To generate a neutron beam exhibiting a Maxwellian energy distribution with narrow emission angles for measuring the neutron capture reaction rates of the s-process nuclides,a monoenergetic 3.4 MeV proton beam produce...To generate a neutron beam exhibiting a Maxwellian energy distribution with narrow emission angles for measuring the neutron capture reaction rates of the s-process nuclides,a monoenergetic 3.4 MeV proton beam produced by the tandem-accelerator in the China Institute of Atomic Energy was utilized.The proton beam was first transmitted through a 60.5μm aluminum foil and then impinged on a natural LiF target to produce neutron beam via^(7)Li(p,n)7Be reaction.The quasi-Gaussian energy distribution of protons in the LiF target resulted in neutron energy spectra that agreed with a Maxwellian energy distribution at kT=(22±2)keV,which was achieved by integrating neutrons detected within an emission angle of 65.0°±2.6°using a ^(6)Li glass detector positioned at 65°relative to the proton beam direction.The narrow angular spread of the Maxwelliandistributed neutron beam enables direct measurement of neutron capture cross-sections for most s-process nuclides,overcoming previous experimental limitations associated with broad angular distributions.展开更多
The increasing global adoption of electric vehicles(EVs)has led to a growing demand for a cost-effective and reliable charging infrastructure.This study presents a novel data-driven approach to assessing EV station pe...The increasing global adoption of electric vehicles(EVs)has led to a growing demand for a cost-effective and reliable charging infrastructure.This study presents a novel data-driven approach to assessing EV station performance by analyzing power consumption efficiency,station utilization rates,no-power session occurrences,and CO_(2)reduction metrics.A dataset of 17,500 charging sessions from 305 stations across a regional network was analyzed to identify operational inefficiencies and opportunities for infrastructure optimization.Results indicate a strong correlation between station utilization and energy efficiency,highlighting the importance of strategic station placement.The findings also emphasize the impact of no-power sessions on network inefficiency and the need for real-time station monitoring.CO_(2)reduction analysis demonstrates that optimizing EV charging performance can significantly contribute to sustainability goals.Based on these insights,this study recommends the implementation of predictive maintenance strategies,real-time user notifications,and diversified provider networks to improve station availability and efficiency.The proposed data-driven framework offers actionable solutions for policymakers,charging network operators,and urban planners to enhance EV infrastructure reliability and sustainability.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,heat accumulation under continuous illumination remains a critical bot...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,heat accumulation under continuous illumination remains a critical bottleneck,severely affecting device stability and long-term operational performance.Herein,we present a multifunctional strategy by incorporating highly thermally conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) MXene nanosheets into the perovskite layer to simultaneously enhance thermal management and optoelectronic properties.The Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) nanosheets,embedded at perovskite grain boundaries,construct efficient thermal conduction pathways,significantly improving the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the film.This leads to a notable reduction in the device’s steady-state operating temperature from 42.96 to 39.97 under 100 mW cm^(−2) illumination,thereby alleviating heat-induced performance degradation.Beyond thermal regulation,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X),with high conductivity and negatively charged surface terminations,also serves as an effective defect passivation agent,reducing trap-assisted recombination,while simultaneously facilitating charge extraction and transport by optimizing interfacial energy alignment.As a result,the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC achieve a champion PCE of 25.13%and exhibit outstanding thermal stability,retaining 80%of the initial PCE after 500 h of thermal aging at 85 and 30±5%relative humidity.(In contrast,control PSC retain only 58%after 200 h.)Moreover,under continuous maximum power point tracking in N2 atmosphere,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC retained 70%of the initial PCE after 500 h,whereas the control PSC drop sharply to 20%.These findings highlight the synergistic role of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) in thermal management and optoelectronic performance,paving the way for the development of high-efficiency and heat-resistant perovskite photovoltaics.展开更多
Designing materials with both structural load-bearing capacity and broadband electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption properties remains a significant challenge.In this work,SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite with gyroid structures ...Designing materials with both structural load-bearing capacity and broadband electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption properties remains a significant challenge.In this work,SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite with gyroid structures were prepared through digital light processing(DLP)3D printing,polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs),chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),and oxidation technologies.The incorporation of the CVISiC phase effectively increases the dissipation capability,while the synergistic interaction between the gyroid structure and SiO_(2)phase significantly improves impedance matching performance.The SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL min)of-62.2 d B at 4.3 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)covered the X-band,with a thickness range of 4.1 mm-4.65 mm.The CST simulation results explain the broadband and low-frequency absorption characteristics,with an EAB of 8.4 GHz(9.6-18 GHz)and an RL min of-21.5 dB at 5 GHz.The excellent EM wave attenuation performance is associated primarily with polarization loss,conduction loss,the gyroid structure's enhancement of multiple reflections and scattering of EM waves,and the resonance effect between the structural units.The SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite also demonstrated strong mechanical properties,with a maximum compressive failure strength of 31.6 MPa in the height direction.This work opens novel prospects for the development of multifunctional structural wave-absorbing materials suitable for broadband microwave absorption and load-bearing properties.展开更多
Effective treatment of subcutaneous tumors remains a focal point in cancer therapy.Photothermal therapy,a novel therapeutic approach,has emerged as a promising alternative,offering a less invasive option for the treat...Effective treatment of subcutaneous tumors remains a focal point in cancer therapy.Photothermal therapy,a novel therapeutic approach,has emerged as a promising alternative,offering a less invasive option for the treatment of subcutaneous tumors.This study reports the exploration of novel supramolecular halogen-bonded organic frameworks(XOFs)based on[N…Br^(+)…N]halogen bonds through the ligand exchange strategy and their application in photothermal therapy.Through ligand exchange,XOF(Br)-TPy was successfully prepared,and its structure and properties were thoroughly characterized using NMR,XPS,FT-IR,and XRD techniques.Due to their cationic characteristics,these XOFs serve as effective carriers for the photothermal agent IR820.In vitro experiments demonstrated that the IR820@XOF(Br)-TPy composite exhibits excellent photothermal conversion efficiency under NIR irradiation,effectively inducing tumor cell ablation.Furthermore,in vivo studies confirmed the remarkable antitumor efficacy of the composite material in a subcutaneous tumor model.This work demonstrates that the ligand exchange strategy is a versatile and facile approach for constructing XOFs(Br)and provides a novel strategy for developing advanced photothermal therapeutic agents with significant application potential.展开更多
