There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences i...There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences in child drop-off and pick-up by employment type and gender, utilizing the “Metropolitan Area Person Trip Survey,” which is a statistical data set. The study targeted households in which both spouses were between 30 and 49 years old, had children under the age of 6, and included the following three groups. 1) Dual-income Group 1 (both spouses employed/on contract/temporary);2) Dual-income Group 2 (husband employed/on contract/temporary, wife part-time);3) Full-time housewife group (husband employed, wife unemployed). The analysis revealed that a) wives are almost always responsible for dropping off and picking up their children;b) husbands drop off and pick up their children less frequently in dual-income households;and c) households with children raising within 10 to 30 km of Tokyo Station have longer commuting times and need to reduce the burden of dropping off and picking up their children.展开更多
Introduction Tobacco and other substance co-use has not been examined in adolescent and young adult(AYA)cancer survivors.We compared the prevalence of past-month co-use of tobacco+cannabis,alcohol and illicit drugs be...Introduction Tobacco and other substance co-use has not been examined in adolescent and young adult(AYA)cancer survivors.We compared the prevalence of past-month co-use of tobacco+cannabis,alcohol and illicit drugs between AYAs with and without a cancer history and considered associations between co-use and nicotine dependence in AYA cancer survivors who use tobacco,exploring if past-year major depression moderates this relationship.Methods 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were used to analyse past-month co-use in 7793 AYAs(228 with cancer;7565 without cancer).Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models estimated associations between cancer history and co-use and co-use with nicotine dependence(among AYA cancer survivors)incorporating moderation by major depression.Results AYA cancer survivors had lower reported past-month cannabis co-use than those without cancer(29%vs 39%),but cancer history was not associated with cannabis co-use in multivariable models(adjusted OR(aOR):0.83,95%CI=0.54,1.28).When AYA cancer survivors who use tobacco had major depression,alcohol co-use was associated with lower rates of nicotine dependence(aOR=0.08,95%CI=0.01,0.53).Conclusions There are high rates of substance co-use among AYAs who use tobacco,consistent across cancer history.Unlike previous research,alcohol co-use was associated with lower rates of nicotine dependence,but only for those with major depression.This finding could be related to neurochemical dysregulation due to co-use and warrants further exploration.Future research should also examine more nuanced definitions of substance use including modes,patterns and initiation of use,and explore motivation to change tobacco behaviour in AYA cancer survivor populations.展开更多
A number of studies have investigated peripheral inflammatory indices, including plasma cytokines and related molecules according to subtypes of dementia, but not in mild cognitive impairment （MCI）. In this study, w...A number of studies have investigated peripheral inflammatory indices, including plasma cytokines and related molecules according to subtypes of dementia, but not in mild cognitive impairment （MCI）. In this study, we used multiplex cytokine assay to assess the plasma levels of 22 cytokines in patients with MCI subtyped as amnestic and non-amnestic, according to cognitive features. When comparing the levels of plasma growth factors, chemokines and cytokines, plasma levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 3 （MCP-3）, and beta-nerve growth factor （β-NGF） in these two groups, they were found to be significantly higher in amnestic MCI patients than in non-amnestic MCI patients, after adjusting for age and gender. This suggests that plasma MCP-3 and β-NGF may be useful in differentiating subtypes of MCI.展开更多
To study the effect of special brain area regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)abnormal perfusion on learning and memory function and its molecular mechanism,64 adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly div...To study the effect of special brain area regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)abnormal perfusion on learning and memory function and its molecular mechanism,64 adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups,the false operation group(control group)and the operation group(model group).After surgical operation,the operation group undertook bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation,while the other group did not.Learning and memory function were measured by Y-maze at 4 h,8 h,24 h and 3 d after surgical operation,respectively.The rCBF of the right frontal lobe and hippocampus was also detected by the PerifluxPF model laser Doppler flowmetry,and the expressions of c-fos or c-jun or Bcl-2 and Bax were also measured by immune histochemistry S-P method accordingly.Results showed that the rCBF of the right frontal lobe and hippocampus in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the false operation group(P,0.05).The learning indexes,error number(EN),day of reach standard and total reaction time(TRT)in the operation group,were significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P,0.05).However,the initiative evasion rate in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the false operation group.The study also found that the rCBF was relatively more,the indexes(EN,the day of reach standard and TRT)relatively fewer,but the initiative evasion rate and the memory keeping rate were relatively more.The positive expression and the average absorbency of Fos and Jun in the operation group were significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.05).Furthermore,Bax and Bcl-2 positive cells were all increased over time in the operation group,and the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the operation group was significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.01).In conclusion,rCBF decrease can impair the learning and memory function in rats,which may be related to the increase of the expression ratio of c-fos or c-jun or Bcl-2 or Bax in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.展开更多
