Metal-support interaction(MSI) is crucial for fine-tuning the active-site structure of supported catalysts and enhancing performance.Here,we present an ammonia-directed reactive gas-metal-support interaction(RGMSI),in...Metal-support interaction(MSI) is crucial for fine-tuning the active-site structure of supported catalysts and enhancing performance.Here,we present an ammonia-directed reactive gas-metal-support interaction(RGMSI),in which NH_(3) reduces ZnO and assembles an anti-perovskite Ni_(3)ZnN structure with interstitial nitrogen,significantly boosting hydrogenation efficiency.Nitrogen incorporation expands the lattice parameter,increasing the(111) lattice spacing from 2.04Å in Ni to 2.18Å in Ni_(3)ZnN,with an extended Ni-Ni interatomic distance from 2.49Å to 2.65Å.Additionally,Ni-N coordination shifts the d-band center downward and induces electron deficiency in Ni via charge transfer.These modifications optimize reactant adsorption on the tailored Ni_(3)ZnN structure compared to Ni,leading to a remarkable increase in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation selectivity from 30.0 % to 92.9 %,along with an enhanced TOF from 0.067 s^(-1) to 0.079 s^(-1).These findings highlight RGMSI as a versatile and effective strategy for designing supported metal catalysts,offering new insights into selective hydrogenation catalysis.展开更多
The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes...The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes are closely associated with differences in adipose tissue deposition across species.Notably,increased abundance of Firmicutes and a reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes and butyrate-producing bacteria have been linked to enhanced fat accumulation.Key microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)influence lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,including the activation of GPR41/43 receptors,modulation of the bile acid–FXR/TGR5 axis,and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis.Additionally,the gut–brain axis plays a critical role in controlling feeding behavior via neuroendocrine signaling.This review summarizes current advances in understanding the roles of dominant bacterial phyla and beneficial genera—including Clostridium butyricum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii—in fat metabolism.We further explore the mechanisms by which gut microbiota modulate lipid synthesis and catabolism through SCFA production,bile acid signaling,and AMPK/PPAR-related pathways.These insights highlight the potential of microbiota-targeted strategies to restore lipid metabolic balance,offering novel opportunities for applications in health management,nutritional interventions,and microbial therapeutics.展开更多
Background Follicular atresia,a complex degenerative process regulated by multiple molecular mechanisms,significantly affects female reproductive performance in animals.While granulosa cell(GC)apoptosis has been well ...Background Follicular atresia,a complex degenerative process regulated by multiple molecular mechanisms,significantly affects female reproductive performance in animals.While granulosa cell(GC)apoptosis has been well established as a primary mechanism underlying follicular atresia,the potential involvement of ferroptosis,which is an irondependent form of regulated cell death,remains largely unexplored in chickens.Results Using a tamoxifen(TMX)-induced avian model of follicular atresia,we demonstrated that ferroptosis plays a critical role in follicular degeneration.Inhibition of ferroptosis through pharmacological agents significantly restored follicular function,underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target.Notably,we observed a significant upregulation of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9,X-linked(USP9X)in GCs during atresia.Through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo investigations,we confirmed that USP9X facilitates follicular atresia by promoting ferroptosis in GCs.Mechanistically,USP9X induces ferroptosis by stabilizing Beclin1 through deubiquitination,thereby activating autophagy-dependent ferroptosis.This pathway was effectively suppressed by autophagy inhibitors,emphasizing the essential role of autophagy in USP9X-mediated ferroptosis.Conclusions Our findings provide the evidence that the USP9X-Beclin1 axis regulates autophagy-dependent ferroptosis during avian follicular atresia.These insights reveal novel molecular targets and potential genetic markers for improving reproductive efficiency in chicken breeding programs.展开更多
Understanding water chemistry in karst regions is crucial for improving global water resource management and deepening our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycles shaping these sensitive environments.Despite advance-me...Understanding water chemistry in karst regions is crucial for improving global water resource management and deepening our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycles shaping these sensitive environments.Despite advance-ments in karst hydrology,significant gaps remain in long-term trends,underlying processes,and quantitative effects of environmental changes.This is especially true in areas like the Wujiang River(WJ)in China,where human activities such as reservoir construction and land use/cover changes have accelerated hydrochemical changes.We combined recent and historical monitoring data to provide a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics,evolution,and controlling factors of major ions in WJ.These findings are important for local water management and contribute to global efforts to manage similar karst systems facing human-induced pressures.Our research shows clear seasonal differences in solute concentrations,with higher levels during the dry season.WJ’s water is rich in calcium,with Ca-HCO_(3) ion pairs being the most common.Reservoir monitor-ing stations show much higher levels of NO_(3)^(−)and SO_(4)^(2−)compared to river-type stations,likely due to longer hydraulic retention time and increased acid deposition.The study confirms the significant role of pH and water temperature in rock weathering processes.Land use/cover changes were identified as the primary drivers of solute variations(46.37%),followed by lithology(13.92%)and temperature(8.35%).Over the past two decades,in-tense carbonate weathering has been observed,especially during wet seasons.Among karstic provinces,Guizhou Province stands out with the highest ion concentrations,indicative of its extensive karst coverage and heightened weathering processes.展开更多
Quantum dots(QDs),a type of nanoscale semiconductor material with unique optical and electrical properties like adjustable emission and high photoluminescence quantum yields,are suitable for applications in optoelectr...Quantum dots(QDs),a type of nanoscale semiconductor material with unique optical and electrical properties like adjustable emission and high photoluminescence quantum yields,are suitable for applications in optoelectronics.However,QDs are typically degraded under humid and high-temperature circumstances,greatly limiting their practical value.Coating the QD surface with an inorganic silica layer is a feasible method for improving stability and endurance in a variety of applications.This paper comprehensively reviews silica coating methodologies on QD surfaces and explores their applications in optoelectronic domains.Firstly,the paper provides mainstream silica coating approaches,which can be divided into two categories:in-situ hydrolysis of silylating reagents on QD surfaces and template techniques for encapsulation QDs.Subsequently,the recent applications of the silica-coated QDs on optoelectronic fields including light-emitting diodes,solar cells,photodetectors were discussed.Finally,it reviews recent advances in silica-coated QD technology and prospects for future applications.展开更多