Seawater zinc-air batteries are promising energy storage devices due to their high energy density and utilization of seawater electrolytes.However,their efficiency is hindered by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction...Seawater zinc-air batteries are promising energy storage devices due to their high energy density and utilization of seawater electrolytes.However,their efficiency is hindered by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and chlorideinduced degradation over conventional catalysts.In this study,we proposed a universal synthetic strategy to construct heteroatom axially coordinated Fe–N_(4) single-atom seawater catalyst materials(Cl–Fe–N_(4) and S–Fe–N_(4)).X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed their five-coordinated square pyramidal structure.Systematic evaluation of catalytic activities revealed that compared with S–Fe–N_(4),Cl–Fe–N_(4) exhibits smaller electrochemical active surface area and specific surface area,yet demonstrates higher limiting current density(5.8 mA cm^(−2)).The assembled zinc-air batteries using Cl–Fe–N_(4) showed superior power density(187.7 mW cm^(−2) at 245.1 mA cm^(−2)),indicating that Cl axial coordination more effectively enhances the intrinsic ORR activity.Moreover,Cl–Fe–N_(4) demonstrates stronger Cl−poisoning resistance in seawater environments.Chronoamperometry tests and zinc-air battery cycling performance evaluations confirmed its enhanced stability.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the introduction of heteroatoms in the axial direction regulates the electron center of Fe single atom,leading to more active reaction intermediates and increased electron density of Fe single sites,thereby enhancing the reduction in adsorbed intermediates and hence the overall ORR catalytic activity.展开更多
The methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)to formic acid offers a promising alternative to the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water electrolysis.However,the development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts rem...The methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)to formic acid offers a promising alternative to the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water electrolysis.However,the development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts remains a primary challenge.In this study,an enhancement in catalytic MOR performance is achieved through the incorporation of Mn atoms with unsaturated t_(2g)orbitals into Ni_(3)Se_(4).Comprehensive experimental analyses and theoretical calculations reveal that substituting Ni with Mn induces strong electron-withdrawing effects,effectively modulating the local coordination environment of the metal centers.The presence of Mn also elongates Ni–Se(O)bonds,which reduces eg orbital occupancy and modifies the spin state of the material.Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that electrodes based on this optimized material exhibit a high spin state and deliver excellent catalytic activity,achieving a MOR current density up to∼190 mA cm^(−2)at 1.6 V.This performance enhancement is attributed to the favorable electronic configuration and reduced reaction energy barriers associated with the high-spin state.展开更多
An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a ne...An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a neural network is used to construct an emulator of the actual drilling and hydraulic fracturing process in the vector space(i.e.,virtual environment);:the Sharpley value method in inter-pretable machine learning is applied to analyzing the impact of geological and operational parameters in each well(i.e.,single well feature impact analysis):and ensemble randomized maximum likelihood(EnRML)is conducted to optimize the operational parameters to comprehensively improve the efficiency of shale gas development and reduce the average cost.In the experiment,InterOpt provides different drilling and fracturing plans for each well according to its specific geological conditions,and finally achieves an average cost reduction of 9.7%for a case study with 104 wells.展开更多
Advanced glycation end products(AGE) are potential harmful substances formed in the advanced Maillard reaction and increasingly investigated in muscle foods. However, the contribution of oxidation to the AGE formation...Advanced glycation end products(AGE) are potential harmful substances formed in the advanced Maillard reaction and increasingly investigated in muscle foods. However, the contribution of oxidation to the AGE formation is controversial. Moreover, reports on glyoxal(GO) induced AGE formation in chicken meat emulsion(CME) are limited. Thus, the effects of GO on emulsifying properties, rheological behavior and AGE formation in CME were investigated. Our findings exhibited that levels of Nε-carboxymethyllysine(CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine(CEL) were associated with lipid oxidation but not significantly(P > 0.05). Levels of AGE peaked when GO concentration ranged from 5 mmol/L(CML) to 10 mmol/L(CEL). The droplets’ aggregation associated with the disulfide bond when the concentration of GO was at 0.5–30 mmol/L while non-disulfide bond association occurred at 30–50 mmol/L GO concentration. In conclusion, compared to the effect of oxidation, GO exhibited the main role in the AGE formation of CME. This study will provide theoretical significance for further understanding and controlling the formation of AGE in CME.展开更多
Emerging energy technologies,aimed at addressing the challenges of energy scarcity and environmental pollution,have become a focal point for society.However,these actualities present significant challenges for modern ...Emerging energy technologies,aimed at addressing the challenges of energy scarcity and environmental pollution,have become a focal point for society.However,these actualities present significant challenges for modern energy storage devices.Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have gained considerable attention due to their high energy density.Nonetheless,their use of liquid electrolytes raises safety concerns,including dendritic growth,electrode corrosion,and electrolyte decomposition.In light of these challenges,solid-state batteries(SSBs)have emerged as a highly promising next-generation energy storage solution by leveraging lithium metal as the anode to achieve improved safety and energy density.Metal organic frameworks(MOFs),characterized by their porous structure,ordered crystal frame,and customizable configuration,have garnered interest as potential materials for enhancing solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)in SSBs.The integration of MOFs into SSEs offers opportunities to enhance the electrochemical performance and optimize the interface between SSEs and electrodes.This is made possible by leveraging the high porosity,functionalized structures,and abundant open metal sites of MOFs.However,the rational design of high-performance MOF-based SSEs for high-energy Li metal SSBs(LMSSBs)remains a significant challenge.In this comprehensive review,we present an overview of recent advancements in MOF-based SSEs for LMSSBs,focusing on strategies for interface optimization and property enhancement.We categorize these SSEs into two main types:MOF-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes and MOF-based all solid-state electrolytes.Within these categories,various subtypes are identified based on the combination mode,additional materials,formation state,preparation method,and interface optimization measures employed.The review also highlights the existing challenges associated with MOF materials in SSBs applications and proposes potential solutions and future development prospects to guide the advancement of MOFs-based SSEs.By providing a comprehensive assessment of the applications of MOFs in LMSSBs,this review aims to offer valuable insights and guidance for the development of MOF-based SSEs,addressing the key issues faced by these materials in SSBs technology.展开更多
