Today,green and low-carbon development and technological innovation are mingling in what may emerge as the key narrative for human civilization.I was fortunate enough to have attended the 2024 Greater Bay Area(GBA)Sci...Today,green and low-carbon development and technological innovation are mingling in what may emerge as the key narrative for human civilization.I was fortunate enough to have attended the 2024 Greater Bay Area(GBA)Science Forum’s Green Energy Industry Innovation Sub-Forum and then the 2025 Zhongguancun Forum(ZGC Forum)Annual Conference.展开更多
Bhutan is a biodiverse country,yet there are relatively few scientific studies on its herpetofauna.To determine research gaps and opportunities for scientific advances,we completed a literature review on amphibians an...Bhutan is a biodiverse country,yet there are relatively few scientific studies on its herpetofauna.To determine research gaps and opportunities for scientific advances,we completed a literature review on amphibians and reptiles of Bhutanese origin from online databases including ResearchGate,Google Scholar,the Integrated Taxonomic Information System(ITIS),and relevant authors.Of the 63 studies on herpetofauna of Bhutan between 1972 and 2022,most focused on reptiles(45%)followed by amphibians(32%),while fewer(23%)included both taxa.Most studies were field-based(n=44),followed by desktop research(n=14),and then laboratory work(n=5).Ecology and natural history studies(n=35)dominated the literature,while other disciplines included conservation and anthropogenic interactions(n=22),then evolution,taxonomy,and systematics(n=4).Single reports existed on disease,and on genetic studies.After 2009,the quantity of literature rose considerably to a total of 52 publications on Bhutanese herpetofauna.Most studies have been conducted by Bhutanese researchers(n=36),followed by collaborations with scientists from outside the country(n=15),and work published by foreign scientists alone(n=12)contributed some of the earliest studies.There was a bias in the taxa studied,the type of research,and the location of study.Research concentrating on anatomy or physiology was absent,while studies on disease,genetics,taxonomy,and systematic classification are scarce.There is a pressing need for increased conservation-oriented studies,as they were poorly represented.These gaps offer direction for further research.In particular,there are few studies on the diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles-such information is key to analysing threats and developing effective conservation strategies.Such knowledge would contribute greatly towards the conservation and management of Bhutan’s native amphibians and reptiles.Bhutan currently harbours ca.83 amphibian species(31 genera,8 families,3 orders:Anura,Caudata,Gymnophiona)and ca.138 reptile species(58 genera,17 families,2 orders:Squamata,Testudines).Bhutan does have crocodiles,but they are in captivity only.展开更多
The integration of digital tools and effective knowledge management practices is critical for enhancing administrative efficiency and institutional continuity in higher education. This study investigates the relations...The integration of digital tools and effective knowledge management practices is critical for enhancing administrative efficiency and institutional continuity in higher education. This study investigates the relationships between knowledge modeling, institutional memory, leadership styles, technology, and administrative efficiency at the University of Cape Coast (UCC). The study sought to identify the challenges and opportunities in integrating digital tools into administrative processes and to provide actionable recommendations for improvement. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with qualitative thematic analysis of interviews. The findings revealed key challenges, including resistance to change, fragmented knowledge repositories, and inadequate funding, alongside opportunities such as centralized knowledge systems, cost-effective open-source tools, and capacity-building initiatives. The study highlights the importance of strategic leadership, robust policies, and investments in digital infrastructure to enhance administrative practices. Policy implications include the need for clear digital transformation guidelines and leadership training to foster innovation and collaboration. Recommendations include investing in scalable digital tools, implementing comprehensive capacity-building programs, and promoting stakeholder engagement to drive successful digital integration. These insights provide a roadmap for UCC and similar institutions seeking to optimize administrative efficiency through digital transformation.展开更多
Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athl...Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athletes.REDs is established to have negative short-term effects on reproductive function,but the long-term impact of this condition is unknown.Therefore,we examined the impact of secondary amenorrhea with or without a concurrent diagnosis of REDs on perinatal health outcomes.Methods Postpartum individuals(≥18 years of age)completed an online questionnaire that covered demographics,reproductive history(including a diagnosis of REDs or secondary amenorrhea),and maternal/fetal health outcomes.Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between previously diagnosed REDs or secondary amenorrhea with perinatal health outcomes.Results A total of 1025 previously pregnant participants completed the survey(33.1±3.4 years,mean±SD).Prior to pregnancy,6.1%had been previously diagnosed with REDs and 20.5%had a history with secondary amenorrhea.Individuals diagnosed with REDs had 3.5-times higher odds of having premature labor(odds ratio,(OR)=3.52,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26–9.81)and 2.6-times higher odds of preterm delivery(OR=2.62,95%CI:1.05–6.58)compared to those who had not experienced REDs or secondary amenorrhea.However,in individuals who did not have a history of REDs,secondary amenorrhea did not increase the odds of adverse pregnancy or delivery outcomes.Conclusion A history of REDs,but not secondary amenorrhea,may increase the odds of premature labor and preterm delivery.展开更多
