Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are ...Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of life.Unfortunately,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological challenges.As a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces hindrances.To address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-HV as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(HV)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and activity.These constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)states.Absolute privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero transmittance.Each unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct manner.Hence,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.展开更多
The purpose of this work is to analyze the electrical properties of the metal–semiconductor contact(MSC)in the framework of the theory of complex systems.The effect of inhomogeneity of the different microstructures:p...The purpose of this work is to analyze the electrical properties of the metal–semiconductor contact(MSC)in the framework of the theory of complex systems.The effect of inhomogeneity of the different microstructures:polycrystalline,monocrystalline,amorphous metal–semiconductor contact surface is investigated,considering a Schottky diode(SD)as a parallel connection of numerous subdiodes.It has been shown that the polycrystallinity of the metal translates a homogeneous contact into a complex system,which consists of parallel connected numerous elementary contacts having different properties and parameters.展开更多
The cationic polymerization of C4 mixed feed and isobutylene co-initiated by AlCl3xOiPr2,iBuAlC12xnOiPr2,and[emim]Cl-FeCl3xnOiPr2([emim]Cl:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)has been investigated.AlCl3xOiPr2 co-init...The cationic polymerization of C4 mixed feed and isobutylene co-initiated by AlCl3xOiPr2,iBuAlC12xnOiPr2,and[emim]Cl-FeCl3xnOiPr2([emim]Cl:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)has been investigated.AlCl3xOiPr2 co-initiated cationic polymerization of C4 mixed feed proceeds at a lower rate than polymerization of isobutylene affording polymers with higher molecular weight.Complexes of iBuAlCh with di isopropyl ether of different compositions are more suitable co-initiators than AlCl3xOiPr2 for the synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene(HR PIB)from C4 mixed feed due to their higher activity in the polymerization as well as possibility to prepare polyisobutylenes with lower molecular weight and higher content of exo-olefin end groups.However,iBuA1C12 needs activating via addition of external water(initiator)and/or interaction with salts hydrates in order to increase the reaction rate and the saturated monomer conversion.[Emim]Cl-FeC13/iPr2O is a quite promising catalyst for the preparation of HR PIB with high exo-olefin end group content(>80%)and relatively low polydispersity(Mw/Mn<2.8)via cationic polymerization of C4 mixed feed.The sonication of reaction mixture in case of using[emim]Cl-FeCh allowed increasing the reaction rate and decreasing the molecular weight.展开更多
The development of potential theory heightens the understanding of fundamental interactions in quantum systems.In this paper,the bound state solution of the modified radial Klein–Gordon equation is presented for gene...The development of potential theory heightens the understanding of fundamental interactions in quantum systems.In this paper,the bound state solution of the modified radial Klein–Gordon equation is presented for generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential from the Nikiforov–Uvarov method.The resulting energy eigenvalues and corresponding radial wave functions are expressed in terms of the Jacobi polynomials for arbitrary l states.It is also demonstrated that energy eigenvalues strongly correlate with potential parameters for quantum states.Considering particular cases,the generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential and its derived energy eigenvalues exhibit good agreement with the reported findings.Furthermore,the rovibrational energies are calculated for three representative diatomic molecules,namely H2,HCl and O2.The lowest excitation energies are in perfect agreement with experimental results.Overall,the potential model is displayed to be a viable candidate for concurrently prescribing numerous quantum systems.展开更多
In this paper,we describe a study of charged particle yield as a function of pT for K^(*)(892)0 and phgr(1020)mesons in proton–proton(pp)and Pb–Pb collisions at√S_(NN)=2.76 TeV in the central rapidity region of|y|&...In this paper,we describe a study of charged particle yield as a function of pT for K^(*)(892)0 and phgr(1020)mesons in proton–proton(pp)and Pb–Pb collisions at√S_(NN)=2.76 TeV in the central rapidity region of|y|<0.5,in a pT range of 0<pT<15 GeV c^(−1)in pp collisions and in a pT range of 0<pT<20 GeV c−1 in Pb-Pb collisions.We also investigated a very important ratio,the nuclear modification factor,to study the effects of the medium in the most central region,i.e.0%–5%centrality.For data simulation,we used the EPOS-LHC and EPOS-1.99 models.To check the validity of these models'simulations,we compared the data obtained from these Monte Carlo simulation programs with ALICE experimental data for√S_(NN)=2.76 TeV.It was concluded that the models'predictions for the phgr-meson in pp and for the most central Pb-Pb collisions disagreed with the ALICE data,and that the difference increased with pT.This may be connected with the essential role of collective parton behaviors which could not have been taken into account by the models.For