In the financial sector,alternatives to traditional datasets,such as financial statements and Securities and Exchange Commission filings,can provide additional ways to describe the running status of businesses.Nontrad...In the financial sector,alternatives to traditional datasets,such as financial statements and Securities and Exchange Commission filings,can provide additional ways to describe the running status of businesses.Nontraditional data sources include individual behaviors,business processes,and various sensors.In recent years,alternative data have been leveraged by businesses and investors to adjust credit scores,mitigate financial fraud,and optimize investment portfolios because they can be used to conduct more in-depth,comprehensive,and timely evaluations of enterprises.Adopting alternative data in developing models for finance and business scenarios has become increasingly popular in academia.In this article,we first identify the advantages of alternative data compared with traditional data,such as having multiple sources,heterogeneity,flexibility,objectivity,and constant evolution.We then provide an overall investigation of emerging studies to outline the various types,emerging applications,and effects of alternative data in finance and business by reviewing over 100 papers published from 2015 to 2023.The investigation is implemented according to application scenarios,including business return prediction,business risk management,credit evaluation,investment risk prediction,and stock prediction.We discuss the roles of alternative data from the perspective of finance theory to argue that alternative data have the potential to serve as a bridge toward achieving high efficiency in financial markets.The challenges and future trends of alternative data in finance and business are also discussed.展开更多
As modern systems widely deploy protective measures for control data in memory,such as Control-Flow Integrity(CFI),attackers'ability to manipulate control data is greatly restricted.Consequently,attackers are turn...As modern systems widely deploy protective measures for control data in memory,such as Control-Flow Integrity(CFI),attackers'ability to manipulate control data is greatly restricted.Consequently,attackers are turning to opportunities to manipulate non-control data in memory(known as Data-Oriented Attacks,or DOAs),which have been proven to pose significant security threats to memory.However,existing techniques to mitigate DOAs often introduce significant overhead due to the indiscriminate protection of a large range of data objects.To address this challenge,this paper adopts a Cyberspace Mimic Defense(CMD)strategy,a generic framework for addressing endogenous security vulnerabilities,to prevent attackers from executing DOAs using known or unknown security flaws.Specifically,we introduce a formalized expression algorithm that assesses whether DOA attackers can construct inputs to exploit vulnerability points.Building on this,we devise a key-area CMD strategy that modifies the coded pathway from input to the vulnerability point,thereby effectively thwarting the activation of the vulnerability.Finally,our experiments on real-world applications and simulation demonstrate that the key-area CMD strategy can effectively prevent DOAs by selectively diversifying parts of the program code.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72371032)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3305401).
文摘In the financial sector,alternatives to traditional datasets,such as financial statements and Securities and Exchange Commission filings,can provide additional ways to describe the running status of businesses.Nontraditional data sources include individual behaviors,business processes,and various sensors.In recent years,alternative data have been leveraged by businesses and investors to adjust credit scores,mitigate financial fraud,and optimize investment portfolios because they can be used to conduct more in-depth,comprehensive,and timely evaluations of enterprises.Adopting alternative data in developing models for finance and business scenarios has become increasingly popular in academia.In this article,we first identify the advantages of alternative data compared with traditional data,such as having multiple sources,heterogeneity,flexibility,objectivity,and constant evolution.We then provide an overall investigation of emerging studies to outline the various types,emerging applications,and effects of alternative data in finance and business by reviewing over 100 papers published from 2015 to 2023.The investigation is implemented according to application scenarios,including business return prediction,business risk management,credit evaluation,investment risk prediction,and stock prediction.We discuss the roles of alternative data from the perspective of finance theory to argue that alternative data have the potential to serve as a bridge toward achieving high efficiency in financial markets.The challenges and future trends of alternative data in finance and business are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3102800)
文摘As modern systems widely deploy protective measures for control data in memory,such as Control-Flow Integrity(CFI),attackers'ability to manipulate control data is greatly restricted.Consequently,attackers are turning to opportunities to manipulate non-control data in memory(known as Data-Oriented Attacks,or DOAs),which have been proven to pose significant security threats to memory.However,existing techniques to mitigate DOAs often introduce significant overhead due to the indiscriminate protection of a large range of data objects.To address this challenge,this paper adopts a Cyberspace Mimic Defense(CMD)strategy,a generic framework for addressing endogenous security vulnerabilities,to prevent attackers from executing DOAs using known or unknown security flaws.Specifically,we introduce a formalized expression algorithm that assesses whether DOA attackers can construct inputs to exploit vulnerability points.Building on this,we devise a key-area CMD strategy that modifies the coded pathway from input to the vulnerability point,thereby effectively thwarting the activation of the vulnerability.Finally,our experiments on real-world applications and simulation demonstrate that the key-area CMD strategy can effectively prevent DOAs by selectively diversifying parts of the program code.
