Achieving optimal mechanical performance in high-pressure die-cast(HPDC)Mg-based alloys through experimental methods is both costly and time-intensive due to significant variations in composition.This study leverages ...Achieving optimal mechanical performance in high-pressure die-cast(HPDC)Mg-based alloys through experimental methods is both costly and time-intensive due to significant variations in composition.This study leverages machine learning(ML)techniques to accelerate the development of high-performance Mg-based alloys.Data on alloy composition and mechanical properties were collected from literature sources,focusing on HPDC Mg-based alloys.Six ML models—extra trees,CatBoost,k-nearest neighbors,random forest,gradient boosting,and decision tree—were trained to predict mechanical behavior.Cat Boost yielded the highest prediction accuracy with R^(2) scores of 0.95 for ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and 0.92 for yield strength(YS).Further validation using published datasets reaffirmed its reliability,demonstrating R^(2) values of 0.956(UTS)and 0.936(YS),MAE of 1%and 2.8%,and RMSE of 1%and 3.5%,respectively.Among these,the CatBoost model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy,outperforming other ML techniques across multiple optimization metrics.展开更多
Levees are affected by over-exploitation of river sand and river adjustments after the formation of sand pits. The slope stability is seriously threatened, drawing wide concern among experts and scholars in the area o...Levees are affected by over-exploitation of river sand and river adjustments after the formation of sand pits. The slope stability is seriously threatened, drawing wide concern among experts and scholars in the area of water conservancy. This study analyzed the uncertainties of slope stability of levees under river sand mining conditions, including uncertainty caused by interest- driven over-exploitation by sand mining contractors, and uncertainty of the distance from the slope or sand pit to the bottom of the levee under the action of cross-flow force after the sand pit forms. Based on the results of uncertainty analysis, the distribution and related parameters of these uncertainties were estimated according to the Yangtze River sand mining practice. A risk model of the slope instability of a levee under river sand mining conditions was built, and the possibility of slope instability under different slope gradients in a certain reach of the Yangtze River was calculated with the Monte Carlo method and probability combination method. The results indicated that the probability of instability risk rose from 2.38% to 4.74% as the pits came into being.展开更多
The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of two lotic aquatic habitats,namely,the Churni River(C-R)and the Jalangi River(J-R)were compared in this study.One lotic aquatic system(C-R)was polluted by organic pollutants...The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of two lotic aquatic habitats,namely,the Churni River(C-R)and the Jalangi River(J-R)were compared in this study.One lotic aquatic system(C-R)was polluted by organic pollutants due to discharge of unprocessed sewage water,while the other(J-R)was not affected by such pollution.Evaluations of various physico-chemical properties of water,sediment and different macroinvertebrate communities of the two tropical lotic systems were done in a period from January,2002 to December,2003.A long term temporal change in the macroinvertebrate communities was recorded due to increase in sediment rH value.Sediment redox potential affected by the anthropogenic activities was found to be an important factor for alteration of macroinvertebrate communities in these aquatic ecosystems.A positive correlation has been established between rH and Margalef index in this study.Potassium and the total count of coliform bacteria in water showed significantly higher values for the polluted Churni River than those for the Jalangi River.Fig 3,Tab 4,Ref展开更多
In this paper we have designed an implemented an integrated framework of QoS for Three Level Mobility Model(TLMM),which has been recently proved to be the optimal mobility management solution for next generation wirel...In this paper we have designed an implemented an integrated framework of QoS for Three Level Mobility Model(TLMM),which has been recently proved to be the optimal mobility management solution for next generation wireless IP-based networks.The QoS solution uses a combination of IntServ and DiffServ models incorporated in TLMM architecture.The paper also proposes an effi cient dynamic handover policy that takes care of false handover.Simulation and analytical results have shown that this infrastructure guarantees eff icient QoS handling and scalability among end users.To provide a comparative understanding of the QoS mechanism and signaling load of TLMM we have used TeleMIP(without QoS support) and MIP as alternative mobility management protocols.展开更多
