evi...The Central Institute of Forensic Science(CIFS)has been providing DNA testing services to Thai people since 2002.Bone accounts for majority of the biological specimens tested,constituting approximately 26%in total evidence.DNA recovery from the bone is challenging owing to degradation and the presence of inhibitors.Therefore,guidelines for bone selection,extraction,and DNA typing are essential for the routine laboratory of CIFS to maximize DNA yield,and minimize time and cost.In this study,we extracted three types of bones:femur,occipital,and petrous,from 12 bodies using a modified organic extraction and silica-based method.The success rate of the Short Tandem Repeat(STR)typing was determined through the number of reportable loci.Furthermore,analysis of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)was performed using the massively parallel sequencing technique.Coverage and variant analyses of all samples were evaluated.The results indicate that the femur exhibits the highest success rate in STR typing.The results,in decreasing order,are as follows:femur>petrous>occipital.We determined that silica-based extraction is the most efficient technique for the STR typing;however,modified organic extraction can be used as an alternative method in obtaining mtDNA.The outcome from this study could serve as a guide for identifying human remains and missing persons in the CIFS laboratory,as well as other Thai forensic laboratories.展开更多
Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link between sample donors and actual criminal acts.However,the conventional b...Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link between sample donors and actual criminal acts.However,the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations,such as time consumption,intensive labor,nonparallel manner,varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity.Recently,the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression(mRNA profiling)has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification.Since 2011,the collaborative exercises have been organized by the European DNA Profiling Group(EDNAP)in order to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of mRNA profiling for body fluid identification.The major advantages of mRNA profiling,compared to the conventional methods,include higher sensitivity,greater specificity,the ability of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction,and compatibility with current DNA extraction and analysis procedure.In the current review,we provided an overview of the present knowledge and detection methodologies of mRNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification and discussed its possible practical application to forensic casework.展开更多
It is never an easy thing to diagnose heart vascular disease only depending on the unenhanced postmortem computed tomography(PMCT).This article reported a case of sudden natural death after the complaint of anterior c...It is never an easy thing to diagnose heart vascular disease only depending on the unenhanced postmortem computed tomography(PMCT).This article reported a case of sudden natural death after the complaint of anterior chest pain in which coronary artery calcification(CAC) was clearly displayed using PMCT scan.The entire coronary artery system was almost reconstructed via multiplanar reformation(MPR) and volume-rendering reconstruction(VR),and the total calcium score of the coronary arteries was obtained with CaScoring automatic analysis software.The results showed that CAC was conspicuous;the total calcium score was 640.3,considerably higher than 400.The pulmonary ground-glass opacity(GGO) and small amount of fluid both in the subglottic trachea and main bronchi were also found.The imaging results confirmed those of autopsy.In addition,the results concluded that PMCT might serve as an invaluable adjunct to the classic autopsy procedure.展开更多
Brain homeostasis refe rs to the normal working state of the brain in a certain period,which is impo rtant for overall health and normal life activities.Currently,there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the...Brain homeostasis refe rs to the normal working state of the brain in a certain period,which is impo rtant for overall health and normal life activities.Currently,there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the adverse consequences caused by brain homeostasis imbalance.Snapin is a protein that assists in the formation of neuronal synapses and plays a crucial role in the normal growth and development of synapses.Recently,many researchers have reported the association between snapin and neurologic and psychiatric disorders,demonstrating that snapin can improve brain homeostasis.Clinical manifestations of brain disease often involve imbalances in brain homeostasis and may lead to neurological and behavioral sequelae.This article aims to explo re the role of snapin in restoring brain homeostasis after injury or diseases,highlighting its significance in maintaining brain homeostasis and treating brain diseases.Additionally,it comprehensively discusses the implications of snapin in other extracerebral diseases such as diabetes and viral infections,with the objective of determining the clinical potential of snapin in maintaining brain homeostasis.展开更多
To further enrich the genetic data of the Chinese Xinjiang Mongolian group,the genetic distribution and forensic parameters of 19 autosomal short tandem repeats(STRs)were investigated.Altogether,249 alleles were obser...To further enrich the genetic data of the Chinese Xinjiang Mongolian group,the genetic distribution and forensic parameters of 19 autosomal short tandem repeats(STRs)were investigated.Altogether,249 alleles were observed in these 19 STRs.The mean values of the polymorphism information content(PIC),match probability(MP),discrimination power(DP),and probability of exclusion(PE)for these 19 STRs were 0.7775,0.0699,0.9301,and 0.6085,respectively.Additionally,the cumulative DP and PE values obtained in the Mongolian group were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 995 67 and 0.999 999 992 163,respectively.展开更多