The preparation of red,green,and blue quantum dot(QD)pixelated arrays with high precision,resolution,and brightness poses a significant challenge on the development of advanced micro-displays for virtual,augmented,and...The preparation of red,green,and blue quantum dot(QD)pixelated arrays with high precision,resolution,and brightness poses a significant challenge on the development of advanced micro-displays for virtual,augmented,and mixed reality applications.Alongside the controlled synthesis of high-performance QDs,a reliable QD patterning technology is crucial in overcoming this challenge.Among the various methods available,photolithography-based patterning technologies show great potentials in producing ultra-fine QD patterns at micron scale.This review article presents the recent advancements in the field of QD patterning using photolithography techniques and explores their applications in micro-display technology.Firstly,we discuss QD patterning through photolithography techniques employing photoresist(PR),which falls into two categories:PRassisted photolithography and photolithography of QDPR.Subsequently,direct photolithography techniques based on photo-induced crosslinking of photosensitive groups and photo-induced ligand cleavage mechanisms are thoroughly reviewed.Meanwhile,we assess the performance of QD arrays fabricated using these photolithography techniques and their integration into QD light emitting diode display devices as well as color conversionbased micro light emitting diode display devices.Lastly,we summarize the most recent developments in this field and outline future prospects.展开更多
The low egg production of goose greatly limits the development of the industry.China possesses the most abundant goose breeds resources.In this study,genome resequencing data of swan goose(Anser cygnoides)and domestic...The low egg production of goose greatly limits the development of the industry.China possesses the most abundant goose breeds resources.In this study,genome resequencing data of swan goose(Anser cygnoides)and domesticated high and low laying goose breeds(Anser cygnoides domestiation)were used to identify key genes related to egg laying ability in geese and verify their functions.Selective sweep analyses revealed 416 genes that were specifically selected during the domestication process from swan geese to high laying geese.Furthermore,SNPs and Indels markers were used in GWAS analyses between high and low laying breed geese.The results showed that RTCB,BPIFC,SYN3,SYNE1,VIP,and ESR1 may be related to the differences in laying ability of geese.Notably,only ESR1 was identified simultaneously by GWAS and selective sweep analysis.The genotype of Indelchr3:54429172,located downstream of ESR1,was confirmed to affect the expression of ESR1 in the ovarian stroma and showed significant correlation with body weight at first egg and laying frequency of geese.CCK-8,EdU,and flow cytometry confirmed that ESR1 can promote the apoptosis of goose pre-hierarchical follicles ganulosa cells(phGCs)and inhibit their proliferation.Combined with transcriptome data,it was found ESR1 involved in the function of goose phGCs may be related to MAPK and TGF-beta signaling pathways.Overall,our study used genomic information from different goose breeds to identify an indel located in the downstream of ESR1 associated with goose laying ability.The main pathways and biological processes of ESR1 involved in the regulation of goose laying ability were identified by cell biology and transcriptomics methods.These results are helpful to further understand the laying ability characteristics of goose and improve the egg production of geese.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)chemistry reaction opens a new battery era with high energy density;meanwhile,multiple electrons migration leads to the complex phase transition of sulfur species.To manipulate the binding strength...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)chemistry reaction opens a new battery era with high energy density;meanwhile,multiple electrons migration leads to the complex phase transition of sulfur species.To manipulate the binding strength of multiple key intermediates more efficiently,the bimetallic TiVC MXene is utilized to realize multi-dimensional catalysis.Based on the macroscopic three-dimensional(3D)structure using two-dimensional(2D)MXene architecture,electron conductivity and sulfur utilization are improved.Microscopically,Ti-V catalytic systems regulate multiple reaction intermediates through intermetallic synergies customized surface properties and atomic scale coordination,thereby improving electronic and ionic conductivity.In-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis show that the conversion rate of polysulfides was accelerated during the charge-discharge process.The Ti-V interaction exhibits unique catalytic activity and regulates multiple continuous processes of sulfur species phase transformation,which are essential for the excellent energy performance of Li-S batteries.This study not only clarifies the catalytic mechanism of Ti-V at different dimensions but also proposes a promising strategy for the design of advanced catalytic systems in energy storage technology.展开更多
Currently,the carbothermal reduction-nitridation(CRN)process is the predominant method for preparing aluminum nitride(AlN)powder.Although AlN powder prepared by CRN process exhibits high purity and excellent sintering...Currently,the carbothermal reduction-nitridation(CRN)process is the predominant method for preparing aluminum nitride(AlN)powder.Although AlN powder prepared by CRN process exhibits high purity and excellent sintering activity,it also presents challenges such as the necessity for high reaction temperatures and difficulties in achieving uniform mixing of its raw materials.This study presents a comprehensive investigation into preparation process of AlN nanopowders using a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and CRN.In the hydrothermal reaction,a homogeneous composite precursor consisting of carbon and boehmite(γ-AlOOH)is synthesized at 200℃using aluminum nitrate as the aluminum source,sucrose as the carbon source,and urea as the precipitant.During the hydrothermal process,the precursor develops a core-shell structure,with boehmite tightly coated with carbon(γ-AlOOH@C)due to electrostatic attraction.Compared with conventional precursor,the hydrothermal hybrid offers many advantages,such as ultrafine particles,uniform particle size distribution,good dispersion,high reactivity,and environmental friendliness.The carbon shell enhances thermodynamic stability of γ-Al_(2)O_(3) compared to the corundum phase(α-Al_(2)O_(3))by preventing the loss of the surface area in alumina.This stability enables γ-Al_(2)O_(3) to maintain high reactivity during CRN process,which initiates at 1300℃,and concludes at 1400℃.The underlying mechanisms are substantiated through experiments and thermodynamic calculations.This research provides a robust theoretical and experimental foundation for the hydrothermal combined carbothermal preparation of non-oxide ceramic nanopowders.展开更多