Soil pedestals have long been used as qualitative indicators of soil splash erosion.In rangelands,plant-capped pedestals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the firs...Soil pedestals have long been used as qualitative indicators of soil splash erosion.In rangelands,plant-capped pedestals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the first half of the twentieth century.In agricultural lands,forests,and bad-lands,stone-capped pedestals have been used as qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators of active,'extreme'erosion.Little work has been reported on using capstone pedestal data for quantifying soil loss.We postulate that three distinct capstone pedestal types may be present in any given location and that a detailed analysis of a pedestal height histogram may be used to recognize their populations.This analysis can subsequently inform if soil loss can be reliably estimated and if so,which of the existing methods using pedestal height data will provide more accurate results.The three proposed capstone pedestal types are:(1)neo-pedestals formed underneath surface stones exposed by(partial)removal of the soil surface cover;(2)endo-pedestals formed underneath stones that were buried in the soil but have been exposed by erosion;and(3)phoenix-pedestals formed underneath stones from collapsed pedestals.In the pedestal height histogram of any given location,a skew to smaller heights may indicate the existence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedestals,which may be revealed as a bi-(or tri)modal distribution when using a smaller bin size.This concept was applied to a case study where soil loss had been monitored for control plots and mulched plots during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt plantation.We measured pedestal heights and used methods to quantitatively assess soil loss from soil pedestal data in the available literature.Soil pedestal data at the end of the 5-year period under or overestimated soil loss in the control treatment,with results ranging from 60 to 115%of measured soil loss,depending on the method.It is postulated that phoenix-and endo-pedestals may be a driving factor behind the observed discrepancies.We discuss how future research may provide more insight into dominant processes,and how frequency distributions may be used to select the best methods for estimating soil loss from pedestals.展开更多
Metal oxides with oxygen vacancies have a significant impact on catalytic activity for the transformation of organic pollutants in waste-to-energy(WtE)incineration processes.This study aims to investigate the influenc...Metal oxides with oxygen vacancies have a significant impact on catalytic activity for the transformation of organic pollutants in waste-to-energy(WtE)incineration processes.This study aims to investigate the influence of hematite surface oxygen point defects on the formation of environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs)from phenolic compounds based on the first-principles calculations.Two oxygen-deficient conditions were considered:oxygen vacancies at the top surface and on the subsurface.Our simulations indicate that the adsorption strength of phenol on theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)(0001)surface is enhanced by the presence of oxygen vacancies.However,the presence of oxygen vacancies has a negative impact on the dissociation of the phenol molecule,particularly for the surface with a defective point at the top layer.Thermo-kinetic parameters were established over a temperature range of300-1000 K,and lower reaction rate constants were observed for the scission of phenolic O-H bonds over the oxygen-deficient surfaces compared to the pristine surface.The negative effects caused by the oxygen-deficient conditions could be attributed to the local reduction of FeⅢto FeⅡ,which lower the oxidizing ability of surface reaction sites.The findings of this study provide us a promising approach to regulate the formation of EPFRs.展开更多
In view of the high cost caused by the 1:1 lifetime verification test of ion thrusters,the lifetime acceleration test should be considered.This work uses the PIC-MCC(Particle-in-Cell MonteCarlo Collision)method to ana...In view of the high cost caused by the 1:1 lifetime verification test of ion thrusters,the lifetime acceleration test should be considered.This work uses the PIC-MCC(Particle-in-Cell MonteCarlo Collision)method to analyze the five failure factors that lead to the failure of the accelerator grid of a 30 cm diameter ion thruster under the working mode of 5 k W.Meanwhile,the acceleration stress levels corresponding to different failure factors are obtained.The results show that background pressure has the highest stress level on the grid's erosion.The accelerator grid aperture's mass sputtering rate under the rated vacuum degree(1×10^(-4)Pa)of 5 k W work mode is 8.78 times that of the baseline vacuum degree(1×10^(-6)Pa),and the mass sputtering rate under worse vacuum degree(5×10^(-3)Pa)is 5.08 times that of 1×10^(-4)Pa.Under the influence of the other four failure factors,namely,the voltage of the accelerator grid,upstream plasma density,the screen grid voltage and mass utilization efficiency,the mass sputtering rates of the accelerator grid hole are 2.32,2.67,1.98 and 2.51 times those of the accelerator grid hole under baseline condition,respectively.The ion sputtering results of two 30 cm diameter ion thrusters(both installed with new grids assembly)after working for 1000 h show that the mass sputtering rate of the accelerator grid hole under vacuum conditions of 5×10^(-3)Pa is 4.54 times that under the condition of 1×10^(-4)Pa,and the comparison error between simulation results and test results of acceleration stress is about 10%.In the subsequent ion thruster lifetime verification,the working vacuum degree can be adjusted according to the acceleration stress level of background pressure,so as to shorten the test time and reduce the test cost.展开更多
The following article has been retracted due to the investigation of complaints received against it. Mr. Mohammadali Ghorbani (corresponding author and also the last author) cheated the authors’ name: Alireza Heidari...The following article has been retracted due to the investigation of complaints received against it. Mr. Mohammadali Ghorbani (corresponding author and also the last author) cheated the authors’ name: Alireza Heidari and Seyedali Vedad. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and we treat all unethical behavior such as plagiarism seriously. This paper published in Vol.3 No.4 304-311, 2012, has been removed from this site.展开更多