The eccentric connectivity index based on degree and eccentricity of the vertices of a graph is a widely used graph invariant in mathematics. In this paper we present the explicit generalized expressions for the eccen...The eccentric connectivity index based on degree and eccentricity of the vertices of a graph is a widely used graph invariant in mathematics. In this paper we present the explicit generalized expressions for the eccentric connectivity index and polynomial of the thorn graphs, and then consider some particular cases.展开更多
Plankton communities of three reservoirs of India reflect the direct relationship with organic pollution. The assessment of water quality as highly or lowly organically polluted for the three water bodies has been ach...Plankton communities of three reservoirs of India reflect the direct relationship with organic pollution. The assessment of water quality as highly or lowly organically polluted for the three water bodies has been achieved with help of algal community, which can be used as an indicator of organic pollution. Algal pollution indices according to Palmer[1] and Watanabe[2] and based on genus and species were used in rating water samples for high or low organic pollution. Among 26 genera of algae found in India, 20 most frequent and common genera were taken into account for indexing pollution status. Water quality index (WQI) on the basis of weighting and rating of the chemical parameter was also used to correlate the Palmer index with physico-chemical parameters of the three reservoirs. Fig 5, Tab 3, Ref展开更多
In this article we have demonstrated BEC （Bose-Einstein Condensate） which is the fifth state of matter. Recent development of gamma-ray laser and scenario of black holes are highlighted. From the Stephen W. Hawking...In this article we have demonstrated BEC （Bose-Einstein Condensate） which is the fifth state of matter. Recent development of gamma-ray laser and scenario of black holes are highlighted. From the Stephen W. Hawking＇s lecture at KTH, Stockholm and the experimental evidence of LIGO scientific collaboration, USA, it is found that binary type black holes exist and can emit information which is detectable. Hence the source of information of black holes is not relay black; constituents are the densest state of material considered to be the fifth state and the primordial state of the Universe.展开更多
Hybrid metal matrix composites (Hmmc) are found to be more superior than the conventional composite materials because of their improved mechanical properties, which can be suited for an extensive range of engineering ...Hybrid metal matrix composites (Hmmc) are found to be more superior than the conventional composite materials because of their improved mechanical properties, which can be suited for an extensive range of engineering applications. Automobile and aerospace industries widely make use of hybrid composites as they possess excellent corrosion, wear resistance, low density, and high strength. This paper displays the strategy to build the hybrid composite utilizing Stir casting Method. Present investigation includes the creation of composites utilizing boron carbide (2%, 4%, 6% volume) and Red mud (2% volume) as the reinforcements and Structural aluminium as the matrix. Experimental investigation of wear analysis of the composites was carried out according to the L9 Taguchi method. The designated number of experiments was accomplished to probe the impact of control factors on the specific wear rate (SWR) of the developed composites. ANOVA was carried out and Wt%. Reinforcement was found to be the decisive factor on the SWR of the developed hybrid composite. The Confirmatory test was successfully carried out and the computed error was found to be varying from 0.878% to 2.58%.展开更多
In the 21st century with the exponential growth of the Internet, the vulnerability of the network which connects us is on the rise at a very fast pace. Today organizations are spending millions of dollars to protect t...In the 21st century with the exponential growth of the Internet, the vulnerability of the network which connects us is on the rise at a very fast pace. Today organizations are spending millions of dollars to protect their sensitive data from different vulnerabilities that they face every day. In this paper, a new methodology towards implementing an Intrusion Detection & Prevention System (IDPS) based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) onto Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed. This system not only detects different network attacks but also prevents them from being propagated. The parallel structure of an ANN makes it potentially fast for the computation of certain tasks. FPGA platforms are the optimum and best choice for the modern digital systems nowadays. The same feature makes ANN well suited for implementation in FPGA technology. Hardware realization of ANN to a large extent depends on the efficient implementation of a single neuron. However FPGA realization of ANNs with a large number of neurons is still a challenging task. The proposed multilayer ANN based IDPS uses multiple neurons for higher performance and greater accuracy. Simulation of the design in MATLAB SIMULINK 2010b by using Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) CUP dataset shows a very good performance. Subsequently MATLAB HDL coder was used to generate VHDL code for the proposed design that produced Intellectual Property (IP) cores for Xilinx Targeted Design Platforms. For evaluation purposes the proposed design was synthesized, implemented and tested onto Xilinx Virtex-7 2000T FPGA device.展开更多
