Ino rganic tubular materials have an exceptionally wide range of applications,yet developing a simple and universal method to controllably synthesize them remains challenging.In this work,we report a vaporphase-etchin...Ino rganic tubular materials have an exceptionally wide range of applications,yet developing a simple and universal method to controllably synthesize them remains challenging.In this work,we report a vaporphase-etching hard-template method that can directly fabricate tubes on various thermally stable oxide and sulfide materials.This synthesis method features the introduction of a vapor-phase-etching process to greatly simplify the steps involved in preparing tubular materials and avoids complicated postprocessing procedures.Furthermore,the in-situ heating transmission electron microscopy(TEM)technique is used to observe the dynamic formation process of TiO_(2-x) tubes,indicating that the removal process of the Sb2S3 templates first experienced the Rayleigh instability,then vapor-phase-etching process.When used as an anode for sodium ion batteries,the TiO_(2-x) tube exhibits excellent rate performance of134.6 mA h g^(-1) at the high current density of 10 A g^(-1) and long-term cycling over 7000 cycles.Moreover,the full cell demonstrates excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of 98%after 1000 cycles,indicating that it is a promising anode material for batteries.This method can be expanded to the design and synthesis of other thermally-stable tubular materials such as ZnS,MoS_(2),and SiO_(2).展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a pivotal role in today's society,with widespread applications in portable electronics,electric vehicles,and smart grids.Commercial LIBs predominantly utilize graphite anodes due to...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a pivotal role in today's society,with widespread applications in portable electronics,electric vehicles,and smart grids.Commercial LIBs predominantly utilize graphite anodes due to their high energy density and cost-effectiveness.Graphite anodes face challenges,however,in extreme safety-demanding situations,such as airplanes and passenger ships.The lithiation of graphite can potentially form lithium dendrites at low temperatures,causing short circuits.Additionally,the dissolution of the solid-electrolyte-interphase on graphite surfaces at high temperatures can lead to intense reactions with the electrolyte,initiating thermal runaway.This review introduces two promising high-safety anode materials,Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7).Both materials exhibit low tendencies towards lithium dendrite formation and have high onset temperatures for reactions with the electrolyte,resulting in reduced heat generation and significantly lower probabilities of thermal runaway.Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7)offer enhanced safety characteristics compared to graphite,making them suitable for applications with stringent safety requirements.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7),focusing on their material properties and practical applicability.It aims to contribute to the understanding and development of high-safety anode materials for advanced LIBs,addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation in real-world applications.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kineti...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kinetics still require improvement.Encouraged by the excellent electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials,here,we present a novel titanium vanadate@carbon(TVO@C)material as anode for SIBs.Our TVO@C material is synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method,with the following annealing process in an acetylene atomosphere.The opened ion channel and the oxygen vacancies within TVO@C facilitate the diffusion of Na^(+) ions,reducing their diffusion barrier.Thus,an ultrahigh rate of 100 A g^(-1)and long life of 10,000 cycles have been achieved.Furthermore,the TVO@C electrode exhibits stable performance,not only at room temperature,but also at temperatures as low as 20 C.The TVO@CjjNa_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cells have also achieved stable discharge/charge for 500 cycles.It is believed that this strategy provides new insight into the development of advanced electrodes and provides a new opportunity for constructing novel high rate electrodes.展开更多
Rechargeable chlorine-based battery recently emerged as a promising substitute for energy storage systems due to their high average operating voltage(~3.7 V)and large theoretical capacity of~754.9 mAh g-1.However,insu...Rechargeable chlorine-based battery recently emerged as a promising substitute for energy storage systems due to their high average operating voltage(~3.7 V)and large theoretical capacity of~754.9 mAh g-1.However,insufficient supply of chlorine(Cl_(2))and sluggish oxidation of NaCl to Cl_(2) limit its practical application.Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs)have the potential to be ideal Cl_(2) host materials as Cl_(2) adsorbents for their abundant porosity and easily modifiable nature.In this work,the single atom Mn coordinated biomimetic phthalocyanine COFs are used for Cl_(2) capture and catalyst.The DFT reveals that ASMn and-NH_(2) significantly change the microenvironment around the active site,effectively promoting the oxidation of NaCl.When applied as the cathode material for Na-Cl_(2) batteries,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 electrode exhibits large reversible capacities and excellent high-rate cycling performances throughout 200 cycles based on the mechanism of highly reversible NaCl/Cl_(2) redox reactions.Even at the temperature as low as-40℃,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 cathode showed stable discharge ca-pacities at~1000 mAh g^(-1) over 50 cycles with a voltage plateau of~3.3 V.This work may provide new insights for the investigation of chlorine-based electrochemical redox mechanisms and the design of green nanoscaled electrodes for high-property chlorine-based batteries.展开更多
Developing nonprecious electrocatalysts with bifunctional performances for oxygen reduction(ORR)and evolution reactions(OER)remains a crucial challenge in rechargeable Zn-air batteries(RZABs).In this study,we report t...Developing nonprecious electrocatalysts with bifunctional performances for oxygen reduction(ORR)and evolution reactions(OER)remains a crucial challenge in rechargeable Zn-air batteries(RZABs).In this study,we report the synthesis of a three-dimensional(3D)porous N,P-doped carbon-wrapped cobalt phosphide composite(Co2P@3DNPC)via direct calcination of a novel organic/inorganic porous coordi-nation polymer by an in-situ phosphating strategy.DFT calculations demonstrate the intricate interac-tions occurring during the PEI-directed grinding self-assembly process among Co^(2+),phytic acid(PA),and polyethylenimine(PEI).Specifically,Co^(2+)ions initially adsorb onto PEI molecules before integrating with PA to form a 3D coordination polymer matrix.As-fabricated Co2P@3DNPC composite exhibits impressive ORR/OER bifunctional performances,with a half-wave potential of 0.78 V and an overpotential of 1.71 V,respectively.Its bifunctional activities enable a power density of 148.5 mW cm^(-2)in rechargeable ZABs,with remarkable stability(>480 h)during a discharge-charge cycle.The interconnected porous structure and embedded Co2P nanoparticles optimize the electrode-electrolyte interfacial contact,boosting energy density and cycle life of as-assembled ZABs.This innovative approach paves the way for efficient,cost-effective production of bifunctional electrocatalysts for RZABs.展开更多
