Traditional constitutional theory holds that Article 33,Paragraph 4 of the Chinese Constitution establishes the principle of the consistency of rights and obligations.However,with the evolution of constitutional theor...Traditional constitutional theory holds that Article 33,Paragraph 4 of the Chinese Constitution establishes the principle of the consistency of rights and obligations.However,with the evolution of constitutional theory and practice,its interpretation has shifted.It is increasingly viewed as a concretization of the principle of equality,although this perspective has not been thoroughly substantiated in academic circles.Upon closer analysis,interpreting this provision as the“consistency of rights and obligations”reveals several issues,including counterevidence from the constitutional drafting history,a lack of internal coherence,and a misalignment with the functions of the Constitution.By revisiting the specific context of this provision,it can be understood as an anti-privilege clause,serving as a special annotation of the equality principle.This approach enables a harmonious interpretation of this provision alongside other constitutional provisions.展开更多
The plants are the primary producers and an indispensible source of food and nutrition, medicine and fuel/biofuel. Unsustainable overharvesting and indiscriminate felling of plants due to ever increasing needs of popu...The plants are the primary producers and an indispensible source of food and nutrition, medicine and fuel/biofuel. Unsustainable overharvesting and indiscriminate felling of plants due to ever increasing needs of population pressure are causes of great concern. The IUCN includes, the species facing a high risk of extinction in the wild as threatened, and “endangered” is one of the sub-categories under “threatened” category. Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari is an arid region plant, highly valued for its medicinally important guggul gum-resin as a source of guggulsterone. It is listed in IUCN’s Red Data List of threatened plants and now it is becoming endangered. Its population is fast depleting in its natural habitat, primarily due to over-exploitation, unsustainable and destructive methods of gum-extraction coupled with natural dry-arid habitat, slow growth and poor regeneration of the plant. Several other reasons have also been indicated for its declining population. Therefore, it demands severe measures for its conservation before we completely lose this important medicinal plant. A lot of research and study is underway but has vast scope for improvement, requiring efforts to supplement with such information that would aid transgenic development and breeding programmes for production and cultivation of improved varieties. The article presents the importance of this plant and its conservation in a nut-shell.展开更多
In recent years, Jatropha curcas L. has gained popularity as a potential biodiesel plant. The varying oil content, reported between accessions belonging to different agroclimatic zones, has necessitated the assessment...In recent years, Jatropha curcas L. has gained popularity as a potential biodiesel plant. The varying oil content, reported between accessions belonging to different agroclimatic zones, has necessitated the assessment of the existing genetic variability to generate reliable molecular markers for selection of high oil yielding variety. EST derived SSR markers are more useful than genomic markers as they represent the transcriptome, thus, directly linked to functional genes. The present report describes the in silico mining of the microsatellites (SSRs) using J. curcas ESTs from various tissues viz. embryo, root, leaf and seed available in the public domain of NCBI. A total of 13,513 ESTs were downloaded. From these ESTs, 7552 unigenes were obtained and 395 SSRs were generated from 377 SSR-ESTs. These EST-SSRs can be used as potential microsatellite markers for diversity analysis, MAS etc. Since the Jatropha genes carrying SSRs have been identified in this study, thus, EST-SSRs directly linked to genes will be useful for developing trait linked markers.展开更多
In the era of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,imported COVID-19 cases pose great challenges to many countries.Chest CT examination is considered to be complementary to nucleic acid test for COVID-19 detecti...In the era of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,imported COVID-19 cases pose great challenges to many countries.Chest CT examination is considered to be complementary to nucleic acid test for COVID-19 detection and diagnosis.Wie report the first community infected COVID-19 patient by an imported case in Beijing,which manifested as nodular lesions on chest CT imaging at the early stage.Deep Learning(DL)-based diagnostic systems quantitatively monitored the progress of pulmonary lesions in 6 days and timely made alert for suspected pneumonia,so that prompt medical isolation was taken.The patient was confirmed as COVID-19 case after nucleic acid test,for which the community transmission was prevented timely.The roles of DL-assisted diagnosis in helping radiologists screening suspected COVID cases were discussed.展开更多
A good deal of studies have proven that effective exciton dissociation and fast hole transport can operate efficiently in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics(OPVs)despite nearly zero driving force.Even so,whether such...A good deal of studies have proven that effective exciton dissociation and fast hole transport can operate efficiently in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics(OPVs)despite nearly zero driving force.Even so,whether such a phenomenon is universal and how small the driving force can realize the best photovoltaic performance still require a thorough understanding.Herein,despite the zero driving force based on PM6:F8IC system,a maximum short-circuit current(J_(sc))of 23.0 mA/cm^(2) and high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.2%can still be achieved.Due to the continuously adjustable energy levels can be realized in organic semiconducting alloys including F8IC:IT-4F and F8IC:Y6,the suitable third components can play the role of energy level regulator.Therefore,the HOMO energy level offset(DEHOMO(D A))from zero to 0.07 and 0.06 eV is accomplished in the optimized IT-4F and Y6 ternary devices.Consequently,both ternary devices achieved substantially increased PCE of 13.8%and Jsc of 24.4 and 25.2 mA/cm^(2),respectively.Besides,pseudo-planar heterojunction(PPHJ)devices based on alloyed acceptors through sequential spin-coating method further improve the photovoltaic performance.Our work puts forward the concept of energy level regulator and prove that the ternary alloy strategy has unique advantages and huge research potential in continuously adjusting the driving force.展开更多
