Aphids are major agricultural pests that cause significant yield losses in crop plants each year.(E)-β-farnesene(EβF) is the main or only component of an alarm pheromone involved in chemical communication within aph...Aphids are major agricultural pests that cause significant yield losses in crop plants each year.(E)-β-farnesene(EβF) is the main or only component of an alarm pheromone involved in chemical communication within aphid species and particularly in the avoidance of predation. EβF also occurs in the essential oil of some plant species, and is catalyzed by EβF synthase. By using oligonucleotide primers designed from the known sequence of an EβF synthase gene from black peppermint(Mentha × piperita), two cDNA sequences, MaβFS1 and MaβFS2, were isolated from Asian peppermint(Mentha asiatica). Expression pattern analysis showed that the MaβFS1 gene exhibited higher expression in flowers than in roots, stems and leaves at the transcriptional level. Overexpression of MaβFS1 in tobacco plants resulted in emission of pure EβF ranging from 2.62 to 4.85 ng d-1g-1of fresh tissue. Tritrophic interactions involving peach aphids(Myzus persicae), and predatory lacewing(Chrysopa septempunctata) larvae demonstrated that transgenic tobacco expressing MaβFS1 had lower aphid infestation. This result suggested that the EβF synthase gene from Asian peppermint could be a good candidate for genetic engineering of agriculturally important crop plants.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and identify the fungal diseases of wild and red heart kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture.[Methods]The pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased leaves and fruits of wild a...[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and identify the fungal diseases of wild and red heart kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture.[Methods]The pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased leaves and fruits of wild and red heart kiwifruit by tissue separation method.DNA sequencing was carried out by using the sequence analysis of ribosomal r DNA-ITS region,and molecular evolutionary trees were built by using MEGA 4.0 software.Finally,the pathogenic fungi were classified and identified by combining morphological observation.[Results]The main fungal diseases were anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on wild kiwifruit,fruit anthracnose caused by C.acutatum on red heart kiwifruit,leaf soft rot caused by Fusarium incarnatum on red heart kiwifruit,and brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata on red heart kiwifruit.[Conclusions]The study may provide some theoretical basis for the control of kiwifruit diseases in Qiandongnan Prefecture.展开更多
In order to reduce the harm of diseases in red-fleshed kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture and ensure product quality, a new disease in the producing areas were investigated, and pathogen identification were carried o...In order to reduce the harm of diseases in red-fleshed kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture and ensure product quality, a new disease in the producing areas were investigated, and pathogen identification were carried out. The pathogen was isolated from diseased leaves by a tissue separation method. DNA sequencing was performed by the sequence analysis of ribosomal rDNA-ITS(Internal transcribed spacer) region, and a molecular evolutionary tree was constructed by the MEGA 4.0 software. The pathogenic fungus was classified and identified by combining morphological observation finally. The results showed that the dry blight disease in leaf tip was a new disease, which was caused by Epicoccum sorghinum, and it had a serious damage to red-fleshed kiwifruit.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to investigate and identify new diseases in kiwifruit producing areas in Qiandongnan Prefecture to reduce the harm of diseases and ensure the quality of red-fleshed kiwifruit products.[Method]...[Objective]The paper was to investigate and identify new diseases in kiwifruit producing areas in Qiandongnan Prefecture to reduce the harm of diseases and ensure the quality of red-fleshed kiwifruit products.[Method]The pathogenic fungus was isolated from diseased leaves of redfleshed kiwifruit by tissue separation method,and DNA was sequenced by ribosomal rDNA-ITS(internal transcribed spacer)sequencing.Molecular evolutionary trees were built using MEGA4.0 software,and the pathogenic fungus was classified and identified combined with morphological obser-vation.[Result]Leaf tip blight was a new disease caused by Epicoccum sorghinum.It caused serious damage on red-fleshed kiwifruit.[Conclusion]The study supplements diseases of red-fleshed kiwifruit,and provides support for disease prevention and control in late stage.展开更多
(E)-b-Farnesene (EbF) synthase catalyses the production of EbF, which for many aphids is the main or only component of the alarm pheromone causing the repellence of aphids and also functions as a kairomone for aphids...(E)-b-Farnesene (EbF) synthase catalyses the production of EbF, which for many aphids is the main or only component of the alarm pheromone causing the repellence of aphids and also functions as a kairomone for aphids’ natural enemies. Many plants possess EbF synthase genes and can release EbF to repel aphids. In order to effectively recruit the plant-derived EbF synthase genes for aphid control, by using chloroplast transit peptide (CTP) of the small subunit of Rubisco (rbcS) from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we targeted AabFS1, an EbF synthase gene from sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.), to the chloroplast of tobacco to generate CTP t AabFS1 transgenic lines. The CTP t AabFS1 transgenic tobacco plants could emit EbF at a level up to 19.25 ng/day per g fresh tissues, 4–12 fold higher than the AabFS1 transgenic lines without chloroplast targeting. Furthermore, aphid/parasitoid behavioral bio-assays demonstrated that the CTP t AabFS1 transgenic tobacco showed enhanced repellence to green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and attracted response of its parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae, thus affecting aphid infestation at two trophic levels. These data suggest that the chloroplast is an ideal subcellular compartment for metabolic engineering of plant-derived EbF synthase genes to generate a novel type of transgenic plant emitting an alarm pheromone for aphid control.展开更多
基金funded by the Research Initiative on Development of Transgenic Wheat Plants supported by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2011ZX08002-001)the Natural Science Foundation of China (31171618)the Chinese State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insects (SKLOF201307)
文摘Aphids are major agricultural pests that cause significant yield losses in crop plants each year.(E)-β-farnesene(EβF) is the main or only component of an alarm pheromone involved in chemical communication within aphid species and particularly in the avoidance of predation. EβF also occurs in the essential oil of some plant species, and is catalyzed by EβF synthase. By using oligonucleotide primers designed from the known sequence of an EβF synthase gene from black peppermint(Mentha × piperita), two cDNA sequences, MaβFS1 and MaβFS2, were isolated from Asian peppermint(Mentha asiatica). Expression pattern analysis showed that the MaβFS1 gene exhibited higher expression in flowers than in roots, stems and leaves at the transcriptional level. Overexpression of MaβFS1 in tobacco plants resulted in emission of pure EβF ranging from 2.62 to 4.85 ng d-1g-1of fresh tissue. Tritrophic interactions involving peach aphids(Myzus persicae), and predatory lacewing(Chrysopa septempunctata) larvae demonstrated that transgenic tobacco expressing MaβFS1 had lower aphid infestation. This result suggested that the EβF synthase gene from Asian peppermint could be a good candidate for genetic engineering of agriculturally important crop plants.
