To the editor:Insomnia disorder has a serious and widespread detrimental effect on humans with comorbidity with other mental or physical health problems.In recent years,noninvasive brain stimulation(NIBS)techniques,es...To the editor:Insomnia disorder has a serious and widespread detrimental effect on humans with comorbidity with other mental or physical health problems.In recent years,noninvasive brain stimulation(NIBS)techniques,especially transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)and transcranial electrical stimulation,have been increasingly used for the treatment of brain diseases,including insomnia disorder.展开更多
Text extraction is an important initial step in digitizing the historical documents. In this paper, we present a text extraction method for historical Tibetan document images based on block projections. The task of te...Text extraction is an important initial step in digitizing the historical documents. In this paper, we present a text extraction method for historical Tibetan document images based on block projections. The task of text extraction is considered as text area detection and location problem. The images are divided equally into blocks and the blocks are filtered by the information of the categories of connected components and corner point density. By analyzing the filtered blocks' projections, the approximate text areas can be located, and the text regions are extracted. Experiments on the dataset of historical Tibetan documents demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
An image magnification method with a Gradient Vector Flow(GVF)constraint-basedanisotropic diffusion model is proposed in this letter.A Low-Resolution(LR)image is first magnifiedusing bilinear interpolation,and then an...An image magnification method with a Gradient Vector Flow(GVF)constraint-basedanisotropic diffusion model is proposed in this letter.A Low-Resolution(LR)image is first magnifiedusing bilinear interpolation,and then an iterative image restoration method,with the use of an ani-sotropic diffusion model and a Gaussian moving-average constraint,is applied to the magnified image.The estimated GVF of a High-Resolution(HR)image can be used to remove the jagged effect and topreserve the textural structure in the image.Meanwhile,the use of the Gaussian moving-average LRmodel can provide a data fidelity constraint,which renders a magnified image closer to the ideal HRversion.Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the quality of magnifiedimages in terms of both objective and subjective criteria.展开更多
Background Insomnia disorder(ID)is one of the most common mental disorders.Research on ID focuses on exploring its mechanism of disease,novel treatments and treatment outcome prediction.An emerging technique in this f...Background Insomnia disorder(ID)is one of the most common mental disorders.Research on ID focuses on exploring its mechanism of disease,novel treatments and treatment outcome prediction.An emerging technique in this field is the use of electroencephalography(EEG)microstates,which offer a new method of EEG feature extraction that incorporates information from both temporal and 6/spatial dimensions.Aims To explore the electrophysiological mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)for ID treatment and use baseline microstate metrics for the prediction of its efficacy.Methods This study included 60 patients with ID and 40 age-matched and gender-matched good sleep controls(GSC).Their resting-state EEG microstates were analysed,and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and polysomnography(PSG)were collected to assess sleep quality.The 60 patients with ID were equally divided into active and sham groups to receive rTMS for 20 days to test whether rTMS had a moderating effect on abnormal microstates in patients with ID.Furthermore,in an independent group of 90 patients with ID who received rTMS treatment,patients were divided into optimal and suboptimal groups based on their median PSQI reduction rate.Baseline EEG microstates were used to build a machine-learning predictive model for the effects of rTMS treatment.Results The class D microstate was less frequent and contribute in patients with ID,and these abnormalities were associated with sleep onset latency as measured by PSG.Additinally,the abnormalities were partially reversed to the levels observed in the GSC group following rTMS treatment.The baseline microstate characteristics could predict the therapeutic effect of ID after 20 days of rTMS,with an accuracy of 80.13%.Conclusions Our study highlights the value of EEG microstates as functional biomarkers of ID and provides a new perspective for studying the neurophysiological mechanisms of ID.In addition,we predicted the therapeutic effect of rTMS on ID based on the baseline microstates of patients with ID.This finding carries great practical significance for the selection of therapeutic options for patients with ID.展开更多