Theoretically,blue phosphorescent materials are capable of achieving 100%internal quantum effi-ciency.Nevertheless,the mutual constraints among efficiency,color purity,and stability remain one of the key bottlenecks i...Theoretically,blue phosphorescent materials are capable of achieving 100%internal quantum effi-ciency.Nevertheless,the mutual constraints among efficiency,color purity,and stability remain one of the key bottlenecks in the industrialization of organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).In addition,the design and application of host materials also exert a significant impact on the overall performance of blue light-emitting de-vices.To address this issue,this study constructs a series of host materials with high triplet energy levels by designing different connection modes,based on 9-phenylcarbazole and benzimidazole units.Through a combi-nation of theoretical and experimental approaches,the correlation between the chemical structure and perfor-mance has been unraveled.It is found that the designed and synthesized blue phosphorescent bipolar host ma-terials based on different biphenyl linking sites,i.e.,9-(3'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-bi-phenyl]-3-yl)-9H-carbazole(mCzmBI),9-(2'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-9H-carbazole(mCzoBI)and 9-(3'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-9H-carbazole(oCzmBI).The three compounds have a similar triplet energy level of 2.70 eV,accompanied with the glass transition temperatures of 92℃,103℃,and 93℃respectively.mCzmBI,mCzoBI and oCzmBI are regioiso-mers,but differ in the linking sites of carbazole and benzimidazole on the biphenyl linker.This difference in linking positions enables effective regulation of the host materials’properties.Constructed with the blue phos-phorescent material bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2)picolinatoiridium(Ⅲ)(FIrpic)as the vip,the influence of the three hosts on device performance is clarified.Overall,the device using mCzmBI,a host linked by biphenyl at double meta-positions,achieved a maximum current efficiency of 24.9 cd·A^(-1)and a max-imum external quantum efficiency exceeding 12.8%,it also demonstrates low efficiency roll-off under highbrightness conditions.This work offers an effective strategy to the development of high-efficiency blue phospho-rescent hosts.展开更多
Two tetrasubstituted carbazole derivatives TBICz and TOXDCz have been designed and synthesized,which possess the twist skeletons and exhibit excellent thermal and morphological stabilities.Utilizing these novel compou...Two tetrasubstituted carbazole derivatives TBICz and TOXDCz have been designed and synthesized,which possess the twist skeletons and exhibit excellent thermal and morphological stabilities.Utilizing these novel compounds as host material,high efficiency solution-processed green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes(PhOLEDs)have been achieved.The high triplet energies of TBICz and TOXDCz ensure efficient energy transfer from the host to the phosphor and triplet exciton confinement on the phosphor.Solution-processable green phospho⁃rescent devices employing Ir(ppy)3 as vip and the two tetrasubstituted carbazole derivatives as hosts exhibit high ef⁃ficiencies.The best EL performance is achieved for the TBICz-based device,with a maximum current efficiency of 27.3 cd/A,a maximum power efficiency of 15.9 lm/W,and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.8%,which provides more host material options for solution-processed OLEDs.展开更多
The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts c...The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts contained Pd species in mixed valence states,with high valence Pd at the metal‑support interface and zero valence Pd at the metal surface.While the strong coordination of triphenylphosphine(PPh3)to Pd0 on the Pd surface prevents the adsorption of halogenated nitroaromatics and thus dehalogenation,the coordination of sodium metavanadate(NaVO3)to high‑valence Pd sites at the interface helps to activate H2 in a heterolytic pathway for the selective hydrogenation of nitro‑groups.The excellent catalytic performance of the interfacial active sites enables the selective hydrogenation of a wide range of halogenated nitroaromatics.展开更多
Using sodium laureth sulfate(AES)as reference,the effects of different pH values on the foam properties of four amino acid surfactants(sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine,disodium cocoyl glutamate,sodium methyl...Using sodium laureth sulfate(AES)as reference,the effects of different pH values on the foam properties of four amino acid surfactants(sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine,disodium cocoyl glutamate,sodium methyl cocoyl taurate)were compared.On the basis,the effects of amino acid surfactants on foam performance,flocculation behavior,hair color protection efficacy and sebum removal capacity were studied when AES was completely or partially replaced by amino acid surfactant,and the correlation between the structure of amino acid surfactant and these properties was discussed.Compared with AES,the foam performance of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine and disodium cocoyl glutamate were significantly affected by pH value,and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate was less affected.The foam stability of shampoo system can be enhanced by the combination of amino acid surfactant,and the foam performance of shampoo system can be significantly improved by the combination of sodium methyl cocoyl taurate.All the four amino acid surfactants can prolong the flocculation time of shampoo,and the effect of disodium cocoyl glutamate was the most obvious.The hair color protection efficacy of disodium cocoyl glutamate and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate were better than AES.The degreasing power of disodium cocoyl glutamate was weaker than that of AES,and the degreasing power of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate were stronger than that of AES.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are facing the challenges of low stability of Zn anodes with dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction in promoting commercial applications.We report herein a dualconfiguration b...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are facing the challenges of low stability of Zn anodes with dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction in promoting commercial applications.We report herein a dualconfiguration bifunctional DL-citrulline(DL-Cit)as an electrolyte additive to stabilize Zn anodes for ultralong cycle-life aqueous energy storage.Trace amounts of DL-Cit reconstruct the solvation structure of Zn^(2+)via strong interactions with Zn^(2+),while DL-Cit is preferentially adsorbed on Zn anode surfaces to orchestrate the ion flux and ensure uniform Zn deposition.The well-formed flat Zn(002)texture not only enhances the electrochemical stability of Zn anodes but also exhibits more significant orientation priority upon increasing current density.These properties endow Zn anodes with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.7% after 1500 cycles and a long cycle life of over 3000 h,achieving an ultrahigh cumulative plating capacity of 4.8 Ah cm^(-2)even under rigorous plating/stripping conditions(8 mA cm^(-2)).Consequently,the Zn||MnO_(2)full cells provide a high capacity of 143.35 mA h g-1after continuous cycling for more than3000 cycles.The Zn||activated carbon hybrid capacitors with DL-Cit additives operate stably beyond30,000 cycles.This versatile electrolyte strategy provides an effective solution for the practical application of Zn-based energy storage devices.展开更多
In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has demonstrated immense potential in driving breakthroughs in the semiconductor industry,particularly in full-color display technologies.Benefiting from the deep integration...In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has demonstrated immense potential in driving breakthroughs in the semiconductor industry,particularly in full-color display technologies.Benefiting from the deep integration of AI,these technologies are experiencing unprecedented innovation and industrial transformation,garnering significant attention.These advancements provide a solid foundation for displays with higher color gamut and resolution.In addition,the integration of deep learning with dimming technologies has enabled new display systems to deliver superior viewing experiences with reduced energy consumption.This review highlights recent progress in four key areas of AI application in full-color display technologies:epitaxial structure design,defect detection and repair,perovskite synthesis,and dynamic dimming.AI-driven advancements in these domains are paving the way for smarter,more efficient display technologies.By leveraging AI’s powerful data processing and optimization capabilities,full-color display systems are poised to achieve enhanced performance,energy efficiency,and user satisfaction,marking a significant step toward a more intelligent and innovative future.展开更多