Disaster forensic approaches aim to identify the causes of disasters to support disaster risk management.However,few studies have conducted a systematic literature review of scientific articles that labeled themselves...Disaster forensic approaches aim to identify the causes of disasters to support disaster risk management.However,few studies have conducted a systematic literature review of scientific articles that labeled themselves as a forensic approach to disasters.This article provides a qualitative analysis of these forensic studies,focusing on five main issues:(1)the methodologies applied;(2)the forensic approaches used in the disaster risk management phases;(3)the hazards addressed;(4)if the methodologies involve social participation,and using what types of participation;and(5)if there are references to urban planning in the scientific studies analyzed.Our results showed a predominance of the Forensic Investigations of Disasters(FORIN)and Post-Event Review Capability(PERC)methodologies used in isolation or combination.There is a need for methodologies that engage people in participatory FORIN,fostering the co-production of knowledge and action research approaches.展开更多
Objective:To study the effects of regional cerebral blood flow(r CBF)perfusion on learning and memory function in special brain areas and its molecular mechanism in rat.Methods:Sixty-four adult male healthy Sprague-Da...Objective:To study the effects of regional cerebral blood flow(r CBF)perfusion on learning and memory function in special brain areas and its molecular mechanism in rat.Methods:Sixty-four adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups:A false operation group and an operation group.The false operation group was randomly divided into four subgroups(A_0,B_0,C_0,and D_0)and the operation group was randomly divided into four subgroups(A,B,C,and D),with eight rats in each subgroup.The operation group underwent bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation,while the other group only underwent a skin incision without the bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation.Learning memory function of rats in each subgroup was measured using a Y-maze at 4 h,8 h,24 h,and 3 days after surgery.The r CBF in the right frontal lobe and hippocampus was detected using the Periflux PF model laser Doppler flowmetry and c-fos,c-jun,Bcl-2,and Bax protein expression in the right frontal lobe and hippocampus was measured using immunohistochemistry.Results:The r CBF in the right frontal lobule division and right hippocampus division was significantly lower in the operation group than in the false operation group(P<0.05).The error number(EN),time to reach the target,and total reaction time(TRT)for the learning index using the Y-type labyrinth test in the operation group were significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.05);however,the active avoid rate in the operation group was significantly lower than that of the false operation group.Expression of c-fos and c-jun as well as the average absorbency in the right frontal lobule division and right hippocampus division in the operation group were significantly higher than those in the false operation group(P<0.05).The number of Bax and Bcl-2-positive cells was significantly higher in the operation group,and the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the operation group was significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.01).Conclusions:r CBF decrease can impair learning and memory function in rats,which may be related to the increased expression of c-fos,c-jun,Bcl-2,and Bax proteins in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.展开更多
This article traces the career of risk across prominent theoretical approaches by highlighting their key assumptions and premises,specifically the technical approach found in the physical sciences,and economics,psycho...This article traces the career of risk across prominent theoretical approaches by highlighting their key assumptions and premises,specifically the technical approach found in the physical sciences,and economics,psychology,and sociology in the social sciences.In each discipline,the strengths and limitations of each theoretical approach are pointed out.The discussion focuses on sociology in particular because other approaches—in treating risks as dominantly technical,psychological,or economic phenomena—tend to downplay the broader historical and socio-political context that impinges on risk construction and production,and its differential impact across society.This exploration points out that institutions play an important role in creating,managing,and distributing risks in society.After highlighting the integrated risk governance framework as a nascent practice-oriented framework,the framework is examined theoretically using sociological neoinstitutionalism and Foucault’s concept of governmentality.The conclusion elaborates the challenges of using these two bodies of knowledge to study risk governance of extreme events.Although Foucault’s concept of governmentality corrects neoinstitutional theory’s ambivalence toward power,more work needs to be done in order to reconcile their divergent intellectual commitments.展开更多