Voids critically degrade the mechanical properties of traditional carbon fiber composites and may induce catastrophic failure.While techniques such as ultrasonic attenuation and microscale X-ray computed tomography ch...Voids critically degrade the mechanical properties of traditional carbon fiber composites and may induce catastrophic failure.While techniques such as ultrasonic attenuation and microscale X-ray computed tomography characterize voids in such composites,they are unable to detect nanoscale voids.Consequently,nanocomposites assembled from two-dimensional(2D)nanosheets are often presumed to be fully dense,causing prolonged neglect of void structures in macroscopic 2D nanocomposites.展开更多
Vanadium-based compounds with high theoretical capacities and relatively stable crystal structures are potential cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,their low electronic conductivity and sluggi...Vanadium-based compounds with high theoretical capacities and relatively stable crystal structures are potential cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,their low electronic conductivity and sluggish zinc-ion diffusion kinetics in the crystal lattice are greatly obstructing their practical application.Herein,a general and simple nitrogen doping strategy is proposed to construct nitrogen-doped VO_(2)(B)nanobelts(denoted as VO_(2)-N)by the ammonia heat treatment.Compared with pure VO_(2)(B),VO_(2)-N shows an expanded lattice,reduced grain size,and disordered structure,which facilitates ion transport,provides additional ion storage sites,and improves structural durability,thus presenting much-enhanced zinc-ion storage performance.Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that nitrogen doping in VO_(2)(B)improves its electronic properties and reduces the zinc-ion diffusion barrier.The optimal VO_(2)-N400 electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 373.7 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1)and stable cycling performance after 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).The zinc-ion storage mechanism of VO_(2)-N is identified as a typical intercalation/de-intercalation process.展开更多
Sodium(Na)metal stands out as a highly promising anode material for highenergy-density Na batteries owing to its abundant resources and exceptional theoretical capacity at low redox potential.Nevertheless,the uncontro...Sodium(Na)metal stands out as a highly promising anode material for highenergy-density Na batteries owing to its abundant resources and exceptional theoretical capacity at low redox potential.Nevertheless,the uncontrolled growth of Na dendrites and the accompanying volumetric changes during the plating/stripping process lead to safety concerns and poor electrochemical performances.This study introduces nitrogen and oxygen co-doped carbon nanofiber networks wrapped carbon felt(NO-CNCF),serving as Na deposition skeletons to facilitate a highly reversible Na metal anode.The NO-CNCF framework with uniformly distributed“sodiophilic”functional groups,nanonetwork protuberances,and cross-linked network scaffold structure can avoid charge accumulation and facilitate the dendrite-free Na deposition.Benefiting from these features,the NO-CNCF@Na symmetrical cells demonstrate notable enhancements in cycling stability,achieving 4000 h cycles at 1mA cm^(−2) for 1 mAh cm^(−2) and 2400 h cycles at 2mA cm^(−2) for 2 mAh cm^(−2) with voltage overpotential of approximately 6 and 10 mV,respectively.Furthermore,the NVP//NO-CNCF@Na full cells achieve stable cycling performance and favorable rate capability.This investigation offers novel insights into fabricating a“sodiophilic”matrix with a multistage structure toward high-performance Na metal batteries.展开更多
Metal-sulfur battery,which provides considerable high energy density at a low cost,is an appealing energy-storage technology for future long-range electric vehicles and large-scale power grids.One major challenge of m...Metal-sulfur battery,which provides considerable high energy density at a low cost,is an appealing energy-storage technology for future long-range electric vehicles and large-scale power grids.One major challenge of metal-sulfur batteries is their long-term cycling stability,which is significantly deteriorated by the generation of various soluble polysulfide intermediates and the shuttling of these intermediates through the separator.Furthermore,the intrinsically sluggish reaction kinetics associated with the poor conductivity of sulfur/sulfides family causes a large polarization in cycle behavior,which further deteriorates the electrode rechargeability.To solve these problems,the research communities have spent a great amount of effort on designing smart cathodes to delicately tailor the physiochemical interaction between the sulfur hosts and polysulfides.Here,we summarize the key progress in the development of two-dimensional(2D)host materials showing advantageous tunability of their physiochemical properties through coordination control methods such as defect engineering,heteroatom doping,heterostructure,and phase and interface engineering.Accordingly,we discuss the mechanisms of polysulfide anchoring and catalyzing upon specific coordination environment in conjunction with possible structure-property relationships and theoretical analysis.This review will provide prospective fundamental guidance for future sulfur host design and beyond.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:With the rapid advancement of energy storage technologies,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)based on graphite anodes and liquid organic electrolytes have achieved remarkable progress.Nevertheless,the limited speci...CONSPECTUS:With the rapid advancement of energy storage technologies,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)based on graphite anodes and liquid organic electrolytes have achieved remarkable progress.Nevertheless,the limited specific capacity of graphite anodes and the safety concerns associated with organic electrolytes hinder further enhancement of LIBs.In pursuit of higher energy density and improved safety,solid-state Li metal batteries(SSLMBs)have drawn significant attention.Furthermore,anodefree solid-state batteries(AFSSBs),as a particularly promising innovation in the field of energy storage,have gained increasing interest in recent years.展开更多
The rapid advancement of wearable electronics has driven significant interest in the development of wearable energy storage technologies.Among them,aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)have gained considerable attention as...The rapid advancement of wearable electronics has driven significant interest in the development of wearable energy storage technologies.Among them,aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)have gained considerable attention as promising candidates for portable and wearable applications.In particular,aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs offer distinctive advantages,such as miniaturization,flexibility,and wearability,making them especially suitable for powering next-generation wearable devices.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs,focusing on the fabrication of fiber-based electrodes and various battery configurations.In addition,we highlight the evolution of fiber-shaped ZIBs from single-function to multi-function systems,exploring their potential for diverse applications.The review also addresses the key challenges in this field and discusses future research directions to drive the further development of aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs.展开更多