Coastal wetlands face dual pressures from high salinity and heavy metal pollution,presenting significant ecological challenges.Halophytes like Sesuvium portulacastrum possess unique physiological mechanisms to mitigat...Coastal wetlands face dual pressures from high salinity and heavy metal pollution,presenting significant ecological challenges.Halophytes like Sesuvium portulacastrum possess unique physiological mechanisms to mitigate metal toxicity.This study investigates how silicon (Si) availability influences the accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in S.portulacastrum.Our results show that Si supplementation at environmentally relevant levels significantly increases Cu and Cd concentrations in the roots,while simultaneously reducing the root-to-shoot translocation of these metals.In situ non-invasive micro-testing revealed decreased metal efflux from the xylem,indicating an enhanced retention of metals in the roots.Furthermore,analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy demonstrated a higher density of oxygen-containing functional groups and SiO-on the extracellular matrix of Si-enriched roots.This structural transformation resulted in a significant reduction in root surface potential,facilitating greater metal ion attraction and uptake.The findings from this study provide critical insights into the mechanisms by which Si availability regulates metal accumulation in halophytes,suggesting potential strategies for mitigating metal pollution in coastal wetland ecosystems.展开更多
Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communi...Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communication has evolved into an increasingly prominent area of research in recent years.Here,we demonstrate DSP-free coherent optical transmission by analog signal processing in frequency synchronous optical network(FSON)architecture,which supports polarization multiplexing and higher-order modulation formats.The FSON architecture that allows the numerous laser sources of optical transceivers within a data center can be quasi-synchronized by means of a tree-distributed homology architecture.In conjunction with our proposed pilot-tone assisted Costas loop for an analog coherent receiver,we achieve a record dual-polarization 224-Gb/s 16-QAM 5-km mismatch transmission with reset-free carrier phase recovery in the optical domain.Our proposed DSP-free analog coherent detection system based on the FSON makes it a promising solution for next-generation,low-power,and high-capacity coherent data center interconnects.展开更多
Radio frequency(RF)cavities for advanced storage rings,also known as diffraction-limited storage rings,are under development.To this end,a competitive and promising approach involves normal-conducting continuous wave ...Radio frequency(RF)cavities for advanced storage rings,also known as diffraction-limited storage rings,are under development.To this end,a competitive and promising approach involves normal-conducting continuous wave technology.The design and preliminary test of a 499.654 MHz RF cavity for the Wuhan Advanced Light Source(WALS)based on specific beam parameters were conducted at the SSRF.Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have been utilized to optimize RF properties,such as the power loss and power density,resulting in better performance in the continuous wave mode.Further improvements were made to suppress multipacting effects in the working area.To operate stably with the beam,higher-order mode dampers were applied to better address the coupling bunch instability than in previous designs,along with thermal analysis to achieve the desired RF performance.Comprehensive simulation studies demonstrated the stable operation of the RF cavity at the defined beam parameters in the WALS design.A prototype RF cavity was then developed,and the RF performance results in a low-power test showed good agreement with the design and simulation,exhibiting readiness for high-power experiments and operation.展开更多
Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subse...Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are missing.We recently introduced a technique to systematically identify when to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more between than within clusters.Here we present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering with statistical testing.These general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as two-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical datasets.We demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.展开更多
In this data explosion era,ensuring the secure storage,access,and transmission of information is imperative,encom-passing all aspects ranging from safeguarding personal devices to formulating national information secu...In this data explosion era,ensuring the secure storage,access,and transmission of information is imperative,encom-passing all aspects ranging from safeguarding personal devices to formulating national information security strategies.Leverag-ing the potential offered by dual-type carriers for transportation and employing optical modulation techniques to develop high reconfigurable ambipolar optoelectronic transistors enables effective implementation of information destruction after read-ing,thereby guaranteeing data security.In this study,a reconfigurable ambipolar optoelectronic synaptic transistor based on poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)and poly[[N,N-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-napthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)](N2200)blend film was fabricated through solution-processed method.The resulting transistor exhib-ited a relatively large ON/OFF ratio of 10^(3) in both n-and p-type regions,and tunable photoconductivity after light illumination,particularly with green light.The photo-generated carriers could be effectively trapped under the gate bias,indicating its poten-tial application in mimicking synaptic behaviors.Furthermore,the synaptic plasticity,including volatile/non-volatile and excita-tory/inhibitory characteristics,could be finely modulated by electrical and optical stimuli.These optoelectronic reconfigurable properties enable the realization of information light assisted burn after reading.This study not only offers valuable insights for the advancement of high-performance ambipolar organic optoelectronic synaptic transistors but also presents innovative ideas for the future information security access systems.展开更多
I am glad to know that the journal of ADVANCED POWDER MATERIALS(APM)is now available to readers at the present time.Powder materials have a series of material development and production advantages,including significan...I am glad to know that the journal of ADVANCED POWDER MATERIALS(APM)is now available to readers at the present time.Powder materials have a series of material development and production advantages,including significant energy saving,material saving,excellent performance and high product precision.At present,powder approaches have been widely used in material transportation,machinery,electronics,aerospace,weapons,biology,new energy,information and nuclear industries.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12125509,11961141003,12275361,U2267205,12175152,12175121)National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFA1602301)Continuous-support Basic Scientific Research Project。
文摘To generate a neutron beam exhibiting a Maxwellian energy distribution with narrow emission angles for measuring the neutron capture reaction rates of the s-process nuclides,a monoenergetic 3.4 MeV proton beam produced by the tandem-accelerator in the China Institute of Atomic Energy was utilized.The proton beam was first transmitted through a 60.5μm aluminum foil and then impinged on a natural LiF target to produce neutron beam via^(7)Li(p,n)7Be reaction.The quasi-Gaussian energy distribution of protons in the LiF target resulted in neutron energy spectra that agreed with a Maxwellian energy distribution at kT=(22±2)keV,which was achieved by integrating neutrons detected within an emission angle of 65.0°±2.6°using a ^(6)Li glass detector positioned at 65°relative to the proton beam direction.The narrow angular spread of the Maxwelliandistributed neutron beam enables direct measurement of neutron capture cross-sections for most s-process nuclides,overcoming previous experimental limitations associated with broad angular distributions.