The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction and the World Meteorological Organization launched in 2022 the executive plan of the world program "Early Warning Systems for All" to be implemented from...The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction and the World Meteorological Organization launched in 2022 the executive plan of the world program "Early Warning Systems for All" to be implemented from 2023 to 2027.This program champions an investment of USD 3.1 billion into the four pillars of warning systems and calls for multi-hazard and peoplecentered warning systems(PCWS).However,there is a scientific gap concerning interdisciplinary approaches to promoting them.Motivated by the call for action of "Early Warning Systems for All" and warning research gaps on the lack of interdisciplinarity,a workshop series "Interdisciplinary Approaches for Advancing People-Centered Warning Systems" was held in early 2023.This short article shares the preliminary findings and recommendations of this research,which involved a transnational virtual dialogue between one scientific organization in Brazil and one from the United States.The findings and recommendations discussed in three virtual sessions and one collective working paper were centered on three aspects:promoting interdisciplinary integration in research;the need to discuss the characteristics of a PCWS;and promoting problem-and solution-based programs with people to integrate them at all phases of the warning system.展开更多
Few studies have analyzed climate change perceptions in the disaster risk management sector.This research aimed to understand how civil defense experts are dealing with the climate change topic:what they learn and thi...Few studies have analyzed climate change perceptions in the disaster risk management sector.This research aimed to understand how civil defense experts are dealing with the climate change topic:what they learn and think about.An online survey was conducted between October and December 2021 with 1,063 participants from civil defense agencies in Brazil.The findings indicate:(1) most(80.6%) civil defense officers completely agreed that climate change will cause additional challenges to disaster risk management,while 10.1% stated that they are prepared to deal with it;(2) one quarter of the respondents(26.3%) completely agreed that they easily understand the information about climate change,but trust in the sources of information is a challenge-52.4% completely agreed and 40.5% partially agreed with information provided by scientists,but the levels of trust were reduced when referring to governments and press;and(3) about 30% of the respondents thought that civil defense work is associated with the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),despite SDGs 11 and 13 being related to disasters and climate change.The identification of civil defense’ perceptions on climate change is an important step in seeking pathways for increasing capacity building to achieve disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.展开更多
Correction to:Int J Disaster Risk Sci https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-022-00444-z The second author’s name was incorrectly captured in the published article.The original article has been corrected.Open Access This art...Correction to:Int J Disaster Risk Sci https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-022-00444-z The second author’s name was incorrectly captured in the published article.The original article has been corrected.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons licence,and indicate if changes were made.The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence,unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.展开更多
文摘There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences in child drop-off and pick-up by employment type and gender, utilizing the “Metropolitan Area Person Trip Survey,” which is a statistical data set. The study targeted households in which both spouses were between 30 and 49 years old, had children under the age of 6, and included the following three groups. 1) Dual-income Group 1 (both spouses employed/on contract/temporary);2) Dual-income Group 2 (husband employed/on contract/temporary, wife part-time);3) Full-time housewife group (husband employed, wife unemployed). The analysis revealed that a) wives are almost always responsible for dropping off and picking up their children;b) husbands drop off and pick up their children less frequently in dual-income households;and c) households with children raising within 10 to 30 km of Tokyo Station have longer commuting times and need to reduce the burden of dropping off and picking up their children.
文摘Introduction Tobacco and other substance co-use has not been examined in adolescent and young adult(AYA)cancer survivors.We compared the prevalence of past-month co-use of tobacco+cannabis,alcohol and illicit drugs between AYAs with and without a cancer history and considered associations between co-use and nicotine dependence in AYA cancer survivors who use tobacco,exploring if past-year major depression moderates this relationship.Methods 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were used to analyse past-month co-use in 7793 AYAs(228 with cancer;7565 without cancer).Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models estimated associations between cancer history and co-use and co-use with nicotine dependence(among AYA cancer survivors)incorporating moderation by major depression.Results AYA cancer survivors had lower reported past-month cannabis co-use than those without cancer(29%vs 39%),but cancer history was not associated with cannabis co-use in multivariable models(adjusted OR(aOR):0.83,95%CI=0.54,1.28).When AYA cancer survivors who use tobacco had major depression,alcohol co-use was associated with lower rates of nicotine dependence(aOR=0.08,95%CI=0.01,0.53).Conclusions There are high rates of substance co-use among AYAs who use tobacco,consistent across cancer history.Unlike previous research,alcohol co-use was associated with lower rates of nicotine dependence,but only for those with major depression.This finding could be related to neurochemical dysregulation due to co-use and warrants further exploration.Future research should also examine more nuanced definitions of substance use including modes,patterns and initiation of use,and explore motivation to change tobacco behaviour in AYA cancer survivor populations.