In a steady-state plasma,the loss rate of plasma particles to the chamber wall and surfaces in contact with plasma is balanced by the ionization rate of background neutrals in the hot-filament discharges.The balance b...In a steady-state plasma,the loss rate of plasma particles to the chamber wall and surfaces in contact with plasma is balanced by the ionization rate of background neutrals in the hot-filament discharges.The balance between the loss rate and ionization rate of plasma particles(electrons and ions)maintains quasi-neutrality of the bulk plasma.In the presence of an external perturbation,it tries to retain its quasi-neutrality condition.In this work,we studied how the properties of bulk plasma are affected by an external DC potential perturbation.An auxiliary biased metal disk electrode was used to introduce a potential perturbation to the plasma medium.A single Langmuir probe and an emissive probe,placed in the line of the discharge axis,were used for the characterization of the bulk plasma.It is observed that only positive bias to the auxiliary metal disk increases the plasma potential,electron temperature,and plasma density but these plasma parameters remain unaltered when the disk is biased with a negative potential with respect to plasma potential.The observed plasma parameters for two different-sized,positively as well as negatively biased,metal disks are compared and found inconsistent with the existing theoretical model at large positive bias voltages.The role of the primary energetic electrons population in determining the plasma parameters is discussed.The experimentally observed results are qualitatively explained on the basis of electrostatic confinement arising due to the loss of electrons to a biased metal disk electrode.展开更多
Objective:To assess the role of oxidative stress on anaemia in pregnancy.Methods:Blood samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women who came for antenatal clinic and medical check at Comprehensive Healt...Objective:To assess the role of oxidative stress on anaemia in pregnancy.Methods:Blood samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women who came for antenatal clinic and medical check at Comprehensive Health Center,Akungba-Akoko and Iwaro General Hospital in Akoko Area of Ondo State,Nigeria.Thick and thin blood films were prepared and used for malaria parasite counts.Haemoglobin level was determined by colorimetric method using Drabkin’s solution.Oxidative status was determined using malondiadelhyde level as an indicator of lipid peroxidation,while ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione levels were measured by standard spectrophotometric methods.Results:Mean parasite density was significantly higher in pregnant women than non-pregnant women(P【0.05).Haemoglobin level was significantly reduced in malaria positive pregnant and non-pregnant women than malaria negative(8.3-10.0 g/dL)(P【0.05).The oxidative status indicated that malondialdehyde(MDA) was significantly increased in pregnant[(2.5±0.7) nmol/mL]than non-pregnant women[(1.8±0.1) nmol/mL] (P【0.05),while Vit C and superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels were significantly reduced in pregnant than non-pregnant women(P【0.05).There was an inverse correlation between Hb and MDA levels in pregnant women studied.Positive correlation was observed between the mean MDA level and parasite density(r = 0.53).The Hb level decreased as the parasite density and MDA level increased in pregnant women.Conclusions:This study shows that oxidative stress, caused by malaria infection could be part of the contributing factors responsible for anaemia in pregnancy.展开更多
Garnet-type Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO) is a promising solid-state electrolyte for Li-ion batteries,but Li-dendrite's formation greatly limits the applications.In this paper,we systematically investigate the st...Garnet-type Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO) is a promising solid-state electrolyte for Li-ion batteries,but Li-dendrite's formation greatly limits the applications.In this paper,we systematically investigate the stability,electronic properties,and Li-ion mobility of the LLZO surface by the ifrst-principles calculations.We consider the(110) and(001) slab structures with different terminations in the t-and c-LLZO.Our results indicate that both(110) and(001) surfaces prefer to form Li-rich termination due to their low surface energies for either t-or c-LLZO.Moreover,with the decrease of Li contents the stability of Li-rich surfaces is improved initially and degrades later.Unfortunately,the localized surface states at the Fermi level can induce the formation of metallic Li on the Li-rich surfaces.In comparison,Li/La-termination has a relatively low metallic Li formation tendency due to its rather low diffusion barrier.In fact,Li-ion can spontaneously migrate along path II(Li3→Li2) on the Li/La-T(001) surface.In contrast,it is more difficult for Li-ion diffusion on the Li-T(001) surface,which has a minimum diffusion barrier of 0.50 eV.Interestingly,the minimum diffusion barrier decreases to 0.34 eV when removing four Li-ions from the Li-T(001) surface.Thus,our study suggests that by varying Li contents,the stability and Li-ion diffusion barrier of LLZO surfaces can be altered favorably.These advantages can inhibit the formation of metallic Li on the LLZO surfaces.展开更多
The study was conducted to assess the effect of evaporation ponds of an ethanol distillery spent wash on groundwater, with a reference to heavy metal contamination. The distillery discharging 11,880 m3 spent wash per ...The study was conducted to assess the effect of evaporation ponds of an ethanol distillery spent wash on groundwater, with a reference to heavy metal contamination. The distillery discharging 11,880 m3 spent wash per day is extremely loaded with minerals and chemical oxygen demanding organic substances. The groundwater around the evaporation ponds is used for drinking and irrigation purposes. Thirty-five representative samples （three spent wash, two drainage water and 30 groundwater） were examined for 13 different parameters： pH, TDS （total dissolved solids）, COD （chemical oxygen demand）, the heavy metal Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb and As concentrations. The physico-chemical parameters were found in following range pH 7.2-7.7 ＆ 6.8-7.7, TDS 24,448-28,608 mg/L ＆ 302-4,406 mg/L, COD 20,080-24,320 mg/L ＆ 0.0-53 mg/L, Cd 190-140 μg/L ＆ 1.5-8.7 μg/L, Co 1,240-1,987 μg/L ＆ 20.5-87.2 μg/L, Cr 1,020-1,330 μg/L ＆ 14.4-38.1 μg/L, Cu 5,200-6,300 μg/L ＆ 15.0-109.3 μg/L, Fe 2,910-3,242 μg/L ＆ 0-860 μg/L, Mn 49,900-59,500 μg/L ＆ 16.3-138.7 μg/L, Ni 1,430-1,760 μg/L ＆ 8.0-107.7 μg/L, Zn 3,359-5,250 μg/L ＆ 0.0-850 μg/L, Pb 8.9-9.8 μg/L ＆ BD （below detection）-8.7 μg/L, As 5.0 μg/L ＆ BD-10.0 μg/L for spent wash and groundwater samples, respectively. The drainage water samples had parameters within limits for industrial effluents. The spent wash samples contained metal ions higher than the permissible limits for industrial effluents and the samples of groundwater collected around the evaporation ponds contained higher concentrations of metal ions as compared to samples collected away from the evaporation ponds. Coefficient of correμtion among 11 parameters was calcuμted and contamination index was also determined, 33.3% of groundwater samples mostly collected around evaporation ponds had a contamination index above 3 and are considered extremely polluted.展开更多