Recent advancements in decentralized finance(DeFi)have resulted in a rapid increase in the use of Automated Market Makers(AMMs)for creating decentralized exchanges(DEXs).In this paper,we organize these developments by...Recent advancements in decentralized finance(DeFi)have resulted in a rapid increase in the use of Automated Market Makers(AMMs)for creating decentralized exchanges(DEXs).In this paper,we organize these developments by treating an AMM as a neoclassical black-box characterized by the conversion of inputs(tokens)to outputs(prices).The conversion is governed by the technology of the AMM summarized by an‘exchange function’.Various types of AMMs are examined,including:Constant Product Market Makers;Constant Mean Market Makers;Constant Sum Market Makers;Hybrid Function Market Makers;and,Dynamic Automated Market Makers.The paper also looks at the impact of introducing concentrated liquidity in an AMM.Overall,the framework presented here provides an intuitive geometric representation of how an AMM operates,and a clear delineation of the similarities and differences across the various types of AMMs.展开更多
The conventional microwell-based platform for construction of organoid models exhibits limitations in precision oncology applications because of low-speed growth and high variability. Here, we established organoid mod...The conventional microwell-based platform for construction of organoid models exhibits limitations in precision oncology applications because of low-speed growth and high variability. Here, we established organoid models on a nested array chip for fast and reproducible drug testing using 50% matrigel. First, we constructed mouse small intestinal and colonic organoid models. Compared with the conventional microwell-based platform, the mouse organoids on the chip showed accelerated growth and improved reproducibility due to the nested design of the chip. The design of the chip provides miniaturized and uniform shaping of the matrigel that allows the organoid to grow in a concentrated and controlled manner. Next, a patient-derived organoid(PDO) model from colorectal cancer tissues was successfully generated and characterized on the chip. Finally, the PDO models on the chip, from three patients, were implemented for high-throughput drug screening using nine treatment regimens. The drug sensitivity testing on the PDO models showed good quality control with a coefficient of variation under 10% and a Z’ factor of more than 0.7. More importantly, the drug responses on the chip recapitulate the heterogeneous response of individual patients, as well as showing a potential correlation with clinical outcomes. Therefore,the organoid model coupled with the nested array chip platform provides a fast and reproducible means for predicting drug responses to accelerate precise oncology.展开更多
Barley(Hordeum vulgare ssp.vulgare)is one of the first crops to be domesticated and is adapted to a wide range of environments.Worldwide barley germplasm collections possess valuable allelic variations that could furt...Barley(Hordeum vulgare ssp.vulgare)is one of the first crops to be domesticated and is adapted to a wide range of environments.Worldwide barley germplasm collections possess valuable allelic variations that could further improve barley productivity.Although barley genomics has offered a global picture of allelic variation among varieties and its association with various agronomic traits,polymorphisms from East Asian varieties remain scarce.In this study,we analyze exome polymorphisms in a panel of 274 barley varieties collected worldwide,including 137 varieties from East Asian countries and Ethiopia.We reveal the underlying population structure and conduct genome-wide association studies for 10 agronomic traits.Moreover,we examin genome-wide associations for traits related to grain size such as awn length and glume length.Our results demonstrate the value of diverse barley germplasm panels containing Eastern varieties,highlighting their distinct genomic signatures relative to Western subpopulations.展开更多
The usefulness of telemedicine has been acknowledged because of coronavirus disease 2019,which highlighted it as a prominent and expedient method of delivering healthcare support while ensuring safety.1The implementat...The usefulness of telemedicine has been acknowledged because of coronavirus disease 2019,which highlighted it as a prominent and expedient method of delivering healthcare support while ensuring safety.1The implementation of telemedicine can be traced to nearly every corner of the globe,from advanced economies like the USA and Europe to the most remote African villages.Today,telemedicine is widely used in developed nations.展开更多
A suitable interface between the electrode and electrolyte is crucial in achieving highly stable electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries,as facile ionic transport is required.Intriguing research and developme...A suitable interface between the electrode and electrolyte is crucial in achieving highly stable electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries,as facile ionic transport is required.Intriguing research and development have recently been conducted to form a stable interface between the electrode and electrolyte.Therefore,it is essential to investigate emerging knowledge and contextualize it.The nanoengineering of the electrode-electrolyte interface has been actively researched at the electrode/electrolyte and interphase levels.This review presents and summarizes some recent advances aimed at nanoengineering approaches to build a more stable electrode-electrolyte interface and assess the impact of each approach adopted.Furthermore,future perspectives on the feasibility and practicality of each approach will also be reviewed in detail.Finally,this review aids in projecting a more sustainable research pathway for a nanoengineered interphase design between electrode and electrolyte,which is pivotal for high-performance,thermally stable Li-ion batteries.展开更多
The Covid-19 pandemic produced a complex combination of intense negative emotions among the general public,influencing people's coping reactions toward the pandemic.Yet each discrete emotion may affect people'...The Covid-19 pandemic produced a complex combination of intense negative emotions among the general public,influencing people's coping reactions toward the pandemic.Yet each discrete emotion may affect people's behaviors in different ways.Unveiling the specific emotion–behavior relationships can provide valuable implications for designing effective intervention programs.Through the lens of the appraisal theory of emotion,we assessed the relationships between negative emotions and pandemic-related behaviors among the Chinese population midst the early outbreak of the pandemic.An anonymous online survey was distributed to mainland of China participants(n=2976),which assessed individuals'emotional states and behavioral reactions to the pandemic.Consistent with the differential appraisal theme underlying each negative emotion as delineated by the appraisal theory,mixed relationships between emotions and pandemic-related behaviors were revealed.Specifically,anxiety was positively associated with behaviors of seeking pandemic-related information,sharing such information,and stockpiling preventive goods,yet,contrary to prediction,anxious people were reluctant to adopt preventive measures,which is maladaptive.Sad people sought information less frequently and exhibited lower intention to stockpile preventive goods;but,opposing prediction,they shared information less frequently.Angry people were more active in sharing information and in stockpiling preventive goods.These findings suggest that public health practitioners can utilize the emotion–behavior relationships to identify the vulnerable individuals who tend to adopt maladaptive coping behaviors,help them address emotional distress,and encourage their adoption of effective coping behaviors.展开更多