K^(*)0 mesons,both programs gave almost the same predictions,and with pT in the interval pT>3 GeV c^(−1),the predictions were very close to the experimental data.Both models gave higher predictions for the soft pT interval and lower predictions for the hard interactions.The values of the RAA distributions were lower than unity and both models were very close to the ALICE data.It is very interesting that the models were not able to describe the pT distributions,but they gave good predictions for their ratios.This may possibly be due to parton collective behaviors.We observed some additional suppression of K^(*)0 at low values of pT with respect to phgr-mesons,which may be related to the role of the masses of the particles in soft interactions.The rising trend for R_(AA)in the region from pT=10 GeV c^(−1)to 20 GeV c^(−1) observed by the ALICE experiment was absent for theФ-mesons.展开更多
Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(STOPVs)have gained wide attention owing to their promising applications in building-integrated photovoltaics,agrivoltaics,and floating photovoltaics.Organic semiconductors with hi...Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(STOPVs)have gained wide attention owing to their promising applications in building-integrated photovoltaics,agrivoltaics,and floating photovoltaics.Organic semiconductors with high charge carrier mobility usually have planar and conjugated structures,thereby showing strong absorption in visible region.In this work,a new concept of incorporating transparent inorganic semiconductors is proposed for high-performance STOPVs.Copper(I)thiocyanate(CuSCN)is a visible-transparent inorganic semiconductor with an ionization potential of 5.45 eV and high hole mobility.The transparency of CuSCN benefits high average visible transmittance(AVT)of STOPVs.The energy levels of CuSCN as donor match those of near-infrared small molecule acceptor BTP-eC9,and the formed heterojunction exhibits an ability of exciton dissociation.High mobility of CuSCN contributes to a more favorable charge transport channel and suppresses charge recombination.The control STOPVs based on PM6/BTP-eC9 exhibit an AVT of 19.0%with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.7%.Partial replacement of PM6 with CuSCN leads to a 63%increase in transmittance,resulting in a higher AVT of 30.9%and a comparable PCE of 10.8%.展开更多
We study the electromagnetic form factors and tensor polarization observables of the deuteron in the framework of the hard-wall AdS/QCD model.We find a profile function for the bulk twistτ=6 vector field,which descri...We study the electromagnetic form factors and tensor polarization observables of the deuteron in the framework of the hard-wall AdS/QCD model.We find a profile function for the bulk twistτ=6 vector field,which describes the deuteron on the boundary and fix the infrared boundary cut-off of AdS space in accordance with the ground state mass of the deuteron.We obtain the deuteron charge monopole,quadrupole,and magnetic dipole form factors and tensor polarization observables from the bulk Lagrangians for the deuteron and photon field interactions.We plot the momentum transfer dependence of the form factors and tensor polarization observables and compare our numerical results with those in the soft-wall model and experimental data.展开更多
The spectroscopic parameters and decay channels of the axial-vector tetraquark Tho(in what follows,TAV)are explored using the quantum chromodynamics(QCD)sum rule method.The mass and coupling of this state are calculat...The spectroscopic parameters and decay channels of the axial-vector tetraquark Tho(in what follows,TAV)are explored using the quantum chromodynamics(QCD)sum rule method.The mass and coupling of this state are calculated using two-point sum rules by taking into account various vacuum condensates,up to 10 dimensions.Our prediction for the mass of this state m=(10215±250)MeV confirms that it is stable with respect to strong and electromagnetic decays and can dissociate to conventional mesons only via weak transformations.We investigate the dominant semileptonic■and nonleptonic T AV b:s^-→v10 b:s^-M decays of T AV b:s^-.In these processes,Z-b:s^-is a scalar tetraquark[be][us^-]built of a colo-triplet diquark and an antidiquark,whereas M is one of the vector mesonsρ^-,K^*(892),D^*(2010)^-,and D^*s-.To caleulate the partial w idths of these decays,we use the QCD three-point sum rule approach and evaluate the weak transition form factors Gi(i=0,1,2,3),which govem these processes.The full widthΓfull=(12.9±2.1)×10^-8 MeV and the mean lifetimeτ=5.1+0.99-0.71 fs of the tetraquark TAV are computed us-ing the aforementioned weak decays.The obtained information about the parametersof TAY and Zh,is useful for experimental investigations of these double-heavy exotic mesons.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF)grants funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1A6A1A03038817),Republic of Korea。
文摘Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of life.Unfortunately,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological challenges.As a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces hindrances.To address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-HV as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(HV)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and activity.These constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)states.Absolute privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero transmittance.Each unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct manner.Hence,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.