GHB （γ-hydroxybutyrate） is becoming popular recreational drugs. As a result of its strong sedative and amnesiac effects, GHB has been implicated in a number of DFSA cases. The natural presence of GHB in the human b...GHB （γ-hydroxybutyrate） is becoming popular recreational drugs. As a result of its strong sedative and amnesiac effects, GHB has been implicated in a number of DFSA cases. The natural presence of GHB in the human body and its rapid elimination after ingestion make it difficult to detect and to evaluate its roles in suspected GHB-facilitated assaults. The paper describes an analytical method for the determination of GHB in urine using LC-MS/MS. Samples were acidified by ammonium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and then the extracts were analysed by LC-MS/MS. The limit of detection was 0.05 p.g/mL （S/N = 3）. The intra- and inter-day precision was within 10.0% at three concentrations. The methods were found to be sensitive, accurate, rapid and suitable for the forensic toxicology to test GHB in real cases.展开更多
The DNATyper^(TM)21 kit has good species specificity,typing accuracy,and locus amplification balance,which can be used for forensic genetic analysis such as individual identification and paternity testing.To improve t...The DNATyper^(TM)21 kit has good species specificity,typing accuracy,and locus amplification balance,which can be used for forensic genetic analysis such as individual identification and paternity testing.To improve the anti-inhibitor ability of this kit,the addition of bovine serum albumin(BSA),bovine thrombin(BT),FastStart Taq DNA Polymerase,TaKaRa Ex Taq Hot Start Version(Ex Taq HS),MyFiTM DNA Polymerase,and Klentaq DNA Polymerase(Klentaq)as PCR enhancers to the PCR reaction system was explored in the presence of different concentrations of inhibitors,such as indigo,humic acid(HA),hemoglobin,heme,and melanin.The results revealed that BSA exhibited high efficiency in improving the detection rate of STR loci;BT only helped to overcome the typing inhibition caused by indigo,melanin,HA,and heme;Four types of DNA polymerase had different anti-inhibitor effects on different inhibitors,among which Ex Taq HS was more effective than the other three DNA polymerases,but displayed comparatively lower resistance to hemoglobin than BSA and BT.This study provides basic data for further optimization of the kit through comprehensive analysis and facilitates its application in daily forensic investigations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mental illness is a health challenge faced by adolescents that has grown worse after the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Research on social media and young people’s mental health has recently increased,a...BACKGROUND Mental illness is a health challenge faced by adolescents that has grown worse after the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Research on social media and young people’s mental health has recently increased,and numerous studies have examined whether frequent use of social media is linked to issues such as anxiety,stress,depression,eating disorders,insomnia,frustration,feeling alone,and externalizing problems among adolescents.This influence of social media on adolescents’lives is clear,with many platforms like Facebook,Instagram,and YouTube playing an important role in daily interactions and self-expression.Even though social media offers numerous benefits,such as connectivity and information sharing,excessive usage can have detrimental effects on mental health,particularly among adolescents.AIM To study the impact of social media on the mental wellbeing of adolescents,and the associated potential dangers in India.METHODS A total of 204 adolescents aged 14 years to 23 years were included in the study.This study explored the intricate relationship between social media usage and adolescent mental health in India.The study employs a cross-sectional survey design to capture a snapshot of adolescent mental health and social media usage patterns.Data collection involved administering structured questionnaires and the analysis utilized quantitative methods,including descriptive statistics.RESULTS Excessive use of social media is correlated with increased stress,anxiety,and depression.Adolescents engage in compulsive behaviors such as scrolling in the middle of the night,which negatively impacts their mental and physical health,and leads to significant sleep disruption.Findings from the study aim to provide insights into the current state of adolescent mental health and inform strategies to promote positive wellbeing in the Indian population.CONCLUSION The study underscores the need for further research to better understand the complex interplay between social media and adolescent mental health,and need for effective strategies to combat online harassment.展开更多
Background:Fluorescence Microscope is a promising analytical method for the examination of the sequence of strokes of writing inks of different colours,brands,and models in a questioned document.Aims and Objectives:In...Background:Fluorescence Microscope is a promising analytical method for the examination of the sequence of strokes of writing inks of different colours,brands,and models in a questioned document.Aims and Objectives:In the present article,an attempt has been made to categorize the writing inks of different brands and colours on the basis of their fluorescence.Materials and Methods:Atotal of 36 writing inks were used to make the different intersections on a standard A4 sheet which were then analyzed under the excitation filters of the Fluorescence Microscope.Results:The results indicated that the different inks can be characterized optically based on the luminescent components of the ink present in crossed lined intersections.Conclusions:Fluorescence Microscopy is a relatively simple,fast,inexpensive,and non-destructive technology that can be used in conjunction with other,more complex,and expensive technologies to identify the sequence of line crossing.It can provide a novel way of analysis based on the assessment of microelement analysis and the characteristics of diverse ink handwriting samples.展开更多
