Landslide risk assessment(LRA)is of great significance to hazard prevention and mitigation.However,the historical landslide information is incomplete in most areas,which makes the landslide quantitative risk assessmen...Landslide risk assessment(LRA)is of great significance to hazard prevention and mitigation.However,the historical landslide information is incomplete in most areas,which makes the landslide quantitative risk assessment(LQRA)extremely difficult.This research proposed a set of frameworks for LQRA,so as to achieve LQRA in areas with incomplete historical landslide information.Firstly,we constructed the convolutional neural network(CNN)model suitable for landslide susceptibility assessment(LSA)by studying the structure and hyperparameters optimization of CNN.Secondly,we proposed a method to calculate the temporal probability by using the Poisson model based on the time range of historical landslides occurrence,and then conducted landslide hazard assessment(LHA).Then,we established a mathematical model for landslide intensity of shallow landslide based on landslide area and slope,aiming at solving the problem that it is difficult to calculate landslide intensity due to the lack of landslide volume and velocity.Based on the landslide intensity and the hazard-resistant capacity of the element at risk,we assessed the landslide vulnerability.Finally,population risk map and economic risk map are obtained based on the landslide hazard,vulnerability,and estimated value of the elements at risk.The proposed LQRA framework was applied to Tumen City,China for testing and field validation.From the results,the CNN model built can help improve the accuracy of LSA.The proposed temporal probability calculation method is conducive to the completion of LHA in areas with incomplete historical landslide information.The established landslide intensity mathematical model has certain credibility.Since the landslide risk map is obtained through appropriate simplification and substitution estimation,its final value cannot be used as an accurate prediction of future losses,but it can be used as a reference for the extent of potential losses,so as to determine the areas where hazard prevention and mitigation measures need to be taken.展开更多
This paper takes Fen-Wei Basin(FWB)as a case to study the ground fissures controlled by normal fault.Based on the field investigation,geophysical exploration,drilling,GNSS data and numerical calculation,the characteri...This paper takes Fen-Wei Basin(FWB)as a case to study the ground fissures controlled by normal fault.Based on the field investigation,geophysical exploration,drilling,GNSS data and numerical calculation,the characteristics and mechanism of ground fissures originated from the hanging wall of normal faults are revealed.The results show that the distribution of ground fissures in the hanging wall and heading wall of the active faults is not uniform.Ground fissures are mostly distributed in the hanging wall of active faults and show a linear distribution on the surface,their strike is consistent with the fault,mainly characterized by vertical offset and horizontal tension.Ground fissures destroy the farmland and building foundation through which they pass and cause the rupture or displacement.In profile section,the ground fissure shows the characteristics of normal faults and dislocates the strata,and is connected with the underlying faults.Numerical analysis shows that the vertical displacement of normal fault activity in hanging wall is much larger than that in heading wall,which is the reason that tectonic ground fissures mainly originate from hanging wall.The range of dangerous area of ground fissures is controlled by the depth of fault,the strength of the ground fissures disaster is mainly controlled by the activity of fault.The formation of the ground fissures originated from the hanging wall of the fault experienced three stages:the main fault activity stage,the secondary fault activity stage and the fissure formation stage.展开更多
In most cases, the slope stability of reservoir bank is analyzed on the premise that the location of phreatic surface is obtained. But many designers generalize a line as the phreatie surface through their experience ...In most cases, the slope stability of reservoir bank is analyzed on the premise that the location of phreatic surface is obtained. But many designers generalize a line as the phreatie surface through their experience to analyze the stability, which is unsafe in the project. To find a solution of the phreatic surface which is convenient to put into use and in accordance with the practice, the article, based on Boussinesq equation, infers analytic solutions suitable to the water level at different ratios and achieves an analytic solution equation through fitting curves. The correctness of the equation is also proved by the experiments of sand and sand-clay models and the inaccuracy of empirical generalization is analyzed quantitatively. The calculation results show that the inaccuracy through the method of experiential generalizing is so large that the designers should be awake to it.展开更多
This study describes the treatment of composting leachate by the combination of coagulation and nanofiltration process. Poly ferric sulfate （PSF） was used as coagulant, and the effect of pH value and PSF dosage on t...This study describes the treatment of composting leachate by the combination of coagulation and nanofiltration process. Poly ferric sulfate （PSF） was used as coagulant, and the effect of pH value and PSF dosage on the coagulation performance was investigated. The results indicated that the chemical oxidation demand （COD） and turbidity removal efficiency could reach to 62.8% and 75.3%, respectively at an optimum dosage of 1200 mg·L-1 at pH 6,0. During the nanofiltration process, the operation conditions such as temperature and pressure were optimized, 89.7% of COD, 78.2% of TOC, 72,5% of TN, 83,2% of TP, and 78,6% of NH3-N were retained when tested at 0.6 MPa at 25 ℃. The final leachate effluent concentration of COD, BODs, NH3-N, TOC, SS was 92 mg.L 1, 31 mg,L 1 21 mg.L 1, 73 mg·L-1 and 23 mg·L -1, respectively, which reached the local discharge standard. The combination of coagulation-filtration is useful for composting leachate treatment.展开更多