MXenes are crucial for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,thermal camouflage,and other essential applications due to their exceptionalmechanical,electrical,and thermal properties.However,the currently availabl...MXenes are crucial for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,thermal camouflage,and other essential applications due to their exceptionalmechanical,electrical,and thermal properties.However,the currently available synthetic methods for singlelayer MXene nanosheets require a two-step etching and exfoliation process,leading to prolonged processing times and low yields,which hinder the applications of MXene nanosheets.We present a one-step process for preparing high-quality MXene nanosheets that combines graphite-assisted ball milling(GABM)and etching at room temperature.The MXene nanosheet yield reached 97 wt%,exceeding previously reported methods.Our innovative GABM method achieved synergistic exfoliation and etching in a single step by incorporating graphite,which enhanced shear forces and reduced the perpendicular impact energy that can cause damage.The MXene nanosheets exhibited a Young’s modulus of 0.37±0.03 TPa and an exceptional electrical conductivity.We demonstrated that the resulting high-quality MXene nanosheets could be readily assembled into fibers of>50 m long,as well as films and three-dimensional(3D)bulk assemblies.The resulting large-scale MXene films possessed excellent mechanical and electrical properties,and showed outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness,along with low mid-infrared emissivity.Our developed high-yield synthetic method for MXene nanosheets has established a viable pathway for scalable production,thereby promoting their commercial applications.展开更多
Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides(MXenes)exhibit outstanding mechanical and electrical properties,making them highly promising for applications across various fields,including electronics,aerospace,en...Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides(MXenes)exhibit outstanding mechanical and electrical properties,making them highly promising for applications across various fields,including electronics,aerospace,energy storage,etc.However,it remains challenging to assemble MXene nanosheets into high-performance macroscopic nanocomposites primarily due to the low-stress transfer efficiency between nanosheets.We have discovered that the presence of voids within MXene-based nanocomposites usually plays a key role in enhancing their performance.In this review,we systematically discuss the impact of voids on the performance of MXene-based nanocomposites and subsequently present strategies for reducing the voids,including synergistic interfacial interactions,nanosheets filling,optimization of the fabrication process,nanoconfined assembly,and more.Finally,we provide an outlook on the challenges and outline a roadmap for the fabrication of high-performance MXene-based nanocomposites.展开更多
The significant advancement of high-power densification and miniaturization in modern electronic devices has attracted increasing attention to effective thermal management.The primary objective of thermal management i...The significant advancement of high-power densification and miniaturization in modern electronic devices has attracted increasing attention to effective thermal management.The primary objective of thermal management is to transfer excess heat from electronics to the outside environment through the use of thermal conductive materials.The anisotropic thermally conductive films(TCFs)based on two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials exhibit out-standing controlled heat transfer capability,which effectively removes hotspots along the in-plane direction and provides thermal insulation along the cross-plane direction.However,a comprehensive review of anisotropic TCFs is rarely reported.Herein,we first discuss the intrinsic anisotropic thermal conductivity of 2D nanomaterials for preparing TCFs.Then,the preparation methods and anisotropic thermal conductivity of TCFs have been summarized and discussed.Furthermore,we conclude with the practical applications of TCFs for anisotropy thermal management.Finally,a conclusion of the challenges and outlook of TCFs is provided to promote their development in future scientific research.展开更多
O3-type layered transition metal oxide cathodes have attracted considerable attention due to their high sodium storage capacity and straight-forward synthesis process.However,their practical applic-ations are limited ...O3-type layered transition metal oxide cathodes have attracted considerable attention due to their high sodium storage capacity and straight-forward synthesis process.However,their practical applic-ations are limited by irreversible phase transitions,transition metal dissolution,and sluggish Na^(+)diffusion kinetics.Herein,a unique high-entropy oxide(HEO),Na_(0.88)K_(0.02)Ni_(0.24)Li_(0.06)Mg_(0.07)Fe_(0.1)Mn_(0.41)Ti_(0.1)Sn_(0.02)O_(2) is constructed by combining biphasic engineering and dual-site high-entropy doping for stable sodium storage.This synergistic effect significantly improves structural stability,enhances particle integrity,suppresses transition metal dissolution,accelerates electrochemical reaction kinetics,and mitigates electrolyte decomposition during the electrochemical cycling.Therefore,the HEO cathode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance,delivering a remarkable rate capability of 74.19 mAh·g^(-1) at 10 C and outstanding cycling stability with 82.68% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.In addition,the practical viability of HEO is confirmed by its outstanding air stability and stable operation of full cells.These findings underscore the potential of synergistic effect of biphasic engineering and dual-site high-entropy doping in developing high-performance cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Rechargeable zinc–air batteries(RZABs),emerged as a prospective energy conversion device,have garnered substantial attention from researchers over the past decades.Nevertheless,the sluggish kinetic processes related ...Rechargeable zinc–air batteries(RZABs),emerged as a prospective energy conversion device,have garnered substantial attention from researchers over the past decades.Nevertheless,the sluggish kinetic processes related to the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)that occurred on the air cathode throughout the charge–discharge cycles pose a significant challenge.Therefore,the advancement of bifunctional electrocatalysts possessing excellent performance and robust cycling stability is of crucial importance.Herein,a coordination polymer(dimethylimidazolium-Co^(2+)-potassium ferricyanide),assembled via chemical induced self-assembly strategy,has been utilized as precursors for the fabrication of 1D/3D dual carbonsupported Fe_(3)Co nitrogen carbides(Fe_(3)Co–NC).Confirmed by characterization results and theoretical calculations,the synergistic effect of FeN_(2)–CoN_(3)active sites and the 1D/3D hierarchical networks effectively enhances its bifunctional ORR/OER activities under alkaline electrolyte conditions.Specifically,asprepared Fe_(3)Co-NC composite exhibits a remarkable half-wave potential of 0.88 V and achieves a 1.67 V overpotential at 10 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the peak power density of the as-assembled RZAB reaches 182.4 mW cm^(-2),maintaining an output voltage of approximately 1.1 V after 400 h of galvanostatic discharge–charge cycling.This research proposes a new,cost-effective,and high-performance synthesis approach for the preparation of bifunctional electrocatalysts.展开更多