The current study was carried out to examine the heavy metals （Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and As） concentration in GW （groundwater） samples in the vicinity of distillery spent wash evaporation ponds and RGW （...The current study was carried out to examine the heavy metals （Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and As） concentration in GW （groundwater） samples in the vicinity of distillery spent wash evaporation ponds and RGW （reference groundwater） samples collected 2 km to 3 km away from the source. The study examines the potential health risk caused by consumption of heavy metals to local inhabitants living around distillery spent wash evaporation ponds. HM （heavy metals） concentration was determined by AAS （atomic absorption） and the results were compared with permissible limits of PEPA （pakistan environmental Protection Agency） and WHO （World Health Organization）, set for industria effluents and drinking water. The health risk assessment such as CDI （chronic daily intake） and HQ （hazard quotient） were determined on the sources ofHM concentration. The cm of heavy metals in GW were found in following decreasing order Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and As. The HQ indexes of HM in the GW samples near the distillery spent wash evaporation ponds was in the order As, C, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cr. The results showed that the distillery spent wash is the cause for the change in HM contents of the study area.展开更多
The Vilsmeier reagent is well-known electrophilic reagent for synthetically useful organic transformations. Its ionic liquid version has been prepared from DMF-like ionic liquid. Apart from its other reported applicat...The Vilsmeier reagent is well-known electrophilic reagent for synthetically useful organic transformations. Its ionic liquid version has been prepared from DMF-like ionic liquid. Apart from its other reported applications, presently it has been used as an efficient organo reagent for efficient esterification. Variety of esters has been prepared from versatile carboxylic acids and alcohols under ionic liquid conditions with excellent yields. The present system offers an economically and environmentally better alternative to routine procedures.展开更多
Flexibility is the most prominent advantage of organic solar cells(OSCs) compared with traditional photovoltaic devices, showing an irreplaceable commercial potential. Currently, the maximum power conversion efficienc...Flexibility is the most prominent advantage of organic solar cells(OSCs) compared with traditional photovoltaic devices, showing an irreplaceable commercial potential. Currently, the maximum power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of single-junction OSCs have been over 19% and 16% upon rigid and flexible substrates, respectively, which meet the criteria for commercial application. Extensive research efforts are under way, such as device configuration design, interface/photosensitive layer synthesis, transparent electrode modification and printing technology innovation, however, the reasonable selection of printing technologies, the huge performance loss of large-area printing process and the structural design of flexible modules are still the bottlenecks, limiting the commercialization of OSCs. This review focuses on the technical challenges and rational modular configuration design for printing preparation of flexible high-efficiency large-area organic devices, from the aspects of the functional layer material selection, printing process research status and large-scale efficiency losses. These will promote the integrated applications of printable organic semiconductor materials for next-generation clean energy and appeal extensive attentions in wearable electronics, building-integrated photovoltaics and Internet of Things, etc.展开更多
The flexibility of organic photovoltaics(OPVs)has attracted worldwide attention in recent years.To realize the bending-stability of OPVs,it is necessary to put forward the bending-stability of interfacial layer.A nove...The flexibility of organic photovoltaics(OPVs)has attracted worldwide attention in recent years.To realize the bending-stability of OPVs,it is necessary to put forward the bending-stability of interfacial layer.A novel bendable composite is explored and successfully applied as an electron transport layer(ETL)for fully-flexible OPVs.We incorporated poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP)into conjugated electrolytes(CPE)to composite a bendable ETL for high-performance OPVs devices.Fortunately,the devices based on PVP-modified CPE exhibited better device performances and more excellent mechanical properties of bendability.The fullerene-free OPVs based on PM6:IT-4 F with CPE@PVP as ETLs yield the best power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 13.42%.Moreover,a satisfying efficiency of 12.59%has been obtained for the fully-flexible OPVs.As far as we know,this is one of the highest PCE for fully-flexible OPV based PM6:IT-4 F system.More importantly,the flexible OPVs devices can retain more than 80%of its initial efficiency after 5000 bending cycles.Furthermore,among various curvature radii,the mechanical properties of the device based on CPE@PVP are superior to those of the device based on bare CPE as ETL.These findings indicate that the functional flexibility of CPE as a cathode interfacial layer is an effective strategy to fabricate high-performance flexible devices in the near future.展开更多
Neuroinflammation following immune activation in the central nervous system（CNS）leads to neuronal loss in specific areas of the CNS resulting in neurodegenerative disorders.Thus,fine tuning the immune responses with...Neuroinflammation following immune activation in the central nervous system（CNS）leads to neuronal loss in specific areas of the CNS resulting in neurodegenerative disorders.Thus,fine tuning the immune responses within the brain is essential,because most of the brain diseases are associated with chronic inflammation,展开更多