文摘The increasing global adoption of electric vehicles(EVs)has led to a growing demand for a cost-effective and reliable charging infrastructure.This study presents a novel data-driven approach to assessing EV station performance by analyzing power consumption efficiency,station utilization rates,no-power session occurrences,and CO_(2)reduction metrics.A dataset of 17,500 charging sessions from 305 stations across a regional network was analyzed to identify operational inefficiencies and opportunities for infrastructure optimization.Results indicate a strong correlation between station utilization and energy efficiency,highlighting the importance of strategic station placement.The findings also emphasize the impact of no-power sessions on network inefficiency and the need for real-time station monitoring.CO_(2)reduction analysis demonstrates that optimizing EV charging performance can significantly contribute to sustainability goals.Based on these insights,this study recommends the implementation of predictive maintenance strategies,real-time user notifications,and diversified provider networks to improve station availability and efficiency.The proposed data-driven framework offers actionable solutions for policymakers,charging network operators,and urban planners to enhance EV infrastructure reliability and sustainability.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62374029,22175029,62474033,and W2433038)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20220550)+2 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0250)the Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Committee(JCYJ20210324135614040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.ZYGX2022J032).
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,heat accumulation under continuous illumination remains a critical bottleneck,severely affecting device stability and long-term operational performance.Herein,we present a multifunctional strategy by incorporating highly thermally conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) MXene nanosheets into the perovskite layer to simultaneously enhance thermal management and optoelectronic properties.The Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) nanosheets,embedded at perovskite grain boundaries,construct efficient thermal conduction pathways,significantly improving the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the film.This leads to a notable reduction in the device’s steady-state operating temperature from 42.96 to 39.97 under 100 mW cm^(−2) illumination,thereby alleviating heat-induced performance degradation.Beyond thermal regulation,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X),with high conductivity and negatively charged surface terminations,also serves as an effective defect passivation agent,reducing trap-assisted recombination,while simultaneously facilitating charge extraction and transport by optimizing interfacial energy alignment.As a result,the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC achieve a champion PCE of 25.13%and exhibit outstanding thermal stability,retaining 80%of the initial PCE after 500 h of thermal aging at 85 and 30±5%relative humidity.(In contrast,control PSC retain only 58%after 200 h.)Moreover,under continuous maximum power point tracking in N2 atmosphere,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC retained 70%of the initial PCE after 500 h,whereas the control PSC drop sharply to 20%.These findings highlight the synergistic role of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) in thermal management and optoelectronic performance,paving the way for the development of high-efficiency and heat-resistant perovskite photovoltaics.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12141203,52202083,W2421013)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2024JC-YBMS-450)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024YFHZ0265)the Open Project of High-end Equipment Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology Laboratory(Grant No.2023KFKT0005)。
文摘Designing materials with both structural load-bearing capacity and broadband electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption properties remains a significant challenge.In this work,SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite with gyroid structures were prepared through digital light processing(DLP)3D printing,polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs),chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),and oxidation technologies.The incorporation of the CVISiC phase effectively increases the dissipation capability,while the synergistic interaction between the gyroid structure and SiO_(2)phase significantly improves impedance matching performance.The SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL min)of-62.2 d B at 4.3 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)covered the X-band,with a thickness range of 4.1 mm-4.65 mm.The CST simulation results explain the broadband and low-frequency absorption characteristics,with an EAB of 8.4 GHz(9.6-18 GHz)and an RL min of-21.5 dB at 5 GHz.The excellent EM wave attenuation performance is associated primarily with polarization loss,conduction loss,the gyroid structure's enhancement of multiple reflections and scattering of EM waves,and the resonance effect between the structural units.The SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite also demonstrated strong mechanical properties,with a maximum compressive failure strength of 31.6 MPa in the height direction.This work opens novel prospects for the development of multifunctional structural wave-absorbing materials suitable for broadband microwave absorption and load-bearing properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22371218,82271518,21801194)Xianyang Bureau of Science and Technology(No.L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-260)+2 种基金The Interdisciplinary Innovative Talents Foundation from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University(No.JCRCFZ-2022-030)Guiding Projects of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2023~2024 by Hubei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZY2023F038)the support of the Core Facility of Wuhan University and the Large-scale Instrument and Equipment Sharing Foundation of Wuhan University。
文摘Effective treatment of subcutaneous tumors remains a focal point in cancer therapy.Photothermal therapy,a novel therapeutic approach,has emerged as a promising alternative,offering a less invasive option for the treatment of subcutaneous tumors.This study reports the exploration of novel supramolecular halogen-bonded organic frameworks(XOFs)based on[N…Br^(+)…N]halogen bonds through the ligand exchange strategy and their application in photothermal therapy.Through ligand exchange,XOF(Br)-TPy was successfully prepared,and its structure and properties were thoroughly characterized using NMR,XPS,FT-IR,and XRD techniques.Due to their cationic characteristics,these XOFs serve as effective carriers for the photothermal agent IR820.In vitro experiments demonstrated that the IR820@XOF(Br)-TPy composite exhibits excellent photothermal conversion efficiency under NIR irradiation,effectively inducing tumor cell ablation.Furthermore,in vivo studies confirmed the remarkable antitumor efficacy of the composite material in a subcutaneous tumor model.This work demonstrates that the ligand exchange strategy is a versatile and facile approach for constructing XOFs(Br)and provides a novel strategy for developing advanced photothermal therapeutic agents with significant application potential.