The chromaticity of solar spectrum is studied with the help of a Solar Spectrum Monitor system that can detect individual color in the spectrum. Recent observations done by the detector on the Solar Radiation and the ...The chromaticity of solar spectrum is studied with the help of a Solar Spectrum Monitor system that can detect individual color in the spectrum. Recent observations done by the detector on the Solar Radiation and the Erath Milieu Experiment suggest that the sun’s visible spectral irradiance changes from May 2009 to September 2012. The data of Earth’s coordinates and environment have been taken since April 2005 after the devastating Tsunami (December, 2004) of India. The bizarre data of?zenith angle,?azimuth angle, and?temperature?of the Earth’s atmosphere show their changes of maxima and minima epoch to epoch. The data of solar spectrum monitor have been taking since 2009 and significant transformations of colored ratios?ΔRB/W?and?ΔRR/W?per hour are observed among the regions of each solstice between 2009 and 2012. The author advocates that the abrupt vagaries of the Earth’s movements may cause devastating tsunamis, earthquake, volcanic eruption, cyclones and tornadoes in addition of anomalous changes of solar spectral irradiation, humidity, temperature and pressure;those effects may spoil ecological balance and extinct some living species from the soil of the earth.展开更多
This paper investigates the threshold voltage sensitivity to metal gate work-function for n-channel double gate fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) structures and evaluates the short channel performance of the device...This paper investigates the threshold voltage sensitivity to metal gate work-function for n-channel double gate fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) structures and evaluates the short channel performance of the device using threshold voltage dependence on metal gate work-function analysis. We carried out the study for a double gate n-channel fin field-effect transistor (n-FinFET) with parameters as per the projection report of International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, ITRS-2011 for low standby power (LSTP) 20 nm gate length technology node. In the present study device simulation have been carried out using PADRE simulator from MuGFET, which is based on the drift-diffusion theory. Our results show the accuracy and validity of classical drift-diffusion simulation results for transistor structures with lateral dimensions 10nm and above. The subthreshold behavior of device improves with increased metal gate work-function. The results also show that a higher gate work-function (≥5 eV) can fulfill the tolerable off-current as projected in ITRS 2011 report. The SCE in FinFET can reasonably be controlled and improved by proper adjustment of the metal gate work-function. DIBL is reduced with the increase in gate work function.展开更多
Political instability has increased drastically in Pakistan during the last few decades.This may intensify the fear of investors and eventually affect investment decisions.Therefore,the stock market’s reaction to pol...Political instability has increased drastically in Pakistan during the last few decades.This may intensify the fear of investors and eventually affect investment decisions.Therefore,the stock market’s reaction to political stability must be explored and appropriate policy measures should be prescribed.This paper examines the effect of political stability on stock market returns and volatility using time series data from Pakistan for the period from January 02,2004,to May 31,2018.The study uses the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic(GARCH)and Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic(EGARCH)models to achieve the main objectives.The findings of the GARCH and EGARCH models confirm that political stability has a positive and significant influence on both stock market returns and volatility in Pakistan.In addition,the EGARCH findings indicate that negative shock(political instability)creates more volatility in the stock market than positive shock(political stability).The results of this study reveal that financial market investors are affected more by political instability.In conclusion,this study suggests that political stability is an essential factor affecting financial market volatility,and it leads to stable financial markets.It also emphasizes that political instability needs to be resolved to achieve stable financial markets.展开更多