Although transition metal phospho-sulfides deliver outstanding electrochemical performance,complex preparation methods hindered their further development.Herein,we report a facile one-step electrodeposition approach t...Although transition metal phospho-sulfides deliver outstanding electrochemical performance,complex preparation methods hindered their further development.Herein,we report a facile one-step electrodeposition approach to deposit interconnected nanowalls-like nickel cobalt phospho-sulfide(Ni-Co-P-S)nanosheets onto the surface of carbon cloth.The thin Ni-Co-P-S nanosheets with multi-components and synergetic effects delivered rich active sites,further enhancing reversible capacitance.Therefore,the as-prepared Ni-Co-P-S electrode materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in a three-electrode system,showcasing a high specific capacitance of 2744 F/g at 4 A/g.The full supercapacitors based on Ni-Co-P-S as positive electrode and active carbon as negative electrode showcase a high specific capacitance of 110.9 F/g at 1 A/g,impressive energy density of 39.4 Wh/kg at a power density of 797.5 W/kg in terms of excellent cycling stability(91.87%retention after 10,000 cycles).This simple electrode position strategy for synthesizing Ni-Co-P-S can be extended to prepare electrode materials for various sustainable electrochemical energy storage/conversion technologies.展开更多
Polymer based nanocomposites consisting of elastic three-dimensional(3 D)carbon foam(CF),paraffin wax and graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)have been created and evaluated for thermal energy storage.The ultralight,highly po...Polymer based nanocomposites consisting of elastic three-dimensional(3 D)carbon foam(CF),paraffin wax and graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)have been created and evaluated for thermal energy storage.The ultralight,highly porous(~98.6%porosity),and flexible CFs with densities of2.84-5.26 mg/cm^3 have been used as the backbone skeleton to accommodate phase change wax and nanoscale thermal conductive enhancer,GNP.Low level of defects and the ordered sp2 configuration allow the resulting CFs to exhibit excellent cyclic compressive behavior at strains up to 95%,while retaining part of their elastic properties even after 100 cycles of testing.By dispersing the highly conductive GNP nanofillers in paraffin wax and infiltrating them into the flexible CFs,the resultant nanocomposites were observed to possess enhanced overall thermal conductivity up to 0.76 W/(m K),representing an impressive improvement of226%,which is highly desirable for thermal engineering.展开更多
We collated and synthesized previous studies that reported the impacts of microplastics on soil parameters.The data were classified and integrated to screen for the proportion of significant effects,then we suggest se...We collated and synthesized previous studies that reported the impacts of microplastics on soil parameters.The data were classified and integrated to screen for the proportion of significant effects,then we suggest several directions to alleviate the current data limitation in future experiments.We compiled 106 datasets capturing significant effects,which were analyzed in detail.We found that polyethylene and pellets(or powders)were the most frequently used microplastic composition and shape for soil experiments.The significant effects mainly occurred in broad size ranges(0.1–1 mm)at test concentrations of 0.1%–10%based on soil dry weight.Polyvinyl chloride and film induced significant effects at lower concentrations compared to other compositions and shapes,respectively.We adopted a species sensitivity distribution(SSD)and soil property effect distribution(SPED)method using available data from soil biota,and for soil properties and enzymes deemed relevant for microplastic management.The predicted-no-effect-concentration(PNEC)-like values needed to protect 95%of soil biota and soil properties was estimated to be between 520 and 655 mg kg^(-1).This study was the first to screen microplastic levels with a view toward protecting the soil system.Our results should be regularly updated(e.g.,quarterly)with additional data as they become available.展开更多
All-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)have made significant progress recently,but few studies have been conducted to investigate the lab-to-manufacturing translation from the spin-coating method to the printing process.Her...All-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)have made significant progress recently,but few studies have been conducted to investigate the lab-to-manufacturing translation from the spin-coating method to the printing process.Here,the random copolymerization method and non-conjugated backbone approach are integrated to manipulate the morphology and photoelectric properties of the active layer for large-area printed all-PSCs.A series of non-conjugated terpolymer acceptors PYSe-TC_(6)T(x)(x=5,10,and 20,refers to the molar ratio of TC_(6)T unit)are developed by covalently introducing non-conjugated unit TC_(6)T into the PYSe host bipolymer by random copolymerization.The spin-coated PYSe-TC_(6)T(10)-based all-PSC demonstrates the best power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 13.54%,superior to the PYSe-based one(12.45%).More intriguingly,morphological studies reveal that a combination of the random polymerization and non-conjugated backbone strategy can effectively prevent the active layer from overaggregation and improve the film quality during the printing process,thereby minimizing the efficiency and technology gap between spin-coated small-area devices and blade-coated large-area devices.By directly using the same preparation condition of spin-coating,the blade-coated small-area(0.04 cm^(2))delivers a PCE of 12.83%and the large-area(1.21 cm^(2))device achieves a PCE of 11.96%with a small PCE loss.Both PCE value and PCE loss are one of the most outstanding performances of the bladecoated all-PSCs.These findings reveal that a combination of the non-conjugated flexible backbone with random copolymerization to develop non-conjugated terpolymers is an attractive design concept to smoothly realize the lab-to-manufacturing translation.展开更多
Interstitial lung diseases(ILD)encompass over 200 lung disorders marked by inflammation and/or fibrosis,posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges[1].The American Thoracic Society recommends a multidiscipl...Interstitial lung diseases(ILD)encompass over 200 lung disorders marked by inflammation and/or fibrosis,posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges[1].The American Thoracic Society recommends a multidisciplinary approach for accurate ILD diagnosis[2].In the real world,this multidisciplinary approach is time-consuming and resource-intensive.Clinicians hope to speed up the diagnostic process with the help of artificial intelligence(AI).展开更多
基金This paper is an phased result of the“Research on Constitutional Review Methods of fundamental rights Restrictions”(Project Number 21BFX040),a general project of 2021 supported by National Social Science Fund of China.