Graphene has shown tremendous potential in aerospace applications due to its exceptional mechanical and electrical properties.However,transferring graphene’s intrinsic qualities to macroscopic assemblies presents a s...Graphene has shown tremendous potential in aerospace applications due to its exceptional mechanical and electrical properties.However,transferring graphene’s intrinsic qualities to macroscopic assemblies presents a significant challenge.In this study,we propose a stretching-induced confined assembly strategy to fabricate ultrastrong graphene films and investigate their applications in extreme environments.The resulting graphene films exhibit remarkable tensile strength(1.97 GPa)and Young’s modulus(108 GPa),which are the strongest previously reported graphene films.These superior properties arise from the synergistic interfacial effects of covalent bonds andπ–πconjugation formed between graphene nanosheets during the confined assembly process,significantly enhancing interlayer load transfer efficiency.The densely aligned graphene films(with an orientation degree of up to 0.97)maintain stable mechanical and electrical performance under extreme conditions,including cryogenic to high temperatures(−110 to 150℃)and UV exposure,surpassing conventional carbon fiber composites.Our proposed strategy provides new insights for fabricating macroscopic assemblies of two-dimensional nanomaterials and enhancing their performance in extreme environments.展开更多
Thermally conductive polymer nanocomposites integrated with lightweight,excellent flexural strength,and high fracture toughness(KIc)would be of great use in many fields.However,achieving all of these properties simult...Thermally conductive polymer nanocomposites integrated with lightweight,excellent flexural strength,and high fracture toughness(KIc)would be of great use in many fields.However,achieving all of these properties simultaneously remains a great challenge.Inspired by natural nacre,here we demonstrate a lightweight,strong,tough,and thermally conductive boron nitride nanosheet/epoxy layered(BNNEL)nanocomposite.Because of the layered structure and enhancing the interfacial interactions through hydrogen bonding and Si–O–B covalent bonding,the resulting nacre-inspired BNNEL nanocomposites show high fracture toughness of~4.22 MPa·m^(1/2),which is 7 folds as high as pure epoxy.Moreover,the BNNEL nanocomposites demonstrate sufficient flexural strength(~168.90 MPa,comparable to epoxy resin),while also being lightweight(~1.23 g/cm^(3)).Additionally,the BNNEL nanocomposites display a thermal conductivity(κ)of~0.47 W/(m·K)at low boron nitride nanosheet loading of 2.08 vol.%,which is 2.7 times higher than that of pure epoxy resin.The developed nacre-inspired strategy of layered structure design and interfacial enhancement provides an avenue for fabricating high mechanical properties and thermally conductive polymer nanocomposites.展开更多
Nacre has inspired research to fabricate tough bulk composites for practical applications using inorganic nanomaterials as building blocks.However,with the considerable pressure to reduce global carbon emissions,prepa...Nacre has inspired research to fabricate tough bulk composites for practical applications using inorganic nanomaterials as building blocks.However,with the considerable pressure to reduce global carbon emissions,preparing nacre-inspired composites remains a significant challenge using more economical and environmentally friendly building blocks.Here we demonstrate tough and conductive nacre by assembling aragonite platelets exfoliated from natural nacre,with liquid metal and sodium alginate used as the “mortar”.The formation of Ga-O-C coordination bonding between the gallium ions and sodium alginate molecules reduces the voids and improves compactness.The resultant conductive nacre exhibits much higher mechanical properties than natural nacre.It also shows excellent impact resistance attributed to the synergistic strengthening and toughening fracture mechanisms induced by liquid metal and sodium alginate.Furthermore,our conductive nacre exhibits exceptional self-monitoring sensitivity for maintaining structural integrity.The proposed strategy provides a novel avenue for turning natural nacre into a valuable green composite.展开更多
Cherenkov radiation(CR)is available for a wide variety of terahertz(THz)radiation sources,but its efficiency is deeply affected by intrinsic losses.We find that if the tilted angle(α)of anisotropic material and radia...Cherenkov radiation(CR)is available for a wide variety of terahertz(THz)radiation sources,but its efficiency is deeply affected by intrinsic losses.We find that if the tilted angle(α)of anisotropic material and radiation angle(θ)meet the condition ofθ+α=π/2,the intensity of radiation fields for the charged particle bunch(CPB)moving from left to right cannot be influenced by intrinsic losses,which means long-distance radiation can be achieved.Furthermore,we observe an asymmetric CR when the CPB moves from the opposite direction.In addition,we select natural van der Waals(vd W)materialα-MoO3as an example,further confirming that the radiation field can reach the far field and the asymmetric CR radiation can also be observed.These wonderful properties with long-distance radiation will extend the application of CR to a certain extent for future design and fabrication.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971146 and 22272093)the Taishan Scholarship Fund in Shandong Provinces(ts201511004)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021MB127)the operational support of ANSTO staff for synchrotron-based characterizations(Awarded beamtime:AS212/PD/17323)the support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)(DE200101384 and LP180100722)。
文摘Ino rganic tubular materials have an exceptionally wide range of applications,yet developing a simple and universal method to controllably synthesize them remains challenging.In this work,we report a vaporphase-etching hard-template method that can directly fabricate tubes on various thermally stable oxide and sulfide materials.This synthesis method features the introduction of a vapor-phase-etching process to greatly simplify the steps involved in preparing tubular materials and avoids complicated postprocessing procedures.Furthermore,the in-situ heating transmission electron microscopy(TEM)technique is used to observe the dynamic formation process of TiO_(2-x) tubes,indicating that the removal process of the Sb2S3 templates first experienced the Rayleigh instability,then vapor-phase-etching process.When used as an anode for sodium ion batteries,the TiO_(2-x) tube exhibits excellent rate performance of134.6 mA h g^(-1) at the high current density of 10 A g^(-1) and long-term cycling over 7000 cycles.Moreover,the full cell demonstrates excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of 98%after 1000 cycles,indicating that it is a promising anode material for batteries.This method can be expanded to the design and synthesis of other thermally-stable tubular materials such as ZnS,MoS_(2),and SiO_(2).