Individual differences in treatment response in schizophrenia pose a significant challenge in the management of the disease,due to several biological as well as psychosocial factors,including genetic and epigenetic me...Individual differences in treatment response in schizophrenia pose a significant challenge in the management of the disease,due to several biological as well as psychosocial factors,including genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.Pharmacoepi-genetics investigates how epigenetic mechanisms affect the variability in effect-iveness of treatments and adverse side effects.Antipsychotics such as clozapine(atypical)and haloperidol(typical)directly induce epigenetic changes by altering DNA methyltransferases and histone acetyltransferases,while indirectly affecting neuroinflammatory and stress response pathways.Personalized medicine using epigenetic markers(DNA methylation,non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs)holds great promise for improving the drug response and reducing the side effects of antipsychotic treatment.These developments could revolutionize the treatment of schizophrenia by addressing the complexities involved in responding to treatment.However,ethical and technical barriers to implementing strategies based on epigenetic regulation in clinical practice are fundamental challenges that need to be carefully addressed in this field.This review examined the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the efficacy of antipsy-chotic drugs.展开更多
Cannabis sativa is a well-known plant species that has great economic and ecological significance.An incomplete genome of cloned C.sativa was obtained by using SOAPdenovo software in 2011.To further explore the utiliz...Cannabis sativa is a well-known plant species that has great economic and ecological significance.An incomplete genome of cloned C.sativa was obtained by using SOAPdenovo software in 2011.To further explore the utilization of this plant resource,we generated an updated draft genome sequence for wild-type varieties of C.sativa in China using PacBio single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C technology.Our assembled genome is approximately 808 Mb,with scaffold and contig N50 sizes of 83.00 Mb and 513.57 kb,respectively.Repetitive elements account for 74.75%of the genome.A total of 38,828 protein-coding genes were annotated,98.20%of which were functionally annotated.We provide the first comprehensive de novo genome of wild-type varieties of C.sativa distributed in Tibet,China.Due to long-term growth in the wild environment,these varieties exhibit higher heterozygosity and contain more genetic information.This genetic resource is of great value for future investigations of cannabinoid metabolic pathways and will aid in promoting the commercial production of C.sativa and the effective utilization of cannabinoids.The assembled genome is also a valuable resource for intensively and effectively investigating the C.sativa genome further in the future.展开更多
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage arising from radiations widely occurred along with the development of nuclear weapons and clinically wide application of computed tomography (CT) scan and nuclear medicine. All ioniz...Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage arising from radiations widely occurred along with the development of nuclear weapons and clinically wide application of computed tomography (CT) scan and nuclear medicine. All ionizing radiations (X-rays, γ-rays, alpha particles, etc.) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation lead to the DNA damage. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most wildly used techniques for detecting DNA damage as the amplification stops at the site of the damage. Improvements to enhance the efficiency of PCR are always required and remain a great challenge. Here we establish a multiplex PCR assay system (MPAS) that is served as a robust and efficient method for direct detection of target DNA sequences in genomic DNA. The establishment of the system is performed by adding a combination of PCR enhancers to standard PCR buffer. The performance of MPAS was demonstrated by carrying out the direct PCR amplification on 1.2 mm human blood punch using commercially available primer sets which include multiple primer pairs. The optimized PCR system resulted in high quality genotyping results without any inhibitory effect indicated and led to a full-profile success rate of 98.13%. Our studies demonstrate that the MPAS provides an efficient and robust method for obtaining sensitive, reliable and reproducible PCR results from human blood samples.展开更多
Objective To study the objectivity and reliability of needle electromyography and nerve conduction for detection of musculus extensor digitorum brevis strength, which may provide a basis for establishing a quantitativ...Objective To study the objectivity and reliability of needle electromyography and nerve conduction for detection of musculus extensor digitorum brevis strength, which may provide a basis for establishing a quantitative detection of muscle strength in forensic clinical study. Methods Forty-four healthy people were enrolled as the subjects, and during toe dorsiflexion, the following items including needle electromyography indexes, motor unit potential(MUP) amplitude, MUP count, recruitment reaction type, and nerve conduction detection indexes, compound muscle action potential(CMAP) amplitude, CMAP latent period and motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV), were simultaneously detected under the cooperation and disguise condition. Results Under the cooperation condition, regardless of the same operator or different operators, there were good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, while there were normal test-retest reliabilities in MUP count and recruitment reaction type and the repeatability of the same operator was slightly better than the repeatability between different operators. Under the disguise condition, test-retest reliabilities of MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV were relatively high, while test-retest reliabilities of MUP count and recruitment reaction type were relatively low. Conclusion There are good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, which can be conducive to comparison between different operators and results at various times; MUP count and recruitment reaction type, which can be easily affected by subjectivity of operators and examinees, can be used to differentiate whether an examinee disguises or not. The indexes used to objectively judge muscle strength remain to be further investigated.展开更多