Quantum Computing and Quantum Information Science seem very promising and developing rapidly since its inception in early 1980s by Paul Benioff with the proposal of quantum mechanical model of the Turing machine and l...Quantum Computing and Quantum Information Science seem very promising and developing rapidly since its inception in early 1980s by Paul Benioff with the proposal of quantum mechanical model of the Turing machine and later By Richard Feynman and Yuri Manin for the proposal of a quantum computers for simulating various problems that classical computer could not.Quantum computers have a computational advantage for some problems,over classical computers and most applications are trying to use an efficient combination of classical and quantum computers like Shor’s factoring algorithm.Other areas that are expected to be benefitted from quantum computing are Machine Learning and deep learning,molecular biology,genomics and cancer research,space exploration,atomic and nuclear research and macro-economic forecasting.This paper represents a brief overview of the state of art of quantum computing and quantum information science with discussions of various theoretical and experimental aspects adopted by the researchers.展开更多
This paper describes a high security data transmission system over X-band microwave frequency. The paper has two parts. The first part deals with encryption of binary data by Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) using V...This paper describes a high security data transmission system over X-band microwave frequency. The paper has two parts. The first part deals with encryption of binary data by Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) using VHDL modeling of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The second part deals with a novel idea of transmitting the encrypted data by using a single klystron. This requires the simultaneous generation of a pair of two independent RF frequencies from a reflex klystron working for X-band frequency range. In this scheme, the klystron is suitably biased on the repeller terminal and superimposed on a train of AES encrypted binary data so as to create two RF frequencies one corresponding to negative peaks and the other one to the positive peaks of the data resulting in an Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) signal. The results have been verified experimentally.展开更多
The Zagrebeccentricity indices are the eccentricity version of the classical Zagrebindices. The first Zagrebeccentricity index (E1(G)) is defined as sum of squares of the eccentricities of the vertices and the second ...The Zagrebeccentricity indices are the eccentricity version of the classical Zagrebindices. The first Zagrebeccentricity index (E1(G)) is defined as sum of squares of the eccentricities of the vertices and the second Zagrebeccentricity index (E2(G)) is equal to sum of product of the eccentricities of the adjacent vertices. In this paper we give some new upper and lower bounds for first and second Zagreb eccentricity indices.展开更多
The purpose of this inventory model is to investigate the retailer’s optimal replenishment policy under permissible delay in payments. In this paper, we assume that the supplier would offer the retailer partially per...The purpose of this inventory model is to investigate the retailer’s optimal replenishment policy under permissible delay in payments. In this paper, we assume that the supplier would offer the retailer partially permissible delay in payments when the order quantity is smaller than a predetermined quantity (W). The most inventory systems are usually formed without considering the effect of deterioration of items which deteriorate continuously like fresh fruits, vegetables etc. Here we consider the loss due to deterioration. In real world situation, the demand of some items varies with change of seasons and occasions. So it is more significant if the loss of deterioration is time dependent. Considering all these facts, this inventory model has been developed to make more realistic and flexible marketing policy to the retailer, also establish the result by ANOVA analysis by treating different model parameters as factors.展开更多
Quantum Key Distribution seems very promising as it offers unconditional security,that’s why it is being implemented by the tech giants of the networking industry and government.Having quantum phenomenon as a backbon...Quantum Key Distribution seems very promising as it offers unconditional security,that’s why it is being implemented by the tech giants of the networking industry and government.Having quantum phenomenon as a backbone,QKD protocols become indecipherable.Here we have focused on the complexities of quantum key distribution and how this technology has contributed to secure key communication.This article gives an updated overview of this technology and can serve as a guide to get familiar with the current trends of quantum cryptography.展开更多
I describe a method for the observation of Positronium (Ps) involvement in the solar radiation spectrum. In this method, Rydberg-Ritz’s principle and Planck’s radiation formula are used to acquire information of the...I describe a method for the observation of Positronium (Ps) involvement in the solar radiation spectrum. In this method, Rydberg-Ritz’s principle and Planck’s radiation formula are used to acquire information of the atomic transitions of Ps alike Hydrogen and Helium. In order to perform this experiment, an advanced solar spectrum monitor is constructed by utilizing light emitting diodes (LED) of various colors. A detailed study on this method provides qualitative agreement with experimental data, giving insight to the physical process involved in the solar radiation spectrum and confirming the existence of solar Ps.展开更多