Gadolinium(III)complexes have been employed for more than 30 years as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).In order to further improve the diagnostic accuracy of enhanced magnetic resonance images or to ...Gadolinium(III)complexes have been employed for more than 30 years as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).In order to further improve the diagnostic accuracy of enhanced magnetic resonance images or to provide comparable enhancement at a reduced administered dose,current research is focusing on the development of Gd^(Ⅲ)-complexes characterized by higher relaxivity.In this study we describe the synthesis and the equilibrium,kinetic,relaxation and structural properties of two new Gd^(Ⅲ)-complexes based on modified 10-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid(HP-DO3A)structure which,due to an intramolecular prototropic exchange,display more than two-fold higher relaxivity compared to currently available Gd^(Ⅲ)-based MRI contrast agents.展开更多
Fish constitute important high protein products to meet the demands of an increasing global population.However,the continued depletion of wild fish stocks is leading to increased strain on the aquaculture sector in te...Fish constitute important high protein products to meet the demands of an increasing global population.However,the continued depletion of wild fish stocks is leading to increased strain on the aquaculture sector in terms of sustaining the supply of fish and seafood to global markets.Despite the fact that aquaculture is more diversified than other agriculture sectors,there are significant pressures on the industry to continue innovating in order to enable sustainability including increased fish production,improved appropriate selection of species,disease mitigation,reduced wastage,preventing environmental pollution and generating more employment globally.This viewpoint article addresses how digital transformation can help support and meet expansion needs of the fisheries/aquaculture industries that includes exploiting and harnessing ICT,IoT,Cloud-edge computing,AI,machine learning,immersive technologies and blockchain.Digital technologies are bringing significant operational benefits for global food chain,improving efficiencies and productivity,reducing waste,contamination and food fraud.The focus on digital technologies has recently evolved to Industry 5.0 where AI and robotics are coupled with the human mind in order to advance human-centric solutions.This viewpoint describes the role of Quadruple helix Hub(academic-industry-government and society)in delivering a convergent holistic approach to meeting the diversity of fishery industry needs by connecting and placing fisheries centrally in a defined ecosystem of stakeholders.This includes specialist training,testing technologies,providing access to finance and fostering disruption through aquaculture accelerator initiatives such as that provided by Hatch Blue.Connecting digital Innovation Hubs trans-regionally,nationally and internationally will also help mitigate against significant risks for the fisheries and aquaculture industry including climate change,global pandemics and conflicts that can jeopardize fish and seafood production and supply chains.There is also a commensurate need to avail of digital technologies in order to increase awareness of key industry issues across the value chain,such as through social marketing.Thus,addressing key challenges by way of the global digital transformation of fishery and aquaculture industry will meet several sustainable development goals of the United Nations catered around the application of disruptive technology.展开更多
In recent years,multi-photon 3D laser printing has become a widely used tool for the fabrication of micro-and nanostructures for a large variety of applications.Typically,thorough sample characterisation is key for an...In recent years,multi-photon 3D laser printing has become a widely used tool for the fabrication of micro-and nanostructures for a large variety of applications.Typically,thorough sample characterisation is key for an efficient optimisation of the printing process.To date,three-dimensional microscopic inspection has usually been carried out on finished 3D printed microstructures,that is,using ex-situ approaches.In contrast,in-situ 3D characterization tools are desirable for quickly assessing the quality and properties of 3D printed microstructures.Along these lines,we present and characterise a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography(FD-OCT)system that can be readily integrated into an existing 3D laser lithography setup.We demonstrate its capabilities by examining different 3D printed polymer microstructures immersed in a liquid photoresist.In such samples,local reflectivity arises from the(refractive-index)contrasts between the polymerised and non-polymerised regions.Thus,the refractive index of the printed material can be extracted.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the reflectivity of polymer-monomer transitions exhibits time-dependent behaviour after printing.Supported by transfer-matrix calculations,we explain this effect in terms of the time-dependent graded-index transition originating from monomer diffusion into the polymer matrix.Finally,we show exemplary 3D reconstructions of printed structures that can be readily compared with 3D computer designs.展开更多