The tire mark is the important legacy information left at the accident scene. Based on the vehicle collision dynamics model, this study provided an optimized algorithm with vehicle final location and other related inf...The tire mark is the important legacy information left at the accident scene. Based on the vehicle collision dynamics model, this study provided an optimized algorithm with vehicle final location and other related information for the tire marks. When the tire marks simulation results fit the real one well, the state of vehicle can be understood as the real state in the accident. Based on above, the vehicle velocity and direction are decided. According to the velocity and direction of the vehicle, the complete accident process can be simulated. With the help of the Pc-Crash software, the method has been applied in typical collision accident cases analysis. The reconstruction results will provide the scientific and numerical references for vehicle collision accidents analyzing and appraising.展开更多
The combination use of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate can be applied to hypersensitivity. Severe hypokalemia is a usual complication of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate therapy, which occurs frequently with th...The combination use of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate can be applied to hypersensitivity. Severe hypokalemia is a usual complication of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate therapy, which occurs frequently with therapeutic use. Fatal cases, accidental and intentional, occur frequently in forensic practice. The current case report presented a 43-year-old man with diabetes mellitus with infection, to whom dexamethasone and calcium gluconate were administered in the private clinic. With the development of such clinical symptoms of severe hypokalemia as quadriplegia, he was confirmed to have severe hypokalemia through a biochemical test before dying of arrhythmia. And also it presented pathophysiologic mechanism underlying severe hypokalemia as well as suggestions for clinical practice regarding combination use of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate.展开更多
The CoTmx Fe2-x O4(x≤0.1) NPs were synthesized sonochemically.X-ray powder diffraction patterns and TEM images of the samples prove their chemical purity and cubic structure-morphology,respectively.Some substitution ...The CoTmx Fe2-x O4(x≤0.1) NPs were synthesized sonochemically.X-ray powder diffraction patterns and TEM images of the samples prove their chemical purity and cubic structure-morphology,respectively.Some substitution ratio of thulium ions to cobalt ferrites have an important effect on the characteristic evaluation of both electrical and dielectric characteristic measured at frequencies up to 3.0 MHz between room temperature and 120℃.Since the thulium substitution has a very strong effect on the characteristic evaluation of both electrical and dielectric properties of cobalt-ferrite samples,four substitutio nal ranges-none,small,medium and high were determined for the interpretation of contribution of thulium ratio to ac/dc conductivity,dielectric constant,dielectric loss and tangent loss.Conductivity increases with the incremental frequencies,in general depending on a variety of tendencies of both temperature and substitutional Tm ratios while the activation energy varies with a high dependency to the regional level of Tm substitution in Co-ferrites NPs.The Arrhenius graph appears to provide us with a single activation energy much higher than 400 meV for x=0.02,which can be attributed to electron hopping mechanisms,apart from other substituted spinel ferrites.展开更多
Opium poppy(Papaver somniferum)is a source of morphine,codeine,and semisynthetic derivatives,including oxycodone and naltrexone.Here,we report the de novo assembly and genomic analysis of P.somniferum traditional land...Opium poppy(Papaver somniferum)is a source of morphine,codeine,and semisynthetic derivatives,including oxycodone and naltrexone.Here,we report the de novo assembly and genomic analysis of P.somniferum traditional landrace‘Chinese Herbal Medicine’.Variations between the 2.62 Gb CHM genome and that of the previously sequenced high noscapine 1(HN1)variety were also explored.Among 79,668 protein-coding genes,we functionally annotated 88.9%,compared to 68.8%reported in the HN1 genome.Gene family and 4DTv comparative analyses with three other Papaveraceae species revealed that opium poppy underwent two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events.The first of these,in ancestral Ranunculales,expanded gene families related to characteristic secondary metabolite production and disease resistance.The more recent species-specific WGD mediated by transposable elements resulted in massive genome expansion.Genes carrying structural variations and large-effect variants associated with agronomically different phenotypes between CHM and HN1 that were identified through our transcriptomic comparison of multiple organs and developmental stages can enable the development of new varieties.These genomic and transcriptomic analyses will provide a valuable resource that informs future basic and agricultural studies of the opium poppy.展开更多
Simultaneous separation of 17 species of heroin, amphetamine and their basic impurities and adulterants was conducted within 10 minutes by using capillary microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. The influences of...Simultaneous separation of 17 species of heroin, amphetamine and their basic impurities and adulterants was conducted within 10 minutes by using capillary microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. The influences of pH and 1-butanol cosurfactant on the separation were investigated, and 1-butanol was found to be a principal factor to improve separation efficiency.展开更多