基金financially supported by an Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Project(DP180101453)an Australian Renewable Energy Agency(ARENA)Project(G00849)+1 种基金the 2021 Ludo Frevel Crystal ography Scholarship Awardan AINSE Ltd.Postgraduate Research Award(PGRA)
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a pivotal role in today's society,with widespread applications in portable electronics,electric vehicles,and smart grids.Commercial LIBs predominantly utilize graphite anodes due to their high energy density and cost-effectiveness.Graphite anodes face challenges,however,in extreme safety-demanding situations,such as airplanes and passenger ships.The lithiation of graphite can potentially form lithium dendrites at low temperatures,causing short circuits.Additionally,the dissolution of the solid-electrolyte-interphase on graphite surfaces at high temperatures can lead to intense reactions with the electrolyte,initiating thermal runaway.This review introduces two promising high-safety anode materials,Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7).Both materials exhibit low tendencies towards lithium dendrite formation and have high onset temperatures for reactions with the electrolyte,resulting in reduced heat generation and significantly lower probabilities of thermal runaway.Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7)offer enhanced safety characteristics compared to graphite,making them suitable for applications with stringent safety requirements.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7),focusing on their material properties and practical applicability.It aims to contribute to the understanding and development of high-safety anode materials for advanced LIBs,addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation in real-world applications.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(22105118)Nature Science Foundation of Shandong Provinces(ZR2021QB095)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020TQ0183 and 2021M701979).
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kinetics still require improvement.Encouraged by the excellent electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials,here,we present a novel titanium vanadate@carbon(TVO@C)material as anode for SIBs.Our TVO@C material is synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method,with the following annealing process in an acetylene atomosphere.The opened ion channel and the oxygen vacancies within TVO@C facilitate the diffusion of Na^(+) ions,reducing their diffusion barrier.Thus,an ultrahigh rate of 100 A g^(-1)and long life of 10,000 cycles have been achieved.Furthermore,the TVO@C electrode exhibits stable performance,not only at room temperature,but also at temperatures as low as 20 C.The TVO@CjjNa_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cells have also achieved stable discharge/charge for 500 cycles.It is believed that this strategy provides new insight into the development of advanced electrodes and provides a new opportunity for constructing novel high rate electrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371809)the Zhejiang Public Welfare Public Research Program(LGC22B010001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial University of Zhejiang(2024TD002).
文摘Rechargeable chlorine-based battery recently emerged as a promising substitute for energy storage systems due to their high average operating voltage(~3.7 V)and large theoretical capacity of~754.9 mAh g-1.However,insufficient supply of chlorine(Cl_(2))and sluggish oxidation of NaCl to Cl_(2) limit its practical application.Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs)have the potential to be ideal Cl_(2) host materials as Cl_(2) adsorbents for their abundant porosity and easily modifiable nature.In this work,the single atom Mn coordinated biomimetic phthalocyanine COFs are used for Cl_(2) capture and catalyst.The DFT reveals that ASMn and-NH_(2) significantly change the microenvironment around the active site,effectively promoting the oxidation of NaCl.When applied as the cathode material for Na-Cl_(2) batteries,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 electrode exhibits large reversible capacities and excellent high-rate cycling performances throughout 200 cycles based on the mechanism of highly reversible NaCl/Cl_(2) redox reactions.Even at the temperature as low as-40℃,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 cathode showed stable discharge ca-pacities at~1000 mAh g^(-1) over 50 cycles with a voltage plateau of~3.3 V.This work may provide new insights for the investigation of chlorine-based electrochemical redox mechanisms and the design of green nanoscaled electrodes for high-property chlorine-based batteries.
基金supported by the Research Project of the Hubei Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.Q20232503)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Huangshi of China(No.2022CFD039)+8 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22075072 and 52301272)the Program for Innovative Teams of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Researchers in the Higher Education Institutions of Hubei Province(No.T2021010)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2023AFB1010)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ23E020002)the Wenzhou Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Research Project(No.ZG2023053)the Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation(No.G20220019)the Cooperation between industry and education project of Ministry of Education(No.220601318235513)the Wenzhou Science and Technology Association Serves Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects(KJFW0201)The State Key Laboratory funding of Disaster Prevention&Mitigation of Explosion&Impact(No.LGD-SKL-202203).
文摘Developing nonprecious electrocatalysts with bifunctional performances for oxygen reduction(ORR)and evolution reactions(OER)remains a crucial challenge in rechargeable Zn-air batteries(RZABs).In this study,we report the synthesis of a three-dimensional(3D)porous N,P-doped carbon-wrapped cobalt phosphide composite(Co2P@3DNPC)via direct calcination of a novel organic/inorganic porous coordi-nation polymer by an in-situ phosphating strategy.DFT calculations demonstrate the intricate interac-tions occurring during the PEI-directed grinding self-assembly process among Co^(2+),phytic acid(PA),and polyethylenimine(PEI).Specifically,Co^(2+)ions initially adsorb onto PEI molecules before integrating with PA to form a 3D coordination polymer matrix.As-fabricated Co2P@3DNPC composite exhibits impressive ORR/OER bifunctional performances,with a half-wave potential of 0.78 V and an overpotential of 1.71 V,respectively.Its bifunctional activities enable a power density of 148.5 mW cm^(-2)in rechargeable ZABs,with remarkable stability(>480 h)during a discharge-charge cycle.The interconnected porous structure and embedded Co2P nanoparticles optimize the electrode-electrolyte interfacial contact,boosting energy density and cycle life of as-assembled ZABs.This innovative approach paves the way for efficient,cost-effective production of bifunctional electrocatalysts for RZABs.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(52522303)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(52125302)+5 种基金the Beijing Nova Program(20230484326)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0715700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52550002 and 52373066)the Suzhou Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Science(SZ2024004)the open research fund of Suzhou Laboratory(SZLAB-1108-2024-ZD002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘Voids critically degrade the mechanical properties of traditional carbon fiber composites and may induce catastrophic failure.While techniques such as ultrasonic attenuation and microscale X-ray computed tomography characterize voids in such composites,they are unable to detect nanoscale voids.Consequently,nanocomposites assembled from two-dimensional(2D)nanosheets are often presumed to be fully dense,causing prolonged neglect of void structures in macroscopic 2D nanocomposites.