The principle of ocean wave spectrometers was first presented several decades ago to detect the directional wave spectrum with real-aperture radar(Jackson,1981). To invert wave spectra using an ocean wave spectrometer...The principle of ocean wave spectrometers was first presented several decades ago to detect the directional wave spectrum with real-aperture radar(Jackson,1981). To invert wave spectra using an ocean wave spectrometer,for simplicity,the hydrodynamic forcing and wave-wave interaction effect are neglected and a Gaussian slope probability density function(pdf) is used to calculate the normalized backscattering cross-section( σ 0) of the ocean surface. However,the real sea surface is non-Gaussian. It is not known whether the non-Gaussian property of the sea surface will affect the performance of the inversion of the wave spectrum if following existing inversion steps and methods. In this paper,the pdf of the sea surface slope is expressed as a Gram-Charlier fourth-order expansion,which is quasi-Gaussian. The modulation transfer function(MTF) is derived for a non-Gaussian slope pdf. The effects of non-Gaussian properties of the sea surface slope on the inversion process and result are then studied in a simulation of the SWIM(Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring) instrument configuration to be used on the CFOSAT(China-France Oceanography Satellite) mission. The simulation results show that the mean trend of σ 0 depends on the sea slope pdf,and the peakedness and skewness coefficients of the slope pdf affect the shape of the mean trend of σ 0 versus incidence and azimuth; owing to high resolution of σ 0 in the range direction,MTF obtained using the mean trend of σ 0 is almost as accurate as that set in the direct simulation; in the inversion,if ignoring the non-Gaussian assumption,the inversion performances for the wave spectrum decrease,as seen for an increase in the energy error of the inverted wave slope spectrum. However,the peak wavelength and wave direction are the same for inversions that consider and ignore the non-Gaussian property.展开更多
In opportunistic Networks,compromised nodes can attack social context-based routing protocols by publishing false social attributes information.To solve this problem,we propose a security scheme based on the identity-...In opportunistic Networks,compromised nodes can attack social context-based routing protocols by publishing false social attributes information.To solve this problem,we propose a security scheme based on the identity-based threshold signature which allows mobile nodes to jointly generate and distribute the secrets for social attributes in a totally self-organized way without the need of any centralized authority.New joining nodes can reconstruct their own social attribute signatures by getting enough partial signature services from encounter opportunities with the initial nodes.Mobile nodes need to testify whether the neighbors can provide valid attribute signatures for their routing advertisements in order to resist potential routing attacks.Simulation results show that:by implementing our security scheme,the network delivery probability of the social context-based routing protocol can be effectively improved when there are large numbers of compromised nodes in opportunistic networks.展开更多
A heterogeneous wireless sensor network comprises a number of inexpensive energy constrained wireless sensor nodes which collect data from the sensing environment and transmit them toward the improved cluster head in ...A heterogeneous wireless sensor network comprises a number of inexpensive energy constrained wireless sensor nodes which collect data from the sensing environment and transmit them toward the improved cluster head in a coordinated way. Employing clustering techniques in such networks can achieve balanced energy consumption of member nodes and prolong the network lifetimes.In classical clustering techniques, clustering and in-cluster data routes are usually separated into independent operations. Although separate considerations of these two issues simplify the system design, it is often the non-optimal lifetime expectancy for wireless sensor networks. This paper proposes an integral framework that integrates these two correlated items in an interactive entirety. For that,we develop the clustering problems using nonlinear programming. Evolution process of clustering is provided in simulations. Results show that our joint-design proposal reaches the near optimal match between member nodes and cluster heads.展开更多
This letter presents a novel spatial error concealment algorithm for the H.264 video coding. The error concealment algorithm is based on directional interpolation. Mojette transform is used to estimate the orientation...This letter presents a novel spatial error concealment algorithm for the H.264 video coding. The error concealment algorithm is based on directional interpolation. Mojette transform is used to estimate the orientation features of the damaged blocks,and the image is interpolated in the appro-priate directions. The proposed method is compared with bilinear interpolation algorithm in the ref-erence implementation of H.264 and all directional interpolation. Experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm has better subjective and objective image reconstruction quality.展开更多