文摘The AGCU X Plus STR system is a newly developed multiplex PCR kit that detects 32 X-chromosomal STR loci simultaneously.These are DXS6807,DXS9895,linkage group 1(DXS10148,DXS10135,DXS8378),DXS9902,DXS6795,DXS6810,DXS10159,DXS10162,DXS10164,DXS7132,linkage group 2(DXS10079,DXS10074,DXS10075),DXS981,DXS6800,DXS6803,DXS6809,DXS6789,DXS7424,DXS101,DXS7133,GATA172D05,GATA165B12,linkage group 3(DXS10103,HPRTB,DXS10101),GATA31E08 and linkage group 4(DXS8377,DXS10134,DXS7423).A major advantage of this kit is that it takes into account linkage between loci,in addition to detecting more X-STR loci.In order to evaluate the forensic application of 32 X-STR fl uorescence amplifi cation system,PCR settings,sensitivity,species specifi city,stability,DNA mixtures,concordance,stutter,sizing precision,and population genetics investigation were evaluated according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods(SWGDAM)developmental validation guidelines.The study showed that the genotyping results of each locus were signifi cantly accurate when the DNA template was at least 62.5 pg.Complete profi les were obtained for the 1∶1 and 1∶3 combinations.A total of 209 unrelated individuals from Southern Chinese Han community,consisting of 84 females and 125 males,were selected for population studies,and 285 allele profi les were detected from 32 X-STR loci.The polymorphism information content(PIC)ranged from 0.2721 in DXS6800,to 0.9105 in DXS10135,with an average of 0.6798.DXS10135(PIC=0.9105)was the most polymorphic locus,with discrimination power(DP)of 0.9164 and 0.9871 for the male and female.The cumulative PD_(F),PD_(M),MEC_(trio) and MEC_(duo) valu es were all greater than 0.999999999.There were 78 different DXS10103-HPRTB-DXS10101 haplotypes among the 125 males,and the haplotype diversity was 0.9810.There was no signifi cant difference in the cumulative PD_(F),PD_(M),MEC_(trio) and MEC_(duo) values whether considering linkage or not.In summary,the new X-STR multiplex typing system is effective and reliable,which can be useful in human genetic analysis and kinship testing as a potent complement to autosomal STR typing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82371389,82071382(to MZ)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,PAPD(to MZ)+4 种基金Jiangsu Maternal and Child Health Research Key Project,No.F202013(to HS)Jiangsu 333 High Level Talent Training Project,2022(to HS)Gusu District Health Talent Training Project,No.2024145(to HS)Suzhou BenQ Medical Center Project,No.H220918(to MZ)Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship,Soochow University,No.202410285091Z(to MZ)。
文摘Mitophagy is closely associated with the pathogenesis of secondary spinal cord injury.Abnormal mitophagy may contribute significantly to secondary spinal cord injury,leading to the impaired production of adenosine triphosphate,ion imbalance,the excessive production of reactive oxygen species,neuroinflammation,and neuronal cell death.Therefore,maintaining an appropriate balance of mitophagy is crucial when treating spinal cord injury,as both excessive and insufficient mitophagy can impede recovery.In this review,we summarize the pathological changes associated with spinal cord injury,the mechanisms of mitophagy,and the direct and indirect relationships between mitophagy and spinal cord injury.We also consider therapeutic approaches that target mitophagy for the treatment of spinal cord injury,including ongoing clinical trials and other innovative therapies,such as use of stem cells,nanomaterials,and small molecule polymers.Finally,we highlight the current challenges facing this field and suggest potential directions for future research.The aim of our review is to provide a theoretical reference for future studies targeting mitophagy in the treatment of spinal cord injury.
文摘The Central Institute of Forensic Science(CIFS)has been providing DNA testing services to Thai people since 2002.Bone accounts for majority of the biological specimens tested,constituting approximately 26%in total evidence.DNA recovery from the bone is challenging owing to degradation and the presence of inhibitors.Therefore,guidelines for bone selection,extraction,and DNA typing are essential for the routine laboratory of CIFS to maximize DNA yield,and minimize time and cost.In this study,we extracted three types of bones:femur,occipital,and petrous,from 12 bodies using a modified organic extraction and silica-based method.The success rate of the Short Tandem Repeat(STR)typing was determined through the number of reportable loci.Furthermore,analysis of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)was performed using the massively parallel sequencing technique.Coverage and variant analyses of all samples were evaluated.The results indicate that the femur exhibits the highest success rate in STR typing.The results,in decreasing order,are as follows:femur>petrous>occipital.We determined that silica-based extraction is the most efficient technique for the STR typing;however,modified organic extraction can be used as an alternative method in obtaining mtDNA.The outcome from this study could serve as a guide for identifying human remains and missing persons in the CIFS laboratory,as well as other Thai forensic laboratories.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Technology Research&Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China(2012BAK16B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of Peo-ple’s Republic of China(No.81222041,81172908)
文摘Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link between sample donors and actual criminal acts.However,the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations,such as time consumption,intensive labor,nonparallel manner,varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity.Recently,the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression(mRNA profiling)has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification.Since 2011,the collaborative exercises have been organized by the European DNA Profiling Group(EDNAP)in order to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of mRNA profiling for body fluid identification.The major advantages of mRNA profiling,compared to the conventional methods,include higher sensitivity,greater specificity,the ability of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction,and compatibility with current DNA extraction and analysis procedure.In the current review,we provided an overview of the present knowledge and detection methodologies of mRNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification and discussed its possible practical application to forensic casework.
基金This study was funded Natural Science Foundation would like to thank Prof. technical assistance, who Huadong Hospital, Shangh by the Council of National of China （GY2012-1）. We ZHANG Guo-zhen for his works in the CT room of ai, China.