基金Supported by Identification and Control Analysis of Diseases and Insect Pests of Kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture(QKH H[2017]7178)Guizhou Key Laboratory of Qiandongnan Ethnic Characteristic Food Research and Development(QJH KY[2017]011)Talent Team Project of Guizhou Department of Education(QJHRCTD[2015]70)。
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and identify the fungal diseases of wild and red heart kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture.[Methods]The pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased leaves and fruits of wild and red heart kiwifruit by tissue separation method.DNA sequencing was carried out by using the sequence analysis of ribosomal r DNA-ITS region,and molecular evolutionary trees were built by using MEGA 4.0 software.Finally,the pathogenic fungi were classified and identified by combining morphological observation.[Results]The main fungal diseases were anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on wild kiwifruit,fruit anthracnose caused by C.acutatum on red heart kiwifruit,leaf soft rot caused by Fusarium incarnatum on red heart kiwifruit,and brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata on red heart kiwifruit.[Conclusions]The study may provide some theoretical basis for the control of kiwifruit diseases in Qiandongnan Prefecture.
基金Supported by Province,Prefecture and School Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement Project of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province (QKH H Z[2017]7178)The Science and Technologyof Guizhou Province (2017-1166)。
文摘In order to reduce the harm of diseases in red-fleshed kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture and ensure product quality, a new disease in the producing areas were investigated, and pathogen identification were carried out. The pathogen was isolated from diseased leaves by a tissue separation method. DNA sequencing was performed by the sequence analysis of ribosomal rDNA-ITS(Internal transcribed spacer) region, and a molecular evolutionary tree was constructed by the MEGA 4.0 software. The pathogenic fungus was classified and identified by combining morphological observation finally. The results showed that the dry blight disease in leaf tip was a new disease, which was caused by Epicoccum sorghinum, and it had a serious damage to red-fleshed kiwifruit.
基金Supported by Provincial,Prefecture and College Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement Project of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province"Identification and Control Analysis of Kiwifruit Diseases and Insect Pests in Qiandongnan Prefecture:(QKH H[2017]7178)。
文摘[Objective]The paper was to investigate and identify new diseases in kiwifruit producing areas in Qiandongnan Prefecture to reduce the harm of diseases and ensure the quality of red-fleshed kiwifruit products.[Method]The pathogenic fungus was isolated from diseased leaves of redfleshed kiwifruit by tissue separation method,and DNA was sequenced by ribosomal rDNA-ITS(internal transcribed spacer)sequencing.Molecular evolutionary trees were built using MEGA4.0 software,and the pathogenic fungus was classified and identified combined with morphological obser-vation.[Result]Leaf tip blight was a new disease caused by Epicoccum sorghinum.It caused serious damage on red-fleshed kiwifruit.[Conclusion]The study supplements diseases of red-fleshed kiwifruit,and provides support for disease prevention and control in late stage.
基金partly funded by the Research Initiative on Development of Insect Resistance Transgenic Wheat Plants supported by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2014ZX0800201B)Natural Science Foundation of China (31171618, 31371702)+2 种基金Education Department of Henan Province (14A210004)Nanyang Normal University (ZX2014061)the Chinese State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insects (SKLOF201307)
文摘(E)-b-Farnesene (EbF) synthase catalyses the production of EbF, which for many aphids is the main or only component of the alarm pheromone causing the repellence of aphids and also functions as a kairomone for aphids’ natural enemies. Many plants possess EbF synthase genes and can release EbF to repel aphids. In order to effectively recruit the plant-derived EbF synthase genes for aphid control, by using chloroplast transit peptide (CTP) of the small subunit of Rubisco (rbcS) from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we targeted AabFS1, an EbF synthase gene from sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.), to the chloroplast of tobacco to generate CTP t AabFS1 transgenic lines. The CTP t AabFS1 transgenic tobacco plants could emit EbF at a level up to 19.25 ng/day per g fresh tissues, 4–12 fold higher than the AabFS1 transgenic lines without chloroplast targeting. Furthermore, aphid/parasitoid behavioral bio-assays demonstrated that the CTP t AabFS1 transgenic tobacco showed enhanced repellence to green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and attracted response of its parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae, thus affecting aphid infestation at two trophic levels. These data suggest that the chloroplast is an ideal subcellular compartment for metabolic engineering of plant-derived EbF synthase genes to generate a novel type of transgenic plant emitting an alarm pheromone for aphid control.