基金supported from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022MB088)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138013)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Project(ts201712020)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for college students of the China University of Petroleum(East China)(202207011)。
文摘Vanadium-based compounds with high theoretical capacities and relatively stable crystal structures are potential cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,their low electronic conductivity and sluggish zinc-ion diffusion kinetics in the crystal lattice are greatly obstructing their practical application.Herein,a general and simple nitrogen doping strategy is proposed to construct nitrogen-doped VO_(2)(B)nanobelts(denoted as VO_(2)-N)by the ammonia heat treatment.Compared with pure VO_(2)(B),VO_(2)-N shows an expanded lattice,reduced grain size,and disordered structure,which facilitates ion transport,provides additional ion storage sites,and improves structural durability,thus presenting much-enhanced zinc-ion storage performance.Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that nitrogen doping in VO_(2)(B)improves its electronic properties and reduces the zinc-ion diffusion barrier.The optimal VO_(2)-N400 electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 373.7 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1)and stable cycling performance after 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).The zinc-ion storage mechanism of VO_(2)-N is identified as a typical intercalation/de-intercalation process.
基金Talent Project of University and Research Institute of Jinan,Grant/Award Number:2020GXRC044Talent research project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Grant/Award Number:2023RCKY161+3 种基金Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Grant/Award Number:BG-KFX-01Science and Technology Project of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:WST2020010Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ZR2021QB138Science,Education and Industry Integration of Basic Research Projects of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Grant/Award Number:2023PX007。
文摘Sodium(Na)metal stands out as a highly promising anode material for highenergy-density Na batteries owing to its abundant resources and exceptional theoretical capacity at low redox potential.Nevertheless,the uncontrolled growth of Na dendrites and the accompanying volumetric changes during the plating/stripping process lead to safety concerns and poor electrochemical performances.This study introduces nitrogen and oxygen co-doped carbon nanofiber networks wrapped carbon felt(NO-CNCF),serving as Na deposition skeletons to facilitate a highly reversible Na metal anode.The NO-CNCF framework with uniformly distributed“sodiophilic”functional groups,nanonetwork protuberances,and cross-linked network scaffold structure can avoid charge accumulation and facilitate the dendrite-free Na deposition.Benefiting from these features,the NO-CNCF@Na symmetrical cells demonstrate notable enhancements in cycling stability,achieving 4000 h cycles at 1mA cm^(−2) for 1 mAh cm^(−2) and 2400 h cycles at 2mA cm^(−2) for 2 mAh cm^(−2) with voltage overpotential of approximately 6 and 10 mV,respectively.Furthermore,the NVP//NO-CNCF@Na full cells achieve stable cycling performance and favorable rate capability.This investigation offers novel insights into fabricating a“sodiophilic”matrix with a multistage structure toward high-performance Na metal batteries.
基金support from the Science and Technology Bureau of Huangpu District(No.2020GH03)the Innovation and Technology-Fund Partnership Research Programme(No.PRP/055/21FX)+2 种基金Innovation and Technology Fund-Gong Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding Scheme(No.GHP/047/20GD)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices(GDSTC No.2019B121205001)Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center.
文摘Metal-sulfur battery,which provides considerable high energy density at a low cost,is an appealing energy-storage technology for future long-range electric vehicles and large-scale power grids.One major challenge of metal-sulfur batteries is their long-term cycling stability,which is significantly deteriorated by the generation of various soluble polysulfide intermediates and the shuttling of these intermediates through the separator.Furthermore,the intrinsically sluggish reaction kinetics associated with the poor conductivity of sulfur/sulfides family causes a large polarization in cycle behavior,which further deteriorates the electrode rechargeability.To solve these problems,the research communities have spent a great amount of effort on designing smart cathodes to delicately tailor the physiochemical interaction between the sulfur hosts and polysulfides.Here,we summarize the key progress in the development of two-dimensional(2D)host materials showing advantageous tunability of their physiochemical properties through coordination control methods such as defect engineering,heteroatom doping,heterostructure,and phase and interface engineering.Accordingly,we discuss the mechanisms of polysulfide anchoring and catalyzing upon specific coordination environment in conjunction with possible structure-property relationships and theoretical analysis.This review will provide prospective fundamental guidance for future sulfur host design and beyond.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22409131 and 52472237)“Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai”(24ZR1454600)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research and Xiaomi Young Talents Program.
文摘CONSPECTUS:With the rapid advancement of energy storage technologies,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)based on graphite anodes and liquid organic electrolytes have achieved remarkable progress.Nevertheless,the limited specific capacity of graphite anodes and the safety concerns associated with organic electrolytes hinder further enhancement of LIBs.In pursuit of higher energy density and improved safety,solid-state Li metal batteries(SSLMBs)have drawn significant attention.Furthermore,anodefree solid-state batteries(AFSSBs),as a particularly promising innovation in the field of energy storage,have gained increasing interest in recent years.
基金Research Fund for International Scientists(52350710795)National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Shanghai Pujiang Program(24PJA090).