文摘It is never an easy thing to diagnose heart vascular disease only depending on the unenhanced postmortem computed tomography(PMCT).This article reported a case of sudden natural death after the complaint of anterior chest pain in which coronary artery calcification(CAC) was clearly displayed using PMCT scan.The entire coronary artery system was almost reconstructed via multiplanar reformation(MPR) and volume-rendering reconstruction(VR),and the total calcium score of the coronary arteries was obtained with CaScoring automatic analysis software.The results showed that CAC was conspicuous;the total calcium score was 640.3,considerably higher than 400.The pulmonary ground-glass opacity(GGO) and small amount of fluid both in the subglottic trachea and main bronchi were also found.The imaging results confirmed those of autopsy.In addition,the results concluded that PMCT might serve as an invaluable adjunct to the classic autopsy procedure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071382(to MZ),81601306(to HS)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)(to MZ)+5 种基金Jiangsu 333 High Level Talent Training Project(2022)(to HS)the Jiangsu Maternal and Child Health Research Key Project(F202013)(to HS)Jiangsu Talent Youth Medical Program,No.QNRC2016245(to HS)Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine,No.KF2102(to MZ)Suzhou Science and Technology Development Project,No.SYS2020089(to MZ)the Fifth Batch of Gusu District Health Talent Training Project,No.GSWS2019060(to HS)。
文摘Brain homeostasis refe rs to the normal working state of the brain in a certain period,which is impo rtant for overall health and normal life activities.Currently,there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the adverse consequences caused by brain homeostasis imbalance.Snapin is a protein that assists in the formation of neuronal synapses and plays a crucial role in the normal growth and development of synapses.Recently,many researchers have reported the association between snapin and neurologic and psychiatric disorders,demonstrating that snapin can improve brain homeostasis.Clinical manifestations of brain disease often involve imbalances in brain homeostasis and may lead to neurological and behavioral sequelae.This article aims to explo re the role of snapin in restoring brain homeostasis after injury or diseases,highlighting its significance in maintaining brain homeostasis and treating brain diseases.Additionally,it comprehensively discusses the implications of snapin in other extracerebral diseases such as diabetes and viral infections,with the objective of determining the clinical potential of snapin in maintaining brain homeostasis.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81460286)the Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(GDUPS)(2017)China
文摘To further enrich the genetic data of the Chinese Xinjiang Mongolian group,the genetic distribution and forensic parameters of 19 autosomal short tandem repeats(STRs)were investigated.Altogether,249 alleles were observed in these 19 STRs.The mean values of the polymorphism information content(PIC),match probability(MP),discrimination power(DP),and probability of exclusion(PE)for these 19 STRs were 0.7775,0.0699,0.9301,and 0.6085,respectively.Additionally,the cumulative DP and PE values obtained in the Mongolian group were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 995 67 and 0.999 999 992 163,respectively.
文摘GHB （γ-hydroxybutyrate） is becoming popular recreational drugs. As a result of its strong sedative and amnesiac effects, GHB has been implicated in a number of DFSA cases. The natural presence of GHB in the human body and its rapid elimination after ingestion make it difficult to detect and to evaluate its roles in suspected GHB-facilitated assaults. The paper describes an analytical method for the determination of GHB in urine using LC-MS/MS. Samples were acidified by ammonium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and then the extracts were analysed by LC-MS/MS. The limit of detection was 0.05 p.g/mL （S/N = 3）. The intra- and inter-day precision was within 10.0% at three concentrations. The methods were found to be sensitive, accurate, rapid and suitable for the forensic toxicology to test GHB in real cases.
文摘The DNATyper^(TM)21 kit has good species specificity,typing accuracy,and locus amplification balance,which can be used for forensic genetic analysis such as individual identification and paternity testing.To improve the anti-inhibitor ability of this kit,the addition of bovine serum albumin(BSA),bovine thrombin(BT),FastStart Taq DNA Polymerase,TaKaRa Ex Taq Hot Start Version(Ex Taq HS),MyFiTM DNA Polymerase,and Klentaq DNA Polymerase(Klentaq)as PCR enhancers to the PCR reaction system was explored in the presence of different concentrations of inhibitors,such as indigo,humic acid(HA),hemoglobin,heme,and melanin.The results revealed that BSA exhibited high efficiency in improving the detection rate of STR loci;BT only helped to overcome the typing inhibition caused by indigo,melanin,HA,and heme;Four types of DNA polymerase had different anti-inhibitor effects on different inhibitors,among which Ex Taq HS was more effective than the other three DNA polymerases,but displayed comparatively lower resistance to hemoglobin than BSA and BT.This study provides basic data for further optimization of the kit through comprehensive analysis and facilitates its application in daily forensic investigations.