Ground fissures are influenced by the coupling of geological factors and human activi-ties.They threaten the safety of infrastructure and restrict town planning in many areas in China.One of the area most severely aff...Ground fissures are influenced by the coupling of geological factors and human activi-ties.They threaten the safety of infrastructure and restrict town planning in many areas in China.One of the area most severely affected by ground fissures is the Weihe Basin in North China,which has the most extensive distribution of ground fissures and all the elements that control their occurrence,pro-viding an ideal study area for the study of ground fissures.In this study,we took the eastern Weihe Ba-sin as the study area and determined the distribution and hazard characteristics of ground fissures via field investigation.Based on the analytic hierarchy process,we propose a multi-level,comprehensive method for evaluating the hazards of ground fissures.This method considers the geological back-ground,development status,and triggering factors of ground fissures,including all nine currently known assessment indices of ground fissures.We used judgment matrices to rank the constructed ground fissure assessment index system at the single and total levels and quantified the nine assessment indices of ground fissures according to the field survey data.Finally,we plotted the ground fissure risk zoning map and evaluated the ground fissure risk at the study area.Our findings indicated that the proposed method could facilitate ground fissure hazard assessment and prediction and provide support for hazard prevention and urban/rural planning.展开更多
Urban vegetation has been an important indicator for the evaluation of eco-cities, which is of great significance to promote eeo-city construction. We study and discuss the commonly used urban vegetation extrac-tion m...Urban vegetation has been an important indicator for the evaluation of eco-cities, which is of great significance to promote eeo-city construction. We study and discuss the commonly used urban vegetation extrac-tion methods. The extraction of vegetation points in this study is completed through mathematical statistics, mean-square error, successive differences and iterative algorithm which are based on the analysis of different spatial morphological characteristics in urban point clouds. Linyi, a city of Shandong Province in China, is se-lected as the study area to test this method and the result shows that the proposed method has a strong practicali- ty in urban vegetation point cloud extraction. Only 3D coordinate properties of the LiDAR point clouds are used in this method and it does not require additional information, for instance, return intensity, which makes the method more applicable and operable.展开更多
Split Hopkinson technique has been developed to test the strength of common concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete under dynamic tensile stress. Two types of test methods are considered, the splitting tensile te...Split Hopkinson technique has been developed to test the strength of common concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete under dynamic tensile stress. Two types of test methods are considered, the splitting tensile test and a modified spalling test in which a specimen is loaded under uniaxial stress. The result shows that the dynamic strength enhancement of concrete is remarkable by using the reinforcing fiber. But for the common concrete, the base of compressive strength seems to show little effect on the tensile strength under dynamic loading. The experimental results also show that the resistance to tensile fracture of the steel fiber reinforced concrete for C100-mix is higher than those of C40-mix..展开更多
MXene,the two-dimensional transition metal carbide or nitride material,was first discovered in 2011.They possess superior characteristics such as stability,electric conductivity,and electrochemical properties,that mak...MXene,the two-dimensional transition metal carbide or nitride material,was first discovered in 2011.They possess superior characteristics such as stability,electric conductivity,and electrochemical properties,that make them attract the attention of the energy engineering field.Overall water splitting which generates hydrogen and oxygen,not only serves as a clean energy supply technology but also demonstrates the capacity for redistribution and integration of renewable energy.MXene based non-noble metal has demonstrated significant potential in terms of cost-effectiveness.Therefore,the current focus is implementing targeted regulation at the micro level to render it effective comparable to the precious metals.In this context,the mechanisms of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) under the influence of MXene can be elucidated in terms of electron and ion transfer processes,hydrogen coverage,and regulation of terminal groups.Certainly,the composition,structure,synthesis,and stability strategies of MXene are the subjects of comprehensive investigation from both theoretical calculations using density functional theory(DFT) and experimental perspectives.In addition,this review provides a comprehensive summary of MXene based non-noble metal and various modification methods.These methods encompass doping,vacancy engineering,hybrid structures,heterojunction formation,multi-scale engineering,surface engineering,and phase engineering.The review also presents suggestions for designing high-performance MXene based on non-noble metals.It offers guidance on employing construction strategies for electrocatalysts.By leveraging the unique properties and tunability of MXene and implementing these modification methods,researchers can enhance the catalytic activity,stability,selectivity,and efficiency of MXene based non-noble metal catalysts.展开更多