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)RR)is a promising strategy for achieving carbon neutralization.The Ni-N_(4) site is well known as the active site in metal single atoms on N-doped carbon catalysts...The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)RR)is a promising strategy for achieving carbon neutralization.The Ni-N_(4) site is well known as the active site in metal single atoms on N-doped carbon catalysts,while its symmetric charge distribution nature is not favorable for electron transfer and then hindering the efficient CO_(2)RR.Herein,we constructed a Ni SA/CNs single-atom catalyst.Notably,it features unique Ni-N_(4)-O active sites,featuring one axial O atom and four planar N atoms,constituting a broken symmetrical electronic structure of Ni-N_(4) sites.Furthermore,hierarchical pore structures were obtained with the assistance of NaNO_(3) pore-forming agent during thermal treatment process,which promote electronic and mass transfer.And the resulting high specific surface area can host more Ni-N_(4)-O active sites.These specialized active sites promote the key intermediate(∗CO)adsorption/desorption and suppresses hydrogen evolution.Consequently,the Ni SA/CNs catalyst exhibits a high turnover frequency(TOF)value,reaching 34,081 h^(-1) at-0.98 V vs.RHE.Additionally,it achieves an excellent CO Faradaic efficiency,exceeding 90%,over a wide potential range from-0.4 V to-1.0 V vs.RHE.This work not only offers a new method for the rational synthesize single-atom catalysts with unique Ni-N_(4)-O active sites,but also provides in-depth insight into the origin of catalytic activity of porous carbon-base catalysts.展开更多
Efficient recognition and selective capture of NH_(3)is not only beneficial for increasing the productivity of the synthetic NH_(3)industry but also for reducing air pollution.For this purpose,a group of deep eutectic...Efficient recognition and selective capture of NH_(3)is not only beneficial for increasing the productivity of the synthetic NH_(3)industry but also for reducing air pollution.For this purpose,a group of deep eutectic solvents(DESs)consisting of glycolic acid(GA)and phenol(PhOH)with low viscosities and multiple active sites was rationally designed in this work.Experimental results show that the GA^(+)PhOH DESs display extremely fast NH_(3)absorption rates(within 51 s for equilibrium)and high NH_(3)solubility.At 313.2 K,the NH_(3)absorption capacities of GA^(+)PhOH(1:1)reach 6.75 mol/kg(at 10.7 kPa)and 14.72 mol/kg(at 201.0 kPa).The NH_(3)solubility of GA^(+)PhOH DESs at low pressures were minimally changed after more than 100 days of air exposure.In addition,the NH_(3)solubility of GA^(+)PhOH DESs remain highly stable in 10 consecutive absorption-desorption cycles.More importantly,NH_(3)can be selectively captured by GA^(+)PhOH DESs from NH_(3)/CO_(2)/N_(2)and NH_(3)/N_(2)/H_(2)mixtures.1H-NMR,Fourier transform infrared and theoretical calculations were performed to reveal the intrinsic mechanism for the efficient recognition of NH_(3)by GA^(+)PhOH DESs.展开更多
Micro light sources are crucial tools for studying the interactions between light and matter at the micro/nanoscale,encompassing diverse applications across multiple disciplines.Despite numerous studies on reducing th...Micro light sources are crucial tools for studying the interactions between light and matter at the micro/nanoscale,encompassing diverse applications across multiple disciplines.Despite numerous studies on reducing the size of micro light sources and enhancing optical resolution,the efficient and simple fabrication of ultra-high-resolution micro light sources remains challenging due to its reliance on precise micro-nano processing technology and advanced processing equipment.In this study,a simple approach for the efficient fabrication of submicron light sources is proposed,namely shadow-assisted sidewall emission(SASE)technology.The SASE utilizes the widely adopted UV photolithography process,employing metal shadow modulation to precisely control the emission of light from polymer sidewalls,thereby obtaining photoluminescent light sources with submicron line widths.The SASE eliminates the need for complex and cumbersome manufacturing procedures.The effects of process parameters,including exposure dose,development time,and metal film thickness,on the linewidth of sources are investigated on detail.It is successfully demonstrated red,green,and blue submicron light sources.Finally,their potential application in the field of optical anti-counterfeiting is also demonstrated.We believe that the SASE proposed in this work provides a novel approach for the preparation and application of micro light sources.展开更多
Dimethyl carbonate(DMC)is an important chemical raw material extensively used in organic synthesis,lithium-ion battery electrolytes,etc.The primary method for industrial synthesis of DMC involves transesterification b...Dimethyl carbonate(DMC)is an important chemical raw material extensively used in organic synthesis,lithium-ion battery electrolytes,etc.The primary method for industrial synthesis of DMC involves transesterification between ethylene carbonate and MeOH but faces issues with difficult catalyst separation and low catalytic activity.Based on the synergistic catalytic activity of cation and anion,this study develops poly(ionic liquid)s of[N_(X)PIL][PHO]and[N_(3)PIL][Y]with varying alkaline sites and alkalinity levels.This is accomplished by constructing functional polymer monomers containing free radical polymerization sites and nitrogencontaining alkaline groups,and by polymerizing them with suitable crosslinking monomers in a specific ratio before exchanging the resulting polymers with different anions.Results show that doping with nitrogen-containing alkaline groups leads to enhanced basic functional sites while appropriate anions provide intensified alkalinity levels.The[N_(3)PIL][PHO]obtained exhibits superior catalytic activity in transesterification synthesis of DMC,with a yield of 91.43%and selectivity of 99.96%at a reaction time of 2 h.The study also investigates the impact of poly(ionic liquid)cationic structure and anion types,as well as their interactions,on catalytic performance.The findings reveal that the catalytic activity of poly(ionic liquid)is restricted by the interactions between cation and anion.Based on these findings,a possible reaction mechanism was proposed,providing theoretical support for the high-efficiency production of DMC.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22072164,22472180,22002173)Energy Revolution S&T Program of Yulin Innovation Institute of Clean Energy (No.E411030705)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No.2022-MS004)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2020M680999)the Research Fund of Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science。