Photosynthetic terpene production represents one of the most carbon and energy-efficient routes for converting CO_(2)into hydrocarbon.In photosynthetic organisms,metabolic engineering has led to limited success in enh...Photosynthetic terpene production represents one of the most carbon and energy-efficient routes for converting CO_(2)into hydrocarbon.In photosynthetic organisms,metabolic engineering has led to limited success in enhancing terpene productivity,partially due to the low carbon partitioning.In this study,we employed systems biology analysis to reveal the strong competition for carbon substrates between primary metabolism(e.g.,sucrose,glycogen,and protein synthesis)and terpene biosynthesis in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.We then engineered key“source”and“sink”enzymes.The“source”limitation was overcome by knocking out either sucrose or glycogen biosynthesis to significantly enhance limonene production via altered carbon partitioning.Moreover,a fusion enzyme complex with geranyl diphosphate synthase(GPPS)and limonene synthase(LS)was designed to further improve pathway kinetics and substrate channeling.The synergy between“source”and“sink”achieved a limonene titer of 21.0 mg/L.Overall,the study demonstrates that balancing carbon flux between primary and secondary metabolism can be an effective approach to enhance terpene bioproduction in cyanobacteria.The design of“source”and“sink”synergy has significant potential in improving natural product yield in photosynthetic species.展开更多
Bioluminescent plankton are marine organisms capable of emitting visible light through chemical reactions in their bodies.This unique biochemical trait is attributed to a luciferin-luciferase reaction,which produces a...Bioluminescent plankton are marine organisms capable of emitting visible light through chemical reactions in their bodies.This unique biochemical trait is attributed to a luciferin-luciferase reaction,which produces a striking blue light.This fascinating phenomenon,often referred to as the“blue tears”effect,has become a major attraction for tourist attractions in many countries.Since their discovery,most investigations related to these marine organisms have primarily focused on the fields of biology,ecology,oceanography,and microbiology.However,there has been limited to almost no study of their potential applications in the area of energy or lighting.This paper provides viewpoints on the opportunities for using these marine organisms and their light-emitting characteristics as an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly lighting solution,rather than just as a tourist attraction.Additionally,it addresses the challenges associated with sustaining the growth of bioluminescent plankton collected from the marine environment,the importance of establishing suitable protocols for in-house cultivation,challenges in stimulating the light-production at desired time,constraint imposed by the circadian rhythm,the toxicity of certain bioluminescent plankton,and the capacity of their luminous intensity.展开更多
Petroleum-based plastics have been associated with several environmental issues,including land and water pollution,green-house gas emissions,and waste accumulation due to their non-biodegradable properties.Bioplastics...Petroleum-based plastics have been associated with several environmental issues,including land and water pollution,green-house gas emissions,and waste accumulation due to their non-biodegradable properties.Bioplastics derived from renewable natural resources have emerged as an eco-friendly substitute for conventional plastics,leading to a reduced carbon footprint and conservation of non-renewable fossil fuels.Seaweed is an attractive material for bioplastic production due to its abundant polysaccharide content,high biomass,rapid growth rate and suitability for consumption.This work aimed to explore the fea-sibility of producing seaweed bioplastics,specifically starch and carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii,along with chitin extracted from ramshorn snails(Planorbarius corneus).The surface morphology of the bioplastics was assessed through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and their biodegradability was also examined through a soil burial biodegradation test.Starch-based bioplastics incorporated with carrageenan and chitin exhibited a more substantial network structure,rougher surface texture and smaller void sizes with improved mechanical strength and water barrier properties.The bioplastics under-went decomposition,resulting in fragmentation into small pieces(with more than 76%weight loss)or complete degradation through the enzymatic activity of Acinetobacter spp.and Burkholderia cepacia.Therefore,seaweed-chitin-based bioplastics demonstrate their potential as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional plastics.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI)and lifestyle habits such as Western diet(WD)consumption represent two risk factors that affect an individual's health outcome globally.Individuals with TBI have a greater risk of mortal...Traumatic brain injury(TBI)and lifestyle habits such as Western diet(WD)consumption represent two risk factors that affect an individual's health outcome globally.Individuals with TBI have a greater risk of mortality from associated chronic diseases than the general population.WD has been shown to impair cognitive function,decrease the brain's capacity to compensate for insult by affecting recovery as well as induce metabolic syndrome(MetS)which may be a risk factor for poor TBI prognosis.Hence,this study aims to investigate the impact of WD on TBI behavioral outcomes and neuropathology.Eight-week-old male C57BL6 mice were fed either WD or normal chow for 4 weeks prior to TBI induction.At week four,mice underwent either an experimental open-head TBI or a sham procedure.Mice continued their respective diets for four weeks after brain injury.Metabolic,cognitive function,and molecular assessment were performed four weeks after TBI.Results showed that while WD significantly increased fat percentage and elevated plasma cholesterol,there was no change in blood glucose level or body weight,indicating an early stage of MetS.Nevertheless,this was associated with neuroinflammation and impaired cognitive functions.However,there was no significant impact on cardiovascular function and mitochondrial bioenergetics.Importantly,the mild MetS induced by WD triggered basal motor,cognitive deterioration and exacerbated the long-term neuropathology of TBI.Taken together,our work highlights the magnitude of the contribution of lifestyle factors including the type of diet,even in the absence of overt metabolic consequences,on the neurobehavioral prognosis following TBI.展开更多
文摘Today,green and low-carbon development and technological innovation are mingling in what may emerge as the key narrative for human civilization.I was fortunate enough to have attended the 2024 Greater Bay Area(GBA)Science Forum’s Green Energy Industry Innovation Sub-Forum and then the 2025 Zhongguancun Forum(ZGC Forum)Annual Conference.