基金funded by the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52121004)the Research Development Fund(No.RDF-21-02-060)by Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University+1 种基金support received from the Suzhou Industrial Park High Quality Innovation Platform of Functional Molecular Materials and Devices(YZCXPT2023105)the XJTLU Advanced Materials Research Center(AMRC).
文摘Seawater zinc-air batteries are promising energy storage devices due to their high energy density and utilization of seawater electrolytes.However,their efficiency is hindered by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and chlorideinduced degradation over conventional catalysts.In this study,we proposed a universal synthetic strategy to construct heteroatom axially coordinated Fe–N_(4) single-atom seawater catalyst materials(Cl–Fe–N_(4) and S–Fe–N_(4)).X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed their five-coordinated square pyramidal structure.Systematic evaluation of catalytic activities revealed that compared with S–Fe–N_(4),Cl–Fe–N_(4) exhibits smaller electrochemical active surface area and specific surface area,yet demonstrates higher limiting current density(5.8 mA cm^(−2)).The assembled zinc-air batteries using Cl–Fe–N_(4) showed superior power density(187.7 mW cm^(−2) at 245.1 mA cm^(−2)),indicating that Cl axial coordination more effectively enhances the intrinsic ORR activity.Moreover,Cl–Fe–N_(4) demonstrates stronger Cl−poisoning resistance in seawater environments.Chronoamperometry tests and zinc-air battery cycling performance evaluations confirmed its enhanced stability.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the introduction of heteroatoms in the axial direction regulates the electron center of Fe single atom,leading to more active reaction intermediates and increased electron density of Fe single sites,thereby enhancing the reduction in adsorbed intermediates and hence the overall ORR catalytic activity.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2025NSFSC0139)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023MD734228)+5 种基金The authors extend their gratitude to Ms.Zhou Yuke(from Scientific Compass www.shiyanjia.com)for providing invaluable assistance with the XPS analysis.ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457This study is part of the Advanced Materials programme and was supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU(PRTR-C17.I1)by Generalitat de Catalunya(In-CAEM Project)The authors thank the support from the project AMaDE(PID2023-149158OB-C43)funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and by“ERDF A way of making Europe”,by the“European Union”.ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI(Grant No.:CEX2021-001214-S)is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program.JY has received funding from the CSC-UAB PhD scholarship program.ICN2 is founding member of e-DREAM[87].
文摘The methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)to formic acid offers a promising alternative to the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water electrolysis.However,the development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts remains a primary challenge.In this study,an enhancement in catalytic MOR performance is achieved through the incorporation of Mn atoms with unsaturated t_(2g)orbitals into Ni_(3)Se_(4).Comprehensive experimental analyses and theoretical calculations reveal that substituting Ni with Mn induces strong electron-withdrawing effects,effectively modulating the local coordination environment of the metal centers.The presence of Mn also elongates Ni–Se(O)bonds,which reduces eg orbital occupancy and modifies the spin state of the material.Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that electrodes based on this optimized material exhibit a high spin state and deliver excellent catalytic activity,achieving a MOR current density up to∼190 mA cm^(−2)at 1.6 V.This performance enhancement is attributed to the favorable electronic configuration and reduced reaction energy barriers associated with the high-spin state.
文摘An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a neural network is used to construct an emulator of the actual drilling and hydraulic fracturing process in the vector space(i.e.,virtual environment);:the Sharpley value method in inter-pretable machine learning is applied to analyzing the impact of geological and operational parameters in each well(i.e.,single well feature impact analysis):and ensemble randomized maximum likelihood(EnRML)is conducted to optimize the operational parameters to comprehensively improve the efficiency of shale gas development and reduce the average cost.In the experiment,InterOpt provides different drilling and fracturing plans for each well according to its specific geological conditions,and finally achieves an average cost reduction of 9.7%for a case study with 104 wells.
基金supported by Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX21_0579)the China Scholarship Council(No.202006850022)+1 种基金supported by Agriculture Research System of China(CARS-41-Z)Science and Technology Project of Nanjing City(No.202002040)。
文摘Advanced glycation end products(AGE) are potential harmful substances formed in the advanced Maillard reaction and increasingly investigated in muscle foods. However, the contribution of oxidation to the AGE formation is controversial. Moreover, reports on glyoxal(GO) induced AGE formation in chicken meat emulsion(CME) are limited. Thus, the effects of GO on emulsifying properties, rheological behavior and AGE formation in CME were investigated. Our findings exhibited that levels of Nε-carboxymethyllysine(CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine(CEL) were associated with lipid oxidation but not significantly(P > 0.05). Levels of AGE peaked when GO concentration ranged from 5 mmol/L(CML) to 10 mmol/L(CEL). The droplets’ aggregation associated with the disulfide bond when the concentration of GO was at 0.5–30 mmol/L while non-disulfide bond association occurred at 30–50 mmol/L GO concentration. In conclusion, compared to the effect of oxidation, GO exhibited the main role in the AGE formation of CME. This study will provide theoretical significance for further understanding and controlling the formation of AGE in CME.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075211 and 51971157)City University of Hong Kong Donation Research Grant(DON-RMG No.9229021)Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCBZ2023009).
文摘Emerging energy technologies,aimed at addressing the challenges of energy scarcity and environmental pollution,have become a focal point for society.However,these actualities present significant challenges for modern energy storage devices.Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have gained considerable attention due to their high energy density.Nonetheless,their use of liquid electrolytes raises safety concerns,including dendritic growth,electrode corrosion,and electrolyte decomposition.In light of these challenges,solid-state batteries(SSBs)have emerged as a highly promising next-generation energy storage solution by leveraging lithium metal as the anode to achieve improved safety and energy density.Metal organic frameworks(MOFs),characterized by their porous structure,ordered crystal frame,and customizable configuration,have garnered interest as potential materials for enhancing solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)in SSBs.The integration of MOFs into SSEs offers opportunities to enhance the electrochemical performance and optimize the interface between SSEs and electrodes.This is made possible by leveraging the high porosity,functionalized structures,and abundant open metal sites of MOFs.However,the rational design of high-performance MOF-based SSEs for high-energy Li metal SSBs(LMSSBs)remains a significant challenge.In this comprehensive review,we present an overview of recent advancements in MOF-based SSEs for LMSSBs,focusing on strategies for interface optimization and property enhancement.We categorize these SSEs into two main types:MOF-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes and MOF-based all solid-state electrolytes.Within these categories,various subtypes are identified based on the combination mode,additional materials,formation state,preparation method,and interface optimization measures employed.The review also highlights the existing challenges associated with MOF materials in SSBs applications and proposes potential solutions and future development prospects to guide the advancement of MOFs-based SSEs.By providing a comprehensive assessment of the applications of MOFs in LMSSBs,this review aims to offer valuable insights and guidance for the development of MOF-based SSEs,addressing the key issues faced by these materials in SSBs technology.