In this paper, the complexity of intra coding is first analyzed so as to achieve a weight of complexity measurement for each intra mode. Then, a new complexity scalable control algorithm for intra coding in H. 264 is ...In this paper, the complexity of intra coding is first analyzed so as to achieve a weight of complexity measurement for each intra mode. Then, a new complexity scalable control algorithm for intra coding in H. 264 is proposed, based on the rearrangement of the order of candidate modes and an efficient complexity allocation and control （CAAC） scheme at the macroblock （MB） level. The candidate modes of each MB are rearranged according to the local-edge information. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can make an appropriate cut-off point of the candidate modes sequence adaptively according to the current energy condition of a mobile device, so as to adjust the complexity at any level while maximizing the video quality, which can prolong the operational lifetime of the battery with minimum degradation in video quality.展开更多
Goal-setting enhances learning by providing a sense of direction and purpose to individuals. Contemporary social media plays an important role in expressing individual users＇ messages and sharing personal goals withi...Goal-setting enhances learning by providing a sense of direction and purpose to individuals. Contemporary social media plays an important role in expressing individual users＇ messages and sharing personal goals within a given community. The massiveness of the data available for users calls for a more systematic analysis of goals and meaning-making construction of these goals for educational and research purposes. This research proposes an approach to combine methods of mining, corpus linguistics and SFG （systemic functional grammar） for extracting goals in mined tweets, sorting the data linguistically and devising a model for analyzing the data based on the concepts of SFG and genre-based realization. The results of ＂meaning-making＂ analysis of goals show that： （1） mining is a successful tool for processing the large database into the pre-designated typology of goals; （2） the implementation of SFG as an analytical theory for semiotic and semogenic features of goals is a significant expansion of linguistic analysis of goals; （3） the Transitivity Model of SFG for identifying the Ideational Function of social meaning creation shows thc inclination of using ＂material＂, ＂mental＂ and ＂relational＂ processes as well as personal recounts of past learning experiences.展开更多
The management of brain metastases(BMs)has rapidly evolved in recent years[1].It is estimated that 20%-40%of cancer patients will develop BMs during their disease,while prevalence will probably grow thanks to the incr...The management of brain metastases(BMs)has rapidly evolved in recent years[1].It is estimated that 20%-40%of cancer patients will develop BMs during their disease,while prevalence will probably grow thanks to the increased efficacy of systemic treatments.Whole-brain radiotherapy has long been the first-line treatment for BMs.Large-scale international clinical trials conducted over the past decade have established that stereotactic radiotherapy(SRT)is the treatment of choice for the management of patients harboring up to 3-5 metastases with the compromise of increased distant brain failure(DBF)rates[2].Selection of patients and appropriate monitoring of patients remain a challenge.展开更多
Knowledge plays a critical role in artificial intelligence.Recently,the extensive success of pre-trained language models(PLMs)has raised significant attention about how knowledge can be acquired,maintained,updated and...Knowledge plays a critical role in artificial intelligence.Recently,the extensive success of pre-trained language models(PLMs)has raised significant attention about how knowledge can be acquired,maintained,updated and used by language models.Despite the enormous amount of related studies,there is still a lack of a unified view of how knowledge circulates within language models throughout the learning,tuning,and application processes,which may prevent us from further understanding the connections between current progress or realizing existing limitations.In this survey,we revisit PLMs as knowledge-based systems by dividing the life circle of knowledge in PLMs into five critical periods,and investigating how knowledge circulates when it is built,maintained and used.To this end,we systematically review existing studies of each period of the knowledge life cycle,summarize the main challenges and current limitations,and discuss future directions.展开更多
Extensive research has explored human motion generation,but the generated sequences are influenced by different motion styles.For instance,the act of walking with joy and sorrow evokes distinct effects on a character...Extensive research has explored human motion generation,but the generated sequences are influenced by different motion styles.For instance,the act of walking with joy and sorrow evokes distinct effects on a character’s motion.Due to the difficulties in motion capture with styles,the available data for style research are also limited.To address the problems,we propose ASMNet,an action and style-conditioned motion generative network.This network ensures that the generated human motion sequences not only comply with the provided action label but also exhibit distinctive stylistic features.To extract motion features from human motion sequences,we design a spatial temporal extractor.Moreover,we use the adaptive instance normalization layer to inject style into the target motion.Our results are comparable to state-of-the-art approaches and display a substantial advantage in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations.The code is available at https://github.com/ZongYingLi/ASMNet.git.展开更多