文摘Bhutan is a biodiverse country,yet there are relatively few scientific studies on its herpetofauna.To determine research gaps and opportunities for scientific advances,we completed a literature review on amphibians and reptiles of Bhutanese origin from online databases including ResearchGate,Google Scholar,the Integrated Taxonomic Information System(ITIS),and relevant authors.Of the 63 studies on herpetofauna of Bhutan between 1972 and 2022,most focused on reptiles(45%)followed by amphibians(32%),while fewer(23%)included both taxa.Most studies were field-based(n=44),followed by desktop research(n=14),and then laboratory work(n=5).Ecology and natural history studies(n=35)dominated the literature,while other disciplines included conservation and anthropogenic interactions(n=22),then evolution,taxonomy,and systematics(n=4).Single reports existed on disease,and on genetic studies.After 2009,the quantity of literature rose considerably to a total of 52 publications on Bhutanese herpetofauna.Most studies have been conducted by Bhutanese researchers(n=36),followed by collaborations with scientists from outside the country(n=15),and work published by foreign scientists alone(n=12)contributed some of the earliest studies.There was a bias in the taxa studied,the type of research,and the location of study.Research concentrating on anatomy or physiology was absent,while studies on disease,genetics,taxonomy,and systematic classification are scarce.There is a pressing need for increased conservation-oriented studies,as they were poorly represented.These gaps offer direction for further research.In particular,there are few studies on the diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles-such information is key to analysing threats and developing effective conservation strategies.Such knowledge would contribute greatly towards the conservation and management of Bhutan’s native amphibians and reptiles.Bhutan currently harbours ca.83 amphibian species(31 genera,8 families,3 orders:Anura,Caudata,Gymnophiona)and ca.138 reptile species(58 genera,17 families,2 orders:Squamata,Testudines).Bhutan does have crocodiles,but they are in captivity only.
文摘The integration of digital tools and effective knowledge management practices is critical for enhancing administrative efficiency and institutional continuity in higher education. This study investigates the relationships between knowledge modeling, institutional memory, leadership styles, technology, and administrative efficiency at the University of Cape Coast (UCC). The study sought to identify the challenges and opportunities in integrating digital tools into administrative processes and to provide actionable recommendations for improvement. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with qualitative thematic analysis of interviews. The findings revealed key challenges, including resistance to change, fragmented knowledge repositories, and inadequate funding, alongside opportunities such as centralized knowledge systems, cost-effective open-source tools, and capacity-building initiatives. The study highlights the importance of strategic leadership, robust policies, and investments in digital infrastructure to enhance administrative practices. Policy implications include the need for clear digital transformation guidelines and leadership training to foster innovation and collaboration. Recommendations include investing in scalable digital tools, implementing comprehensive capacity-building programs, and promoting stakeholder engagement to drive successful digital integration. These insights provide a roadmap for UCC and similar institutions seeking to optimize administrative efficiency through digital transformation.
基金funded by a Christenson Professorship in Active Healthy Livingfunded by the Health Sciences TD Bank Undergraduate Research Awardsupport from the FIFA Female Athlete Project
文摘Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athletes.REDs is established to have negative short-term effects on reproductive function,but the long-term impact of this condition is unknown.Therefore,we examined the impact of secondary amenorrhea with or without a concurrent diagnosis of REDs on perinatal health outcomes.Methods Postpartum individuals(≥18 years of age)completed an online questionnaire that covered demographics,reproductive history(including a diagnosis of REDs or secondary amenorrhea),and maternal/fetal health outcomes.Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between previously diagnosed REDs or secondary amenorrhea with perinatal health outcomes.Results A total of 1025 previously pregnant participants completed the survey(33.1±3.4 years,mean±SD).Prior to pregnancy,6.1%had been previously diagnosed with REDs and 20.5%had a history with secondary amenorrhea.Individuals diagnosed with REDs had 3.5-times higher odds of having premature labor(odds ratio,(OR)=3.52,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26–9.81)and 2.6-times higher odds of preterm delivery(OR=2.62,95%CI:1.05–6.58)compared to those who had not experienced REDs or secondary amenorrhea.However,in individuals who did not have a history of REDs,secondary amenorrhea did not increase the odds of adverse pregnancy or delivery outcomes.Conclusion A history of REDs,but not secondary amenorrhea,may increase the odds of premature labor and preterm delivery.