Preventing the accretion of droplets on surfaces is vital and slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces(SLIPS)have promising application prospects,such as surface self-cleaning and droplet transportation.In this work,co...Preventing the accretion of droplets on surfaces is vital and slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces(SLIPS)have promising application prospects,such as surface self-cleaning and droplet transportation.In this work,controllable self-transport of bouncing droplets on ultraslippery surfaces with wedge-shaped grooves is reported.The impact behaviors of droplets on SLIPS under various impact velocities and diameters are explored,which can be classified as hover,total bounce,partial bounce,Worthington jet,and crush.SLIPS with wedge-shaped grooves were designed to transport accreted droplets.An energy and transport model is established to explain the impact and self-transport mechanism,where the Laplace pressure and moving resistance between droplets play a key role.Finally,SLIPS with branched wedge-shaped grooves were designed for droplet self-transport and demonstrated advantages.This work provides a general reference for spontaneous motion control of sessile droplets,droplets with initial impacting velocity,or even liquid films.展开更多
The current scheme of building climate zones in China generally assumes that building climate zones of island cities are identical to adjacent land stations.Consequently,building design strategies for island buildings...The current scheme of building climate zones in China generally assumes that building climate zones of island cities are identical to adjacent land stations.Consequently,building design strategies for island buildings usually refer to those developed for inland cities.This approach has to some extent hindered the energy-saving design and green development of island buildings in China.This research takes a first step on this issue by defining the building climate zones of 36 marine islands over China marine area using two-stage zoning methodology adopted by current building climate zoning standard(GB50178-1993).The meteorological data used for analysis was obtained from the National Climate Center of China over the 30-year period from 1985 to 2014.As comparison,40 coastal stations which are adjacent to the inves-tigated marine islands were also included in this study.Subsequently a more obiective techni-que-cluster analysis was operated as an effective supplement to discover the climate characteristics among different observations.The results of both methodologies consistentlyshow that among the 36 islands investigated,the majority of islands located in northern and eastern marine area belong to the same climate zones as their adjacent coastal cities.Howev-er,island cities in southern marine area cannot be assigned to any current climate zone,which was demonstrated by its distinctive climate features different from any other sites investi-gated through cluster analysis as well as different energy use patterns.Thus a new zone was defined to supplement the current building climate zoning scheme to cover marine area of China.展开更多
In this work,we present a fully atomistic approach to modeling a finishing process with the goal to shed light on aspects of work piece development on the microscopic scale,which are difficult or even impossible to ob...In this work,we present a fully atomistic approach to modeling a finishing process with the goal to shed light on aspects of work piece development on the microscopic scale,which are difficult or even impossible to observe in experiments,but highly relevant for the resulting material behavior.In a large-scale simulative parametric study,we varied four of the most relevant grinding parameters:The work piece material,the abrasive shape,the temperature,and the infeed depth.In order to validate our model,we compared the normalized surface roughness,the power spectral densities,the steady-state contact stresses,and the microstructure with proportionally scaled macroscopic experimental results.Although the grain sizes vary by a factor of more than 1,000 between experiment and simulation,the characteristic process parameters were reasonably reproduced,to some extent even allowing predictions of surface quality degradation due to tool wear.Using the experimentally validated model,we studied time-resolved stress profiles within the ferrite/steel work piece as well as maps of the microstructural changes occurring in the near-surface regions.We found that blunt abrasives combined with elevated temperatures have the greatest and most complex impact on near-surface microstructure and stresses,as multiple processes are in mutual competition here.展开更多