文摘The rapid advancement of wearable electronics has driven significant interest in the development of wearable energy storage technologies.Among them,aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)have gained considerable attention as promising candidates for portable and wearable applications.In particular,aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs offer distinctive advantages,such as miniaturization,flexibility,and wearability,making them especially suitable for powering next-generation wearable devices.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs,focusing on the fabrication of fiber-based electrodes and various battery configurations.In addition,we highlight the evolution of fiber-shaped ZIBs from single-function to multi-function systems,exploring their potential for diverse applications.The review also addresses the key challenges in this field and discusses future research directions to drive the further development of aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(grant no.52125302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.52550002)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2021YFA0715700)the Open Research Fund of Suzhou Laboratory through the SZLAB-1108-2024-ZD002the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE,and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Science,China(grant no.SZ2024004).
文摘MXenes are crucial for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,thermal camouflage,and other essential applications due to their exceptionalmechanical,electrical,and thermal properties.However,the currently available synthetic methods for singlelayer MXene nanosheets require a two-step etching and exfoliation process,leading to prolonged processing times and low yields,which hinder the applications of MXene nanosheets.We present a one-step process for preparing high-quality MXene nanosheets that combines graphite-assisted ball milling(GABM)and etching at room temperature.The MXene nanosheet yield reached 97 wt%,exceeding previously reported methods.Our innovative GABM method achieved synergistic exfoliation and etching in a single step by incorporating graphite,which enhanced shear forces and reduced the perpendicular impact energy that can cause damage.The MXene nanosheets exhibited a Young’s modulus of 0.37±0.03 TPa and an exceptional electrical conductivity.We demonstrated that the resulting high-quality MXene nanosheets could be readily assembled into fibers of>50 m long,as well as films and three-dimensional(3D)bulk assemblies.The resulting large-scale MXene films possessed excellent mechanical and electrical properties,and showed outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness,along with low mid-infrared emissivity.Our developed high-yield synthetic method for MXene nanosheets has established a viable pathway for scalable production,thereby promoting their commercial applications.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(52125302)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0715700)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of Suzhou Laboratory(SZLAB-1108-2024-ZD002)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE,and the Suzhou Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Science(SZ2024004).
文摘Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides(MXenes)exhibit outstanding mechanical and electrical properties,making them highly promising for applications across various fields,including electronics,aerospace,energy storage,etc.However,it remains challenging to assemble MXene nanosheets into high-performance macroscopic nanocomposites primarily due to the low-stress transfer efficiency between nanosheets.We have discovered that the presence of voids within MXene-based nanocomposites usually plays a key role in enhancing their performance.In this review,we systematically discuss the impact of voids on the performance of MXene-based nanocomposites and subsequently present strategies for reducing the voids,including synergistic interfacial interactions,nanosheets filling,optimization of the fabrication process,nanoconfined assembly,and more.Finally,we provide an outlook on the challenges and outline a roadmap for the fabrication of high-performance MXene-based nanocomposites.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFA0715700National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,Grant/Award Number:52125302+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22075009,52350012111 Project,Grant/Award Number:B14009。
文摘The significant advancement of high-power densification and miniaturization in modern electronic devices has attracted increasing attention to effective thermal management.The primary objective of thermal management is to transfer excess heat from electronics to the outside environment through the use of thermal conductive materials.The anisotropic thermally conductive films(TCFs)based on two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials exhibit out-standing controlled heat transfer capability,which effectively removes hotspots along the in-plane direction and provides thermal insulation along the cross-plane direction.However,a comprehensive review of anisotropic TCFs is rarely reported.Herein,we first discuss the intrinsic anisotropic thermal conductivity of 2D nanomaterials for preparing TCFs.Then,the preparation methods and anisotropic thermal conductivity of TCFs have been summarized and discussed.Furthermore,we conclude with the practical applications of TCFs for anisotropy thermal management.Finally,a conclusion of the challenges and outlook of TCFs is provided to promote their development in future scientific research.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22005082,52202286,and 22309002)Project supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12204143)+9 种基金Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(Nos.CXY2024036 and QN2024190)Special Project of Local Science and Technology Development Guided by the Central Government of China(Nos.226Z4402G and 246Z4410G)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY24B030006)Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality(No.ZG2024055)Basic Research Project of Wenzhou City(No.G20220016)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.B2024202022 and B2024202081)the Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(No.24JCQNJC00750)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2308085QB55)Basic Research Program of Shijiazhuang(No.241790717A)the Postdoctoral Funding Project of Hebei Province(No.B2023003015).