文摘Recent advancements in decentralized finance(DeFi)have resulted in a rapid increase in the use of Automated Market Makers(AMMs)for creating decentralized exchanges(DEXs).In this paper,we organize these developments by treating an AMM as a neoclassical black-box characterized by the conversion of inputs(tokens)to outputs(prices).The conversion is governed by the technology of the AMM summarized by an‘exchange function’.Various types of AMMs are examined,including:Constant Product Market Makers;Constant Mean Market Makers;Constant Sum Market Makers;Hybrid Function Market Makers;and,Dynamic Automated Market Makers.The paper also looks at the impact of introducing concentrated liquidity in an AMM.Overall,the framework presented here provides an intuitive geometric representation of how an AMM operates,and a clear delineation of the similarities and differences across the various types of AMMs.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82174086)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.7222273)+3 种基金the Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation (Nos.Y-xsk2021-0004 and Y-XD202001-0172)the Youth Talents Promotion Project of China Association of Chinese Medicine (No.2020-QNRC2-08)the Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University (No.BMU2021MX009)the Peking University People’s Hospital Research and Development Funds (No.RDY2020-18)。
文摘The conventional microwell-based platform for construction of organoid models exhibits limitations in precision oncology applications because of low-speed growth and high variability. Here, we established organoid models on a nested array chip for fast and reproducible drug testing using 50% matrigel. First, we constructed mouse small intestinal and colonic organoid models. Compared with the conventional microwell-based platform, the mouse organoids on the chip showed accelerated growth and improved reproducibility due to the nested design of the chip. The design of the chip provides miniaturized and uniform shaping of the matrigel that allows the organoid to grow in a concentrated and controlled manner. Next, a patient-derived organoid(PDO) model from colorectal cancer tissues was successfully generated and characterized on the chip. Finally, the PDO models on the chip, from three patients, were implemented for high-throughput drug screening using nine treatment regimens. The drug sensitivity testing on the PDO models showed good quality control with a coefficient of variation under 10% and a Z’ factor of more than 0.7. More importantly, the drug responses on the chip recapitulate the heterogeneous response of individual patients, as well as showing a potential correlation with clinical outcomes. Therefore,the organoid model coupled with the nested array chip platform provides a fast and reproducible means for predicting drug responses to accelerate precise oncology.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)(grant no.15KT0038 to K.M.)a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)(grant no.19K11861 to K.M.and R.N.)of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Scienceby CREST(grant no.JPMJCR16O4 to K.M.)of the Japan Science and Technology Agency。
文摘Barley(Hordeum vulgare ssp.vulgare)is one of the first crops to be domesticated and is adapted to a wide range of environments.Worldwide barley germplasm collections possess valuable allelic variations that could further improve barley productivity.Although barley genomics has offered a global picture of allelic variation among varieties and its association with various agronomic traits,polymorphisms from East Asian varieties remain scarce.In this study,we analyze exome polymorphisms in a panel of 274 barley varieties collected worldwide,including 137 varieties from East Asian countries and Ethiopia.We reveal the underlying population structure and conduct genome-wide association studies for 10 agronomic traits.Moreover,we examin genome-wide associations for traits related to grain size such as awn length and glume length.Our results demonstrate the value of diverse barley germplasm panels containing Eastern varieties,highlighting their distinct genomic signatures relative to Western subpopulations.
文摘The usefulness of telemedicine has been acknowledged because of coronavirus disease 2019,which highlighted it as a prominent and expedient method of delivering healthcare support while ensuring safety.1The implementation of telemedicine can be traced to nearly every corner of the globe,from advanced economies like the USA and Europe to the most remote African villages.Today,telemedicine is widely used in developed nations.
基金supported by funding from Bavarian Center for Battery Technology(Baybatt,Hightech Agenda Bayern)and Bayerisch-Tschechische Hochschulagentur(BTHA)(BTHA-AP-202245,BTHA-AP-2023-5,and BTHA-AP-2023-12)supported by the University of Bayreuth-Deakin University Joint Ph.D.Program+1 种基金supported by the Regional Innovation Strategy(RIS)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)(2021RIS-003)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS2023-00213749)
文摘A suitable interface between the electrode and electrolyte is crucial in achieving highly stable electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries,as facile ionic transport is required.Intriguing research and development have recently been conducted to form a stable interface between the electrode and electrolyte.Therefore,it is essential to investigate emerging knowledge and contextualize it.The nanoengineering of the electrode-electrolyte interface has been actively researched at the electrode/electrolyte and interphase levels.This review presents and summarizes some recent advances aimed at nanoengineering approaches to build a more stable electrode-electrolyte interface and assess the impact of each approach adopted.Furthermore,future perspectives on the feasibility and practicality of each approach will also be reviewed in detail.Finally,this review aids in projecting a more sustainable research pathway for a nanoengineered interphase design between electrode and electrolyte,which is pivotal for high-performance,thermally stable Li-ion batteries.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71802198)University of South China Covid-19 epidemic prevention and control scientific research emergency project(2020-2-5),Hunan province 2020 innovative province construction special topic to combat Covid-19 epidemic emergency(2020SK3010)Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.21ZDA036).