文摘Landslide risk assessment(LRA)is of great significance to hazard prevention and mitigation.However,the historical landslide information is incomplete in most areas,which makes the landslide quantitative risk assessment(LQRA)extremely difficult.This research proposed a set of frameworks for LQRA,so as to achieve LQRA in areas with incomplete historical landslide information.Firstly,we constructed the convolutional neural network(CNN)model suitable for landslide susceptibility assessment(LSA)by studying the structure and hyperparameters optimization of CNN.Secondly,we proposed a method to calculate the temporal probability by using the Poisson model based on the time range of historical landslides occurrence,and then conducted landslide hazard assessment(LHA).Then,we established a mathematical model for landslide intensity of shallow landslide based on landslide area and slope,aiming at solving the problem that it is difficult to calculate landslide intensity due to the lack of landslide volume and velocity.Based on the landslide intensity and the hazard-resistant capacity of the element at risk,we assessed the landslide vulnerability.Finally,population risk map and economic risk map are obtained based on the landslide hazard,vulnerability,and estimated value of the elements at risk.The proposed LQRA framework was applied to Tumen City,China for testing and field validation.From the results,the CNN model built can help improve the accuracy of LSA.The proposed temporal probability calculation method is conducive to the completion of LHA in areas with incomplete historical landslide information.The established landslide intensity mathematical model has certain credibility.Since the landslide risk map is obtained through appropriate simplification and substitution estimation,its final value cannot be used as an accurate prediction of future losses,but it can be used as a reference for the extent of potential losses,so as to determine the areas where hazard prevention and mitigation measures need to be taken.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Nos.41790441,41877250,41272284,41807234)the National Geological Survey of China (No.DD20160264)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University,CHD (No.300102261715)
文摘This paper takes Fen-Wei Basin(FWB)as a case to study the ground fissures controlled by normal fault.Based on the field investigation,geophysical exploration,drilling,GNSS data and numerical calculation,the characteristics and mechanism of ground fissures originated from the hanging wall of normal faults are revealed.The results show that the distribution of ground fissures in the hanging wall and heading wall of the active faults is not uniform.Ground fissures are mostly distributed in the hanging wall of active faults and show a linear distribution on the surface,their strike is consistent with the fault,mainly characterized by vertical offset and horizontal tension.Ground fissures destroy the farmland and building foundation through which they pass and cause the rupture or displacement.In profile section,the ground fissure shows the characteristics of normal faults and dislocates the strata,and is connected with the underlying faults.Numerical analysis shows that the vertical displacement of normal fault activity in hanging wall is much larger than that in heading wall,which is the reason that tectonic ground fissures mainly originate from hanging wall.The range of dangerous area of ground fissures is controlled by the depth of fault,the strength of the ground fissures disaster is mainly controlled by the activity of fault.The formation of the ground fissures originated from the hanging wall of the fault experienced three stages:the main fault activity stage,the secondary fault activity stage and the fissure formation stage.
文摘In most cases, the slope stability of reservoir bank is analyzed on the premise that the location of phreatic surface is obtained. But many designers generalize a line as the phreatie surface through their experience to analyze the stability, which is unsafe in the project. To find a solution of the phreatic surface which is convenient to put into use and in accordance with the practice, the article, based on Boussinesq equation, infers analytic solutions suitable to the water level at different ratios and achieves an analytic solution equation through fitting curves. The correctness of the equation is also proved by the experiments of sand and sand-clay models and the inaccuracy of empirical generalization is analyzed quantitatively. The calculation results show that the inaccuracy through the method of experiential generalizing is so large that the designers should be awake to it.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ14B060001,Y14F030005)Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province of China(2013C33019,2015C33232)Science and Technology Project of Lishui City(2015RC23)
文摘This study describes the treatment of composting leachate by the combination of coagulation and nanofiltration process. Poly ferric sulfate （PSF） was used as coagulant, and the effect of pH value and PSF dosage on the coagulation performance was investigated. The results indicated that the chemical oxidation demand （COD） and turbidity removal efficiency could reach to 62.8% and 75.3%, respectively at an optimum dosage of 1200 mg·L-1 at pH 6,0. During the nanofiltration process, the operation conditions such as temperature and pressure were optimized, 89.7% of COD, 78.2% of TOC, 72,5% of TN, 83,2% of TP, and 78,6% of NH3-N were retained when tested at 0.6 MPa at 25 ℃. The final leachate effluent concentration of COD, BODs, NH3-N, TOC, SS was 92 mg.L 1, 31 mg,L 1 21 mg.L 1, 73 mg·L-1 and 23 mg·L -1, respectively, which reached the local discharge standard. The combination of coagulation-filtration is useful for composting leachate treatment.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.41920104010,41790441,41877250,41272284,41807234)the National Geological Survey of China(No.DD20160264)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University,CHD(No.300102261715)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(Nos.2022KJXX-05,2023-CX-TD-34).