Polyanion-based materials are considered one of the most attractive and promising cathode materials for lithiumion batteries(LIBs)due to their good stability,safety,cost-effectiveness,suitable voltages,and minimal env...Polyanion-based materials are considered one of the most attractive and promising cathode materials for lithiumion batteries(LIBs)due to their good stability,safety,cost-effectiveness,suitable voltages,and minimal environmental impact.However,these materials suffer from poor rate capability and low-temperature performance owing to limited electronic and ionic conductivity,which restricts their practical applicability.Recent developments,such as coating material particles with carbon or a conductive polymer,crystal deformation through the doping of foreign metal ions,and the production of nanostructured materials,have significantly enhanced the electrochemical performances of these materials.The successful applications of polyanion-based materials,especially in lithium-ion batteries,have been extensively reported.This comprehensive review discusses the current progress in crystal deformation in polyanion-based cathode materials,including phosphates,fluorophosphates,pyrophosphates,borates,silicates,sulfates,fluorosilicates,and oxalates.Therefore,this review provides detailed discussions on their synthesis strategies,electrochemical performance,and the doping of various ions.展开更多
In recent years, urban rail transit （URT） systems have rapidly developed in China, however, their existing strategies for vehicle maintenance are still based on experiential and qualitative methods which result in e...In recent years, urban rail transit （URT） systems have rapidly developed in China, however, their existing strategies for vehicle maintenance are still based on experiential and qualitative methods which result in either high cost or emergencies. In this paper, a tentative attempt at introducing the fuzzy set theory into quantitative analysis and assessment of URT trains＇ failures was presented. Based on the proposed FMEA-fuzzy model, a com- puter aided system for URT maintenance optimization was developed. The overall structure and procedure of the system were described in detail, and the important issues, including the development environment, improvement to FMEA table, acquisition of weight distribution matrix P, and setting of fuzzy vector R, were also discussed. Initial application into the vehicle maintenance of Shanghai Metro System shows, that the proposed model and computer aided system have a good performance and consequently are worth further development.展开更多
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2021R1A6A1A10044950)。
文摘Achieving optimal mechanical performance in high-pressure die-cast(HPDC)Mg-based alloys through experimental methods is both costly and time-intensive due to significant variations in composition.This study leverages machine learning(ML)techniques to accelerate the development of high-performance Mg-based alloys.Data on alloy composition and mechanical properties were collected from literature sources,focusing on HPDC Mg-based alloys.Six ML models—extra trees,CatBoost,k-nearest neighbors,random forest,gradient boosting,and decision tree—were trained to predict mechanical behavior.Cat Boost yielded the highest prediction accuracy with R^(2) scores of 0.95 for ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and 0.92 for yield strength(YS).Further validation using published datasets reaffirmed its reliability,demonstrating R^(2) values of 0.956(UTS)and 0.936(YS),MAE of 1%and 2.8%,and RMSE of 1%and 3.5%,respectively.Among these,the CatBoost model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy,outperforming other ML techniques across multiple optimization metrics.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of the Ministry of Water Resources of China (Grant No. 201001007)
文摘Levees are affected by over-exploitation of river sand and river adjustments after the formation of sand pits. The slope stability is seriously threatened, drawing wide concern among experts and scholars in the area of water conservancy. This study analyzed the uncertainties of slope stability of levees under river sand mining conditions, including uncertainty caused by interest- driven over-exploitation by sand mining contractors, and uncertainty of the distance from the slope or sand pit to the bottom of the levee under the action of cross-flow force after the sand pit forms. Based on the results of uncertainty analysis, the distribution and related parameters of these uncertainties were estimated according to the Yangtze River sand mining practice. A risk model of the slope instability of a levee under river sand mining conditions was built, and the possibility of slope instability under different slope gradients in a certain reach of the Yangtze River was calculated with the Monte Carlo method and probability combination method. The results indicated that the probability of instability risk rose from 2.38% to 4.74% as the pits came into being.