文摘The Covid-19 pandemic produced a complex combination of intense negative emotions among the general public,influencing people's coping reactions toward the pandemic.Yet each discrete emotion may affect people's behaviors in different ways.Unveiling the specific emotion–behavior relationships can provide valuable implications for designing effective intervention programs.Through the lens of the appraisal theory of emotion,we assessed the relationships between negative emotions and pandemic-related behaviors among the Chinese population midst the early outbreak of the pandemic.An anonymous online survey was distributed to mainland of China participants(n=2976),which assessed individuals'emotional states and behavioral reactions to the pandemic.Consistent with the differential appraisal theme underlying each negative emotion as delineated by the appraisal theory,mixed relationships between emotions and pandemic-related behaviors were revealed.Specifically,anxiety was positively associated with behaviors of seeking pandemic-related information,sharing such information,and stockpiling preventive goods,yet,contrary to prediction,anxious people were reluctant to adopt preventive measures,which is maladaptive.Sad people sought information less frequently and exhibited lower intention to stockpile preventive goods;but,opposing prediction,they shared information less frequently.Angry people were more active in sharing information and in stockpiling preventive goods.These findings suggest that public health practitioners can utilize the emotion–behavior relationships to identify the vulnerable individuals who tend to adopt maladaptive coping behaviors,help them address emotional distress,and encourage their adoption of effective coping behaviors.
基金the Hungarian National Research,Development and Innovation Office-NKFIH under the Grant NKFI NN 128368.D.H.:University of Debrecen,Faculty of Science and Technology,Department of Physical Chemistry,Doctoral School of Chemistry.
文摘Gadolinium(III)complexes have been employed for more than 30 years as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).In order to further improve the diagnostic accuracy of enhanced magnetic resonance images or to provide comparable enhancement at a reduced administered dose,current research is focusing on the development of Gd^(Ⅲ)-complexes characterized by higher relaxivity.In this study we describe the synthesis and the equilibrium,kinetic,relaxation and structural properties of two new Gd^(Ⅲ)-complexes based on modified 10-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid(HP-DO3A)structure which,due to an intramolecular prototropic exchange,display more than two-fold higher relaxivity compared to currently available Gd^(Ⅲ)-based MRI contrast agents.
基金The author would like to thank Interreg Atlantic Area Neptunus(Project EAPA_576/2018)MSCA RISE(ICHTHYS Project Number 872217)+1 种基金Regional University Network European University(RUN-EU Project)Bord Iascaigh Mhara(Project 2019 BIM-KGS-008)for funding support.
文摘Fish constitute important high protein products to meet the demands of an increasing global population.However,the continued depletion of wild fish stocks is leading to increased strain on the aquaculture sector in terms of sustaining the supply of fish and seafood to global markets.Despite the fact that aquaculture is more diversified than other agriculture sectors,there are significant pressures on the industry to continue innovating in order to enable sustainability including increased fish production,improved appropriate selection of species,disease mitigation,reduced wastage,preventing environmental pollution and generating more employment globally.This viewpoint article addresses how digital transformation can help support and meet expansion needs of the fisheries/aquaculture industries that includes exploiting and harnessing ICT,IoT,Cloud-edge computing,AI,machine learning,immersive technologies and blockchain.Digital technologies are bringing significant operational benefits for global food chain,improving efficiencies and productivity,reducing waste,contamination and food fraud.The focus on digital technologies has recently evolved to Industry 5.0 where AI and robotics are coupled with the human mind in order to advance human-centric solutions.This viewpoint describes the role of Quadruple helix Hub(academic-industry-government and society)in delivering a convergent holistic approach to meeting the diversity of fishery industry needs by connecting and placing fisheries centrally in a defined ecosystem of stakeholders.This includes specialist training,testing technologies,providing access to finance and fostering disruption through aquaculture accelerator initiatives such as that provided by Hatch Blue.Connecting digital Innovation Hubs trans-regionally,nationally and internationally will also help mitigate against significant risks for the fisheries and aquaculture industry including climate change,global pandemics and conflicts that can jeopardize fish and seafood production and supply chains.There is also a commensurate need to avail of digital technologies in order to increase awareness of key industry issues across the value chain,such as through social marketing.Thus,addressing key challenges by way of the global digital transformation of fishery and aquaculture industry will meet several sustainable development goals of the United Nations catered around the application of disruptive technology.
基金This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy 2082/1-390761711(Excellence Cluster“3D Matter Made to Order”).
文摘In recent years,multi-photon 3D laser printing has become a widely used tool for the fabrication of micro-and nanostructures for a large variety of applications.Typically,thorough sample characterisation is key for an efficient optimisation of the printing process.To date,three-dimensional microscopic inspection has usually been carried out on finished 3D printed microstructures,that is,using ex-situ approaches.In contrast,in-situ 3D characterization tools are desirable for quickly assessing the quality and properties of 3D printed microstructures.Along these lines,we present and characterise a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography(FD-OCT)system that can be readily integrated into an existing 3D laser lithography setup.We demonstrate its capabilities by examining different 3D printed polymer microstructures immersed in a liquid photoresist.In such samples,local reflectivity arises from the(refractive-index)contrasts between the polymerised and non-polymerised regions.Thus,the refractive index of the printed material can be extracted.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the reflectivity of polymer-monomer transitions exhibits time-dependent behaviour after printing.Supported by transfer-matrix calculations,we explain this effect in terms of the time-dependent graded-index transition originating from monomer diffusion into the polymer matrix.Finally,we show exemplary 3D reconstructions of printed structures that can be readily compared with 3D computer designs.