文摘Ground fissures are influenced by the coupling of geological factors and human activi-ties.They threaten the safety of infrastructure and restrict town planning in many areas in China.One of the area most severely affected by ground fissures is the Weihe Basin in North China,which has the most extensive distribution of ground fissures and all the elements that control their occurrence,pro-viding an ideal study area for the study of ground fissures.In this study,we took the eastern Weihe Ba-sin as the study area and determined the distribution and hazard characteristics of ground fissures via field investigation.Based on the analytic hierarchy process,we propose a multi-level,comprehensive method for evaluating the hazards of ground fissures.This method considers the geological back-ground,development status,and triggering factors of ground fissures,including all nine currently known assessment indices of ground fissures.We used judgment matrices to rank the constructed ground fissure assessment index system at the single and total levels and quantified the nine assessment indices of ground fissures according to the field survey data.Finally,we plotted the ground fissure risk zoning map and evaluated the ground fissure risk at the study area.Our findings indicated that the proposed method could facilitate ground fissure hazard assessment and prediction and provide support for hazard prevention and urban/rural planning.
文摘Urban vegetation has been an important indicator for the evaluation of eco-cities, which is of great significance to promote eeo-city construction. We study and discuss the commonly used urban vegetation extrac-tion methods. The extraction of vegetation points in this study is completed through mathematical statistics, mean-square error, successive differences and iterative algorithm which are based on the analysis of different spatial morphological characteristics in urban point clouds. Linyi, a city of Shandong Province in China, is se-lected as the study area to test this method and the result shows that the proposed method has a strong practicali- ty in urban vegetation point cloud extraction. Only 3D coordinate properties of the LiDAR point clouds are used in this method and it does not require additional information, for instance, return intensity, which makes the method more applicable and operable.
文摘Split Hopkinson technique has been developed to test the strength of common concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete under dynamic tensile stress. Two types of test methods are considered, the splitting tensile test and a modified spalling test in which a specimen is loaded under uniaxial stress. The result shows that the dynamic strength enhancement of concrete is remarkable by using the reinforcing fiber. But for the common concrete, the base of compressive strength seems to show little effect on the tensile strength under dynamic loading. The experimental results also show that the resistance to tensile fracture of the steel fiber reinforced concrete for C100-mix is higher than those of C40-mix..
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 22279091)。
文摘MXene,the two-dimensional transition metal carbide or nitride material,was first discovered in 2011.They possess superior characteristics such as stability,electric conductivity,and electrochemical properties,that make them attract the attention of the energy engineering field.Overall water splitting which generates hydrogen and oxygen,not only serves as a clean energy supply technology but also demonstrates the capacity for redistribution and integration of renewable energy.MXene based non-noble metal has demonstrated significant potential in terms of cost-effectiveness.Therefore,the current focus is implementing targeted regulation at the micro level to render it effective comparable to the precious metals.In this context,the mechanisms of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) under the influence of MXene can be elucidated in terms of electron and ion transfer processes,hydrogen coverage,and regulation of terminal groups.Certainly,the composition,structure,synthesis,and stability strategies of MXene are the subjects of comprehensive investigation from both theoretical calculations using density functional theory(DFT) and experimental perspectives.In addition,this review provides a comprehensive summary of MXene based non-noble metal and various modification methods.These methods encompass doping,vacancy engineering,hybrid structures,heterojunction formation,multi-scale engineering,surface engineering,and phase engineering.The review also presents suggestions for designing high-performance MXene based on non-noble metals.It offers guidance on employing construction strategies for electrocatalysts.By leveraging the unique properties and tunability of MXene and implementing these modification methods,researchers can enhance the catalytic activity,stability,selectivity,and efficiency of MXene based non-noble metal catalysts.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51805252)Qingwen Dai acknowledges the support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.Especially,Chuchen Yue thanks Kai Zhuang for critical discussions.