基金supported by a grant from the Korea Health 21 R&D Project of the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (A050079).
文摘A number of studies have investigated peripheral inflammatory indices, including plasma cytokines and related molecules according to subtypes of dementia, but not in mild cognitive impairment （MCI）. In this study, we used multiplex cytokine assay to assess the plasma levels of 22 cytokines in patients with MCI subtyped as amnestic and non-amnestic, according to cognitive features. When comparing the levels of plasma growth factors, chemokines and cytokines, plasma levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 3 （MCP-3）, and beta-nerve growth factor （β-NGF） in these two groups, they were found to be significantly higher in amnestic MCI patients than in non-amnestic MCI patients, after adjusting for age and gender. This suggests that plasma MCP-3 and β-NGF may be useful in differentiating subtypes of MCI.
基金supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology Bureau (No.2004JH006)Scientific Research of Shandong Province,China (No.JOTYE12)。
文摘To study the effect of special brain area regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)abnormal perfusion on learning and memory function and its molecular mechanism,64 adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups,the false operation group(control group)and the operation group(model group).After surgical operation,the operation group undertook bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation,while the other group did not.Learning and memory function were measured by Y-maze at 4 h,8 h,24 h and 3 d after surgical operation,respectively.The rCBF of the right frontal lobe and hippocampus was also detected by the PerifluxPF model laser Doppler flowmetry,and the expressions of c-fos or c-jun or Bcl-2 and Bax were also measured by immune histochemistry S-P method accordingly.Results showed that the rCBF of the right frontal lobe and hippocampus in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the false operation group(P,0.05).The learning indexes,error number(EN),day of reach standard and total reaction time(TRT)in the operation group,were significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P,0.05).However,the initiative evasion rate in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the false operation group.The study also found that the rCBF was relatively more,the indexes(EN,the day of reach standard and TRT)relatively fewer,but the initiative evasion rate and the memory keeping rate were relatively more.The positive expression and the average absorbency of Fos and Jun in the operation group were significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.05).Furthermore,Bax and Bcl-2 positive cells were all increased over time in the operation group,and the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the operation group was significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.01).In conclusion,rCBF decrease can impair the learning and memory function in rats,which may be related to the increase of the expression ratio of c-fos or c-jun or Bcl-2 or Bax in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.
基金the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel-CAPES(Grant No.88887.634411/2021-00)the Sao Paulo Research Foundation-Fapesp(Grant No.2018/060934)for his scholarship to serve as a visiting postdoctoral researcher at the Natural Hazards Center(NHC)at the University of Colorado Boulder,between June 2022 and June 2023。
文摘Disaster forensic approaches aim to identify the causes of disasters to support disaster risk management.However,few studies have conducted a systematic literature review of scientific articles that labeled themselves as a forensic approach to disasters.This article provides a qualitative analysis of these forensic studies,focusing on five main issues:(1)the methodologies applied;(2)the forensic approaches used in the disaster risk management phases;(3)the hazards addressed;(4)if the methodologies involve social participation,and using what types of participation;and(5)if there are references to urban planning in the scientific studies analyzed.Our results showed a predominance of the Forensic Investigations of Disasters(FORIN)and Post-Event Review Capability(PERC)methodologies used in isolation or combination.There is a need for methodologies that engage people in participatory FORIN,fostering the co-production of knowledge and action research approaches.
基金Supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology Bureau(No.2004JH006)
文摘Objective:To study the effects of regional cerebral blood flow(r CBF)perfusion on learning and memory function in special brain areas and its molecular mechanism in rat.Methods:Sixty-four adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups:A false operation group and an operation group.The false operation group was randomly divided into four subgroups(A_0,B_0,C_0,and D_0)and the operation group was randomly divided into four subgroups(A,B,C,and D),with eight rats in each subgroup.The operation group underwent bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation,while the other group only underwent a skin incision without the bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation.Learning memory function of rats in each subgroup was measured using a Y-maze at 4 h,8 h,24 h,and 3 days after surgery.The r CBF in the right frontal lobe and hippocampus was detected using the Periflux PF model laser Doppler flowmetry and c-fos,c-jun,Bcl-2,and Bax protein expression in the right frontal lobe and hippocampus was measured using immunohistochemistry.Results:The r CBF in the right frontal lobule division and right hippocampus division was significantly lower in the operation group than in the false operation group(P<0.05).The error number(EN),time to reach the target,and total reaction time(TRT)for the learning index using the Y-type labyrinth test in the operation group were significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.05);however,the active avoid rate in the operation group was significantly lower than that of the false operation group.Expression of c-fos and c-jun as well as the average absorbency in the right frontal lobule division and right hippocampus division in the operation group were significantly higher than those in the false operation group(P<0.05).The number of Bax and Bcl-2-positive cells was significantly higher in the operation group,and the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the operation group was significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.01).Conclusions:r CBF decrease can impair learning and memory function in rats,which may be related to the increased expression of c-fos,c-jun,Bcl-2,and Bax proteins in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.