文摘BACKGROUND Mental illness is a health challenge faced by adolescents that has grown worse after the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Research on social media and young people’s mental health has recently increased,and numerous studies have examined whether frequent use of social media is linked to issues such as anxiety,stress,depression,eating disorders,insomnia,frustration,feeling alone,and externalizing problems among adolescents.This influence of social media on adolescents’lives is clear,with many platforms like Facebook,Instagram,and YouTube playing an important role in daily interactions and self-expression.Even though social media offers numerous benefits,such as connectivity and information sharing,excessive usage can have detrimental effects on mental health,particularly among adolescents.AIM To study the impact of social media on the mental wellbeing of adolescents,and the associated potential dangers in India.METHODS A total of 204 adolescents aged 14 years to 23 years were included in the study.This study explored the intricate relationship between social media usage and adolescent mental health in India.The study employs a cross-sectional survey design to capture a snapshot of adolescent mental health and social media usage patterns.Data collection involved administering structured questionnaires and the analysis utilized quantitative methods,including descriptive statistics.RESULTS Excessive use of social media is correlated with increased stress,anxiety,and depression.Adolescents engage in compulsive behaviors such as scrolling in the middle of the night,which negatively impacts their mental and physical health,and leads to significant sleep disruption.Findings from the study aim to provide insights into the current state of adolescent mental health and inform strategies to promote positive wellbeing in the Indian population.CONCLUSION The study underscores the need for further research to better understand the complex interplay between social media and adolescent mental health,and need for effective strategies to combat online harassment.
文摘Background:Fluorescence Microscope is a promising analytical method for the examination of the sequence of strokes of writing inks of different colours,brands,and models in a questioned document.Aims and Objectives:In the present article,an attempt has been made to categorize the writing inks of different brands and colours on the basis of their fluorescence.Materials and Methods:Atotal of 36 writing inks were used to make the different intersections on a standard A4 sheet which were then analyzed under the excitation filters of the Fluorescence Microscope.Results:The results indicated that the different inks can be characterized optically based on the luminescent components of the ink present in crossed lined intersections.Conclusions:Fluorescence Microscopy is a relatively simple,fast,inexpensive,and non-destructive technology that can be used in conjunction with other,more complex,and expensive technologies to identify the sequence of line crossing.It can provide a novel way of analysis based on the assessment of microelement analysis and the characteristics of diverse ink handwriting samples.
文摘Individual differences in treatment response in schizophrenia pose a significant challenge in the management of the disease,due to several biological as well as psychosocial factors,including genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.Pharmacoepi-genetics investigates how epigenetic mechanisms affect the variability in effect-iveness of treatments and adverse side effects.Antipsychotics such as clozapine(atypical)and haloperidol(typical)directly induce epigenetic changes by altering DNA methyltransferases and histone acetyltransferases,while indirectly affecting neuroinflammatory and stress response pathways.Personalized medicine using epigenetic markers(DNA methylation,non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs)holds great promise for improving the drug response and reducing the side effects of antipsychotic treatment.These developments could revolutionize the treatment of schizophrenia by addressing the complexities involved in responding to treatment.However,ethical and technical barriers to implementing strategies based on epigenetic regulation in clinical practice are fundamental challenges that need to be carefully addressed in this field.This review examined the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the efficacy of antipsy-chotic drugs.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China(Grant 2018YFC0807401)provided financial support for this study.
文摘Cannabis sativa is a well-known plant species that has great economic and ecological significance.An incomplete genome of cloned C.sativa was obtained by using SOAPdenovo software in 2011.To further explore the utilization of this plant resource,we generated an updated draft genome sequence for wild-type varieties of C.sativa in China using PacBio single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C technology.Our assembled genome is approximately 808 Mb,with scaffold and contig N50 sizes of 83.00 Mb and 513.57 kb,respectively.Repetitive elements account for 74.75%of the genome.A total of 38,828 protein-coding genes were annotated,98.20%of which were functionally annotated.We provide the first comprehensive de novo genome of wild-type varieties of C.sativa distributed in Tibet,China.Due to long-term growth in the wild environment,these varieties exhibit higher heterozygosity and contain more genetic information.This genetic resource is of great value for future investigations of cannabinoid metabolic pathways and will aid in promoting the commercial production of C.sativa and the effective utilization of cannabinoids.The assembled genome is also a valuable resource for intensively and effectively investigating the C.sativa genome further in the future.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21077321,21105028,21075128)K.C.Wong Education Foundation,Hong Kong,China
文摘Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage arising from radiations widely occurred along with the development of nuclear weapons and clinically wide application of computed tomography (CT) scan and nuclear medicine. All ionizing radiations (X-rays, γ-rays, alpha particles, etc.) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation lead to the DNA damage. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most wildly used techniques for detecting DNA damage as the amplification stops at the site of the damage. Improvements to enhance the efficiency of PCR are always required and remain a great challenge. Here we establish a multiplex PCR assay system (MPAS) that is served as a robust and efficient method for direct detection of target DNA sequences in genomic DNA. The establishment of the system is performed by adding a combination of PCR enhancers to standard PCR buffer. The performance of MPAS was demonstrated by carrying out the direct PCR amplification on 1.2 mm human blood punch using commercially available primer sets which include multiple primer pairs. The optimized PCR system resulted in high quality genotyping results without any inhibitory effect indicated and led to a full-profile success rate of 98.13%. Our studies demonstrate that the MPAS provides an efficient and robust method for obtaining sensitive, reliable and reproducible PCR results from human blood samples.