文摘Metal-support interaction(MSI) is crucial for fine-tuning the active-site structure of supported catalysts and enhancing performance.Here,we present an ammonia-directed reactive gas-metal-support interaction(RGMSI),in which NH_(3) reduces ZnO and assembles an anti-perovskite Ni_(3)ZnN structure with interstitial nitrogen,significantly boosting hydrogenation efficiency.Nitrogen incorporation expands the lattice parameter,increasing the(111) lattice spacing from 2.04Å in Ni to 2.18Å in Ni_(3)ZnN,with an extended Ni-Ni interatomic distance from 2.49Å to 2.65Å.Additionally,Ni-N coordination shifts the d-band center downward and induces electron deficiency in Ni via charge transfer.These modifications optimize reactant adsorption on the tailored Ni_(3)ZnN structure compared to Ni,leading to a remarkable increase in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation selectivity from 30.0 % to 92.9 %,along with an enhanced TOF from 0.067 s^(-1) to 0.079 s^(-1).These findings highlight RGMSI as a versatile and effective strategy for designing supported metal catalysts,offering new insights into selective hydrogenation catalysis.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1001500)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFYZ0007,2024NSFSC0298,SCCXTD-2025-8)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32421005)。
文摘The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes are closely associated with differences in adipose tissue deposition across species.Notably,increased abundance of Firmicutes and a reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes and butyrate-producing bacteria have been linked to enhanced fat accumulation.Key microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)influence lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,including the activation of GPR41/43 receptors,modulation of the bile acid–FXR/TGR5 axis,and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis.Additionally,the gut–brain axis plays a critical role in controlling feeding behavior via neuroendocrine signaling.This review summarizes current advances in understanding the roles of dominant bacterial phyla and beneficial genera—including Clostridium butyricum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii—in fat metabolism.We further explore the mechanisms by which gut microbiota modulate lipid synthesis and catabolism through SCFA production,bile acid signaling,and AMPK/PPAR-related pathways.These insights highlight the potential of microbiota-targeted strategies to restore lipid metabolic balance,offering novel opportunities for applications in health management,nutritional interventions,and microbial therapeutics.
基金funded by The National Key Research and Development Program of China,grant number 2022YFF1000202Sichuan Science and Technology Program,grant number 2023NSFSC1940,2021YFYZ0007 and 2024YFNH0025+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants,grant number 32402745China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,grant number CARS-40。
文摘Background Follicular atresia,a complex degenerative process regulated by multiple molecular mechanisms,significantly affects female reproductive performance in animals.While granulosa cell(GC)apoptosis has been well established as a primary mechanism underlying follicular atresia,the potential involvement of ferroptosis,which is an irondependent form of regulated cell death,remains largely unexplored in chickens.Results Using a tamoxifen(TMX)-induced avian model of follicular atresia,we demonstrated that ferroptosis plays a critical role in follicular degeneration.Inhibition of ferroptosis through pharmacological agents significantly restored follicular function,underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target.Notably,we observed a significant upregulation of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9,X-linked(USP9X)in GCs during atresia.Through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo investigations,we confirmed that USP9X facilitates follicular atresia by promoting ferroptosis in GCs.Mechanistically,USP9X induces ferroptosis by stabilizing Beclin1 through deubiquitination,thereby activating autophagy-dependent ferroptosis.This pathway was effectively suppressed by autophagy inhibitors,emphasizing the essential role of autophagy in USP9X-mediated ferroptosis.Conclusions Our findings provide the evidence that the USP9X-Beclin1 axis regulates autophagy-dependent ferroptosis during avian follicular atresia.These insights reveal novel molecular targets and potential genetic markers for improving reproductive efficiency in chicken breeding programs.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2023A1515110824 and 2025A1515011839)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.RCBS20231211090638066).
文摘Understanding water chemistry in karst regions is crucial for improving global water resource management and deepening our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycles shaping these sensitive environments.Despite advance-ments in karst hydrology,significant gaps remain in long-term trends,underlying processes,and quantitative effects of environmental changes.This is especially true in areas like the Wujiang River(WJ)in China,where human activities such as reservoir construction and land use/cover changes have accelerated hydrochemical changes.We combined recent and historical monitoring data to provide a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics,evolution,and controlling factors of major ions in WJ.These findings are important for local water management and contribute to global efforts to manage similar karst systems facing human-induced pressures.Our research shows clear seasonal differences in solute concentrations,with higher levels during the dry season.WJ’s water is rich in calcium,with Ca-HCO_(3) ion pairs being the most common.Reservoir monitor-ing stations show much higher levels of NO_(3)^(−)and SO_(4)^(2−)compared to river-type stations,likely due to longer hydraulic retention time and increased acid deposition.The study confirms the significant role of pH and water temperature in rock weathering processes.Land use/cover changes were identified as the primary drivers of solute variations(46.37%),followed by lithology(13.92%)and temperature(8.35%).Over the past two decades,in-tense carbonate weathering has been observed,especially during wet seasons.Among karstic provinces,Guizhou Province stands out with the highest ion concentrations,indicative of its extensive karst coverage and heightened weathering processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62374142 and 22005255)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.20720220085 and 20720240064)+2 种基金External Cooperation Program of Fujian(No.2022I0004)Major Science and Technology Project of Xiamen in China(No.3502Z20191015)Xiamen Natural Science Foundation Youth Project(No.3502Z202471002)。
文摘Quantum dots(QDs),a type of nanoscale semiconductor material with unique optical and electrical properties like adjustable emission and high photoluminescence quantum yields,are suitable for applications in optoelectronics.However,QDs are typically degraded under humid and high-temperature circumstances,greatly limiting their practical value.Coating the QD surface with an inorganic silica layer is a feasible method for improving stability and endurance in a variety of applications.This paper comprehensively reviews silica coating methodologies on QD surfaces and explores their applications in optoelectronic domains.Firstly,the paper provides mainstream silica coating approaches,which can be divided into two categories:in-situ hydrolysis of silylating reagents on QD surfaces and template techniques for encapsulation QDs.Subsequently,the recent applications of the silica-coated QDs on optoelectronic fields including light-emitting diodes,solar cells,photodetectors were discussed.Finally,it reviews recent advances in silica-coated QD technology and prospects for future applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62374142,12175189 and 11904302)External Cooperation Program of Fujian(2022I0004)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720190005 and 20720220085)Major Science and Technology Project of Xiamen in China(3502Z20191015).