文摘Photosynthetic terpene production represents one of the most carbon and energy-efficient routes for converting CO_(2)into hydrocarbon.In photosynthetic organisms,metabolic engineering has led to limited success in enhancing terpene productivity,partially due to the low carbon partitioning.In this study,we employed systems biology analysis to reveal the strong competition for carbon substrates between primary metabolism(e.g.,sucrose,glycogen,and protein synthesis)and terpene biosynthesis in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.We then engineered key“source”and“sink”enzymes.The“source”limitation was overcome by knocking out either sucrose or glycogen biosynthesis to significantly enhance limonene production via altered carbon partitioning.Moreover,a fusion enzyme complex with geranyl diphosphate synthase(GPPS)and limonene synthase(LS)was designed to further improve pathway kinetics and substrate channeling.The synergy between“source”and“sink”achieved a limonene titer of 21.0 mg/L.Overall,the study demonstrates that balancing carbon flux between primary and secondary metabolism can be an effective approach to enhance terpene bioproduction in cyanobacteria.The design of“source”and“sink”synergy has significant potential in improving natural product yield in photosynthetic species.
基金supported by UCSI University through Research Excellence and Innovation Grant(REIG)with project code REIG-FETBE-2024/032.
文摘Bioluminescent plankton are marine organisms capable of emitting visible light through chemical reactions in their bodies.This unique biochemical trait is attributed to a luciferin-luciferase reaction,which produces a striking blue light.This fascinating phenomenon,often referred to as the“blue tears”effect,has become a major attraction for tourist attractions in many countries.Since their discovery,most investigations related to these marine organisms have primarily focused on the fields of biology,ecology,oceanography,and microbiology.However,there has been limited to almost no study of their potential applications in the area of energy or lighting.This paper provides viewpoints on the opportunities for using these marine organisms and their light-emitting characteristics as an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly lighting solution,rather than just as a tourist attraction.Additionally,it addresses the challenges associated with sustaining the growth of bioluminescent plankton collected from the marine environment,the importance of establishing suitable protocols for in-house cultivation,challenges in stimulating the light-production at desired time,constraint imposed by the circadian rhythm,the toxicity of certain bioluminescent plankton,and the capacity of their luminous intensity.
基金Funding was provided by UCSI University(REIG-FAS-2021/036).
文摘Petroleum-based plastics have been associated with several environmental issues,including land and water pollution,green-house gas emissions,and waste accumulation due to their non-biodegradable properties.Bioplastics derived from renewable natural resources have emerged as an eco-friendly substitute for conventional plastics,leading to a reduced carbon footprint and conservation of non-renewable fossil fuels.Seaweed is an attractive material for bioplastic production due to its abundant polysaccharide content,high biomass,rapid growth rate and suitability for consumption.This work aimed to explore the fea-sibility of producing seaweed bioplastics,specifically starch and carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii,along with chitin extracted from ramshorn snails(Planorbarius corneus).The surface morphology of the bioplastics was assessed through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and their biodegradability was also examined through a soil burial biodegradation test.Starch-based bioplastics incorporated with carrageenan and chitin exhibited a more substantial network structure,rougher surface texture and smaller void sizes with improved mechanical strength and water barrier properties.The bioplastics under-went decomposition,resulting in fragmentation into small pieces(with more than 76%weight loss)or complete degradation through the enzymatic activity of Acinetobacter spp.and Burkholderia cepacia.Therefore,seaweed-chitin-based bioplastics demonstrate their potential as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional plastics.
基金funded by grant number 45912 from the Science,Technology and Innovation Funding Authority,Egypt to AFE.
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI)and lifestyle habits such as Western diet(WD)consumption represent two risk factors that affect an individual's health outcome globally.Individuals with TBI have a greater risk of mortality from associated chronic diseases than the general population.WD has been shown to impair cognitive function,decrease the brain's capacity to compensate for insult by affecting recovery as well as induce metabolic syndrome(MetS)which may be a risk factor for poor TBI prognosis.Hence,this study aims to investigate the impact of WD on TBI behavioral outcomes and neuropathology.Eight-week-old male C57BL6 mice were fed either WD or normal chow for 4 weeks prior to TBI induction.At week four,mice underwent either an experimental open-head TBI or a sham procedure.Mice continued their respective diets for four weeks after brain injury.Metabolic,cognitive function,and molecular assessment were performed four weeks after TBI.Results showed that while WD significantly increased fat percentage and elevated plasma cholesterol,there was no change in blood glucose level or body weight,indicating an early stage of MetS.Nevertheless,this was associated with neuroinflammation and impaired cognitive functions.However,there was no significant impact on cardiovascular function and mitochondrial bioenergetics.Importantly,the mild MetS induced by WD triggered basal motor,cognitive deterioration and exacerbated the long-term neuropathology of TBI.Taken together,our work highlights the magnitude of the contribution of lifestyle factors including the type of diet,even in the absence of overt metabolic consequences,on the neurobehavioral prognosis following TBI.