基金supported by CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020)and MED (UIDB/05183/2020)to FCT/MEC through national fundsthe co-funding by the FEDER,within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020,and projects FIRECNUTS (PTDC/AGRCFL/104559/2008)+2 种基金CASCADE (ENV.2011.2.1.4-2/283068),which is funded by the European Unionthe FCT CEEC funding of Frank G.A.Verheijen (CEECIND/02509/2018),Sergio A.Prats (CEECIND/01473/2020),funded by national funds (OE)the SOILCOMBAT project (PTDC/EAM-AMB/0474/2020)through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT/MCTES).
文摘Soil pedestals have long been used as qualitative indicators of soil splash erosion.In rangelands,plant-capped pedestals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the first half of the twentieth century.In agricultural lands,forests,and bad-lands,stone-capped pedestals have been used as qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators of active,'extreme'erosion.Little work has been reported on using capstone pedestal data for quantifying soil loss.We postulate that three distinct capstone pedestal types may be present in any given location and that a detailed analysis of a pedestal height histogram may be used to recognize their populations.This analysis can subsequently inform if soil loss can be reliably estimated and if so,which of the existing methods using pedestal height data will provide more accurate results.The three proposed capstone pedestal types are:(1)neo-pedestals formed underneath surface stones exposed by(partial)removal of the soil surface cover;(2)endo-pedestals formed underneath stones that were buried in the soil but have been exposed by erosion;and(3)phoenix-pedestals formed underneath stones from collapsed pedestals.In the pedestal height histogram of any given location,a skew to smaller heights may indicate the existence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedestals,which may be revealed as a bi-(or tri)modal distribution when using a smaller bin size.This concept was applied to a case study where soil loss had been monitored for control plots and mulched plots during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt plantation.We measured pedestal heights and used methods to quantitatively assess soil loss from soil pedestal data in the available literature.Soil pedestal data at the end of the 5-year period under or overestimated soil loss in the control treatment,with results ranging from 60 to 115%of measured soil loss,depending on the method.It is postulated that phoenix-and endo-pedestals may be a driving factor behind the observed discrepancies.We discuss how future research may provide more insight into dominant processes,and how frequency distributions may be used to select the best methods for estimating soil loss from pedestals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21976206,22136001,22276197,92143201)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0907500)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ22027)。
文摘Metal oxides with oxygen vacancies have a significant impact on catalytic activity for the transformation of organic pollutants in waste-to-energy(WtE)incineration processes.This study aims to investigate the influence of hematite surface oxygen point defects on the formation of environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs)from phenolic compounds based on the first-principles calculations.Two oxygen-deficient conditions were considered:oxygen vacancies at the top surface and on the subsurface.Our simulations indicate that the adsorption strength of phenol on theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)(0001)surface is enhanced by the presence of oxygen vacancies.However,the presence of oxygen vacancies has a negative impact on the dissociation of the phenol molecule,particularly for the surface with a defective point at the top layer.Thermo-kinetic parameters were established over a temperature range of300-1000 K,and lower reaction rate constants were observed for the scission of phenolic O-H bonds over the oxygen-deficient surfaces compared to the pristine surface.The negative effects caused by the oxygen-deficient conditions could be attributed to the local reduction of FeⅢto FeⅡ,which lower the oxidizing ability of surface reaction sites.The findings of this study provide us a promising approach to regulate the formation of EPFRs.
基金supported by Key Laboratory Funds for the Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory,Lanzhou Institute of Physics(Nos.HTKJ2022KL510003 and 6142207210303)Independent project of Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study(No.2022ZZ01009)Science and Technology Project Affiliated to the Education Department of Chongqing Municipality(No.KJZD-K202101506)。
文摘In view of the high cost caused by the 1:1 lifetime verification test of ion thrusters,the lifetime acceleration test should be considered.This work uses the PIC-MCC(Particle-in-Cell MonteCarlo Collision)method to analyze the five failure factors that lead to the failure of the accelerator grid of a 30 cm diameter ion thruster under the working mode of 5 k W.Meanwhile,the acceleration stress levels corresponding to different failure factors are obtained.The results show that background pressure has the highest stress level on the grid's erosion.The accelerator grid aperture's mass sputtering rate under the rated vacuum degree(1×10^(-4)Pa)of 5 k W work mode is 8.78 times that of the baseline vacuum degree(1×10^(-6)Pa),and the mass sputtering rate under worse vacuum degree(5×10^(-3)Pa)is 5.08 times that of 1×10^(-4)Pa.Under the influence of the other four failure factors,namely,the voltage of the accelerator grid,upstream plasma density,the screen grid voltage and mass utilization efficiency,the mass sputtering rates of the accelerator grid hole are 2.32,2.67,1.98 and 2.51 times those of the accelerator grid hole under baseline condition,respectively.The ion sputtering results of two 30 cm diameter ion thrusters(both installed with new grids assembly)after working for 1000 h show that the mass sputtering rate of the accelerator grid hole under vacuum conditions of 5×10^(-3)Pa is 4.54 times that under the condition of 1×10^(-4)Pa,and the comparison error between simulation results and test results of acceleration stress is about 10%.In the subsequent ion thruster lifetime verification,the working vacuum degree can be adjusted according to the acceleration stress level of background pressure,so as to shorten the test time and reduce the test cost.