文摘Traditional constitutional theory holds that Article 33,Paragraph 4 of the Chinese Constitution establishes the principle of the consistency of rights and obligations.However,with the evolution of constitutional theory and practice,its interpretation has shifted.It is increasingly viewed as a concretization of the principle of equality,although this perspective has not been thoroughly substantiated in academic circles.Upon closer analysis,interpreting this provision as the“consistency of rights and obligations”reveals several issues,including counterevidence from the constitutional drafting history,a lack of internal coherence,and a misalignment with the functions of the Constitution.By revisiting the specific context of this provision,it can be understood as an anti-privilege clause,serving as a special annotation of the equality principle.This approach enables a harmonious interpretation of this provision alongside other constitutional provisions.
文摘The plants are the primary producers and an indispensible source of food and nutrition, medicine and fuel/biofuel. Unsustainable overharvesting and indiscriminate felling of plants due to ever increasing needs of population pressure are causes of great concern. The IUCN includes, the species facing a high risk of extinction in the wild as threatened, and “endangered” is one of the sub-categories under “threatened” category. Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari is an arid region plant, highly valued for its medicinally important guggul gum-resin as a source of guggulsterone. It is listed in IUCN’s Red Data List of threatened plants and now it is becoming endangered. Its population is fast depleting in its natural habitat, primarily due to over-exploitation, unsustainable and destructive methods of gum-extraction coupled with natural dry-arid habitat, slow growth and poor regeneration of the plant. Several other reasons have also been indicated for its declining population. Therefore, it demands severe measures for its conservation before we completely lose this important medicinal plant. A lot of research and study is underway but has vast scope for improvement, requiring efforts to supplement with such information that would aid transgenic development and breeding programmes for production and cultivation of improved varieties. The article presents the importance of this plant and its conservation in a nut-shell.
文摘In recent years, Jatropha curcas L. has gained popularity as a potential biodiesel plant. The varying oil content, reported between accessions belonging to different agroclimatic zones, has necessitated the assessment of the existing genetic variability to generate reliable molecular markers for selection of high oil yielding variety. EST derived SSR markers are more useful than genomic markers as they represent the transcriptome, thus, directly linked to functional genes. The present report describes the in silico mining of the microsatellites (SSRs) using J. curcas ESTs from various tissues viz. embryo, root, leaf and seed available in the public domain of NCBI. A total of 13,513 ESTs were downloaded. From these ESTs, 7552 unigenes were obtained and 395 SSRs were generated from 377 SSR-ESTs. These EST-SSRs can be used as potential microsatellite markers for diversity analysis, MAS etc. Since the Jatropha genes carrying SSRs have been identified in this study, thus, EST-SSRs directly linked to genes will be useful for developing trait linked markers.
文摘In the era of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,imported COVID-19 cases pose great challenges to many countries.Chest CT examination is considered to be complementary to nucleic acid test for COVID-19 detection and diagnosis.Wie report the first community infected COVID-19 patient by an imported case in Beijing,which manifested as nodular lesions on chest CT imaging at the early stage.Deep Learning(DL)-based diagnostic systems quantitatively monitored the progress of pulmonary lesions in 6 days and timely made alert for suspected pneumonia,so that prompt medical isolation was taken.The patient was confirmed as COVID-19 case after nucleic acid test,for which the community transmission was prevented timely.The roles of DL-assisted diagnosis in helping radiologists screening suspected COVID cases were discussed.
基金support the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(51973032,and 21905043)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(51833004)financial support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0207700)。
文摘A good deal of studies have proven that effective exciton dissociation and fast hole transport can operate efficiently in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics(OPVs)despite nearly zero driving force.Even so,whether such a phenomenon is universal and how small the driving force can realize the best photovoltaic performance still require a thorough understanding.Herein,despite the zero driving force based on PM6:F8IC system,a maximum short-circuit current(J_(sc))of 23.0 mA/cm^(2) and high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.2%can still be achieved.Due to the continuously adjustable energy levels can be realized in organic semiconducting alloys including F8IC:IT-4F and F8IC:Y6,the suitable third components can play the role of energy level regulator.Therefore,the HOMO energy level offset(DEHOMO(D A))from zero to 0.07 and 0.06 eV is accomplished in the optimized IT-4F and Y6 ternary devices.Consequently,both ternary devices achieved substantially increased PCE of 13.8%and Jsc of 24.4 and 25.2 mA/cm^(2),respectively.Besides,pseudo-planar heterojunction(PPHJ)devices based on alloyed acceptors through sequential spin-coating method further improve the photovoltaic performance.Our work puts forward the concept of energy level regulator and prove that the ternary alloy strategy has unique advantages and huge research potential in continuously adjusting the driving force.