文摘This article traces the career of risk across prominent theoretical approaches by highlighting their key assumptions and premises,specifically the technical approach found in the physical sciences,and economics,psychology,and sociology in the social sciences.In each discipline,the strengths and limitations of each theoretical approach are pointed out.The discussion focuses on sociology in particular because other approaches—in treating risks as dominantly technical,psychological,or economic phenomena—tend to downplay the broader historical and socio-political context that impinges on risk construction and production,and its differential impact across society.This exploration points out that institutions play an important role in creating,managing,and distributing risks in society.After highlighting the integrated risk governance framework as a nascent practice-oriented framework,the framework is examined theoretically using sociological neoinstitutionalism and Foucault’s concept of governmentality.The conclusion elaborates the challenges of using these two bodies of knowledge to study risk governance of extreme events.Although Foucault’s concept of governmentality corrects neoinstitutional theory’s ambivalence toward power,more work needs to be done in order to reconcile their divergent intellectual commitments.
基金the Sao Paulo Research Foundation-Fapesp (Grant No.2018/06093-4) for his scholarship to serve as a visiting postdoctoral researcher at the Natural Hazards Center (NHC) at University of Colorado Boulder,between June 2022 and June 2023
文摘The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction and the World Meteorological Organization launched in 2022 the executive plan of the world program "Early Warning Systems for All" to be implemented from 2023 to 2027.This program champions an investment of USD 3.1 billion into the four pillars of warning systems and calls for multi-hazard and peoplecentered warning systems(PCWS).However,there is a scientific gap concerning interdisciplinary approaches to promoting them.Motivated by the call for action of "Early Warning Systems for All" and warning research gaps on the lack of interdisciplinarity,a workshop series "Interdisciplinary Approaches for Advancing People-Centered Warning Systems" was held in early 2023.This short article shares the preliminary findings and recommendations of this research,which involved a transnational virtual dialogue between one scientific organization in Brazil and one from the United States.The findings and recommendations discussed in three virtual sessions and one collective working paper were centered on three aspects:promoting interdisciplinary integration in research;the need to discuss the characteristics of a PCWS;and promoting problem-and solution-based programs with people to integrate them at all phases of the warning system.
基金The authors acknowledge the state and municipal civil defense personnel in Brazil.Victor Marchezini acknowledges the São Paulo Research Foundation-Fapesp(Grant Number 2018/06093-4)JoséA.Marengo thanks the support of the National Institute of Science and Technology for Climate Change Phase 2 under CNPq Grant 465501/2014-1+1 种基金FAPESP Grants 2014/50848-9the National Coordination for Higher Education and Training(CAPES)Grant 88887.136402-00INCT.
文摘Few studies have analyzed climate change perceptions in the disaster risk management sector.This research aimed to understand how civil defense experts are dealing with the climate change topic:what they learn and think about.An online survey was conducted between October and December 2021 with 1,063 participants from civil defense agencies in Brazil.The findings indicate:(1) most(80.6%) civil defense officers completely agreed that climate change will cause additional challenges to disaster risk management,while 10.1% stated that they are prepared to deal with it;(2) one quarter of the respondents(26.3%) completely agreed that they easily understand the information about climate change,but trust in the sources of information is a challenge-52.4% completely agreed and 40.5% partially agreed with information provided by scientists,but the levels of trust were reduced when referring to governments and press;and(3) about 30% of the respondents thought that civil defense work is associated with the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),despite SDGs 11 and 13 being related to disasters and climate change.The identification of civil defense’ perceptions on climate change is an important step in seeking pathways for increasing capacity building to achieve disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.
文摘Correction to:Int J Disaster Risk Sci https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-022-00444-z The second author’s name was incorrectly captured in the published article.The original article has been corrected.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons licence,and indicate if changes were made.The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence,unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.