文摘The purpose of this work is to analyze the electrical properties of the metal–semiconductor contact(MSC)in the framework of the theory of complex systems.The effect of inhomogeneity of the different microstructures:polycrystalline,monocrystalline,amorphous metal–semiconductor contact surface is investigated,considering a Schottky diode(SD)as a parallel connection of numerous subdiodes.It has been shown that the polycrystallinity of the metal translates a homogeneous contact into a complex system,which consists of parallel connected numerous elementary contacts having different properties and parameters.
文摘The cationic polymerization of C4 mixed feed and isobutylene co-initiated by AlCl3xOiPr2,iBuAlC12xnOiPr2,and[emim]Cl-FeCl3xnOiPr2([emim]Cl:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)has been investigated.AlCl3xOiPr2 co-initiated cationic polymerization of C4 mixed feed proceeds at a lower rate than polymerization of isobutylene affording polymers with higher molecular weight.Complexes of iBuAlCh with di isopropyl ether of different compositions are more suitable co-initiators than AlCl3xOiPr2 for the synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene(HR PIB)from C4 mixed feed due to their higher activity in the polymerization as well as possibility to prepare polyisobutylenes with lower molecular weight and higher content of exo-olefin end groups.However,iBuA1C12 needs activating via addition of external water(initiator)and/or interaction with salts hydrates in order to increase the reaction rate and the saturated monomer conversion.[Emim]Cl-FeC13/iPr2O is a quite promising catalyst for the preparation of HR PIB with high exo-olefin end group content(>80%)and relatively low polydispersity(Mw/Mn<2.8)via cationic polymerization of C4 mixed feed.The sonication of reaction mixture in case of using[emim]Cl-FeCh allowed increasing the reaction rate and decreasing the molecular weight.
文摘The development of potential theory heightens the understanding of fundamental interactions in quantum systems.In this paper,the bound state solution of the modified radial Klein–Gordon equation is presented for generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential from the Nikiforov–Uvarov method.The resulting energy eigenvalues and corresponding radial wave functions are expressed in terms of the Jacobi polynomials for arbitrary l states.It is also demonstrated that energy eigenvalues strongly correlate with potential parameters for quantum states.Considering particular cases,the generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential and its derived energy eigenvalues exhibit good agreement with the reported findings.Furthermore,the rovibrational energies are calculated for three representative diatomic molecules,namely H2,HCl and O2.The lowest excitation energies are in perfect agreement with experimental results.Overall,the potential model is displayed to be a viable candidate for concurrently prescribing numerous quantum systems.