文摘In a steady-state plasma,the loss rate of plasma particles to the chamber wall and surfaces in contact with plasma is balanced by the ionization rate of background neutrals in the hot-filament discharges.The balance between the loss rate and ionization rate of plasma particles(electrons and ions)maintains quasi-neutrality of the bulk plasma.In the presence of an external perturbation,it tries to retain its quasi-neutrality condition.In this work,we studied how the properties of bulk plasma are affected by an external DC potential perturbation.An auxiliary biased metal disk electrode was used to introduce a potential perturbation to the plasma medium.A single Langmuir probe and an emissive probe,placed in the line of the discharge axis,were used for the characterization of the bulk plasma.It is observed that only positive bias to the auxiliary metal disk increases the plasma potential,electron temperature,and plasma density but these plasma parameters remain unaltered when the disk is biased with a negative potential with respect to plasma potential.The observed plasma parameters for two different-sized,positively as well as negatively biased,metal disks are compared and found inconsistent with the existing theoretical model at large positive bias voltages.The role of the primary energetic electrons population in determining the plasma parameters is discussed.The experimentally observed results are qualitatively explained on the basis of electrostatic confinement arising due to the loss of electrons to a biased metal disk electrode.
文摘Objective:To assess the role of oxidative stress on anaemia in pregnancy.Methods:Blood samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women who came for antenatal clinic and medical check at Comprehensive Health Center,Akungba-Akoko and Iwaro General Hospital in Akoko Area of Ondo State,Nigeria.Thick and thin blood films were prepared and used for malaria parasite counts.Haemoglobin level was determined by colorimetric method using Drabkin’s solution.Oxidative status was determined using malondiadelhyde level as an indicator of lipid peroxidation,while ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione levels were measured by standard spectrophotometric methods.Results:Mean parasite density was significantly higher in pregnant women than non-pregnant women(P【0.05).Haemoglobin level was significantly reduced in malaria positive pregnant and non-pregnant women than malaria negative(8.3-10.0 g/dL)(P【0.05).The oxidative status indicated that malondialdehyde(MDA) was significantly increased in pregnant[(2.5±0.7) nmol/mL]than non-pregnant women[(1.8±0.1) nmol/mL] (P【0.05),while Vit C and superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels were significantly reduced in pregnant than non-pregnant women(P【0.05).There was an inverse correlation between Hb and MDA levels in pregnant women studied.Positive correlation was observed between the mean MDA level and parasite density(r = 0.53).The Hb level decreased as the parasite density and MDA level increased in pregnant women.Conclusions:This study shows that oxidative stress, caused by malaria infection could be part of the contributing factors responsible for anaemia in pregnancy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12064015 and 12064014)。
文摘Garnet-type Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO) is a promising solid-state electrolyte for Li-ion batteries,but Li-dendrite's formation greatly limits the applications.In this paper,we systematically investigate the stability,electronic properties,and Li-ion mobility of the LLZO surface by the ifrst-principles calculations.We consider the(110) and(001) slab structures with different terminations in the t-and c-LLZO.Our results indicate that both(110) and(001) surfaces prefer to form Li-rich termination due to their low surface energies for either t-or c-LLZO.Moreover,with the decrease of Li contents the stability of Li-rich surfaces is improved initially and degrades later.Unfortunately,the localized surface states at the Fermi level can induce the formation of metallic Li on the Li-rich surfaces.In comparison,Li/La-termination has a relatively low metallic Li formation tendency due to its rather low diffusion barrier.In fact,Li-ion can spontaneously migrate along path II(Li3→Li2) on the Li/La-T(001) surface.In contrast,it is more difficult for Li-ion diffusion on the Li-T(001) surface,which has a minimum diffusion barrier of 0.50 eV.Interestingly,the minimum diffusion barrier decreases to 0.34 eV when removing four Li-ions from the Li-T(001) surface.Thus,our study suggests that by varying Li contents,the stability and Li-ion diffusion barrier of LLZO surfaces can be altered favorably.These advantages can inhibit the formation of metallic Li on the LLZO surfaces.