文摘The preparation of red,green,and blue quantum dot(QD)pixelated arrays with high precision,resolution,and brightness poses a significant challenge on the development of advanced micro-displays for virtual,augmented,and mixed reality applications.Alongside the controlled synthesis of high-performance QDs,a reliable QD patterning technology is crucial in overcoming this challenge.Among the various methods available,photolithography-based patterning technologies show great potentials in producing ultra-fine QD patterns at micron scale.This review article presents the recent advancements in the field of QD patterning using photolithography techniques and explores their applications in micro-display technology.Firstly,we discuss QD patterning through photolithography techniques employing photoresist(PR),which falls into two categories:PRassisted photolithography and photolithography of QDPR.Subsequently,direct photolithography techniques based on photo-induced crosslinking of photosensitive groups and photo-induced ligand cleavage mechanisms are thoroughly reviewed.Meanwhile,we assess the performance of QD arrays fabricated using these photolithography techniques and their integration into QD light emitting diode display devices as well as color conversionbased micro light emitting diode display devices.Lastly,we summarize the most recent developments in this field and outline future prospects.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-42-4)School Cooperation Project of Ya’an(21SXHZ0028)the Key Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province,China(2021YFYZ0014),for the financial support。
文摘The low egg production of goose greatly limits the development of the industry.China possesses the most abundant goose breeds resources.In this study,genome resequencing data of swan goose(Anser cygnoides)and domesticated high and low laying goose breeds(Anser cygnoides domestiation)were used to identify key genes related to egg laying ability in geese and verify their functions.Selective sweep analyses revealed 416 genes that were specifically selected during the domestication process from swan geese to high laying geese.Furthermore,SNPs and Indels markers were used in GWAS analyses between high and low laying breed geese.The results showed that RTCB,BPIFC,SYN3,SYNE1,VIP,and ESR1 may be related to the differences in laying ability of geese.Notably,only ESR1 was identified simultaneously by GWAS and selective sweep analysis.The genotype of Indelchr3:54429172,located downstream of ESR1,was confirmed to affect the expression of ESR1 in the ovarian stroma and showed significant correlation with body weight at first egg and laying frequency of geese.CCK-8,EdU,and flow cytometry confirmed that ESR1 can promote the apoptosis of goose pre-hierarchical follicles ganulosa cells(phGCs)and inhibit their proliferation.Combined with transcriptome data,it was found ESR1 involved in the function of goose phGCs may be related to MAPK and TGF-beta signaling pathways.Overall,our study used genomic information from different goose breeds to identify an indel located in the downstream of ESR1 associated with goose laying ability.The main pathways and biological processes of ESR1 involved in the regulation of goose laying ability were identified by cell biology and transcriptomics methods.These results are helpful to further understand the laying ability characteristics of goose and improve the egg production of geese.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51932005)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1807175)+1 种基金the Development Plan of Science and Technology of Jilin Province,China(YDZJ202301ZYTS280)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(YDZJ202401316ZYTS)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)chemistry reaction opens a new battery era with high energy density;meanwhile,multiple electrons migration leads to the complex phase transition of sulfur species.To manipulate the binding strength of multiple key intermediates more efficiently,the bimetallic TiVC MXene is utilized to realize multi-dimensional catalysis.Based on the macroscopic three-dimensional(3D)structure using two-dimensional(2D)MXene architecture,electron conductivity and sulfur utilization are improved.Microscopically,Ti-V catalytic systems regulate multiple reaction intermediates through intermetallic synergies customized surface properties and atomic scale coordination,thereby improving electronic and ionic conductivity.In-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis show that the conversion rate of polysulfides was accelerated during the charge-discharge process.The Ti-V interaction exhibits unique catalytic activity and regulates multiple continuous processes of sulfur species phase transformation,which are essential for the excellent energy performance of Li-S batteries.This study not only clarifies the catalytic mechanism of Ti-V at different dimensions but also proposes a promising strategy for the design of advanced catalytic systems in energy storage technology.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3708500,2023YFB3611000)Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(2020ZZ109)。
文摘Currently,the carbothermal reduction-nitridation(CRN)process is the predominant method for preparing aluminum nitride(AlN)powder.Although AlN powder prepared by CRN process exhibits high purity and excellent sintering activity,it also presents challenges such as the necessity for high reaction temperatures and difficulties in achieving uniform mixing of its raw materials.This study presents a comprehensive investigation into preparation process of AlN nanopowders using a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and CRN.In the hydrothermal reaction,a homogeneous composite precursor consisting of carbon and boehmite(γ-AlOOH)is synthesized at 200℃using aluminum nitrate as the aluminum source,sucrose as the carbon source,and urea as the precipitant.During the hydrothermal process,the precursor develops a core-shell structure,with boehmite tightly coated with carbon(γ-AlOOH@C)due to electrostatic attraction.Compared with conventional precursor,the hydrothermal hybrid offers many advantages,such as ultrafine particles,uniform particle size distribution,good dispersion,high reactivity,and environmental friendliness.The carbon shell enhances thermodynamic stability of γ-Al_(2)O_(3) compared to the corundum phase(α-Al_(2)O_(3))by preventing the loss of the surface area in alumina.This stability enables γ-Al_(2)O_(3) to maintain high reactivity during CRN process,which initiates at 1300℃,and concludes at 1400℃.The underlying mechanisms are substantiated through experiments and thermodynamic calculations.This research provides a robust theoretical and experimental foundation for the hydrothermal combined carbothermal preparation of non-oxide ceramic nanopowders.