文摘The following article has been retracted due to the investigation of complaints received against it. Mr. Mohammadali Ghorbani (corresponding author and also the last author) cheated the authors’ name: Alireza Heidari and Seyedali Vedad. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and we treat all unethical behavior such as plagiarism seriously. This paper published in Vol.3 No.4 304-311, 2012, has been removed from this site.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.42376152 and 42306155)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2023B0303000017)+2 种基金the Special Program of Key Sectors in Guangdong Universities (No.2022ZDZX4040)the Innovation Team Project of Universities in Guangdong Province (No.2023KCXTD028)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf,Beibu Gulf University (No.2022KF007)。
文摘Coastal wetlands face dual pressures from high salinity and heavy metal pollution,presenting significant ecological challenges.Halophytes like Sesuvium portulacastrum possess unique physiological mechanisms to mitigate metal toxicity.This study investigates how silicon (Si) availability influences the accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in S.portulacastrum.Our results show that Si supplementation at environmentally relevant levels significantly increases Cu and Cd concentrations in the roots,while simultaneously reducing the root-to-shoot translocation of these metals.In situ non-invasive micro-testing revealed decreased metal efflux from the xylem,indicating an enhanced retention of metals in the roots.Furthermore,analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy demonstrated a higher density of oxygen-containing functional groups and SiO-on the extracellular matrix of Si-enriched roots.This structural transformation resulted in a significant reduction in root surface potential,facilitating greater metal ion attraction and uptake.The findings from this study provide critical insights into the mechanisms by which Si availability regulates metal accumulation in halophytes,suggesting potential strategies for mitigating metal pollution in coastal wetland ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62405250 and 62471404)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M762955)+1 种基金the Key Project of Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics(Grant No.2023GD003)the Optical Com-munication and Sensing Laboratory,School of Engineering,Westlake University.
文摘Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communication has evolved into an increasingly prominent area of research in recent years.Here,we demonstrate DSP-free coherent optical transmission by analog signal processing in frequency synchronous optical network(FSON)architecture,which supports polarization multiplexing and higher-order modulation formats.The FSON architecture that allows the numerous laser sources of optical transceivers within a data center can be quasi-synchronized by means of a tree-distributed homology architecture.In conjunction with our proposed pilot-tone assisted Costas loop for an analog coherent receiver,we achieve a record dual-polarization 224-Gb/s 16-QAM 5-km mismatch transmission with reset-free carrier phase recovery in the optical domain.Our proposed DSP-free analog coherent detection system based on the FSON makes it a promising solution for next-generation,low-power,and high-capacity coherent data center interconnects.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12222513,12105345,12175292,and No.12405178)。
文摘Radio frequency(RF)cavities for advanced storage rings,also known as diffraction-limited storage rings,are under development.To this end,a competitive and promising approach involves normal-conducting continuous wave technology.The design and preliminary test of a 499.654 MHz RF cavity for the Wuhan Advanced Light Source(WALS)based on specific beam parameters were conducted at the SSRF.Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have been utilized to optimize RF properties,such as the power loss and power density,resulting in better performance in the continuous wave mode.Further improvements were made to suppress multipacting effects in the working area.To operate stably with the beam,higher-order mode dampers were applied to better address the coupling bunch instability than in previous designs,along with thermal analysis to achieve the desired RF performance.Comprehensive simulation studies demonstrated the stable operation of the RF cavity at the defined beam parameters in the WALS design.A prototype RF cavity was then developed,and the RF performance results in a low-power test showed good agreement with the design and simulation,exhibiting readiness for high-power experiments and operation.
基金supported in part by NIH grants R01NS39600,U01MH114829RF1MH128693(to GAA)。
文摘Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are missing.We recently introduced a technique to systematically identify when to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more between than within clusters.Here we present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering with statistical testing.These general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as two-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical datasets.We demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.
基金the National Natural-Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62304137)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2023A1515012479,2024A1515011737,and 2024A1515010006)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(Grant No.JCYJ20220818100206013)RSC Researcher Collaborations Grant(Grant No.C23-2422436283)State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration(Independent Scientific Research Program No.2024010)the Project on Frontier and Interdisciplinary Research Assessment,Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XK2023XXA002)NTUT-SZU Joint Research Program.
文摘In this data explosion era,ensuring the secure storage,access,and transmission of information is imperative,encom-passing all aspects ranging from safeguarding personal devices to formulating national information security strategies.Leverag-ing the potential offered by dual-type carriers for transportation and employing optical modulation techniques to develop high reconfigurable ambipolar optoelectronic transistors enables effective implementation of information destruction after read-ing,thereby guaranteeing data security.In this study,a reconfigurable ambipolar optoelectronic synaptic transistor based on poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)and poly[[N,N-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-napthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)](N2200)blend film was fabricated through solution-processed method.The resulting transistor exhib-ited a relatively large ON/OFF ratio of 10^(3) in both n-and p-type regions,and tunable photoconductivity after light illumination,particularly with green light.The photo-generated carriers could be effectively trapped under the gate bias,indicating its poten-tial application in mimicking synaptic behaviors.Furthermore,the synaptic plasticity,including volatile/non-volatile and excita-tory/inhibitory characteristics,could be finely modulated by electrical and optical stimuli.These optoelectronic reconfigurable properties enable the realization of information light assisted burn after reading.This study not only offers valuable insights for the advancement of high-performance ambipolar organic optoelectronic synaptic transistors but also presents innovative ideas for the future information security access systems.
文摘I am glad to know that the journal of ADVANCED POWDER MATERIALS(APM)is now available to readers at the present time.Powder materials have a series of material development and production advantages,including significant energy saving,material saving,excellent performance and high product precision.At present,powder approaches have been widely used in material transportation,machinery,electronics,aerospace,weapons,biology,new energy,information and nuclear industries.