文摘The study was conducted to assess the effect of evaporation ponds of an ethanol distillery spent wash on groundwater, with a reference to heavy metal contamination. The distillery discharging 11,880 m3 spent wash per day is extremely loaded with minerals and chemical oxygen demanding organic substances. The groundwater around the evaporation ponds is used for drinking and irrigation purposes. Thirty-five representative samples （three spent wash, two drainage water and 30 groundwater） were examined for 13 different parameters： pH, TDS （total dissolved solids）, COD （chemical oxygen demand）, the heavy metal Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb and As concentrations. The physico-chemical parameters were found in following range pH 7.2-7.7 ＆ 6.8-7.7, TDS 24,448-28,608 mg/L ＆ 302-4,406 mg/L, COD 20,080-24,320 mg/L ＆ 0.0-53 mg/L, Cd 190-140 μg/L ＆ 1.5-8.7 μg/L, Co 1,240-1,987 μg/L ＆ 20.5-87.2 μg/L, Cr 1,020-1,330 μg/L ＆ 14.4-38.1 μg/L, Cu 5,200-6,300 μg/L ＆ 15.0-109.3 μg/L, Fe 2,910-3,242 μg/L ＆ 0-860 μg/L, Mn 49,900-59,500 μg/L ＆ 16.3-138.7 μg/L, Ni 1,430-1,760 μg/L ＆ 8.0-107.7 μg/L, Zn 3,359-5,250 μg/L ＆ 0.0-850 μg/L, Pb 8.9-9.8 μg/L ＆ BD （below detection）-8.7 μg/L, As 5.0 μg/L ＆ BD-10.0 μg/L for spent wash and groundwater samples, respectively. The drainage water samples had parameters within limits for industrial effluents. The spent wash samples contained metal ions higher than the permissible limits for industrial effluents and the samples of groundwater collected around the evaporation ponds contained higher concentrations of metal ions as compared to samples collected away from the evaporation ponds. Coefficient of correμtion among 11 parameters was calcuμted and contamination index was also determined, 33.3% of groundwater samples mostly collected around evaporation ponds had a contamination index above 3 and are considered extremely polluted.
文摘The current study was carried out to examine the heavy metals （Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and As） concentration in GW （groundwater） samples in the vicinity of distillery spent wash evaporation ponds and RGW （reference groundwater） samples collected 2 km to 3 km away from the source. The study examines the potential health risk caused by consumption of heavy metals to local inhabitants living around distillery spent wash evaporation ponds. HM （heavy metals） concentration was determined by AAS （atomic absorption） and the results were compared with permissible limits of PEPA （pakistan environmental Protection Agency） and WHO （World Health Organization）, set for industria effluents and drinking water. The health risk assessment such as CDI （chronic daily intake） and HQ （hazard quotient） were determined on the sources ofHM concentration. The cm of heavy metals in GW were found in following decreasing order Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and As. The HQ indexes of HM in the GW samples near the distillery spent wash evaporation ponds was in the order As, C, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cr. The results showed that the distillery spent wash is the cause for the change in HM contents of the study area.
文摘The Vilsmeier reagent is well-known electrophilic reagent for synthetically useful organic transformations. Its ionic liquid version has been prepared from DMF-like ionic liquid. Apart from its other reported applications, presently it has been used as an efficient organo reagent for efficient esterification. Variety of esters has been prepared from versatile carboxylic acids and alcohols under ionic liquid conditions with excellent yields. The present system offers an economically and environmentally better alternative to routine procedures.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22005131,52173169,U1801256 and U20A20128)the financial support from the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (No.BX2021117)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2021M700060)。
文摘Flexibility is the most prominent advantage of organic solar cells(OSCs) compared with traditional photovoltaic devices, showing an irreplaceable commercial potential. Currently, the maximum power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of single-junction OSCs have been over 19% and 16% upon rigid and flexible substrates, respectively, which meet the criteria for commercial application. Extensive research efforts are under way, such as device configuration design, interface/photosensitive layer synthesis, transparent electrode modification and printing technology innovation, however, the reasonable selection of printing technologies, the huge performance loss of large-area printing process and the structural design of flexible modules are still the bottlenecks, limiting the commercialization of OSCs. This review focuses on the technical challenges and rational modular configuration design for printing preparation of flexible high-efficiency large-area organic devices, from the aspects of the functional layer material selection, printing process research status and large-scale efficiency losses. These will promote the integrated applications of printable organic semiconductor materials for next-generation clean energy and appeal extensive attentions in wearable electronics, building-integrated photovoltaics and Internet of Things, etc.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51833004,22005131,51973032,21905043 and U20A20128)。
文摘The flexibility of organic photovoltaics(OPVs)has attracted worldwide attention in recent years.To realize the bending-stability of OPVs,it is necessary to put forward the bending-stability of interfacial layer.A novel bendable composite is explored and successfully applied as an electron transport layer(ETL)for fully-flexible OPVs.We incorporated poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP)into conjugated electrolytes(CPE)to composite a bendable ETL for high-performance OPVs devices.Fortunately,the devices based on PVP-modified CPE exhibited better device performances and more excellent mechanical properties of bendability.The fullerene-free OPVs based on PM6:IT-4 F with CPE@PVP as ETLs yield the best power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 13.42%.Moreover,a satisfying efficiency of 12.59%has been obtained for the fully-flexible OPVs.As far as we know,this is one of the highest PCE for fully-flexible OPV based PM6:IT-4 F system.More importantly,the flexible OPVs devices can retain more than 80%of its initial efficiency after 5000 bending cycles.Furthermore,among various curvature radii,the mechanical properties of the device based on CPE@PVP are superior to those of the device based on bare CPE as ETL.These findings indicate that the functional flexibility of CPE as a cathode interfacial layer is an effective strategy to fabricate high-performance flexible devices in the near future.
基金funded by Department of Science and Technology,Government of India (Grant No.SR/CSI/59/2011(G)Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission (Grant No.GSBTM/MD/PROJECTS/.SSA/3385/2012/2013)
文摘Neuroinflammation following immune activation in the central nervous system（CNS）leads to neuronal loss in specific areas of the CNS resulting in neurodegenerative disorders.Thus,fine tuning the immune responses within the brain is essential,because most of the brain diseases are associated with chronic inflammation,
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073137,21704038,51763018)the NSFC-DFG Joint Research Project(No.51761135114)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Nos.20192BCB23001,20202ZDB01009).