文摘Preventing the accretion of droplets on surfaces is vital and slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces(SLIPS)have promising application prospects,such as surface self-cleaning and droplet transportation.In this work,controllable self-transport of bouncing droplets on ultraslippery surfaces with wedge-shaped grooves is reported.The impact behaviors of droplets on SLIPS under various impact velocities and diameters are explored,which can be classified as hover,total bounce,partial bounce,Worthington jet,and crush.SLIPS with wedge-shaped grooves were designed to transport accreted droplets.An energy and transport model is established to explain the impact and self-transport mechanism,where the Laplace pressure and moving resistance between droplets play a key role.Finally,SLIPS with branched wedge-shaped grooves were designed for droplet self-transport and demonstrated advantages.This work provides a general reference for spontaneous motion control of sessile droplets,droplets with initial impacting velocity,or even liquid films.
基金This work was supported by Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51838011)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.2018YFC0704505)the Rixin Talent Program granted by Beijing University of Technology.
文摘The current scheme of building climate zones in China generally assumes that building climate zones of island cities are identical to adjacent land stations.Consequently,building design strategies for island buildings usually refer to those developed for inland cities.This approach has to some extent hindered the energy-saving design and green development of island buildings in China.This research takes a first step on this issue by defining the building climate zones of 36 marine islands over China marine area using two-stage zoning methodology adopted by current building climate zoning standard(GB50178-1993).The meteorological data used for analysis was obtained from the National Climate Center of China over the 30-year period from 1985 to 2014.As comparison,40 coastal stations which are adjacent to the inves-tigated marine islands were also included in this study.Subsequently a more obiective techni-que-cluster analysis was operated as an effective supplement to discover the climate characteristics among different observations.The results of both methodologies consistentlyshow that among the 36 islands investigated,the majority of islands located in northern and eastern marine area belong to the same climate zones as their adjacent coastal cities.Howev-er,island cities in southern marine area cannot be assigned to any current climate zone,which was demonstrated by its distinctive climate features different from any other sites investi-gated through cluster analysis as well as different energy use patterns.Thus a new zone was defined to supplement the current building climate zoning scheme to cover marine area of China.
基金This work was funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency FFG(Project SyFi,No.864790)Part of this work was funded by the Austrian COMETProgram(Project K2 InTribology1,No.872176)+1 种基金carried out at the“Excellence Centre of Tribology”.The computational results presented have been achieved using the Vienna Scientific Cluster(VSC)The government of Lower Austria is gratefully acknowledged for financially supporting the endowed professorship tribology at the Vienna University of Technology(Grant No.WST3-F-5031370/001-2017)in collaboration with AC2T research GmbH.The authors wish to thank Katharina Newrkla and Ulrike Cihak-Bayr for performing topography measurements of the experimental work pieces and providing pre-processed data for the PSD evaluations.
文摘In this work,we present a fully atomistic approach to modeling a finishing process with the goal to shed light on aspects of work piece development on the microscopic scale,which are difficult or even impossible to observe in experiments,but highly relevant for the resulting material behavior.In a large-scale simulative parametric study,we varied four of the most relevant grinding parameters:The work piece material,the abrasive shape,the temperature,and the infeed depth.In order to validate our model,we compared the normalized surface roughness,the power spectral densities,the steady-state contact stresses,and the microstructure with proportionally scaled macroscopic experimental results.Although the grain sizes vary by a factor of more than 1,000 between experiment and simulation,the characteristic process parameters were reasonably reproduced,to some extent even allowing predictions of surface quality degradation due to tool wear.Using the experimentally validated model,we studied time-resolved stress profiles within the ferrite/steel work piece as well as maps of the microstructural changes occurring in the near-surface regions.We found that blunt abrasives combined with elevated temperatures have the greatest and most complex impact on near-surface microstructure and stresses,as multiple processes are in mutual competition here.