文摘Theoretically,blue phosphorescent materials are capable of achieving 100%internal quantum effi-ciency.Nevertheless,the mutual constraints among efficiency,color purity,and stability remain one of the key bottlenecks in the industrialization of organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).In addition,the design and application of host materials also exert a significant impact on the overall performance of blue light-emitting de-vices.To address this issue,this study constructs a series of host materials with high triplet energy levels by designing different connection modes,based on 9-phenylcarbazole and benzimidazole units.Through a combi-nation of theoretical and experimental approaches,the correlation between the chemical structure and perfor-mance has been unraveled.It is found that the designed and synthesized blue phosphorescent bipolar host ma-terials based on different biphenyl linking sites,i.e.,9-(3'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-bi-phenyl]-3-yl)-9H-carbazole(mCzmBI),9-(2'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-9H-carbazole(mCzoBI)and 9-(3'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-9H-carbazole(oCzmBI).The three compounds have a similar triplet energy level of 2.70 eV,accompanied with the glass transition temperatures of 92℃,103℃,and 93℃respectively.mCzmBI,mCzoBI and oCzmBI are regioiso-mers,but differ in the linking sites of carbazole and benzimidazole on the biphenyl linker.This difference in linking positions enables effective regulation of the host materials’properties.Constructed with the blue phos-phorescent material bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2)picolinatoiridium(Ⅲ)(FIrpic)as the vip,the influence of the three hosts on device performance is clarified.Overall,the device using mCzmBI,a host linked by biphenyl at double meta-positions,achieved a maximum current efficiency of 24.9 cd·A^(-1)and a max-imum external quantum efficiency exceeding 12.8%,it also demonstrates low efficiency roll-off under highbrightness conditions.This work offers an effective strategy to the development of high-efficiency blue phospho-rescent hosts.
文摘Two tetrasubstituted carbazole derivatives TBICz and TOXDCz have been designed and synthesized,which possess the twist skeletons and exhibit excellent thermal and morphological stabilities.Utilizing these novel compounds as host material,high efficiency solution-processed green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes(PhOLEDs)have been achieved.The high triplet energies of TBICz and TOXDCz ensure efficient energy transfer from the host to the phosphor and triplet exciton confinement on the phosphor.Solution-processable green phospho⁃rescent devices employing Ir(ppy)3 as vip and the two tetrasubstituted carbazole derivatives as hosts exhibit high ef⁃ficiencies.The best EL performance is achieved for the TBICz-based device,with a maximum current efficiency of 27.3 cd/A,a maximum power efficiency of 15.9 lm/W,and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.8%,which provides more host material options for solution-processed OLEDs.
文摘The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts contained Pd species in mixed valence states,with high valence Pd at the metal‑support interface and zero valence Pd at the metal surface.While the strong coordination of triphenylphosphine(PPh3)to Pd0 on the Pd surface prevents the adsorption of halogenated nitroaromatics and thus dehalogenation,the coordination of sodium metavanadate(NaVO3)to high‑valence Pd sites at the interface helps to activate H2 in a heterolytic pathway for the selective hydrogenation of nitro‑groups.The excellent catalytic performance of the interfacial active sites enables the selective hydrogenation of a wide range of halogenated nitroaromatics.
文摘Using sodium laureth sulfate(AES)as reference,the effects of different pH values on the foam properties of four amino acid surfactants(sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine,disodium cocoyl glutamate,sodium methyl cocoyl taurate)were compared.On the basis,the effects of amino acid surfactants on foam performance,flocculation behavior,hair color protection efficacy and sebum removal capacity were studied when AES was completely or partially replaced by amino acid surfactant,and the correlation between the structure of amino acid surfactant and these properties was discussed.Compared with AES,the foam performance of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine and disodium cocoyl glutamate were significantly affected by pH value,and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate was less affected.The foam stability of shampoo system can be enhanced by the combination of amino acid surfactant,and the foam performance of shampoo system can be significantly improved by the combination of sodium methyl cocoyl taurate.All the four amino acid surfactants can prolong the flocculation time of shampoo,and the effect of disodium cocoyl glutamate was the most obvious.The hair color protection efficacy of disodium cocoyl glutamate and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate were better than AES.The degreasing power of disodium cocoyl glutamate was weaker than that of AES,and the degreasing power of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate were stronger than that of AES.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375170,21875111)the Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory(HRTP-[2022]-45)the Plans for the Recruitment of Top-notch Talent by Fujian Province and Xiamen City。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are facing the challenges of low stability of Zn anodes with dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction in promoting commercial applications.We report herein a dualconfiguration bifunctional DL-citrulline(DL-Cit)as an electrolyte additive to stabilize Zn anodes for ultralong cycle-life aqueous energy storage.Trace amounts of DL-Cit reconstruct the solvation structure of Zn^(2+)via strong interactions with Zn^(2+),while DL-Cit is preferentially adsorbed on Zn anode surfaces to orchestrate the ion flux and ensure uniform Zn deposition.The well-formed flat Zn(002)texture not only enhances the electrochemical stability of Zn anodes but also exhibits more significant orientation priority upon increasing current density.These properties endow Zn anodes with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.7% after 1500 cycles and a long cycle life of over 3000 h,achieving an ultrahigh cumulative plating capacity of 4.8 Ah cm^(-2)even under rigorous plating/stripping conditions(8 mA cm^(-2)).Consequently,the Zn||MnO_(2)full cells provide a high capacity of 143.35 mA h g-1after continuous cycling for more than3000 cycles.The Zn||activated carbon hybrid capacitors with DL-Cit additives operate stably beyond30,000 cycles.This versatile electrolyte strategy provides an effective solution for the practical application of Zn-based energy storage devices.
基金upported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62274138)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2023J06012)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Project in Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2021H0011)the Funda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.20720230029)the Compound Semiconductor Technology Collaborative Innovation Platform Project of FuXiaQuan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone(Grant No.3502ZCQXT2022005).