文摘Although transition metal phospho-sulfides deliver outstanding electrochemical performance,complex preparation methods hindered their further development.Herein,we report a facile one-step electrodeposition approach to deposit interconnected nanowalls-like nickel cobalt phospho-sulfide(Ni-Co-P-S)nanosheets onto the surface of carbon cloth.The thin Ni-Co-P-S nanosheets with multi-components and synergetic effects delivered rich active sites,further enhancing reversible capacitance.Therefore,the as-prepared Ni-Co-P-S electrode materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in a three-electrode system,showcasing a high specific capacitance of 2744 F/g at 4 A/g.The full supercapacitors based on Ni-Co-P-S as positive electrode and active carbon as negative electrode showcase a high specific capacitance of 110.9 F/g at 1 A/g,impressive energy density of 39.4 Wh/kg at a power density of 797.5 W/kg in terms of excellent cycling stability(91.87%retention after 10,000 cycles).This simple electrode position strategy for synthesizing Ni-Co-P-S can be extended to prepare electrode materials for various sustainable electrochemical energy storage/conversion technologies.
基金supported financially by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council,United Kingdom(Grant No.EP/P003435/1)。
文摘Polymer based nanocomposites consisting of elastic three-dimensional(3 D)carbon foam(CF),paraffin wax and graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)have been created and evaluated for thermal energy storage.The ultralight,highly porous(~98.6%porosity),and flexible CFs with densities of2.84-5.26 mg/cm^3 have been used as the backbone skeleton to accommodate phase change wax and nanoscale thermal conductive enhancer,GNP.Low level of defects and the ordered sp2 configuration allow the resulting CFs to exhibit excellent cyclic compressive behavior at strains up to 95%,while retaining part of their elastic properties even after 100 cycles of testing.By dispersing the highly conductive GNP nanofillers in paraffin wax and infiltrating them into the flexible CFs,the resultant nanocomposites were observed to possess enhanced overall thermal conductivity up to 0.76 W/(m K),representing an impressive improvement of226%,which is highly desirable for thermal engineering.
文摘We collated and synthesized previous studies that reported the impacts of microplastics on soil parameters.The data were classified and integrated to screen for the proportion of significant effects,then we suggest several directions to alleviate the current data limitation in future experiments.We compiled 106 datasets capturing significant effects,which were analyzed in detail.We found that polyethylene and pellets(or powders)were the most frequently used microplastic composition and shape for soil experiments.The significant effects mainly occurred in broad size ranges(0.1–1 mm)at test concentrations of 0.1%–10%based on soil dry weight.Polyvinyl chloride and film induced significant effects at lower concentrations compared to other compositions and shapes,respectively.We adopted a species sensitivity distribution(SSD)and soil property effect distribution(SPED)method using available data from soil biota,and for soil properties and enzymes deemed relevant for microplastic management.The predicted-no-effect-concentration(PNEC)-like values needed to protect 95%of soil biota and soil properties was estimated to be between 520 and 655 mg kg^(-1).This study was the first to screen microplastic levels with a view toward protecting the soil system.Our results should be regularly updated(e.g.,quarterly)with additional data as they become available.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(51973087,52173170 and 22169012)Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019201004)。
文摘All-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)have made significant progress recently,but few studies have been conducted to investigate the lab-to-manufacturing translation from the spin-coating method to the printing process.Here,the random copolymerization method and non-conjugated backbone approach are integrated to manipulate the morphology and photoelectric properties of the active layer for large-area printed all-PSCs.A series of non-conjugated terpolymer acceptors PYSe-TC_(6)T(x)(x=5,10,and 20,refers to the molar ratio of TC_(6)T unit)are developed by covalently introducing non-conjugated unit TC_(6)T into the PYSe host bipolymer by random copolymerization.The spin-coated PYSe-TC_(6)T(10)-based all-PSC demonstrates the best power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 13.54%,superior to the PYSe-based one(12.45%).More intriguingly,morphological studies reveal that a combination of the random polymerization and non-conjugated backbone strategy can effectively prevent the active layer from overaggregation and improve the film quality during the printing process,thereby minimizing the efficiency and technology gap between spin-coated small-area devices and blade-coated large-area devices.By directly using the same preparation condition of spin-coating,the blade-coated small-area(0.04 cm^(2))delivers a PCE of 12.83%and the large-area(1.21 cm^(2))device achieves a PCE of 11.96%with a small PCE loss.Both PCE value and PCE loss are one of the most outstanding performances of the bladecoated all-PSCs.These findings reveal that a combination of the non-conjugated flexible backbone with random copolymerization to develop non-conjugated terpolymers is an attractive design concept to smoothly realize the lab-to-manufacturing translation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2500700 and 2016YFC0901101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870056).
文摘Interstitial lung diseases(ILD)encompass over 200 lung disorders marked by inflammation and/or fibrosis,posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges[1].The American Thoracic Society recommends a multidisciplinary approach for accurate ILD diagnosis[2].In the real world,this multidisciplinary approach is time-consuming and resource-intensive.Clinicians hope to speed up the diagnostic process with the help of artificial intelligence(AI).