文摘O3-type layered transition metal oxide cathodes have attracted considerable attention due to their high sodium storage capacity and straight-forward synthesis process.However,their practical applic-ations are limited by irreversible phase transitions,transition metal dissolution,and sluggish Na^(+)diffusion kinetics.Herein,a unique high-entropy oxide(HEO),Na_(0.88)K_(0.02)Ni_(0.24)Li_(0.06)Mg_(0.07)Fe_(0.1)Mn_(0.41)Ti_(0.1)Sn_(0.02)O_(2) is constructed by combining biphasic engineering and dual-site high-entropy doping for stable sodium storage.This synergistic effect significantly improves structural stability,enhances particle integrity,suppresses transition metal dissolution,accelerates electrochemical reaction kinetics,and mitigates electrolyte decomposition during the electrochemical cycling.Therefore,the HEO cathode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance,delivering a remarkable rate capability of 74.19 mAh·g^(-1) at 10 C and outstanding cycling stability with 82.68% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.In addition,the practical viability of HEO is confirmed by its outstanding air stability and stable operation of full cells.These findings underscore the potential of synergistic effect of biphasic engineering and dual-site high-entropy doping in developing high-performance cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,Grant/Award Number:2023AFB1010Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education,Grant/Award Number:Q20232503+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,Grant/Award Number:LQ23E020002Wenzhou Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Research Project,Grant/Award Number:ZG2023053Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:G20220019Cooperation Between Industry and Education Project of Ministry of Education,Grant/Award Number:220601318235513Wenzhou Science and Technology Association Serves Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects,Grant/Award Number:KJFW0201。
文摘Rechargeable zinc–air batteries(RZABs),emerged as a prospective energy conversion device,have garnered substantial attention from researchers over the past decades.Nevertheless,the sluggish kinetic processes related to the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)that occurred on the air cathode throughout the charge–discharge cycles pose a significant challenge.Therefore,the advancement of bifunctional electrocatalysts possessing excellent performance and robust cycling stability is of crucial importance.Herein,a coordination polymer(dimethylimidazolium-Co^(2+)-potassium ferricyanide),assembled via chemical induced self-assembly strategy,has been utilized as precursors for the fabrication of 1D/3D dual carbonsupported Fe_(3)Co nitrogen carbides(Fe_(3)Co–NC).Confirmed by characterization results and theoretical calculations,the synergistic effect of FeN_(2)–CoN_(3)active sites and the 1D/3D hierarchical networks effectively enhances its bifunctional ORR/OER activities under alkaline electrolyte conditions.Specifically,asprepared Fe_(3)Co-NC composite exhibits a remarkable half-wave potential of 0.88 V and achieves a 1.67 V overpotential at 10 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the peak power density of the as-assembled RZAB reaches 182.4 mW cm^(-2),maintaining an output voltage of approximately 1.1 V after 400 h of galvanostatic discharge–charge cycling.This research proposes a new,cost-effective,and high-performance synthesis approach for the preparation of bifunctional electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(grant no.52125302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.52550002)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant·no.2021YFA0715700)Open Research Fund of Suzhou Laboratory(grant·no.SZLAB-1108-2024-ZD002)Suzhou Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Science(grant·no.SZ2024004)New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘Graphene has shown tremendous potential in aerospace applications due to its exceptional mechanical and electrical properties.However,transferring graphene’s intrinsic qualities to macroscopic assemblies presents a significant challenge.In this study,we propose a stretching-induced confined assembly strategy to fabricate ultrastrong graphene films and investigate their applications in extreme environments.The resulting graphene films exhibit remarkable tensile strength(1.97 GPa)and Young’s modulus(108 GPa),which are the strongest previously reported graphene films.These superior properties arise from the synergistic interfacial effects of covalent bonds andπ–πconjugation formed between graphene nanosheets during the confined assembly process,significantly enhancing interlayer load transfer efficiency.The densely aligned graphene films(with an orientation degree of up to 0.97)maintain stable mechanical and electrical performance under extreme conditions,including cryogenic to high temperatures(−110 to 150℃)and UV exposure,surpassing conventional carbon fiber composites.Our proposed strategy provides new insights for fabricating macroscopic assemblies of two-dimensional nanomaterials and enhancing their performance in extreme environments.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA0715700)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52125302),National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22075009)111 Project(No.B14009).
文摘Thermally conductive polymer nanocomposites integrated with lightweight,excellent flexural strength,and high fracture toughness(KIc)would be of great use in many fields.However,achieving all of these properties simultaneously remains a great challenge.Inspired by natural nacre,here we demonstrate a lightweight,strong,tough,and thermally conductive boron nitride nanosheet/epoxy layered(BNNEL)nanocomposite.Because of the layered structure and enhancing the interfacial interactions through hydrogen bonding and Si–O–B covalent bonding,the resulting nacre-inspired BNNEL nanocomposites show high fracture toughness of~4.22 MPa·m^(1/2),which is 7 folds as high as pure epoxy.Moreover,the BNNEL nanocomposites demonstrate sufficient flexural strength(~168.90 MPa,comparable to epoxy resin),while also being lightweight(~1.23 g/cm^(3)).Additionally,the BNNEL nanocomposites display a thermal conductivity(κ)of~0.47 W/(m·K)at low boron nitride nanosheet loading of 2.08 vol.%,which is 2.7 times higher than that of pure epoxy resin.The developed nacre-inspired strategy of layered structure design and interfacial enhancement provides an avenue for fabricating high mechanical properties and thermally conductive polymer nanocomposites.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0715700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075009 and 52350012)+1 种基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(52125302)111 Project(B14009)。
文摘Nacre has inspired research to fabricate tough bulk composites for practical applications using inorganic nanomaterials as building blocks.However,with the considerable pressure to reduce global carbon emissions,preparing nacre-inspired composites remains a significant challenge using more economical and environmentally friendly building blocks.Here we demonstrate tough and conductive nacre by assembling aragonite platelets exfoliated from natural nacre,with liquid metal and sodium alginate used as the “mortar”.The formation of Ga-O-C coordination bonding between the gallium ions and sodium alginate molecules reduces the voids and improves compactness.The resultant conductive nacre exhibits much higher mechanical properties than natural nacre.It also shows excellent impact resistance attributed to the synergistic strengthening and toughening fracture mechanisms induced by liquid metal and sodium alginate.Furthermore,our conductive nacre exhibits exceptional self-monitoring sensitivity for maintaining structural integrity.The proposed strategy provides a novel avenue for turning natural nacre into a valuable green composite.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1407100,and 2020YFA0710100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92050102,12374410)+3 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20224ACB201005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.20720230102,and 20720220033)the 111 project(Grant No.B16029)the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202206310008)。
文摘Cherenkov radiation(CR)is available for a wide variety of terahertz(THz)radiation sources,but its efficiency is deeply affected by intrinsic losses.We find that if the tilted angle(α)of anisotropic material and radiation angle(θ)meet the condition ofθ+α=π/2,the intensity of radiation fields for the charged particle bunch(CPB)moving from left to right cannot be influenced by intrinsic losses,which means long-distance radiation can be achieved.Furthermore,we observe an asymmetric CR when the CPB moves from the opposite direction.In addition,we select natural van der Waals(vd W)materialα-MoO3as an example,further confirming that the radiation field can reach the far field and the asymmetric CR radiation can also be observed.These wonderful properties with long-distance radiation will extend the application of CR to a certain extent for future design and fabrication.