文摘In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has demonstrated immense potential in driving breakthroughs in the semiconductor industry,particularly in full-color display technologies.Benefiting from the deep integration of AI,these technologies are experiencing unprecedented innovation and industrial transformation,garnering significant attention.These advancements provide a solid foundation for displays with higher color gamut and resolution.In addition,the integration of deep learning with dimming technologies has enabled new display systems to deliver superior viewing experiences with reduced energy consumption.This review highlights recent progress in four key areas of AI application in full-color display technologies:epitaxial structure design,defect detection and repair,perovskite synthesis,and dynamic dimming.AI-driven advancements in these domains are paving the way for smarter,more efficient display technologies.By leveraging AI’s powerful data processing and optimization capabilities,full-color display systems are poised to achieve enhanced performance,energy efficiency,and user satisfaction,marking a significant step toward a more intelligent and innovative future.
基金financially supported by National High-Level Talent FundNational Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22372138,22461160253,22121001,and 22072118)+3 种基金thank financial support from State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces of Xiamen UniversityShenzhen Science and Technology Program (No. JCYJ20220530143401002)supported by Science and Technology Projects of Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) (No. HRTP-[2022]-3)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 20720220008)
文摘The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)RR)is a promising strategy for achieving carbon neutralization.The Ni-N_(4) site is well known as the active site in metal single atoms on N-doped carbon catalysts,while its symmetric charge distribution nature is not favorable for electron transfer and then hindering the efficient CO_(2)RR.Herein,we constructed a Ni SA/CNs single-atom catalyst.Notably,it features unique Ni-N_(4)-O active sites,featuring one axial O atom and four planar N atoms,constituting a broken symmetrical electronic structure of Ni-N_(4) sites.Furthermore,hierarchical pore structures were obtained with the assistance of NaNO_(3) pore-forming agent during thermal treatment process,which promote electronic and mass transfer.And the resulting high specific surface area can host more Ni-N_(4)-O active sites.These specialized active sites promote the key intermediate(∗CO)adsorption/desorption and suppresses hydrogen evolution.Consequently,the Ni SA/CNs catalyst exhibits a high turnover frequency(TOF)value,reaching 34,081 h^(-1) at-0.98 V vs.RHE.Additionally,it achieves an excellent CO Faradaic efficiency,exceeding 90%,over a wide potential range from-0.4 V to-1.0 V vs.RHE.This work not only offers a new method for the rational synthesize single-atom catalysts with unique Ni-N_(4)-O active sites,but also provides in-depth insight into the origin of catalytic activity of porous carbon-base catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22008033)the Major Program of Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory.
文摘Efficient recognition and selective capture of NH_(3)is not only beneficial for increasing the productivity of the synthetic NH_(3)industry but also for reducing air pollution.For this purpose,a group of deep eutectic solvents(DESs)consisting of glycolic acid(GA)and phenol(PhOH)with low viscosities and multiple active sites was rationally designed in this work.Experimental results show that the GA^(+)PhOH DESs display extremely fast NH_(3)absorption rates(within 51 s for equilibrium)and high NH_(3)solubility.At 313.2 K,the NH_(3)absorption capacities of GA^(+)PhOH(1:1)reach 6.75 mol/kg(at 10.7 kPa)and 14.72 mol/kg(at 201.0 kPa).The NH_(3)solubility of GA^(+)PhOH DESs at low pressures were minimally changed after more than 100 days of air exposure.In addition,the NH_(3)solubility of GA^(+)PhOH DESs remain highly stable in 10 consecutive absorption-desorption cycles.More importantly,NH_(3)can be selectively captured by GA^(+)PhOH DESs from NH_(3)/CO_(2)/N_(2)and NH_(3)/N_(2)/H_(2)mixtures.1H-NMR,Fourier transform infrared and theoretical calculations were performed to reveal the intrinsic mechanism for the efficient recognition of NH_(3)by GA^(+)PhOH DESs.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Fujian Province,China(2024J010016)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3600400)Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Project(2020ZZ113,2021ZZ130)。
文摘Micro light sources are crucial tools for studying the interactions between light and matter at the micro/nanoscale,encompassing diverse applications across multiple disciplines.Despite numerous studies on reducing the size of micro light sources and enhancing optical resolution,the efficient and simple fabrication of ultra-high-resolution micro light sources remains challenging due to its reliance on precise micro-nano processing technology and advanced processing equipment.In this study,a simple approach for the efficient fabrication of submicron light sources is proposed,namely shadow-assisted sidewall emission(SASE)technology.The SASE utilizes the widely adopted UV photolithography process,employing metal shadow modulation to precisely control the emission of light from polymer sidewalls,thereby obtaining photoluminescent light sources with submicron line widths.The SASE eliminates the need for complex and cumbersome manufacturing procedures.The effects of process parameters,including exposure dose,development time,and metal film thickness,on the linewidth of sources are investigated on detail.It is successfully demonstrated red,green,and blue submicron light sources.Finally,their potential application in the field of optical anti-counterfeiting is also demonstrated.We believe that the SASE proposed in this work provides a novel approach for the preparation and application of micro light sources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22278077,22408209 and 22108040)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4101800)+2 种基金Key Program of Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory(Grant No.00221004)Research Program of Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory(Grant No.00523006)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2022J02019,2024J011550).
文摘Dimethyl carbonate(DMC)is an important chemical raw material extensively used in organic synthesis,lithium-ion battery electrolytes,etc.The primary method for industrial synthesis of DMC involves transesterification between ethylene carbonate and MeOH but faces issues with difficult catalyst separation and low catalytic activity.Based on the synergistic catalytic activity of cation and anion,this study develops poly(ionic liquid)s of[N_(X)PIL][PHO]and[N_(3)PIL][Y]with varying alkaline sites and alkalinity levels.This is accomplished by constructing functional polymer monomers containing free radical polymerization sites and nitrogencontaining alkaline groups,and by polymerizing them with suitable crosslinking monomers in a specific ratio before exchanging the resulting polymers with different anions.Results show that doping with nitrogen-containing alkaline groups leads to enhanced basic functional sites while appropriate anions provide intensified alkalinity levels.The[N_(3)PIL][PHO]obtained exhibits superior catalytic activity in transesterification synthesis of DMC,with a yield of 91.43%and selectivity of 99.96%at a reaction time of 2 h.The study also investigates the impact of poly(ionic liquid)cationic structure and anion types,as well as their interactions,on catalytic performance.The findings reveal that the catalytic activity of poly(ionic liquid)is restricted by the interactions between cation and anion.Based on these findings,a possible reaction mechanism was proposed,providing theoretical support for the high-efficiency production of DMC.
