·AIM:To identify various risk factors that may play a significant role in the development of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction(CNLDO).·METHODS:This observational case-control study included a case gro...·AIM:To identify various risk factors that may play a significant role in the development of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction(CNLDO).·METHODS:This observational case-control study included a case group of 122 children less than two years of age with CNLDO who underwent probing and irrigation treatment at the ophthalmology department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz,Iran,from June 2022 to June2024.A control group of 122 age-matched children without CNLDO was also included for comparison.Data was collected from the children's medical records.·RESULTS:The study found a significant correlation between the occurrence of CNLDO and several maternal factors,such as preeclampsia,the use of levothyroxine,hypothyroidism,having more than three pregnancies(gravidity>3),natural pregnancy,and gestational diabetes mellitus.Additionally,in children,factors,such as oxygen therapy,anemia,reflux,jaundice,and a family history of CNLDO in first-degree relatives were associated with CNLDO,and maternal preeclampsia and hypothyroidism were found to significantly increase the risk of developing CNLDO in children.·CONCLUSION:Given that CNLDO affects both premature and full-term children,the present findings may potentially facilitate the early identification of children and infants at risk of nasolacrimal duct obstruction,thereby preventing the onset of chronic dacryocystitis.展开更多
Dear Editor,We present the reported case of rapid onset bull’s eye maculopathy.Chloroquine(CQ)and its safer,more widely used analogue,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ),were originally developed as antimalarial medications.Howe...Dear Editor,We present the reported case of rapid onset bull’s eye maculopathy.Chloroquine(CQ)and its safer,more widely used analogue,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ),were originally developed as antimalarial medications.However,they have since become essential in the treatment of various autoimmune disorders due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.HCQ is also being investigated for potential applications in diabetes mellitus,coronavirus disease 2019,heart disease,and as an adjunct in cancer therapy^([1-2]).展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of capsular tension ring(CTR) implantation on predicted refractive error after cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation(PEX) syndrome.METHODS: This double-blind randomized cli...AIM: To investigate the effect of capsular tension ring(CTR) implantation on predicted refractive error after cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation(PEX) syndrome.METHODS: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with PEX syndrome referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, for undergoing cataract surgery. The study population was divided into two groups, namely CTR group(n=30) and non-CTR group(control group;n=30). The refractive error and anterior chamber depth(ACD) were measured 1 wk, 1 mo, and 3 mo after phacoemulsification(PE) surgery.RESULTS: The results indicated no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of predicted refractive error(obtained by subtracting preoperative predicted refractive error from actual postoperative refractive error) 1 wk(P=0.47), 1 mo(P=0.30), and 3 mo(P=0.06) after the PE surgery. Regarding the CTR group, the changes of ACD was statistically significant 1 and 3 mo after the PE surgery, compared to those obtained 1 wk post-surgery(P=0.005).CONCLUSION: The CTR implantation in PEX cataractous patients without zonulysis has no statistically significant effect on the predicted refraction and ACD changes after PE. The predicted refraction error has a hyperopic shift in both groups. The results reveal the unnecessary of calculating modified IOL in CTR implantation.展开更多
Leukemia is a malignancy in the blood that develops from the lymphatic system and bone marrow.Although various treatment options have been used for different types of leukemia,understanding the molecular pathways invo...Leukemia is a malignancy in the blood that develops from the lymphatic system and bone marrow.Although various treatment options have been used for different types of leukemia,understanding the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of leukemia is necessary.Recent studies showed that leukemia stem cells(LSCs)play essential roles in the pathogenesis of leukemia by targeting several signaling pathways,including Notch,Wnt,Hedgehog,and STAT3.LSCs are highly proliferative cells that stimulate tumor initiation,migration,EMT,and drug resistance.This review summarizes cellular pathways that stimulate and prevent LSCs'self-renewal,metastasis,and tumorigenesis.展开更多
文摘·AIM:To identify various risk factors that may play a significant role in the development of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction(CNLDO).·METHODS:This observational case-control study included a case group of 122 children less than two years of age with CNLDO who underwent probing and irrigation treatment at the ophthalmology department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz,Iran,from June 2022 to June2024.A control group of 122 age-matched children without CNLDO was also included for comparison.Data was collected from the children's medical records.·RESULTS:The study found a significant correlation between the occurrence of CNLDO and several maternal factors,such as preeclampsia,the use of levothyroxine,hypothyroidism,having more than three pregnancies(gravidity>3),natural pregnancy,and gestational diabetes mellitus.Additionally,in children,factors,such as oxygen therapy,anemia,reflux,jaundice,and a family history of CNLDO in first-degree relatives were associated with CNLDO,and maternal preeclampsia and hypothyroidism were found to significantly increase the risk of developing CNLDO in children.·CONCLUSION:Given that CNLDO affects both premature and full-term children,the present findings may potentially facilitate the early identification of children and infants at risk of nasolacrimal duct obstruction,thereby preventing the onset of chronic dacryocystitis.
文摘Dear Editor,We present the reported case of rapid onset bull’s eye maculopathy.Chloroquine(CQ)and its safer,more widely used analogue,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ),were originally developed as antimalarial medications.However,they have since become essential in the treatment of various autoimmune disorders due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.HCQ is also being investigated for potential applications in diabetes mellitus,coronavirus disease 2019,heart disease,and as an adjunct in cancer therapy^([1-2]).
基金Supported by the Research Deputy of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,Ahvaz,Iran。
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of capsular tension ring(CTR) implantation on predicted refractive error after cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation(PEX) syndrome.METHODS: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with PEX syndrome referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, for undergoing cataract surgery. The study population was divided into two groups, namely CTR group(n=30) and non-CTR group(control group;n=30). The refractive error and anterior chamber depth(ACD) were measured 1 wk, 1 mo, and 3 mo after phacoemulsification(PE) surgery.RESULTS: The results indicated no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of predicted refractive error(obtained by subtracting preoperative predicted refractive error from actual postoperative refractive error) 1 wk(P=0.47), 1 mo(P=0.30), and 3 mo(P=0.06) after the PE surgery. Regarding the CTR group, the changes of ACD was statistically significant 1 and 3 mo after the PE surgery, compared to those obtained 1 wk post-surgery(P=0.005).CONCLUSION: The CTR implantation in PEX cataractous patients without zonulysis has no statistically significant effect on the predicted refraction and ACD changes after PE. The predicted refraction error has a hyperopic shift in both groups. The results reveal the unnecessary of calculating modified IOL in CTR implantation.
文摘Leukemia is a malignancy in the blood that develops from the lymphatic system and bone marrow.Although various treatment options have been used for different types of leukemia,understanding the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of leukemia is necessary.Recent studies showed that leukemia stem cells(LSCs)play essential roles in the pathogenesis of leukemia by targeting several signaling pathways,including Notch,Wnt,Hedgehog,and STAT3.LSCs are highly proliferative cells that stimulate tumor initiation,migration,EMT,and drug resistance.This review summarizes cellular pathways that stimulate and prevent LSCs'self-renewal,metastasis,and tumorigenesis.