Link-based similarity measures play a significant role in many graph based applications. Consequently, mea- suring node similarity in a graph is a fundamental problem of graph data mining. Personalized PageRank （PPR...Link-based similarity measures play a significant role in many graph based applications. Consequently, mea- suring node similarity in a graph is a fundamental problem of graph data mining. Personalized PageRank （PPR） and Sim- Rank （SR） have emerged as the most popular and influen- tial link-based similarity measures. Recently, a novel link- based similarity measure, penetrating rank （P-Rank）, which enriches SR, was proposed. In practice, PPR, SR and P-Rank scores are calculated by iterative methods. As the number of iterations increases so does the overhead of the calcula- tion. The ideal solution is that computing similarity within the minimum number of iterations is sufficient to guaran- tee a desired accuracy. However, the existing upper bounds are too coarse to be useful in general. Therefore, we focus on designing an accurate and tight upper bounds for PPR, SR, and P-Rank in the paper. Our upper bounds are designed based on the following intuition： the smaller the difference between the two consecutive iteration steps is, the smaller the difference between the theoretical and iterative similar- ity scores becomes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effec- tiveness of our upper bounds in the scenario of top-k similar nodes queries, where our upper bounds helps accelerate the speed of the query. We also run a comprehensive set of exper- iments on real world data sets to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our upper bounds.展开更多
The neural wave representation which describes spatiotemporal information in early vision is proposed in terms of extended Gabor functions in this paper. Its reasonability, completeness and uncertainty in spatiotempor...The neural wave representation which describes spatiotemporal information in early vision is proposed in terms of extended Gabor functions in this paper. Its reasonability, completeness and uncertainty in spatiotemporal domains and their frequency domains were investigated. The ranges of these parameters in this representation were estimated on electrophysiological and psychophysical data. We derived the partial differential equations which the neural wave satisfied. The general significance of 3D neural wave representation has been explored.展开更多
In landmark-based image registration, estimating the landmark correspondence plays an important role. In this letter, a novel landmark correspondence estimation technique using mean shift algorithm is proposed. Image ...In landmark-based image registration, estimating the landmark correspondence plays an important role. In this letter, a novel landmark correspondence estimation technique using mean shift algorithm is proposed. Image corner points are detected as landmarks and mean shift iterations are adopted to find the most probable corresponding point positions in two images. Mutual information between intensity of two local regions is computed to eliminate mis-matching points to improve the stability of corresponding estimation correspondence landmarks is exact. The proposed experiments of various mono-modal medical images. Multi-level estimation （MLE） technique is proposed Experiments show that the precision in location of technique is shown to be feasible and rapid in the展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871426,81871430,82260359,U22A20303)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(H2020206263,H2020206625)STI2030-Major Projects Program(2022ZD0214500).
文摘To the editor:Insomnia disorder has a serious and widespread detrimental effect on humans with comorbidity with other mental or physical health problems.In recent years,noninvasive brain stimulation(NIBS)techniques,especially transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)and transcranial electrical stimulation,have been increasingly used for the treatment of brain diseases,including insomnia disorder.
基金supported by the Innovation Platform Construction of Qinghai Province(No.2016-ZJ-Y04)the Basic Research Program of Qinghai Province(No.2016-ZJ-740)
文摘Text extraction is an important initial step in digitizing the historical documents. In this paper, we present a text extraction method for historical Tibetan document images based on block projections. The task of text extraction is considered as text area detection and location problem. The images are divided equally into blocks and the blocks are filtered by the information of the categories of connected components and corner point density. By analyzing the filtered blocks' projections, the approximate text areas can be located, and the text regions are extracted. Experiments on the dataset of historical Tibetan documents demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金a grant from the Research Grants Council othe Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(NoPolyU 5199/06E)by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(No.60472036,No.60431020,No60402036,No.60772069)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No.4062006).