文摘The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of two lotic aquatic habitats,namely,the Churni River(C-R)and the Jalangi River(J-R)were compared in this study.One lotic aquatic system(C-R)was polluted by organic pollutants due to discharge of unprocessed sewage water,while the other(J-R)was not affected by such pollution.Evaluations of various physico-chemical properties of water,sediment and different macroinvertebrate communities of the two tropical lotic systems were done in a period from January,2002 to December,2003.A long term temporal change in the macroinvertebrate communities was recorded due to increase in sediment rH value.Sediment redox potential affected by the anthropogenic activities was found to be an important factor for alteration of macroinvertebrate communities in these aquatic ecosystems.A positive correlation has been established between rH and Margalef index in this study.Potassium and the total count of coliform bacteria in water showed significantly higher values for the polluted Churni River than those for the Jalangi River.Fig 3,Tab 4,Ref
文摘In this paper we have designed an implemented an integrated framework of QoS for Three Level Mobility Model(TLMM),which has been recently proved to be the optimal mobility management solution for next generation wireless IP-based networks.The QoS solution uses a combination of IntServ and DiffServ models incorporated in TLMM architecture.The paper also proposes an effi cient dynamic handover policy that takes care of false handover.Simulation and analytical results have shown that this infrastructure guarantees eff icient QoS handling and scalability among end users.To provide a comparative understanding of the QoS mechanism and signaling load of TLMM we have used TeleMIP(without QoS support) and MIP as alternative mobility management protocols.
文摘The eccentric connectivity index based on degree and eccentricity of the vertices of a graph is a widely used graph invariant in mathematics. In this paper we present the explicit generalized expressions for the eccentric connectivity index and polynomial of the thorn graphs, and then consider some particular cases.
文摘Plankton communities of three reservoirs of India reflect the direct relationship with organic pollution. The assessment of water quality as highly or lowly organically polluted for the three water bodies has been achieved with help of algal community, which can be used as an indicator of organic pollution. Algal pollution indices according to Palmer[1] and Watanabe[2] and based on genus and species were used in rating water samples for high or low organic pollution. Among 26 genera of algae found in India, 20 most frequent and common genera were taken into account for indexing pollution status. Water quality index (WQI) on the basis of weighting and rating of the chemical parameter was also used to correlate the Palmer index with physico-chemical parameters of the three reservoirs. Fig 5, Tab 3, Ref
文摘In this article we have demonstrated BEC （Bose-Einstein Condensate） which is the fifth state of matter. Recent development of gamma-ray laser and scenario of black holes are highlighted. From the Stephen W. Hawking＇s lecture at KTH, Stockholm and the experimental evidence of LIGO scientific collaboration, USA, it is found that binary type black holes exist and can emit information which is detectable. Hence the source of information of black holes is not relay black; constituents are the densest state of material considered to be the fifth state and the primordial state of the Universe.
文摘Hybrid metal matrix composites (Hmmc) are found to be more superior than the conventional composite materials because of their improved mechanical properties, which can be suited for an extensive range of engineering applications. Automobile and aerospace industries widely make use of hybrid composites as they possess excellent corrosion, wear resistance, low density, and high strength. This paper displays the strategy to build the hybrid composite utilizing Stir casting Method. Present investigation includes the creation of composites utilizing boron carbide (2%, 4%, 6% volume) and Red mud (2% volume) as the reinforcements and Structural aluminium as the matrix. Experimental investigation of wear analysis of the composites was carried out according to the L9 Taguchi method. The designated number of experiments was accomplished to probe the impact of control factors on the specific wear rate (SWR) of the developed composites. ANOVA was carried out and Wt%. Reinforcement was found to be the decisive factor on the SWR of the developed hybrid composite. The Confirmatory test was successfully carried out and the computed error was found to be varying from 0.878% to 2.58%.
文摘In the 21st century with the exponential growth of the Internet, the vulnerability of the network which connects us is on the rise at a very fast pace. Today organizations are spending millions of dollars to protect their sensitive data from different vulnerabilities that they face every day. In this paper, a new methodology towards implementing an Intrusion Detection & Prevention System (IDPS) based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) onto Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed. This system not only detects different network attacks but also prevents them from being propagated. The parallel structure of an ANN makes it potentially fast for the computation of certain tasks. FPGA platforms are the optimum and best choice for the modern digital systems nowadays. The same feature makes ANN well suited for implementation in FPGA technology. Hardware realization of ANN to a large extent depends on the efficient implementation of a single neuron. However FPGA realization of ANNs with a large number of neurons is still a challenging task. The proposed multilayer ANN based IDPS uses multiple neurons for higher performance and greater accuracy. Simulation of the design in MATLAB SIMULINK 2010b by using Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) CUP dataset shows a very good performance. Subsequently MATLAB HDL coder was used to generate VHDL code for the proposed design that produced Intellectual Property (IP) cores for Xilinx Targeted Design Platforms. For evaluation purposes the proposed design was synthesized, implemented and tested onto Xilinx Virtex-7 2000T FPGA device.
