The informatization of the grid,i.e.,the incorporation of sensing,communications,data platforms,analytics,and automation in the running of power systems,has turned out to be a vital facilitator of environmental mitiga...The informatization of the grid,i.e.,the incorporation of sensing,communications,data platforms,analytics,and automation in the running of power systems,has turned out to be a vital facilitator of environmental mitigation as power systems increasingly take up larger proportions of variable renewables,distributed energy resources(DERs),and electrified end uses.The review summarizes the worldwide evidence related to the ability of informatization-based smart grid applications to lower the environmental impact in six pathways,namely efficiency improvement,flexibility activation,renewable integration,DER coordination,electrification management,and resilience enhancement.Across regions,the most consistently reported benefits arise from reducing waste and improving operational control,including loss reduction,volt/VAR optimization,conservation voltage reduction,and distribution automation,particularly in systems with high baseline losses or frequent outages.Demand response,dynamic pricing,and managed electric vehicle(EV)charging can further lower emissions when they displace high-emitting marginal generation or align consumption with time-varying low-carbon supply;however,outcomes are highly sensitive to marginal emissions profiles and accounting methods.In highrenewable systems,forecasting,congestion management,and curtailment reduction emerge as high-leverage mechanisms,while distributed energy resource management systems/virtual power plant(DERMS/VPP)-enabled coordination can expand hosting capacity and substitute distributed flexibility for carbon-intensive balancing,contingent on interoperability and constraint-aware control.The review also highlights trade-offs that shape net benefits,including embodied impacts and e-waste from digital hardware,information and communication technologies(ICT)energy use,rebound and equity effects,and cyber-physical risks.We conclude with governance and research priorities for verifiable,secure,and lifecyclesustainable informatization.展开更多
文摘The informatization of the grid,i.e.,the incorporation of sensing,communications,data platforms,analytics,and automation in the running of power systems,has turned out to be a vital facilitator of environmental mitigation as power systems increasingly take up larger proportions of variable renewables,distributed energy resources(DERs),and electrified end uses.The review summarizes the worldwide evidence related to the ability of informatization-based smart grid applications to lower the environmental impact in six pathways,namely efficiency improvement,flexibility activation,renewable integration,DER coordination,electrification management,and resilience enhancement.Across regions,the most consistently reported benefits arise from reducing waste and improving operational control,including loss reduction,volt/VAR optimization,conservation voltage reduction,and distribution automation,particularly in systems with high baseline losses or frequent outages.Demand response,dynamic pricing,and managed electric vehicle(EV)charging can further lower emissions when they displace high-emitting marginal generation or align consumption with time-varying low-carbon supply;however,outcomes are highly sensitive to marginal emissions profiles and accounting methods.In highrenewable systems,forecasting,congestion management,and curtailment reduction emerge as high-leverage mechanisms,while distributed energy resource management systems/virtual power plant(DERMS/VPP)-enabled coordination can expand hosting capacity and substitute distributed flexibility for carbon-intensive balancing,contingent on interoperability and constraint-aware control.The review also highlights trade-offs that shape net benefits,including embodied impacts and e-waste from digital hardware,information and communication technologies(ICT)energy use,rebound and equity effects,and cyber-physical risks.We conclude with governance and research priorities for verifiable,secure,and lifecyclesustainable informatization.