文摘An image magnification method with a Gradient Vector Flow(GVF)constraint-basedanisotropic diffusion model is proposed in this letter.A Low-Resolution(LR)image is first magnifiedusing bilinear interpolation,and then an iterative image restoration method,with the use of an ani-sotropic diffusion model and a Gaussian moving-average constraint,is applied to the magnified image.The estimated GVF of a High-Resolution(HR)image can be used to remove the jagged effect and topreserve the textural structure in the image.Meanwhile,the use of the Gaussian moving-average LRmodel can provide a data fidelity constraint,which renders a magnified image closer to the ideal HRversion.Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the quality of magnifiedimages in terms of both objective and subjective criteria.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82371500,82260359,U22A20303)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(H2020206625,H2020206263)+2 种基金STI2030:2022ZD0214500,National Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2021SK2023)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia 2021MS08014,2023QN08007,Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2023JJ30412)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.QTZX23094).
文摘Background Insomnia disorder(ID)is one of the most common mental disorders.Research on ID focuses on exploring its mechanism of disease,novel treatments and treatment outcome prediction.An emerging technique in this field is the use of electroencephalography(EEG)microstates,which offer a new method of EEG feature extraction that incorporates information from both temporal and 6/spatial dimensions.Aims To explore the electrophysiological mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)for ID treatment and use baseline microstate metrics for the prediction of its efficacy.Methods This study included 60 patients with ID and 40 age-matched and gender-matched good sleep controls(GSC).Their resting-state EEG microstates were analysed,and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and polysomnography(PSG)were collected to assess sleep quality.The 60 patients with ID were equally divided into active and sham groups to receive rTMS for 20 days to test whether rTMS had a moderating effect on abnormal microstates in patients with ID.Furthermore,in an independent group of 90 patients with ID who received rTMS treatment,patients were divided into optimal and suboptimal groups based on their median PSQI reduction rate.Baseline EEG microstates were used to build a machine-learning predictive model for the effects of rTMS treatment.Results The class D microstate was less frequent and contribute in patients with ID,and these abnormalities were associated with sleep onset latency as measured by PSG.Additinally,the abnormalities were partially reversed to the levels observed in the GSC group following rTMS treatment.The baseline microstate characteristics could predict the therapeutic effect of ID after 20 days of rTMS,with an accuracy of 80.13%.Conclusions Our study highlights the value of EEG microstates as functional biomarkers of ID and provides a new perspective for studying the neurophysiological mechanisms of ID.In addition,we predicted the therapeutic effect of rTMS on ID based on the baseline microstates of patients with ID.This finding carries great practical significance for the selection of therapeutic options for patients with ID.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.40971185)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2013AA09A505)
文摘The principle of ocean wave spectrometers was first presented several decades ago to detect the directional wave spectrum with real-aperture radar(Jackson,1981). To invert wave spectra using an ocean wave spectrometer,for simplicity,the hydrodynamic forcing and wave-wave interaction effect are neglected and a Gaussian slope probability density function(pdf) is used to calculate the normalized backscattering cross-section( σ 0) of the ocean surface. However,the real sea surface is non-Gaussian. It is not known whether the non-Gaussian property of the sea surface will affect the performance of the inversion of the wave spectrum if following existing inversion steps and methods. In this paper,the pdf of the sea surface slope is expressed as a Gram-Charlier fourth-order expansion,which is quasi-Gaussian. The modulation transfer function(MTF) is derived for a non-Gaussian slope pdf. The effects of non-Gaussian properties of the sea surface slope on the inversion process and result are then studied in a simulation of the SWIM(Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring) instrument configuration to be used on the CFOSAT(China-France Oceanography Satellite) mission. The simulation results show that the mean trend of σ 0 depends on the sea slope pdf,and the peakedness and skewness coefficients of the slope pdf affect the shape of the mean trend of σ 0 versus incidence and azimuth; owing to high resolution of σ 0 in the range direction,MTF obtained using the mean trend of σ 0 is almost as accurate as that set in the direct simulation; in the inversion,if ignoring the non-Gaussian assumption,the inversion performances for the wave spectrum decrease,as seen for an increase in the energy error of the inverted wave slope spectrum. However,the peak wavelength and wave direction are the same for inversions that consider and ignore the non-Gaussian property.