文摘The chromaticity of solar spectrum is studied with the help of a Solar Spectrum Monitor system that can detect individual color in the spectrum. Recent observations done by the detector on the Solar Radiation and the Erath Milieu Experiment suggest that the sun’s visible spectral irradiance changes from May 2009 to September 2012. The data of Earth’s coordinates and environment have been taken since April 2005 after the devastating Tsunami (December, 2004) of India. The bizarre data of?zenith angle,?azimuth angle, and?temperature?of the Earth’s atmosphere show their changes of maxima and minima epoch to epoch. The data of solar spectrum monitor have been taking since 2009 and significant transformations of colored ratios?ΔRB/W?and?ΔRR/W?per hour are observed among the regions of each solstice between 2009 and 2012. The author advocates that the abrupt vagaries of the Earth’s movements may cause devastating tsunamis, earthquake, volcanic eruption, cyclones and tornadoes in addition of anomalous changes of solar spectral irradiation, humidity, temperature and pressure;those effects may spoil ecological balance and extinct some living species from the soil of the earth.
文摘This paper investigates the threshold voltage sensitivity to metal gate work-function for n-channel double gate fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) structures and evaluates the short channel performance of the device using threshold voltage dependence on metal gate work-function analysis. We carried out the study for a double gate n-channel fin field-effect transistor (n-FinFET) with parameters as per the projection report of International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, ITRS-2011 for low standby power (LSTP) 20 nm gate length technology node. In the present study device simulation have been carried out using PADRE simulator from MuGFET, which is based on the drift-diffusion theory. Our results show the accuracy and validity of classical drift-diffusion simulation results for transistor structures with lateral dimensions 10nm and above. The subthreshold behavior of device improves with increased metal gate work-function. The results also show that a higher gate work-function (≥5 eV) can fulfill the tolerable off-current as projected in ITRS 2011 report. The SCE in FinFET can reasonably be controlled and improved by proper adjustment of the metal gate work-function. DIBL is reduced with the increase in gate work function.
文摘Political instability has increased drastically in Pakistan during the last few decades.This may intensify the fear of investors and eventually affect investment decisions.Therefore,the stock market’s reaction to political stability must be explored and appropriate policy measures should be prescribed.This paper examines the effect of political stability on stock market returns and volatility using time series data from Pakistan for the period from January 02,2004,to May 31,2018.The study uses the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic(GARCH)and Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic(EGARCH)models to achieve the main objectives.The findings of the GARCH and EGARCH models confirm that political stability has a positive and significant influence on both stock market returns and volatility in Pakistan.In addition,the EGARCH findings indicate that negative shock(political instability)creates more volatility in the stock market than positive shock(political stability).The results of this study reveal that financial market investors are affected more by political instability.In conclusion,this study suggests that political stability is an essential factor affecting financial market volatility,and it leads to stable financial markets.It also emphasizes that political instability needs to be resolved to achieve stable financial markets.
文摘Quantum Computing and Quantum Information Science seem very promising and developing rapidly since its inception in early 1980s by Paul Benioff with the proposal of quantum mechanical model of the Turing machine and later By Richard Feynman and Yuri Manin for the proposal of a quantum computers for simulating various problems that classical computer could not.Quantum computers have a computational advantage for some problems,over classical computers and most applications are trying to use an efficient combination of classical and quantum computers like Shor’s factoring algorithm.Other areas that are expected to be benefitted from quantum computing are Machine Learning and deep learning,molecular biology,genomics and cancer research,space exploration,atomic and nuclear research and macro-economic forecasting.This paper represents a brief overview of the state of art of quantum computing and quantum information science with discussions of various theoretical and experimental aspects adopted by the researchers.