文摘In this paper,we describe a study of charged particle yield as a function of pT for K^(*)(892)0 and phgr(1020)mesons in proton–proton(pp)and Pb–Pb collisions at√S_(NN)=2.76 TeV in the central rapidity region of|y|<0.5,in a pT range of 0<pT<15 GeV c^(−1)in pp collisions and in a pT range of 0<pT<20 GeV c−1 in Pb-Pb collisions.We also investigated a very important ratio,the nuclear modification factor,to study the effects of the medium in the most central region,i.e.0%–5%centrality.For data simulation,we used the EPOS-LHC and EPOS-1.99 models.To check the validity of these models'simulations,we compared the data obtained from these Monte Carlo simulation programs with ALICE experimental data for√S_(NN)=2.76 TeV.It was concluded that the models'predictions for the phgr-meson in pp and for the most central Pb-Pb collisions disagreed with the ALICE data,and that the difference increased with pT.This may be connected with the essential role of collective parton behaviors which could not have been taken into account by the models.For K^(*)0 mesons,both programs gave almost the same predictions,and with pT in the interval pT>3 GeV c^(−1),the predictions were very close to the experimental data.Both models gave higher predictions for the soft pT interval and lower predictions for the hard interactions.The values of the RAA distributions were lower than unity and both models were very close to the ALICE data.It is very interesting that the models were not able to describe the pT distributions,but they gave good predictions for their ratios.This may possibly be due to parton collective behaviors.We observed some additional suppression of K^(*)0 at low values of pT with respect to phgr-mesons,which may be related to the role of the masses of the particles in soft interactions.The rising trend for R_(AA)in the region from pT=10 GeV c^(−1)to 20 GeV c^(−1) observed by the ALICE experiment was absent for theФ-mesons.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023YFH0086, 2023YFH0085, 2023YFH0087 and 2023NSFSC0990)the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (sklpme2022-3-02 and sklpme2023-2-11)the Tibet Foreign Experts Program (2022wz002)
文摘Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(STOPVs)have gained wide attention owing to their promising applications in building-integrated photovoltaics,agrivoltaics,and floating photovoltaics.Organic semiconductors with high charge carrier mobility usually have planar and conjugated structures,thereby showing strong absorption in visible region.In this work,a new concept of incorporating transparent inorganic semiconductors is proposed for high-performance STOPVs.Copper(I)thiocyanate(CuSCN)is a visible-transparent inorganic semiconductor with an ionization potential of 5.45 eV and high hole mobility.The transparency of CuSCN benefits high average visible transmittance(AVT)of STOPVs.The energy levels of CuSCN as donor match those of near-infrared small molecule acceptor BTP-eC9,and the formed heterojunction exhibits an ability of exciton dissociation.High mobility of CuSCN contributes to a more favorable charge transport channel and suppresses charge recombination.The control STOPVs based on PM6/BTP-eC9 exhibit an AVT of 19.0%with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.7%.Partial replacement of PM6 with CuSCN leads to a 63%increase in transmittance,resulting in a higher AVT of 30.9%and a comparable PCE of 10.8%.
文摘We study the electromagnetic form factors and tensor polarization observables of the deuteron in the framework of the hard-wall AdS/QCD model.We find a profile function for the bulk twistτ=6 vector field,which describes the deuteron on the boundary and fix the infrared boundary cut-off of AdS space in accordance with the ground state mass of the deuteron.We obtain the deuteron charge monopole,quadrupole,and magnetic dipole form factors and tensor polarization observables from the bulk Lagrangians for the deuteron and photon field interactions.We plot the momentum transfer dependence of the form factors and tensor polarization observables and compare our numerical results with those in the soft-wall model and experimental data.
基金The work of K.A.B.B..and H.S was Supported in part by the TUBITAK(119F050)。
文摘The spectroscopic parameters and decay channels of the axial-vector tetraquark Tho(in what follows,TAV)are explored using the quantum chromodynamics(QCD)sum rule method.The mass and coupling of this state are calculated using two-point sum rules by taking into account various vacuum condensates,up to 10 dimensions.Our prediction for the mass of this state m=(10215±250)MeV confirms that it is stable with respect to strong and electromagnetic decays and can dissociate to conventional mesons only via weak transformations.We investigate the dominant semileptonic■and nonleptonic T AV b:s^-→v10 b:s^-M decays of T AV b:s^-.In these processes,Z-b:s^-is a scalar tetraquark[be][us^-]built of a colo-triplet diquark and an antidiquark,whereas M is one of the vector mesonsρ^-,K^*(892),D^*(2010)^-,and D^*s-.To caleulate the partial w idths of these decays,we use the QCD three-point sum rule approach and evaluate the weak transition form factors Gi(i=0,1,2,3),which govem these processes.The full widthΓfull=(12.9±2.1)×10^-8 MeV and the mean lifetimeτ=5.1+0.99-0.71 fs of the tetraquark TAV are computed us-ing the aforementioned weak decays.The obtained information about the parametersof TAY and Zh,is useful for experimental investigations of these double-heavy exotic mesons.