基金the Major national S&T program under Grant No. 2011ZX03005-002National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60872041,61072066the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. JY10000903001,JY10000901034
文摘In opportunistic Networks,compromised nodes can attack social context-based routing protocols by publishing false social attributes information.To solve this problem,we propose a security scheme based on the identity-based threshold signature which allows mobile nodes to jointly generate and distribute the secrets for social attributes in a totally self-organized way without the need of any centralized authority.New joining nodes can reconstruct their own social attribute signatures by getting enough partial signature services from encounter opportunities with the initial nodes.Mobile nodes need to testify whether the neighbors can provide valid attribute signatures for their routing advertisements in order to resist potential routing attacks.Simulation results show that:by implementing our security scheme,the network delivery probability of the social context-based routing protocol can be effectively improved when there are large numbers of compromised nodes in opportunistic networks.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61304131 and 61402147)Grant of China Scholarship Council(No.201608130174)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.F2016402054 and F2014402075)the Scientific Research Plan Projects of Hebei Education Department(Nos.BJ2014019,ZD2015087 and QN2015046)the Research Program of Talent Cultivation Project in Hebei Province(No.A2016002023)
文摘A heterogeneous wireless sensor network comprises a number of inexpensive energy constrained wireless sensor nodes which collect data from the sensing environment and transmit them toward the improved cluster head in a coordinated way. Employing clustering techniques in such networks can achieve balanced energy consumption of member nodes and prolong the network lifetimes.In classical clustering techniques, clustering and in-cluster data routes are usually separated into independent operations. Although separate considerations of these two issues simplify the system design, it is often the non-optimal lifetime expectancy for wireless sensor networks. This paper proposes an integral framework that integrates these two correlated items in an interactive entirety. For that,we develop the clustering problems using nonlinear programming. Evolution process of clustering is provided in simulations. Results show that our joint-design proposal reaches the near optimal match between member nodes and cluster heads.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60472036, 60402036)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No.4042008)the Ph.D. Foundation of Ministry of Education (No.20040005015).
文摘This letter presents a novel spatial error concealment algorithm for the H.264 video coding. The error concealment algorithm is based on directional interpolation. Mojette transform is used to estimate the orientation features of the damaged blocks,and the image is interpolated in the appro-priate directions. The proposed method is compared with bilinear interpolation algorithm in the ref-erence implementation of H.264 and all directional interpolation. Experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm has better subjective and objective image reconstruction quality.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2008AA01A313 ）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （60772069）, and a Grant from the Centre for Signal Processing of the Hang Kong Polytechnic University （1-BB9c）.
文摘In this paper, the complexity of intra coding is first analyzed so as to achieve a weight of complexity measurement for each intra mode. Then, a new complexity scalable control algorithm for intra coding in H. 264 is proposed, based on the rearrangement of the order of candidate modes and an efficient complexity allocation and control （CAAC） scheme at the macroblock （MB） level. The candidate modes of each MB are rearranged according to the local-edge information. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can make an appropriate cut-off point of the candidate modes sequence adaptively according to the current energy condition of a mobile device, so as to adjust the complexity at any level while maximizing the video quality, which can prolong the operational lifetime of the battery with minimum degradation in video quality.
文摘Goal-setting enhances learning by providing a sense of direction and purpose to individuals. Contemporary social media plays an important role in expressing individual users＇ messages and sharing personal goals within a given community. The massiveness of the data available for users calls for a more systematic analysis of goals and meaning-making construction of these goals for educational and research purposes. This research proposes an approach to combine methods of mining, corpus linguistics and SFG （systemic functional grammar） for extracting goals in mined tweets, sorting the data linguistically and devising a model for analyzing the data based on the concepts of SFG and genre-based realization. The results of ＂meaning-making＂ analysis of goals show that： （1） mining is a successful tool for processing the large database into the pre-designated typology of goals; （2） the implementation of SFG as an analytical theory for semiotic and semogenic features of goals is a significant expansion of linguistic analysis of goals; （3） the Transitivity Model of SFG for identifying the Ideational Function of social meaning creation shows thc inclination of using ＂material＂, ＂mental＂ and ＂relational＂ processes as well as personal recounts of past learning experiences.