文摘This paper describes a high security data transmission system over X-band microwave frequency. The paper has two parts. The first part deals with encryption of binary data by Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) using VHDL modeling of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The second part deals with a novel idea of transmitting the encrypted data by using a single klystron. This requires the simultaneous generation of a pair of two independent RF frequencies from a reflex klystron working for X-band frequency range. In this scheme, the klystron is suitably biased on the repeller terminal and superimposed on a train of AES encrypted binary data so as to create two RF frequencies one corresponding to negative peaks and the other one to the positive peaks of the data resulting in an Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) signal. The results have been verified experimentally.
文摘The Zagrebeccentricity indices are the eccentricity version of the classical Zagrebindices. The first Zagrebeccentricity index (E1(G)) is defined as sum of squares of the eccentricities of the vertices and the second Zagrebeccentricity index (E2(G)) is equal to sum of product of the eccentricities of the adjacent vertices. In this paper we give some new upper and lower bounds for first and second Zagreb eccentricity indices.
文摘The purpose of this inventory model is to investigate the retailer’s optimal replenishment policy under permissible delay in payments. In this paper, we assume that the supplier would offer the retailer partially permissible delay in payments when the order quantity is smaller than a predetermined quantity (W). The most inventory systems are usually formed without considering the effect of deterioration of items which deteriorate continuously like fresh fruits, vegetables etc. Here we consider the loss due to deterioration. In real world situation, the demand of some items varies with change of seasons and occasions. So it is more significant if the loss of deterioration is time dependent. Considering all these facts, this inventory model has been developed to make more realistic and flexible marketing policy to the retailer, also establish the result by ANOVA analysis by treating different model parameters as factors.
文摘Quantum Key Distribution seems very promising as it offers unconditional security,that’s why it is being implemented by the tech giants of the networking industry and government.Having quantum phenomenon as a backbone,QKD protocols become indecipherable.Here we have focused on the complexities of quantum key distribution and how this technology has contributed to secure key communication.This article gives an updated overview of this technology and can serve as a guide to get familiar with the current trends of quantum cryptography.
文摘I describe a method for the observation of Positronium (Ps) involvement in the solar radiation spectrum. In this method, Rydberg-Ritz’s principle and Planck’s radiation formula are used to acquire information of the atomic transitions of Ps alike Hydrogen and Helium. In order to perform this experiment, an advanced solar spectrum monitor is constructed by utilizing light emitting diodes (LED) of various colors. A detailed study on this method provides qualitative agreement with experimental data, giving insight to the physical process involved in the solar radiation spectrum and confirming the existence of solar Ps.
文摘Polyanion-based materials are considered one of the most attractive and promising cathode materials for lithiumion batteries(LIBs)due to their good stability,safety,cost-effectiveness,suitable voltages,and minimal environmental impact.However,these materials suffer from poor rate capability and low-temperature performance owing to limited electronic and ionic conductivity,which restricts their practical applicability.Recent developments,such as coating material particles with carbon or a conductive polymer,crystal deformation through the doping of foreign metal ions,and the production of nanostructured materials,have significantly enhanced the electrochemical performances of these materials.The successful applications of polyanion-based materials,especially in lithium-ion batteries,have been extensively reported.This comprehensive review discusses the current progress in crystal deformation in polyanion-based cathode materials,including phosphates,fluorophosphates,pyrophosphates,borates,silicates,sulfates,fluorosilicates,and oxalates.Therefore,this review provides detailed discussions on their synthesis strategies,electrochemical performance,and the doping of various ions.
基金supported by the Research Program of Science and Technology Commission in Shanghai under Grant No.10dz1122701
文摘In recent years, urban rail transit （URT） systems have rapidly developed in China, however, their existing strategies for vehicle maintenance are still based on experiential and qualitative methods which result in either high cost or emergencies. In this paper, a tentative attempt at introducing the fuzzy set theory into quantitative analysis and assessment of URT trains＇ failures was presented. Based on the proposed FMEA-fuzzy model, a com- puter aided system for URT maintenance optimization was developed. The overall structure and procedure of the system were described in detail, and the important issues, including the development environment, improvement to FMEA table, acquisition of weight distribution matrix P, and setting of fuzzy vector R, were also discussed. Initial application into the vehicle maintenance of Shanghai Metro System shows, that the proposed model and computer aided system have a good performance and consequently are worth further development.