文摘Objective To study the objectivity and reliability of needle electromyography and nerve conduction for detection of musculus extensor digitorum brevis strength, which may provide a basis for establishing a quantitative detection of muscle strength in forensic clinical study. Methods Forty-four healthy people were enrolled as the subjects, and during toe dorsiflexion, the following items including needle electromyography indexes, motor unit potential(MUP) amplitude, MUP count, recruitment reaction type, and nerve conduction detection indexes, compound muscle action potential(CMAP) amplitude, CMAP latent period and motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV), were simultaneously detected under the cooperation and disguise condition. Results Under the cooperation condition, regardless of the same operator or different operators, there were good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, while there were normal test-retest reliabilities in MUP count and recruitment reaction type and the repeatability of the same operator was slightly better than the repeatability between different operators. Under the disguise condition, test-retest reliabilities of MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV were relatively high, while test-retest reliabilities of MUP count and recruitment reaction type were relatively low. Conclusion There are good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, which can be conducive to comparison between different operators and results at various times; MUP count and recruitment reaction type, which can be easily affected by subjectivity of operators and examinees, can be used to differentiate whether an examinee disguises or not. The indexes used to objectively judge muscle strength remain to be further investigated.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60174023)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.863 -2007AA11Z234).
文摘The tire mark is the important legacy information left at the accident scene. Based on the vehicle collision dynamics model, this study provided an optimized algorithm with vehicle final location and other related information for the tire marks. When the tire marks simulation results fit the real one well, the state of vehicle can be understood as the real state in the accident. Based on above, the vehicle velocity and direction are decided. According to the velocity and direction of the vehicle, the complete accident process can be simulated. With the help of the Pc-Crash software, the method has been applied in typical collision accident cases analysis. The reconstruction results will provide the scientific and numerical references for vehicle collision accidents analyzing and appraising.
文摘The combination use of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate can be applied to hypersensitivity. Severe hypokalemia is a usual complication of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate therapy, which occurs frequently with therapeutic use. Fatal cases, accidental and intentional, occur frequently in forensic practice. The current case report presented a 43-year-old man with diabetes mellitus with infection, to whom dexamethasone and calcium gluconate were administered in the private clinic. With the development of such clinical symptoms of severe hypokalemia as quadriplegia, he was confirmed to have severe hypokalemia through a biochemical test before dying of arrhythmia. And also it presented pathophysiologic mechanism underlying severe hypokalemia as well as suggestions for clinical practice regarding combination use of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate.
基金The Institute for Research and Medical Consultations of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Saudi Arabia) is highly acknowledged for providing the supports through the Projects application No.2019-IRMC-S-1。
文摘The CoTmx Fe2-x O4(x≤0.1) NPs were synthesized sonochemically.X-ray powder diffraction patterns and TEM images of the samples prove their chemical purity and cubic structure-morphology,respectively.Some substitution ratio of thulium ions to cobalt ferrites have an important effect on the characteristic evaluation of both electrical and dielectric characteristic measured at frequencies up to 3.0 MHz between room temperature and 120℃.Since the thulium substitution has a very strong effect on the characteristic evaluation of both electrical and dielectric properties of cobalt-ferrite samples,four substitutio nal ranges-none,small,medium and high were determined for the interpretation of contribution of thulium ratio to ac/dc conductivity,dielectric constant,dielectric loss and tangent loss.Conductivity increases with the incremental frequencies,in general depending on a variety of tendencies of both temperature and substitutional Tm ratios while the activation energy varies with a high dependency to the regional level of Tm substitution in Co-ferrites NPs.The Arrhenius graph appears to provide us with a single activation energy much higher than 400 meV for x=0.02,which can be attributed to electron hopping mechanisms,apart from other substituted spinel ferrites.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Grant 81671876)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(Grant 2016JB024)。
文摘Opium poppy(Papaver somniferum)is a source of morphine,codeine,and semisynthetic derivatives,including oxycodone and naltrexone.Here,we report the de novo assembly and genomic analysis of P.somniferum traditional landrace‘Chinese Herbal Medicine’.Variations between the 2.62 Gb CHM genome and that of the previously sequenced high noscapine 1(HN1)variety were also explored.Among 79,668 protein-coding genes,we functionally annotated 88.9%,compared to 68.8%reported in the HN1 genome.Gene family and 4DTv comparative analyses with three other Papaveraceae species revealed that opium poppy underwent two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events.The first of these,in ancestral Ranunculales,expanded gene families related to characteristic secondary metabolite production and disease resistance.The more recent species-specific WGD mediated by transposable elements resulted in massive genome expansion.Genes carrying structural variations and large-effect variants associated with agronomically different phenotypes between CHM and HN1 that were identified through our transcriptomic comparison of multiple organs and developmental stages can enable the development of new varieties.These genomic and transcriptomic analyses will provide a valuable resource that informs future basic and agricultural studies of the opium poppy.
基金supported by National“10.5”Project(No.2001DA801B04)National“863”Project(No.2002AA2Z2004).
文摘Simultaneous separation of 17 species of heroin, amphetamine and their basic impurities and adulterants was conducted within 10 minutes by using capillary microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. The influences of pH and 1-butanol cosurfactant on the separation were investigated, and 1-butanol was found to be a principal factor to improve separation efficiency.