文摘The management of brain metastases(BMs)has rapidly evolved in recent years[1].It is estimated that 20%-40%of cancer patients will develop BMs during their disease,while prevalence will probably grow thanks to the increased efficacy of systemic treatments.Whole-brain radiotherapy has long been the first-line treatment for BMs.Large-scale international clinical trials conducted over the past decade have established that stereotactic radiotherapy(SRT)is the treatment of choice for the management of patients harboring up to 3-5 metastases with the compromise of increased distant brain failure(DBF)rates[2].Selection of patients and appropriate monitoring of patients remain a challenge.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62122077)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research,China(No.YSBR-040).
文摘Knowledge plays a critical role in artificial intelligence.Recently,the extensive success of pre-trained language models(PLMs)has raised significant attention about how knowledge can be acquired,maintained,updated and used by language models.Despite the enormous amount of related studies,there is still a lack of a unified view of how knowledge circulates within language models throughout the learning,tuning,and application processes,which may prevent us from further understanding the connections between current progress or realizing existing limitations.In this survey,we revisit PLMs as knowledge-based systems by dividing the life circle of knowledge in PLMs into five critical periods,and investigating how knowledge circulates when it is built,maintained and used.To this end,we systematically review existing studies of each period of the knowledge life cycle,summarize the main challenges and current limitations,and discuss future directions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62203476)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen(No.JCYJ20230807120801002).
文摘Extensive research has explored human motion generation,but the generated sequences are influenced by different motion styles.For instance,the act of walking with joy and sorrow evokes distinct effects on a character’s motion.Due to the difficulties in motion capture with styles,the available data for style research are also limited.To address the problems,we propose ASMNet,an action and style-conditioned motion generative network.This network ensures that the generated human motion sequences not only comply with the provided action label but also exhibit distinctive stylistic features.To extract motion features from human motion sequences,we design a spatial temporal extractor.Moreover,we use the adaptive instance normalization layer to inject style into the target motion.Our results are comparable to state-of-the-art approaches and display a substantial advantage in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations.The code is available at https://github.com/ZongYingLi/ASMNet.git.
文摘Link-based similarity measures play a significant role in many graph based applications. Consequently, mea- suring node similarity in a graph is a fundamental problem of graph data mining. Personalized PageRank （PPR） and Sim- Rank （SR） have emerged as the most popular and influen- tial link-based similarity measures. Recently, a novel link- based similarity measure, penetrating rank （P-Rank）, which enriches SR, was proposed. In practice, PPR, SR and P-Rank scores are calculated by iterative methods. As the number of iterations increases so does the overhead of the calcula- tion. The ideal solution is that computing similarity within the minimum number of iterations is sufficient to guaran- tee a desired accuracy. However, the existing upper bounds are too coarse to be useful in general. Therefore, we focus on designing an accurate and tight upper bounds for PPR, SR, and P-Rank in the paper. Our upper bounds are designed based on the following intuition： the smaller the difference between the two consecutive iteration steps is, the smaller the difference between the theoretical and iterative similar- ity scores becomes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effec- tiveness of our upper bounds in the scenario of top-k similar nodes queries, where our upper bounds helps accelerate the speed of the query. We also run a comprehensive set of exper- iments on real world data sets to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our upper bounds.
文摘The neural wave representation which describes spatiotemporal information in early vision is proposed in terms of extended Gabor functions in this paper. Its reasonability, completeness and uncertainty in spatiotemporal domains and their frequency domains were investigated. The ranges of these parameters in this representation were estimated on electrophysiological and psychophysical data. We derived the partial differential equations which the neural wave satisfied. The general significance of 3D neural wave representation has been explored.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60572101
文摘In landmark-based image registration, estimating the landmark correspondence plays an important role. In this letter, a novel landmark correspondence estimation technique using mean shift algorithm is proposed. Image corner points are detected as landmarks and mean shift iterations are adopted to find the most probable corresponding point positions in two images. Mutual information between intensity of two local regions is computed to eliminate mis-matching points to improve the stability of corresponding estimation correspondence landmarks is exact. The proposed experiments of various mono-modal medical images. Multi-level estimation （MLE） technique is proposed Experiments show that the precision in location of technique is shown to be feasible and rapid in the
